SS 593 : 2013
This Singapore Standard was approved by Building and Construction Standards Committee on behalf of the Singapore Standards Council on 26 November 2013. First published, 2014 The Building and Construction Standards Committee, appointed by the Standards Council, consists of the following members: Name
Capacity
:
Mr Goh Peng Thong
Member, Standards Council
:
Er. Lee Chuan Seng
Member, Standards Council
:
Mr Tan Tian Chong
Member, Standards Council
Secretary
:
Ms Lee Hiok Hoong
SPRING Singapore
Members
:
Mr Bin Chee Kwan Er. Chan Ewe Jin Mr Chan Kok Way Er. Chee Kheng Chye Mr Chng Chee Beow
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon
National Environment Agency Institution of Engineers, Singapore Individual Capacity Housing & Development Board Real Estate Developers’ Association of Singapore Land Transport Authority Singapore Contractors Association Ltd Ministry of Manpower Singapore Institute of Architects Building and Construction Authority Nanyang Technological University Association of Property and Facility Managers Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore Singapore Institute of Surveyors and Valuers Urban Redevelopment Authority National University of Singapore Singapore Manufacturing Federation
Mr Christopher Tan Er. Tang Pei Luen Dr Tam Chat Tim
Singapore Civil Defence Force JTC Corporation Individual Capacity
Prof Choo Yoo Sang
National University of Singapore
Chairman st
1 Dy Chairman nd
2
Dy Chairman
Mr Paul Fok Mr Desmond Hill Er. Ismadi Mohd Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Ms Andris Leong Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon Dr Lim Lan Yuan Er. Lim Peng Hong Mr Silas Loh
Co-opted Member
:
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The Technical Committee on Architectural Works, appointed by the Building and Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard, consists of representatives from the following organisations: Name
Capacity
Chairman
:
Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock
Member, Building and Construction Standards Committee
Dy Chairman
:
Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong
Member, Building and Construction Standards Committee
Secretary
:
Mr Allan Koh
SPRING Singapore
Members
:
Mr Cheah Kok Ming Mr Choy Kin Man Mr Gan Geok Chua Mr Goh Chun Hee Ms Vivien Heng Cheng Sim Mr Koh Bon Pock Mr Lau Kwong Chung Maj Lim Lam Kwang Mr Rajendran Ramamoorthy Mr See Sing Kok Mr See Sing Mun Ms Tan Hwee Yong Mr Wong Chung Wan Mr Wilson Wong King Chiong Ms Catherine Wong Phui Chan Ms Jesseline Yap
National University of Singapore TUV SUD PSB Pte Ltd Singapore Glass Association Individual Capacity Singapore Green Building Council Singapore Timber Association Singapore Institute of Architects Singapore Civil Defence Force Building and Construction Authority Institution of Engineers, Singapore Singapore Manufacturing Federation Housing & Development Board Individual Capacity Singapore Contractors Association Ltd
Er. Chong Kee Sen
Institution of Engineers, Singapore
Mr Fang Yea Saen
K&C Protective Technologies
Co-opted Members
:
Setsco Services Pte Ltd Tiles Association Singapore
The Working Group, appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this standard, comprises the following experts who contribute in their individual capacity: Name Convenor
:
Er. Chong Kee Sen
Co-Convenor
:
Mr Bin Chee Kwan Mr Anselm Gonsalves (served till 1 April 2013)
Secretary
:
Mr Chow Chee Kiong
Members
:
Mr Aaron Ang Cheng Hua Mr Au Wing Kuen Mr Cheong Yew Kee Mr Leong Kuo Sam Mr Long Han Boon
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Name Members
:
Ms Helen Ng Mr Tan Cheong Ee Mr David Tan Er. Tang Pei Luen Ms Jannie Wan Mr Wong Chiew Yii
The organisations in which the experts of the Working Group are involved are: Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore Building and Construction Authority Institution of Engineers, Singapore JTC Corporation National Environment Agency Singapore Chemical Industry Council Singapore Institute of Architects Singapore Land Authority Urban Redevelopment Authority
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Contents
Page
Foreword
7
Section One – General 1
Scope
8
2
Normative references
8
3
Definitions and abbreviations
8
Section Two – Judicious siting of industries and other developments 4
Objective
10
Section Three – Requirements for industries 5
Clean industry
10
6
Light industry
10
7
General industry
11
8
Special industry
11
Section Four – Requirements to operate a factory 9
Use of industrial premises
12
10
Trade effluent discharge into public sewer and watercourse
12
Section Five – Pollution control requirements 11
Water pollution
13
12
Air pollution
15
13
Noise pollution
18
Section Six – Hazardous substances and toxic industrial waste control requirements 14
Hazardous substances
19
15
Toxic industrial waste
19
Section Seven – Control of land pollution and remediation of contaminated sites 16
Polluting activities
20
17
Site assessment study and clean-up of contaminated sites
20
18
Remediation of contaminated sites
20
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Annexes A
(normative) Examples of clean industries
21
B
(normative) Examples of light industries
22
C
(normative) Examples of general industries
23
D
(normative) Examples of special industries
25
E
(normative) List of scheduled premises
27
F
(normative) List of hazardous substances as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act
29
G
(normative) List of toxic industrial wastes
40
H
(normative) Allowable limits for trade effluent discharged into a public sewer/watercourse/controlled watercourse as specified in the EPMA, SDA and their Regulations
43
I
(informative) Example of trade effluent sampling sump design
45
J
(informative) Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory
46
K
(informative) Example of pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system
48
L
(normative) Guidelines for leak test
49
M
(normative) Guidelines for contingency plan
50
N
(normative) Guidelines for storage of hazardous substances
51
O
(normative) Retention basin for spent fire-fighting water for warehouse storing hazardous substances
53
P
(informative) Example of dilution tank design
54
Q
(normative) Standards of concentration of air impurities as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act and its Regulations
55
R
(normative) Emission standards for special waste incinerators
58
S
(normative) Polluting activities subject to site assessment before change of use or rezoning
59
T
(informative) Standards and technical guidelines for assessment and remediation of contaminated sites
60
U
(informative) Listing of some approvals by the relevant authorities on pollution control and other environmental matters
61
Building setbacks for residential developments near MRT tracks
18
Chimney height for the safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment
17
Table 1 Figure 1
Bibliography
62
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Foreword This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Architectural Works under the purview of the Building and Construction Standards Committee. The pollution control requirements specified in this code are mainly performance-based so as to allow industrialists, architects, professional engineers and consultants to exercise flexibility and creativity in their designs to meet the stated requirements. The code is aligned to relevant statutory regulations or by-laws of the regulatory authorities or other government bodies. In general, the Qualified Person shall submit Building Plans (BPs) of the building works to the relevant authorities for approval on pollution control and other environmental matters (refer to the informative Annex U). In preparing this standard, reference was made to the following standards: 1.
CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management
2.
International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code
Acknowledgement is made to International Maritime Organization for the use of information from the IMDG Code and the domain experts, Dr. Kenny Yap Sau Hee, Dr. Lawrence Koe Choon Chiaw and Prof. Liya E. Yu whom we have consulted for this standard. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of such patent rights.
NOTE 1.
Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and new technical developments. The changes in Singapore Standards are documented through the issue of either amendments or revisions.
2.
Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.
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Code of practice for pollution control Section One – General 1
Scope
This code specifies the recommended pollution control requirements and good practices to safeguard clean air, clean land, clean water and a quality living environment. Siting requirements for various types of developments, management of hazardous substances, toxic industrial wastes, land contamination and remediation are also included.
2
Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this code. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. SS CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management SS 553 – Code of practice for air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation in buildings SS 586 – Hazard Communication for Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous Goods SS CP 48 – Code of Practice for Water Services
3
Definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this code, the following definitions apply:
3.1
Air impurities
Includes smoke, cinders, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, odours and radioactive substances.
3.2
Controlled watercourse
A watercourse from which potable water supplied by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) under the Public Utilities Act is obtained but does not include a watercourse from which water is pumped into a main of the PUB.
3.3
Fuel burning equipment
Any furnace, boiler, fire place, oven, retort or incinerator.
3.4
Hazardous substance
Any of the substances listed in the Schedule of the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) (see also Annex F).
3.5
IMDG
International Maritime Dangerous Goods. 8
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3.6
Pollution control study
A study on environmental pollution control and related matters as defined in the EPMA.
3.7
Public sewer
Includes the following: (a)
a sewer which was vested in the Government before the appointed day under the repealed Water Pollution Control and Drainage Act (or any other written law);
(b)
a sewer with respect to which a declaration of vesting has been made under the Sewerage and Drainage Act (SDA);
(c)
a sewer constructed by the Government on any private property at its expense or acquired by the Government; and
(d)
a sewer erected on private property which is maintained by the Government.
3.8
Polluting substance
Any oil, solvent or chemical that can cause pollution to a watercourse.
3.9
QRA
Quantitative Risk Assessment
3.10
Scheduled premises
Any premises listed in Annex E.
3.11
Sewage
Includes water-borne domestic waste and trade effluent.
3.12
Stormwater
Rainwater or surface water but does not include sewage.
3.13
Toxic industrial waste
Any of the wastes listed in Annex G.
3.14
Trade effluent
Any liquid, either with or without particles of matter in suspension therein, which is the outflow from any trade, business or manufacture or of any works of engineering or building construction.
3.15
Watercourse
Includes a reservoir, lake, river, stream, canal, drain, spring or well or a part of the sea abutting on the foreshore and any other natural, artificial or sub-surface body of water.
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Section Two – Judicious siting of industries and other developments 4
Objective
4.1
Environmental impact can be mitigated by ensuring that developments are sited in designated areas in accordance with the land use Master Plan and pollution control measures are incorporated in their design. Hence, it is important that at the planning stage of development projects, architects, professional engineers and developers ascertain the impact of the developments in relation to the surrounding land use and vice versa. The measures to control air, water and noise pollution, the management of hazardous substances, and the treatment and disposal of toxic wastes should be examined and indicated clearly in the development proposals.
4.2
To guide land use planning and help industrialists select suitable industrial premises, industries are classified under four categories, according to the activities based on their potential environmental impacts such as noise, odour, vibration, fumes, dust, etc. The four categories are clean industries, light industries, general industries and special industries (see below). Generally, the industry uses shall be sited in factory premises that are designated for such use in the land use Master Plan. In addition, the buffer distance(s) as specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8 should be factored in to mitigate the potential nuisance impacts on surrounding developments.
4.3
Industrial premises including warehouses located within water catchments should not be used for storage of hazardous or polluting substances without written approval from relevant authorities. A QRA study needs to be carried out for industries handling hazardous substances which shall identify and quantify hazards and risks related to the transport, use and storage of those hazardous materials.
4.4 For residential developments located near expressways, petrol stations, places of worship or MRT tracks/stations, reference should also be made to Clause 13.
Section Three – Requirements for industries 5
Clean industry
5.1 Factories that do not generate any air pollutants, waste water as well as nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises. 5.2
No buffer is required between clean industrial site boundary and residential premises.
5.3
Factories should not use, handle or store hazardous substances.
5.4
Examples of clean industries are given in Annex A.
6
Light industry
6.1 Factories that generate some air pollutants and waste water within permissible limits without the need for pollution control equipment, and pose minimal potential nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises. 6.2
There should be a buffer distance of at least 50 m between the light industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.
6.3 Factories should only use gaseous fuel (such as LPG or NG or town gas) for burning equipment. 10
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6.4 No buffer is required between any food industry premises and light industry premises. However, food industries that may give rise to any emissions, such as odour, fumes, steam, should be sited in food zones or in private land developments designated or approved by the relevant authorities. 6.5
Examples of light industries are given in Annex B.
7
General industry
7.1
Factories that generate significant amounts of air pollutants and waste water and would require pollution control equipment to treat the air pollutants and waste water to comply with the permissible limits. General industry could pose potential nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.
7.2
There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between the general industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.
7.3
There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between the boundaries of any food industry premises and general industry premises and vice-versa. Where required by the relevant authorities, risk assessments should be conducted by competent independent assessors to ensure the activities of a general industry do not pose any contamination risk to the food industries nearby.
7.4
Annex C lists some examples of general industry.
7.5 Food industries that may give rise to any emissions, such as odour, fumes, steam, shall be sited in food zones or in private land developments designated or approved by the relevant authorities. 7.6 Factories should install, operate and maintain pollution control equipment in order to minimise air, water and noise pollution arising from their operations in accordance to the EPMA and its regulations.
8
Special industry
8.1
Factories that can cause serious air and water pollution and will require pollution control equipment to treat the air pollutants and waste water to comply with the permissible limits. Special industry can also pose serious nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that will adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.
8.2
There should be a buffer distance of at least 500 m between the special industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.
8.3 There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between any food industry premises and special industry premises and vice-versa. Where required by the relevant authorities, risk assessments conducted by a competent independent assessors to ensure the activities of a special industry does not pose any contamination risk to any food industry nearby. 8.4
Annex D lists some examples of special industries. Special industry includes industries classified as scheduled premises and a list of scheduled premises is given in Annex E.
8.5
Special industries such as oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical manufacturing plants, toxic industrial wastes treatment facilities, should be sited at least 1 km from the industrial site boundary to the nearest residential building or from any food industries.
8.6
Where required by the relevant authorities, developers of special industries may be required to conduct the following studies. 11
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8.6.1
Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study
A QRA study should be carried out to: (a)
identify and quantify hazards and risks related to the transport, use and storage of hazardous chemicals;
(b)
determine impact zones due to accidents which could lead to fire, explosion or release of toxic gases (the impact zones should not extend to residential sites);
(c)
recommend measures to be incorporated in the design and operation of the plant to keep risks to a low level and to minimise the impact zones; and
(d)
facilitate the development of emergency response plans to deal with all credible accident scenarios.
8.6.2
Pollution control study
A pollution control study should be carried out to: (a)
identify sources of emission of air pollutants, discharge of trade effluent, generation of wastes and emission of noise; and
(b)
propose measures to reduce pollution and to mitigate adverse pollution impact on surrounding land use.
Section Four – Requirements to operate a factory 9
Use of industrial premises
The following guidelines and the Industrial Allocation (IA) from the relevant authority on the use of industrial premises should be complied with: (a)
the premises are sited in a designated industrial estate and is compatible with the surrounding land use;
(b)
clean technology is adopted to minimise the use of hazardous substances and the generation of wastes. The processes used will facilitate recycling, reuse and recovery of the wastes;
(c)
the use or storage of hazardous substances will not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards, and pollution problems;
(d)
the discharge of trade effluent and emission of air impurities should comply with discharge or emission standards as given in Annex H and Annex Q; and
(e)
the wastes generated can be safely managed and properly disposed of.
10
Trade effluent discharge into public sewer and watercourse
All wastewater generated from industrial/trade premises to be discharged into a public sewer shall comply with the requirements of the statutory regulations and requirements of the relevant authority. All effluents that are prohibited to be discharged into a public sewer shall be collected and sent to approved treatment plants for disposal. No sewage or sullage water or water with other pollutants (listed in the SDA and the Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations) should be discharged into an open drain at all times. 12
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Section Five – Pollution control requirements Industrial and other developments should be designed and incorporated with pollution control facilities to reduce and control pollution so as to minimise any adverse pollution impact on surrounding developments.
11
Water pollution
11.1
General requirements
11.1.1 All wastewater are to be discharged into a public sewer unless a written waiver is granted by the relevant authority. All uncontaminated rainwater should be discharged into a watercourse or other collection medium with the approval of the relevant authorities. Contaminated rainwater should be collected and treated in compliance with the discharge limits stipulated in Annex H before discharge into a watercourse. 11.1.2 Trade effluent containing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) exceeding the allowable limits may be discharged into a public sewer with the approval of the relevant authority 11.1.3 Secondary containment facilities should be provided for storage tanks containing oils and chemicals to contain accidental release. The containment facility should be designed based on the volume of the largest storage tank. The occupier or owner shall take immediate mitigating measures to control and contain any accidental release, leakage or spillage from its premises and shall notify relevant authority immediately. The occupier or owner shall clean up any land, watercourses or other areas contaminated by such release, leakage or spillage. All wastes generated from the clean-up activities shall be treated and disposed of safely.
11.2
Specific requirements
11.2.1 Trade effluent treatment plant Industries which generate trade effluent that do not meet the allowable limits for discharge into public sewers or watercourses as specified in Annex H should install, operate and maintain a treatment plant to treat the effluent to comply with the allowable limits. A separate effluent drain line should be provided to collect and convey trade effluent generated into a sampling sump before discharge into a public sewer. A schematic drawing of the sampling sump is given in Annex I. The trade effluent treatment plant should be designed and provided with spill containment facilities to channel any spill back to the treatment plant. For a trade effluent treatment plant which includes neutralisation, a pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system should be provided in the last inspection chamber of the premises before discharge into a public sewer. The details of the monitoring and control system shall be approved by the authority. Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory are given in Annex J. A schematic drawing of the monitoring and control system is given in Annex K. Diluting trade effluent with potable water, rainwater or industrial water to comply with the allowable limits is not allowed.
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11.2.2 Cooling tower The overflow/drain-off of a cooling tower should be discharged into a public sewer or any other approved means acceptable to the authority. 11.2.3 Boiler Wastewater from boiler blow down should be cooled to below 45°C before discharge into a public sewer or any other approved means acceptable to the authority. 11.2.4 Chemical/oil bulk storage tanks A full containment facility, including provision of paved area, geo-synthetic liners or any other approved means of ground protection should be provided for underground or above-ground bulk storage tanks, including skid tanks. The capacity of the containment facility should not be less than the capacity of the largest tank. For a secondary containment facility that is fully enclosed, a leak detection system with an alarm device should be provided within the facility. A leak test should be conducted before the tank is put into use. The leak test should conform to the guidelines given in Annex L. A contingency plan should be developed and put in place to deal with leaks. The contingency plan should meet the requirements given in Annex M. For an elevated storage tank, the secondary containment facility should be provided with measures to contain a shooting jet of chemical/oil released through a rupture in the tank. For a secondary containment facility exposed to the weather, it should be provided with a system to discharge rainwater collected in the facility. The discharge system should be designed and operated to allow only rainwater to be discharged. If the rainwater is contaminated, it has to be treated before discharge into a watercourse. The connection point for a filling pipe of a bulk storage tank should be provided with measures to contain spillage. 11.2.5 Chemical warehouses/storages A chemical/oil store is to be provided with facilities to contain any leak and spillage. Such an area should not have any outlet/opening leading to a storm water drain or a public sewer. All leaks and spillage are to be collected for proper treatment or disposal as toxic industrial wastes. Separate fire compartments are to be provided for the storage of substances that can react dangerously with one another. Substances in the same hazard categories may be stored together as long as the compartment is protected against the most hazardous substance. The guidelines for storage of hazardous substances are given in Annex N. Companies which store large quantities of hazardous substances, i.e. at any one time in excess of 100 MT in total quantity or 20 MT of IMDG Class 6 (Toxic) hazardous substances in total quantity should provide a retention basin for contaminated fire-fighting water. The capacity of the retention basin depends on whether a fire compartment is provided with automatic fire extinguishing system such as water sprinklers. A smaller retention basin may be provided if an automatic fire extinguishing system is installed. The recommended volume of the retention basin for contaminated fire-fighting water is given in Annex O. The floor of the chemical warehouse should be coated with a layer of chemical-resistant material.
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11.2.6 Laboratory All wastewater from laboratories should be discharged into a public sewer. Wastewater generated from a chemical analysis laboratory should be discharged into a sewer via a balancing tank, also known as a dilution tank. A schematic drawing of the balancing/dilution tank is shown in Annex P. If there is more than one chemical analysis laboratory, a common balancing tank may be provided to serve the laboratories. The wastewater from the laboratories may also be discharged into a trade effluent treatment plant if one is provided. 11.2.7 Aquacultural farm Trade effluent generated from land based aquacultural farms needs to be treated to comply with the allowable limits before it is discharged into a public sewer. Where a public sewer is not available, it has to be collected, pre-treated and disposed of at water reclamation plants approved by or treated to comply with the allowable limits for discharge into a watercourse with the prior written approval from the proper authorities. Sludge, if generated, should be stabilised, dewatered and disposed of as solid waste. 11.2.8 Livestock farm Livestock should not to be reared in the open. Properly covered sheds should be erected and provided with odour control facilities for the rearing of livestock. Trade effluent generated ought to be collected and treated to comply with the allowable discharge limits before discharge into a public sewer or watercourse, where a public sewer is not available. Animal wastes and sludge generated from wastewater treatment should be stabilised, dewatered and disposed of as solid waste. Poultry wastes may be collected for disposal as solid wastes. The wastes should be stored inside a storage shed with a containment facility provided with odour control measures to mitigate smell nuisance. 11.2.9 Horticultural farm and golf course Pesticides and fertilisers that are approved by authority should be used. In addition for use of pesticides and fertilisers within water catchments, the approval of relevant authority is required. Pesticides and fertilisers should be applied strictly in accordance with the guidelines of the manufacturers or distributors to prevent pollution of surface water.
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Air pollution
12.1
Waste wood, timber and other combustible wastes are not to be disposed of by open fire.
12.2
Trade and industrial premises which carry out activities that can generate air impurities are required to install, operate and maintain air pollution control equipment properly and efficiently. The pollution control equipment has to be designed to comply with the allowable emission standards. The emission of air impurities shall comply with the requirements of the EPMA and its Regulations. Exhaust from the pollution control equipment is to be emitted into the atmosphere through a discharge stack approved by the authority to ensure safe dispersion.
12.3 Fuel burning equipment should be efficiently operated and maintained. The fuel burning equipment should use fuel (e.g. natural gas, town gas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), and/or diesel with sulphur content) approved by the relevant authority. Gaseous fuel is to be used in fuel burning 15
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equipment installed in premises that are sited within 100 m of any residential/naturally ventilated buildings with live-in facilities such as old aged homes, hostels, etc.
12.4
A chimney of an approved height should be provided for safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment. The design height of the chimney shall be computed based on the mass rate of fuel burnt to determine the sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission from the fuel burning equipment, and take into account the height of buildings in the vicinity. The design chimney height computed from the SO2 emission calculation shall not be lower than 3 m above roof level of all factory buildings in the vicinity (refer to Figure 1 for distance criteria) or 15 m measured from ground level, whichever is higher.
12.5
Monitoring equipment is to be provided at discharge stacks and chimneys to monitor air impurities emitted in order to ensure that the emissions comply with the air emission limits. The monitoring equipment is to be installed in accordance with the technical specifications of the equipment supplier to give accurate readings. For scheduled premises, in-stack continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) or an alternative monitoring system for emission control approved by the authority shall be provided at discharge stacks and chimneys operating fuel burning equipment to monitor air impurities emitted. The parameters to be monitored (for example smoke, particulate matter, mercury, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature and flue gas flow rate) shall comply with the relevant authority’s requirements. The continuous monitoring system shall be designed to relay the emission data to the relevant authority’s central monitoring system in real time. Sampling ports shall be provided for calibration of CEMS or for manual installation of portable sampling equipment. The ports shall be accessible.
12.6 The design and installation of any flare system for safe disposal of hydrocarbon gases shall be cleared with the relevant authority before it is submitted for approval at the development’s planning stage. Standard operating procedures (SOP) on minimising flaring duration and operational feasibility of shutting down the specific process unit which feeds the flare system should be established. A monitoring device (e.g. CCTV with recording functions) shall be installed as approved by the relevant authority. 12.7
Special waste incinerators for toxic industrial wastes are to be designed and operated to comply with emission standards specified in Annex R.
13
Noise pollution
13.1
General requirements
13.1.1 All practical noise abatement measures should be adopted to comply with the allowable boundary noise levels specified in the Environmental Protection and Management (Boundary Noise Limits for Factory Premises) Regulations. For non-industrial buildings, the Guidelines on Boundary Noise Limits for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Non-Industrial Buildings could be adopted. Please refer to relevant authority’s website for a copy of the said Guidelines. 13.1.2 Mechanical equipment such as air compressors, chillers, cooling towers, air-conditioners, exhaust fans of mechanical ventilation system, etc should be sited as far away as practical from noisesensitive developments such as healthcare and educational institutions, aged homes, etc and residential buildings and the facing of the exhaust outlets should be in accordance with SS 553. Mechanical equipment of low sound power should be used wherever possible. Noise abatement measures such as acoustic screen walls, noise barriers, soundproof enclosures, etc could be provided to comply with the allowable boundary noise levels. 13.1.3 For new developments, the developer or Qualified Person is advised to carry out a site survey to assess the existing sources of noise pollution in the vicinity which could pose noise nuisance impact. Noise abatement measures should be factored into the building design in order to mitigate the nuisance impact. Acoustic consultants may be engaged for this purpose. 16
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Stack
Minimum 15m
Proposed Factory
3m Stack
Proposed Factory xm
Tallest Building
Note: • For non-scheduled boilers (≤ 2300 kg/h of steam generated), x ≤ 30 m. • For scheduled boilers (> 2300 kg/h of steam generated), x ≤ 100 m.
Figure 1 – Chimney height for the safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment
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13.2
Specific requirements
13.2.1 Residential development near expressway Adequate setback in compliance with the relevant authority’s guideline should be maintained between residential buildings and major arterial roads/expressways to minimise the impact of traffic noise. In addition, non-noise sensitive buildings/structures, such as car parks, driveways, electrical substations, etc, should be sited within the setback in order to minimise the impact of traffic noise on the residents. 13.2.2 Residential development near petrol stations or places of worship Residential development located near petrol stations or places of worship should either provide adequate separation buffer or incorporate passive abatement measures in order to mitigate any nuisance due to odour, noise, fumes, smoke, etc. The separation buffer could be utilised for nonsensitive structures such as car parks, electrical substations, etc. 13.2.3 Residential/noise sensitive developments near Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) tracks/stations Residential or noise sensitive development near MRT tracks/stations should provide the minimum building setbacks as set out below. Table 1 – Building setbacks for residential developments near MRT tracks Orientation of building
Minimum building setback (m)
Fronting track
35
End-wall facing track
25
In addition, the building design shall incorporate noise abatement measures in order to mitigate noise impacts from the MRT operation. 13.2.4 Residential developments near to heavy vehicle park Residential development located near heavy vehicle park should be provided with a 100m buffer in order to mitigate any nuisance impacts due to noise, fumes, etc.
Section Six – Hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes control requirements 14
Hazardous substances
14.1
Companies that import, export, sell, store, use or transport hazardous substances should comply with the requirements of the relevant authority. Preventive measures should be taken to minimise accidental release of hazardous substances into the environment and emergency response plans put in place to deal with all credible accident scenarios of release of hazardous substances.
The preventive measures include: (a)
Containers constructed and inspected in accordance with internationally acceptable standards are used for the storage of hazardous substances and affixed with approved labels;
(b)
Storage areas are equipped with containment as well as disposal facilities to deal with accidental release of hazardous substances; 18
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(c)
Route and time are specified for the transportation of hazardous substances exceeding specified quantities;
(d)
Drivers of road tankers and tankers carrying hazardous substances are required to undergo a special training course on safety requirements and precautions, first aid and fire fighting;
(e)
The owner or consignor of any consignment of any hazardous substance should notify the relevant authorities immediately of any accidental release, leakage or spill of hazardous substances during transport; and
(f)
The owner or consignor is to ensure immediate mitigating measures are taken to control and contain the release, leakage or spill and clean up of any affected land, drain or watercourses. All wastes generated should be treated and disposed of safely.
14.2
Companies that are licensed to store and use hazardous substances may be required to carry out safety audits to systematically identify and rectify weaknesses in their management systems and practices for handling hazardous substances on a regular basis.
15
Toxic industrial waste
15.1 Industries are to engage licensed toxic industrial waste collectors to collect their toxic industrial wastes for safe treatment and disposal. Alternatively, industries could install in-house treatment facilities to recycle and reuse their toxic industrial waste or treat it for safe disposal. 15.2
Toxic industrial wastes are controlled by the Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations. The collection, treatment and disposal of toxic industrial wastes shall comply with the relevant authority’s requirement.
15.3
Toxic industrial wastes should be stored in standard containers made of material suitable for the relevant chemical(s). A suitable location should be set aside specially for storage of toxic industrial wastes and marked prominently with standard hazard warning signs.
15.4
Toxic industrial wastes should be stored taking into account their properties and compatibility to prevent reactions during storage. Incompatible toxic industrial wastes should not be mixed in the same container. Separate secondary containment facilities should be provided for each incompatible liquid toxic industrial waste.
15.5 Pathogenic wastes from hospitals, healthcare and research institutions, clinics and laboratories should be segregated from chemical wastes and general wastes. Pathogenic wastes should be placed in a secured final storage area prior to collection by a biohazardous waste collector licensed by the authority. No compaction of pathogenic wastes is allowed. 15.6
All toxic industrial wastes are to be collected, treated and disposed of in compliance with the stipulated standards. The operators are required to maintain a proper record of collection, treatment and disposal of toxic industrial wastes. Toxic industrial waste disposal facilities storing toxic industrial wastes exceeding 100 MT for all toxic industrial wastes and/or 20 MT of IMDG Class 6 toxic industrial wastes should provide retention basin(s) for contaminated fire-fighting water.
15.7
Solid residues disposal such as sludge from wastewater treatment facilities and fly ash from waste incinerators may contain toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. Such wastes have to be treated to comply with leachate test standards before disposal at a landfill site approved by the relevant authority.
15.8 More information on hazardous waste management is available in SS CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management. 19
SS 593 : 2013
Section Seven – Control of land pollution and remediation of contaminated sites When a site that is used for polluting activities is to be redeveloped, rezoned or reused for a nonpolluting activity, a study should be conducted on the site to assess extent of land contamination. If the site assessment study shows that the site is contaminated, the site needs to be cleaned up to comply with the authority’s requirements.
16
Polluting activities
A site assessment, in addition to other relevant statutory requirements, is required to be carried out for the list of polluting activities specified in Annex S.
17
Site assessment study and clean-up of contaminated sites
17.1
When a site used for a polluting activity is to be leased, transferred or sold to another party for the same or other polluting activities, a site assessment study should be conducted to allow parties involved to ascertain the extent of contamination, if any.
When a site is to be developed for a polluting activity, it is recommended that a site assessment study be conducted to establish the baseline soil conditions for future assessment of land contamination.
17.2 A report of the site assessment study and clean-up plan should include the following information: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j)
Site location and boundaries; Site ownership; Party responsible for assessment and management, if not owner; Soil consultant’s expertise; Proposed use of site; History of site - activities of previous owners; Site assessment standard/methodology adopted; Site inspection and evidence of possible contamination; Initial testing - sampling protocol, locations, laboratory used; and Results of soil and groundwater analysis (if applicable);
18
Remediation of contaminated sites
The contaminated sites shall be cleaned according to relevant standards (referred to in Annex T) acceptable to the authority.
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Annex A
(normative)
List of clean industries 1)
Software design and development;
2)
Product/prototype design, industrial and engineering design;
3)
Fashion designing;
4)
Assembly and repair of computer hardware, audio-visual equipment, and other communication/electronic equipment, apparatus and parts. Spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations are excluded though minor soldering is allowed;
5)
Information Technology (IT) technical support/maintenance centres;
6)
Assembly and repair of office, computing and accounting machinery (not involving spraypainting, electroplating or galvanising operations);
7)
Assembly and repair of electrical appliances and housewares without the use of powertools. Spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations are excluded though minor soldering is allowed;
8)
Assembly and repair of photographic and optical goods (not involving spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations);
9)
Manufacture and repair of watches and clocks (not involving spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations);
10)
Manufacture of paper products without printing and gluing activities, and use of boiler;
11)
Manufacture of professional, scientific, measuring and controlling equipment (not involving the use of chemicals); and
12)
International specialist and engineering consultancy services.
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Annex B
(normative)
List of light industries 1)
Packing of dried foodstuff, blending of food ingredients, bottling of syrups/cordial juice;
2)
Research & Development not more than 100kg of non-toxic chemicals in total;
3)
Biotechnology that does not generate smell or fume;
4)
Manufacture of made-up textile goods (except wearing apparel) without dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;
5)
Knitting mills without dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;
6)
Manufacture of carpets and rugs without dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing products;
7)
Manufacture of wearing apparel (except footwear) without dyeing and/or bleaching operations;
8)
Manufacture of polyethylene products (not involving printing operation);
9)
Manufacture of footwear, except for those made of plastic or vulcanised/moulded rubber;
10)
Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes, except footwear and wearing apparel;
11)
Printing, publishing and allied industries;
12)
Mould-making without metal stamping, etching or electroplating;
13)
Manufacture of plastic products, not elsewhere classified;
14)
Manufacture of containers and boxes of paperboard;
15)
Manufacture of paper products, involving printing activities without pulping works or bleaching operations;
16)
Servicing and refilling of fire extinguishers;
17)
Science parks, involving small quantities of non-toxic chemicals; and
18)
Packing and bottling of medicated oil.
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Annex C
(normative)
List of general industries Food industries 1)
Manufacture of food products (factories not having scheduled boilers). Food processing factories such as food catering and confectioneries which generate wastewater containing high concentration of oil and grease should be sited in units which are served by a separate sanitary plumbing system connected to a grease trap.
2)
Blending of flavours and fragrances; and
3)
Packing and bottling of medicinal herbs.
Non-food industries Such industries may be located near food industries only if a buffer distance of at least 100 m is provided between boundaries of the buildings of the food industry and the general industry: 1)
Manufacture of jewellery and related articles - very small-scale jewellery electroforming operations could be allowed in flatted factories that are used for light industries;
2)
Manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies, not elsewhere classified;
3)
Manufacture of professional, scientific, measuring and controlling equipment, not elsewhere classified;
4)
Manufacture of musical instruments;
5)
Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods (excluding woodworking or electroplating operations);
6)
Manufacture of emergency lighting and power supply systems;
7)
Biotechnology that generate smell or fume;
8)
Manufacture of made-up textile goods, with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;
9)
Manufacture of textiles, not elsewhere classified;
10)
Knitting mills with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;
11)
Manufacture of carpets and rugs with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;
12)
Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, excluding metal furniture;
13)
Manufacture of wooden and cane containers and small cane wares excluding bleaching of cane;
14)
Manufacture of wood and cork products, not elsewhere classified;
15)
Cordage, rope and twine industries;
16)
Manufacture of metal drums and containers;
17)
Manufacture of metallic components using powder metallurgy methods;
18)
Manufacture of other metallic products involving metal stamping, wire drawing and spring coiling; 23
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19)
Manufacture of dry cells and batteries, excluding metal electrodes;
20)
Cutting, grinding and polishing of marble and ceramic tiles;
21)
Manufacturing industries, otherwise classified as clean or light industries, with spray-painting operations;
22)
Vehicle repair and servicing;
23)
Repair and maintenance of engines, motors and mechanical pumps;
24)
Industrial laundry services without scheduled boilers;
25)
Filling/bottling of inert industrial gases such as nitrogen, helium and argon;
26)
Storage of chemicals, detergents, oils, solvents, pesticides and related products;
27)
Storage of rubber products and other odorous products;
28)
Manufacturing industries, not elsewhere classified;
29)
Manufacturing of joss sticks;
30)
Warehouses storing general goods and non-hazardous substances/chemicals;
31)
Warehousing activities and storage of finished products such as furniture, electric appliances, garments, canned food and beverages etc;
32)
Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware;
33)
Blending of detergents and cleaning preparations, perfumes, hair care products, cosmetics and other toilet preparations;
34)
Manufacture of aluminium window frames and grills from aluminium extrusions without spray painting operations;
35)
Jigs, fixtures and mould making activities;
36)
Storing, sorting and recycling of plastic materials, metal scraps, horticultural waste, etc; and
37)
Diagnostics laboratories and referral laboratories.
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Annex D
(normative)
List of special industries Food industries 1)
Slaughtering of livestock, poultry and the likes;
2)
Manufacture of dairy products;
3)
Canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables;
4)
Canning, preserving and processing of fish, crustaceans and similar food;
5)
Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats;
6)
Grain mill products;
7)
Sugar factories and refineries; and
8)
Manufacture of alcoholic products.
Non-food industries 1)
Manufacture of prepared animal feed;
2)
Manufacture of drugs and medicines;
3)
Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers;
4)
Other manufacturing industries involving the use of large quantities of organic solvents;
5)
Assembly of computer hardware, audio-visual equipment, and other communication/ electronic equipment, apparatus and parts involving electroplating;
6)
Assembly of office, computing and accounting machinery involving electroplating or galvanizing operations;
7)
Assembly of electrical appliances and housewares involving electroplating or galvanising operations;
8)
Assembly of photographic and optical goods involving electroplating or galvanising operations;
9)
Manufacture of watches and clocks involving electroplating or galvanising operations;
10)
Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods involving woodworking or electroplating operations;
11)
Other manufacturing industries with electroplating or galvanising operations;
12)
Manufacture of furniture and fixtures that are primarily made of metal;
13)
Manufacture of rubber or polyurethane foam;
14)
Iron and steel basic industries;
15)
Manufacture of structural steel products;
16)
Non-ferrous metal basic industries;
17)
Metal-refining industries, including recovery of precious metals;
18)
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment, not elsewhere classified;
19)
Manufacture of engines and turbines;
20)
Manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment; 25
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21)
Machining of metal and woodworking machinery;
22)
Manufacture of special industrial machinery and equipment, except metal and woodworking machinery;
23)
Manufacture of machinery and equipment, except electrical, not elsewhere classified;
24)
Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus;
25)
Tanneries and leather finishing;
26)
Dressing and dyeing industries;
27)
Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles;
28)
Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard including bleaching operations;
29)
Sawmills and planing mills;
30)
Other woodworking industries, not elsewhere classified;
31)
Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals, except fertilisers;
32)
Manufacture of fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides;
33)
Manufacture of soaps and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other toilet preparations (except those without chemical reactions);
34)
Petroleum refineries;
35)
Manufacture of synthetic resins, plastic materials and man-made fibres and foams, except those made of glass;
36)
Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal;
37)
Manufacture of chemical products, not elsewhere classified;
38)
Processing of waste oils and waste chemicals;
39)
Processing of food wastes, including composting plant;
40)
Bulk storage of hazardous substances;
41)
Tyre and tube industries;
42)
Manufacture of rubber products, not elsewhere classified;
43)
Manufacture of pottery, china and earthen ware;
44)
Manufacture of glass and glass products;
45)
Manufacture of structural clay products;
46)
Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster;
47)
Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not elsewhere classified;
48)
Industries using radioactive materials;
49)
Shipbuilding and repairing;
50)
Manufacture of railroad equipment;
51)
Manufacture of motor vehicles;
52)
Manufacture of motorcycles and bicycles;
53)
Manufacture of aircrafts;
54)
Manufacture of transport equipment, not elsewhere classified;
55)
Any other industrial premises classified as scheduled premises; and
56)
Chemical warehouses handling hazardous substances. 26
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Annex E
(normative)
List of scheduled premises NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) for the current list of scheduled premises.
Premises 1)
Cement works, being works for the manufacture or packing of portland cement, similar cement or pozzolanic materials;
2)
Concrete works, being works for the manufacture of concrete, with each batch capacity greater than 0.5 cubic metre;
3)
Asphalt works, being works for the manufacture of asphalt or tarmacadam;
4)
Ceramic works, being works in which any products such as bricks, tiles, pipes, pottery goods, refractories or glass are manufactured in furnaces or kilns fired by any fuel;
5)
Chemical works, being works in which acids, alkali, chemical fertiliser, soap, detergent, sodium silicates, lime or other calcium compounds, chlorine, chemicals or chemical products are manufactured;
6)
Coke or charcoal works, being works in which coke or charcoal is produced and quenched, cut, crushed or graded;
7)
Ferrous and non-ferrous metal works, being works in which metal melting process for casting and/or metal coating are carried out;
8)
Gas works, being works in which coal, coke, oil or other mixtures or derivatives are handled or prepared for carbonisation or gasification and in which such materials are subsequently carbonised or gasified;
9)
Crushing, grinding and milling works, being works in which rock, ores, minerals, chemicals or natural grain products are processed by crushing, grinding, milling or separating into different sizes by sieving, air elutriation or in any other manner;
10)
Petroleum works, being works in which crude or shale oil or crude petroleum or other mineral oils are refined or reconditioned;
11)
Scrap metal recovery works, being works in which scrap metals are treated in any type of furnace for recovery of metal irrespective of whether or not this is the primary object of any specific premises;
12)
Primary metallurgical works, being works in which ores are smelted or converted to metal of any kind;
13)
Pulping works, being works in which wood or cellulose material is made into pulp; and
14)
Abrasive blasting works, being works in which equipment or structures are cleaned by abrasive blasting.
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Premises with boilers On which is erected any boiler of steam generating capacity of at least 2,300 kg/h, incinerator or furnace burning 500 kg or more of solid combustible material per hour or 220 kg or more of liquid material per hour.
Premises used for the storage of chemicals Being used or intended to be used for storing — 1)
More than 100 tons of one or more of the following substances: chemicals, chemical products, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon products which are toxic or which produce toxic gases on burning or on contact with water or air; or
2)
More than 1,000 tons of one or more of the following substances: chemicals, chemical products, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon products with a flashpoint lower than 55°C.
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Annex F
(normative)
List of hazardous substances as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection Management Act (EPMA) for the current list of hazardous substances
F.1
Hazardous substances Substance
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
1,2-dibromoethane (EDB) Acetic acid
Substances containing not more than 80%, weight in weight, of acetic acid; Preparations and solutions for photographic use.
Acetyl bromide Allyl isothiocyanate Alkali metal bifluorides; Ammonium bifluoride; Potassium fluoride; Sodium fluoride; Potassium silicofluoride; Sodium silicofluoride; Silicofluoric acid
Preparations containing not more than 0.3%, weight in weight, of potassium fluoride in radiator protectors; Preparations containing not more than 0.96%, weight in weight, of potassium fluoride in photographic chemicals; Substances containing not more than 3%, weight in weight, of sodium fluoride or sodium silicofluoride as a preservative;
Ammonia
Substances containing sodium fluoride intended for the treatment of human ailments. Preparations and solutions of ammonia containing not more than 10%, weight in weight, of ammonia; Refrigeration equipment; Photographic and plan developers; Hair colour dyes; Perm lotions; Smelling bottles.
Ammonium chlorate Anionic surface active agents
Antimony pentachloride Antimony trihydride
Preparations containing less than 5% by weight of anionic surface active agents; Preparations containing anionic surface active agents which are not less than 90% biodegradable under a test carried out in accordance with that part of the OECD method which is referred to as Confirmatory Test Procedure in European Communities Council Directive No. 73/405/EEC (C) or other equivalent test methods acceptable to the Director. Polishes
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Substance
Arsenical substances, the following: Arsenic acid Arsenic sulphide Arsenic trichloride Arsine Calcium arsenite Copper arsenate Copper arsenite Lead arsenate Organic compounds of arsenic Oxides of arsenic Potassium arsenite Sodium arsenate Sodium arsenite Sodium thioarsenate Asbestos in the form of crocidolite, actinolite, anthophyllite, amosite, tremolite, chrysotile and amphiboles and products containing these forms of asbestos Boric acid; Sodium borate
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
Pyrites ores or sulphuric acid containing arsenical poisons as natural impurities; Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.005%, weight in weight, of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-arsonic acid and not containing any other arsenical poison; Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.01%, weight in weight, of arsanilic acid and not containing any other arsenical poison; Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.0375%, weight in weight, of carbarsone and not containing any other arsenical poison.
Asbestos in the form of chrysotile in any vehicle brake or clutch st lining installed in any vehicle registered before 1 April 1995.
Boric acid or sodium borate in medicinal preparations, cosmetics, toilet preparations and substances being preparations intended for human consumption; Preparations containing boric acid or sodium borate or a combination of both where water or solvent is not the only other part of the composition.
Boron tribromide Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Bromine; Bromine solutions Cadmium-containing silver brazing alloy Captafol Carbamates
Benomyl; Carbendazim; Chlorpropham; Propham; Thiophanate-methyl; Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of propoxur and not containing any other carbamate;
Carbon monoxide
Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of methomyl and not containing any other carbamate. Gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide weighing less than 1 metric tonne; Gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide as by-products from combustion activities.
Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorinated hydrocarbons, the following: Aldrin Benzene hexachloride (BHC) Bromocyclen Camphechlor Chlorbenside
Paper impregnated with not more than 0.3%, weight in weight, of benzene hexachloride or gamma - BHC provided it is labelled with directions that no food, wrapped or unwrapped, or food utensils are to be placed on the treated paper, and that it is not to be used where food is prepared or served.
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Substance
Hazardous substances
Chlorbicyclen Chlordane Chlordecone Chlordimeform Chlorfenethol Chlorfenson Chlorfensulphide Chlorobenzilate Chloropropylate Dicophane (DDT) pp'-DDT Dicofol Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Fenazaflor Fenson Fluorbenzide Gamma benzene hexachloride (Gamma - BHC), also known as lindane HCH (mixed isomers) HEOD [1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a- octahydro-1, 4 (exo): 5,8 (endo)-dimethano naphthalene]
Exclusion
HHDN [1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4 (exo):5,8 (endo)-dimethano naphthalene] Heptachlor Hexachloroethane Isobenzan Isodrin Kelevan Methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di-(pmethoxyphenyl) ethane] Mirex Tetrachlordiphenylethane [TDE; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (pchlorophenyl) ethane] Tetradifon Tetrasul Toxaphene Allied chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds used as pesticides (insecticides, acaricides, etc.) Chlorine Chlorine trifluoride Chlorobenzenes, the following:
Chlorine used for chlorination of water in swimming pools
Monochlorobenzene Meta-dichlorobenzene Ortho-dichlorobenzene Trichlorobenzene Tetrachlorobenzene Pentachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene
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Substance
Chlorophenols, the following: Monochlorophenol Dichlorophenol Trichlorophenol Tetrachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters Chlorophenoxyacids; their salts, esters, amines, which include but are not limited to -
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
Substances containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of chlorophenols.
2,4,5-T and its salts and esters Chloropicrin Chlorosilanes, the following: Hexachlorodisilane Phenyltrichlorosilane Tetrachlorosilane Chlorosulphonic acid Chromic acid
Cyanides
Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of chromic acid; Photographic solutions containing chromic acid in individual containers containing not more than 15 kilograms each of such solutions and of aggregate weight of not more than 500 kilograms of such solutions. Ferrocyanides; Ferricyanides; Acetonitrile; Acrylonitrile; Butyronitrile; 2-Dimethylaminoacetonitrile; Isobutyronitrile; Methacrylonitrile; Propionitrile.
Diborane Dibromochloropropane Diethyl sulphate Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC)and its salts (such as ammonium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt) Dinosam; its compounds with a metal or a base Dinoseb and its salts and esters, which includes but is not limited to Binapacryl Diquat; its salts Drazoxolon; its salts Dustable powder formulations containing a combination of –
Dressings on seeds.
Benomyl at or above 7 percent, carbofuran at above 10 percent, thiram at or above 15 percent.
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Substance
Hazardous substances
Endothal; its salts Epichlorohydrin Ethyl mercaptan
Ethylene dichloride Ethylene imine Ethylene oxide
Ferric chloride Fipronil Fluorine Fluoroacetamide Formaldehyde
Formic acid Germane Hydrazine anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solutions Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide; Hydrocyanic acid
Exclusion
Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of ethyl mercaptan
Mixtures of inert gases and ethylene oxide comprising not more than 12%, weight in weight, of ethylene oxide contained in cylinders of water capacity less than 47 litres and for aggregate of not more than 3 numbers of such cylinders. Formulated products containing Fipronil approved for household use and belonging to the WHO class IV hazards.
Substances containing not more than 5%, weight in weight, of formaldehyde; Photographic glazing or hardening solutions. Substances containing not more than 5%, weight in weight, of formic acid.
Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of hydrochloric acid. Preparations or solutions containing not more than 2%, weight in weight, of hydrofluoric acid. Preparations of wild cherry; In reagent kits supplied for medical or veterinary purposes, substances containing less than the equivalent of 0.1%, weight in weight, of hydrocyanic acid.
Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide Isocyanates
Polyisocyanates containing less than 0.7%, weight in weight, of free monomeric diisocyanates; Pre-polymerised isocyanates in polyurethane paints and lacquers;
Lead compounds in paint
Hardeners and bonding agents for immediate use in adhesives. Lead compounds in paint in which the lead content is not more than 0.06% by weight of the paint; Lead compounds in paint in which the container is affixed with an appropriate label. The labels to be used for paints containing lead compounds are in accordance with Part IV of the Second Schedule.
Lead tetra-ethyl and similar lead containing compounds in petrol intended for use in Singapore as fuel for motor vehicles Mercury compounds including inorganic mercury compounds, alkyl mercury compounds, alkyloxyalkyl and
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Substance
aryl mercury compounds, and other organic compounds of mercury Mercury and its compounds in batteries
Mercury in fluorescent lamps (primarily for lighting purposes) Metanil yellow (sodium salt of metanilylazo-diphenylamine) Methyl chloride Methyl mercaptan
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
Batteries other than mercury oxide batteries, zinc carbon batteries containing more than 0.001% by weight of mercury per cell and alkaline batteries, except those in button form, containing more than 0.025% by weight of mercury per cell. Compact fluorescent lamps containing mercury not exceeding 5 mg; Linear or circular fluorescent lamps containing mercury not exceeding 10 mg. Dye-indicators used in laboratories.
Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of methyl mercaptan.
Monomethyltetrachloro diphenyl methane Monomethyl-dichloro-diphenyl methane Monomethyl-dibromodiphenyl methane Neonicotinoid compounds used as pesticides, the following : Imidacloprid Niclofolan Nicotine sulphate Nitric acid Nitric oxide Nitrobenzene
Formulated products containing Imidacloprid approved household use and belonging to the WHO class IV hazards.
for
Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of nitric acid. Substances containing less than 0.1%, weight in weight, of nitrobenzene; Soaps containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of nitrobenzene; Polishes and cleansing agents.
Nitrogen trifluoride Ozone depleting substances, namely:
Products containing any ozone depleting substance other than the following products:
(a) Chlorofluorocarbons, the following:
(a)
in the case of chlorofluorocarbons
Chloroheptafluoropropane Chloropentafluoroethane Chlorotrifluoromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichlorohexafluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Heptachlorofluoropropane Hexachlorodifluoropropane Pentachlorofluoroethane Pentachlorotrifluoropropane Tetrachlorodifluoroethane Tetrachlorotetrafluoropropane Trichlorofluoromethane Trichloropentafluoropropane Trichlorotrifluoroethane
(i)
air-conditioners in vehicles registered on or after 1 January 1995 or intended for such vehicles;
(ii)
equipment for domestic or commercial refrigeration or air st conditioning installed on or after 1 January 1993, or heat pump equipment, which contains any chlorofluorocarbon substance as a refrigerant or in any insulating material of such equipment;
(iii)
refrigerators that have a compressor rating which exceeds one horsepower;
(iv)
non-pharmaceutical aerosol products;
(v)
insulation boards, panels or pipe covers;
34
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Substance
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
(b) Halons, the following:
(vi)
polystyrene sheets or finished products;
Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromochloromethane Bromotrifluoromethane Dibromotetrafluoroethane
(b)
in the case of Halons, portable fire extinguishers; and
(c)
in the case of bromotrifluoromethane, fire protection th systems with building plans approved after 17 June 1991 st and installed after 31 December 1991.
(c) Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, the following: 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoro-ethane 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3pentafluoropropane 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3pentafluoropropane 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethane Chlorodifluoroethane Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorodifluoropropane Chlorofluoroethane Chlorofluoromethane Chlorofluoropropane Chlorohexafluoropropane Chloropentafluoropropane Chlorotetrafluoroethane Chlorotetrafluoropropane Chlorotrifluoroethane Chlorotrifluoropropane Dichlorodifluoroethane Dichlorodifluoropropane Dichlorofluoroethane Dichlorofluoromethane Dichlorofluoropropane Dichloropentafluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoropropane Dichlorotrifluoroethane Dichlorotrifluoropropane Hexachlorofluoropropane Pentachlorodifluoropropane Pentachlorofluoropropane Tetrachlorodifluoropropane Tetrachlorofluoroethane Tetrachlorofluoropropane Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane Trichlorodifluoroethane Trichlorodifluoropropane Trichlorofluoroethane Trichlorofluoropropane Trichlorotetrafluoropropane Trichlorotrifluoropropane (d) Hydrobromofluorocarbons, the following: Bromodifluoroethane Bromodifluoromethane Bromodifluoropropane Bromofluoroethane Bromofluoromethane Bromofluoropropane Bromohexafluoropropane
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Substance
Hazardous substances
Bromopentafluoropropane Bromotetrafluoroethane Bromotetrafluoropropane Bromotrifluoroethane Bromotrifluoropropane Dibromodifluoroethane Dibromodifluoropropane Dibromofluoroethane Dibromofluoromethane Dibromofluoropropane Dibromopentafluoropropane Dibromotetrafluoropropane Dibromotrifluoroethane Dibromotrifluoropropane Hexabromofluoropropane Pentabromodifluoropropane Pentabromofluoropropane Tetrabromodifluoropropane Tetrabromofluoroethane Tetrabromofluoropropane Tetrabromotrifluoropropane Tribromodifluoroethane Tribromodifluoropropane Tribromofluoroethane Tribromofluoropropane Tribromotetrafluoropropane Tribromotrifluoropropane
Exclusion
(e) Carbon tetrachloride (f) 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) (g) Methyl bromide Oleum Orange II [sodium salt of p-(2-hydroxy-1- Dye-indicators used in laboratories naphthylazo) benzenesulphonic acid] Organic peroxides Car puttys; Substances and preparations containing not more than 3%, weight in weight, of organic peroxides; Solutions of not more than 60%, weight in weight, of methyl ethyl ketone peroxides and total aggregate weight of less than 50 kilograms of such solutions. Organo-tin compounds, the following: Compounds of fentin Cyhexatin Tributyl tin compounds Paraquat; its salts Perchloromethyl mercaptan
Preparation in pellet form containing not more than 5%, weight in weight, of salts of paraquat ion. Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of perchloromethyl mercaptan
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)
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Substance
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
Phenols, the following: Catechol
Preparations containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of phenols;
Cresol
Phenols which are intended for the treatment of human ailments and other medical purposes;
Hydroquinone Octyl phenol Phenol Resorcinol
Soaps for washing; Tar (coal or wood), crude or refined; Photographic solutions containing hydroquinone in individual containers containing not more than 15 kilograms each of such solutions and of aggregate weight of not more than 500 kilograms of such solutions.
Phosgene Phosphides Phosphine Phosphoric acid
Substances containing not more than 50%, weight in weight, of phosphoric acid. Phosphorus compounds used as Acephate; pesticides (insecticides, acaricides, etc.), Bromophos; which includes but is not limited to : Iodofenphos; Malathion; Methamidophos Pirimiphos-methyl; Methyl-parathion Temephos; Monocrotophos Tetrachlorvinphos; Parathion Trichlorfon; Phosphamidon Preparations containing not more than 0.5%, weight in weight, of chlorpyrifos and not containing any other phosphorus compound; Preparations containing not more than 0.5%, weight in weight, of dichlorvos and not containing any other phosphorus compound; Materials impregnated with dichlorvos and not containing any other phosphorus compound for slow release; Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of azamethiphos and not containing any other phosphorus compound. Phosphorus oxybromide Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus pentabromide Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus trichloride Polybrominated biphenyls Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the following : Penta-brominated diphenyl ether Octa-brominated diphenyl ether Deca-brominated diphenyl ether Polychlorinated biphenyls Polychlorinated terphenyls
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Substance
Potassium hydroxide
Hazardous substances
Exclusion
Substances containing not more than 17%, weight in weight, of potassium hydroxide; Accumulators; Batteries.
Prochloraz Pyrethroid compounds used as pesticides, the following : Fenvalerate Sodium azide Sodium hydroxide
Sulphur in diesel intended for use in Singapore as fuel for motor vehicles or industrial plants Sulphur tetrafluoride Sulphur trioxide Sulphuric acid
Formulated products containing Fenvalerate approved for household use and belonging to the WHO Class IV hazards. Air bag devices in motor vehicles. Substances containing not more than 17%, weight in weight, of sodium hydroxide; Made-up formulated preparations either liquid or solid for biochemical tests. Sulphur in diesel in which the sulphur content is 0.005% or less by weight.
Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of sulphuric acid; Accumulators; Batteries; Fire extinguishers; Photographic developers containing not more than 20%, weight in weight, of sulphuric acid.
Sulphuryl chloride Sulphuryl fluoride Tetraethyl lead, tetramethyl lead and similar lead containing compounds Thallium; its salts Titanium tetrachloride Tris (2, 3-dibromo-l-propyl) phosphate Tungsten hexafluoride
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F.2
General exemptions (from the list of hazardous substances under F.1)
Adhesives; Anti-fouling compositions; Anti-fouling compositions other than those containing tributyl tin compounds as defined in this List; Builders' materials other than those containing asbestos as defined in this List; Ceramics; Distempers; Electrical valves; Enamels; Explosives; Fillers; Fireworks; Glazes; Glue; Inks; Lacquer solvents; Loading materials; Matches; Motor fuels and lubricants except diesel oil and petrol; Paints other than paints containing mercury compounds, paints containing lead compounds and paints containing asbestos as defined in this List; Pharmaceutical aerosols Photographic paper; Pigments other than those containing tributyl tin compounds as defined in this List; Plastics; Propellants other than those containing ozone depleting substances; Rubber; Varnishes; Vascular plants and their seeds.
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Annex G
(normative)
List of toxic industrial wastes NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Wastes) Regulations for the current list of toxic industrial wastes
List of toxic industrial wastes Acids 1. Spent inorganic acids Eg. hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, boric acid and pickling acid 2. Spent organic acids Eg. acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid and sulphonic acid Alkalis 1. Spent alkaline solutions 2. Spent ammoniacal solutions 3. Metal hydroxide sludges and oxide sludges Antimony and its compounds 1. Spent antimony potassium tartrate Arsenic and its compounds 1. Timber preservative residues containing arsenic 2. Wastes containing gallium arsenide Asbestos 1. Asbestos wastes from asbestos/cement manufacturing processes 2. Empty sacks/bags which have contained loose asbestos fibre 3. Asbestos wastes generated from industrial activity, demolition, renovation and delagging works and ship repairing Cadmium and its compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing cadmium 2. Wastes containing cadmium from Ni/Cd battery manufacturing Chromium compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing chromium 2. Timber preservative residues containing chromium 3. Spent and aqueous solutions containing chromium compounds 4. Tannery effluents and residues containing chromium Copper compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing copper 2. Spent etching solutions containing copper from printed circuit board manufacturing 3. Timber preservative residues containing copper Cyanides 1. Plating effluents and residues containing cyanides 2. Heat treatment residues containing cyanides 3. Spent quenching oils containing cyanides 4. Spent processing solutions containing cyanides from photographic processing Fluoride compound 1. Timber preservative residues containing fluorides 2. Spent ammonium bi-fluoride Isocyanates 1. Spent di-isocyanates Eg. toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) and methylene di-isocyanate (MDI) from polyurethane process
40
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List of toxic industrial wastes Laboratory wastes 1. Obsolete laboratory chemicals 2. Toxic chemical wastes from chemical analysis Lead compounds 1. Ash, residues and sludges containing lead and lead compounds 2. Spent organo-lead compounds Eg. tetraethyllead (TEL) and tetramethyllead (TML) 3. Waste lead-acid batteries, whole or crushed Mercury and its compounds 1. Effluents, residues or sludges containing mercury from chlor-alkali industry 2. Wastes containing mercury from equipment manufacturing involving the use of metal mercury 3. Spent catalysts from chemical processes containing mercury 4. Spent organo-mercury compounds Metal catalysts 1. Spent metal catalysts from chemical processes and petroleum refining Eg. catalysts containing chromium and cobalt Nickel compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing nickel Organic compounds containing halogen 1. Spent halogenated organic solvents e.g. trichloroethylene, 111-trichloroethane, perchloro-ethylene, methylene chloride, tetra-chloromethane and 112-trichloro-122-trifluoroethane 2. Residues from recovery of halogenated organic solvents 3. Packaging materials or residues containing chloro- benzenes and/or chlorophenols and their salts Organic Compounds not containing halogen 1. Spent non-halogenated organic solvents e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, turpentine, petroleum, thinner, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, isobutanol, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl ether, diethyl ether, hexane, dimethyl sulphide and dimethyl sulphoxide 2. Residues from recovery of non-halogenated organic solvents Organotin compounds 1. Sludges, residues, effluents and spent blasting grit generated from removal of paints containing organotin compounds Other wastes 1. Obsolete/abandoned chemicals and pesticides from storage, manufacturing and trading activities 2. Used containers, bags and process equipment contaminated by chemicals and pesticides from storage, manufacturing and trading activities 3. Wastes/residues containing unreacted monomers, eg. vinyl chloride and styrene monomers, from polymer manufacturing processes 4. Tar residues from distilling and tarry materials from refining 5. Wastes from toxic waste treatment processes Eg. wastes and residues from solidification, fixation and incineration processes 6. Wastes from toxic chemical drums and tank cleaning activities 7. Chemical and oil slops from ship tankers 8. Wastes from the production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticisers, glues/adhesives containing solvents and other contaminants 9. Wastes from the production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish containing organic solvents, heavy metals or biocides 10. Solid wastes and sludges or obsolete/off specification materials not categorised elsewhere in the Schedule and failing the relevant authority’s landfill disposal criteria Pathogenic wastes 1. Pathogenic wastes from hospitals 2. Pathogenic wastes from healthcare and research institutions, clinics and laboratories
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List of toxic industrial wastes Pharmaceutical wastes 1. Pharmaceutical wastes comprising antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, vaccines and other immunological products, controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 185) and pharmaceutical wastes containing arsenics, cyanides and heavy metals and their salts Phenolic compounds 1. Sludges/residues from paint stripping using chemicals containing phenols 2. Residues containing unreacted phenol and formaldehyde from adhesive industry Polychlorinated bi-phenyl (PCB) including poly-chlorinated ter-phenyl (PCT) 1. Spent transformer oil containing PCB and/or PCT 2. Retrofilled transformer contaminated with PCB and/or PCT 3. Electrical equipment and parts containing or contaminated with PCB and/or PCT Eg. Capacitors and transformers 4. Containers and all waste materials contaminated with PCB and/or PCT Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1. All waste materials containing PVC Eg. PVC insulated wires, PVC pipes and trunking, PVC parts, PVC upholstery and PVC resins Silver compounds 1. Spent processing solutions containing silver from photographic processing Used, contaminated oil 1. Used mineral, lubricating and hydraulic oil from machine cylinders, turbines, switch gears and transformers 2. Spent motor oils from petrol and diesel engines 3. Spent quenching oil from metal hardening 4. Oil recovered from solvent degreasers 5. Spent oil water emulsions Eg. Spent coolants from metal working industries 6. Oil water mixtures (mainly oil) Eg. Oily ballast water from ship tankers 7. Oil and sludge from oil interceptors 8. Tankers sludges and oil sludges/residues from storage tanks 9. Oil sludges containing acid from recovery and recycling of used oil Zinc compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing zinc
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Annex H
(normative)
Allowable limits for trade effluent discharged into a public sewer/watercourse/controlled watercourse as specified in the EPMA, SDA and their Regulations NOTE – Refer to the respective Regulations for the current allowable limits.
Items of analysis
Public sewer
Watercourse
Controlled watercourse
(Units in milligram per litre or otherwise stated) 1
Temperature of discharge
2
Colour
3
pH Value
4
45°C Please refer to Bibliography for further information.
45°C
7 Lovibond Units 7 Lovibond Units 6–9
6-9
BOD (5 days at 20°C)
50
20
5
COD
100
60
6
Total suspended solids
50
30
7
Total dissolved solids
-
1000
8
Chloride (as chloride ion)
-
250
9
Sulphate (as SO4)
-
200
10 Sulphide (as sulphur)
0.2
0.2
11 Cyanide (as CN)
0.1
0.1
12 Detergents (linear alkylate sulphonate as methylene blue active substances)
15
5
10 (Total) 10 (Hydrocarbons)
1 (Total)
14 Arsenic
0.1
0.01
15 Barium
2
1
16 Tin
-
5
10
1
18 Beryllium
-
0.5
19 Boron
5
0.5
20 Manganese
5
0.5
13 Grease and oil
17 Iron (as Fe)
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Items of analysis
Public sewer
Watercourse
Controlled watercourse
(Units in milligram per litre or otherwise stated) 21 Phenolic compounds (expressed as phenol)
0.2
Nil
22 *Cadmium
0.1
0.003
1
0.05
24 *Copper
0.1
0.1
25 *Lead
0.1
0.1
26 *Mercury
0.05
0.001
1
0.1
28 *Selenium
0.5
0.01
29 *Silver
0.1
0.1
30 *Zinc
1
0.5
31 *Metals in total
1
0.5
32 Chlorine (Free)
1
1
33 Phosphate (as PO4)
5
2
34 Calcium (as Ca)
-
150
35 Magnesium (as Mg)
-
150
36 Nitrate (as NO3)
-
20
23 *Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent)
27 *Nickel
NOTE – * Where 2 or more of the metals listed in the table are present in the trade effluent, the total concentration of the metals shall not exceed 1 and 0.5 milligrams per litre for discharge into a watercourse and a controlled watercourse respectively.
The trade effluent discharged into any watercourse shall not contain any of the following substances: (1)
radioactive material;
(2)
any pesticide, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, rodenticide or fumigant;
(3)
refuse, garbage, sawdust, timber, human or animal waste or solid matter;
(4)
petroleum or other inflammable solvent; or .
(5)
a substance that either by itself or in combination or by reaction with other waste or refuse may give rise to any gas, fume, or odour or substance which is or is likely to be a hazard to human life, a public nuisance, injurious or otherwise objectionable.
The trade effluent shall be analysed in accordance with the latest edition of 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published jointly by the American Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation of the United States.
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Annex I
(informative)
Example of trade effluent sampling sump design
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Annex J
(informative)
Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory 1)
Continuous pH monitoring and effluent discharge control shall be carried out at the last inspection chamber before the discharge enters a public sewer.
2)
A concrete hump of not more than 50 mm (vertical height) shall be constructed across the flow channel of the last inspection chamber to maintain effluent in the channel when there is no effluent discharge.
3)
A chemical resistant pH probe (range of 0-14) shall be installed in the channel upstream of the hump. The pH probe shall detect/monitor the pH value of the discharge. The probe shall be positioned firmly such that the tip of the probe is constantly in contact with the liquid in the channel. It shall also be easily lifted out of the chamber and repositioned back without the need to go down the chamber. An auto flushing system using water or compressed air shall be provided to prevent any fouling or clogging of the sensor of the pH probe.
4)
The cable of the pH probe shall be laid in a heavy duty PVC conduit. The mountings for the pH probe inside the last inspection chamber shall be of corrosion resistant materials.
5)
A pH recorder chart (range of 0-14) shall be provided to record the pH value detected as well as to record the 'open' and 'close' position of the penstock. The pH value shall be recorded on a chart which can be continuously operated for a month.
6)
A penstock with an electrically operated actuator shall be installed at the inlet to the last inspection chamber. If a pneumatic actuator is used, the air/gas supply shall be tapped from a cylinder. The actuator shall be linked to a pH controller and the record chart. A limit switch to indicate the 'open' or 'close' position of the penstock shall be incorporated. The switch shall be linked directly to the recorder chart. The setting of the actuator shall be such that the penstock remains open as long as the pH value varies within the allowable limit of 6 to 9. Exceeding the limit, the pH controller shall activate the actuator to close the penstock.
7)
The pH meter, recorder with alarm and penstock actuator shall be operated either on AC or DC supply. However, the system should incorporate a power backup such that during power failure/interruption, the backup shall continue to operate the pH meter and recorder for a period of five hours and the actuator, if necessary. During normal operation, power shall be supplied from the AC main to operate the monitoring instrument and charge the power pack simultaneously.
8)
An instrument panel (weather-proof) shall be provided to house: a)
pH meter cum controller (range of 0 - 14);
b)
pH chart recorder (range of 0 - 14);
c)
Alarm - audible type;
d)
Power pack (rechargeable batteries);
e)
AC/DC converter;
f)
Air/gas cylinder, if any; and
g)
Resetting switch/button for the actuation of the penstock 46
SS 593 : 2013
9)
The door of the instrument panel shall be provided with a glass or plastic window for viewing the pH recorder chart.
10)
Wherever appropriate, the instrument panel shall be located near or within the guard house.
11)
Means to seal the instrument panel and the last inspection chamber cover shall be provided.
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Annex K
(informative)
Example of pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system
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Annex L
(normative)
Guidelines for leak test A leak test should be conducted before an underground tank is put into use. The leak test should conform to the following guidelines: •
The leak test method should be able to measure a leak rate of at least 0.19 litre per hour, and be capable of testing the entire tank system, including piping.
•
If the tank has a loss rate in excess of 0.19 litre per hour, the tank shall be considered to be leaking.
•
The leak tests should be carried out in accordance with an established leak test method and certified by professional engineers.
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Annex M
(normative)
Guidelines for contingency plan A contingency plan to deal with leaks from underground tanks should be approved by the relevant authority. The contingency plan should include the following: •
To appoint a competent party or person to deal with leaks from underground tanks;
•
To set up guidelines to activate the contingency plan i.e. who, when and how to contact emergency coordinator, confirmation of leak, etc;
•
To inform the relevant authorities as soon as a leak is detected, especially if the chemical/product is flammable or combustible;
•
To remove chemical/product from the tank to a temporary storage by the competent party or person;
•
To remove the tank for inspection;
•
To remove the contaminated soil for proper disposal;
•
To carry out soil testing to ensure that all the pollutants have been removed; and
•
To repair or replace the tank and re-construct the secondary containment chamber if necessary.
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Annex N
(normative)
Guidelines for storage of hazardous substances Fe
Ex
Fh
Gh
Fa
Tx
Ra
Gp
Ox
Xn
Fe
+
-
-
-
-
O
-
-
-
O
Ex
-
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Fh
-
-
+
O
-
O
-
-
-
O
Gh
-
-
O
+
-
O
-
-
-
O
Fa
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
-
O
Tx
O
-
O
O
-
+
-
O
O
O
Ra
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
-
Gp
-
-
-
-
-
O
-
+
O
O
Ox
-
-
-
-
-
O
-
O
+
O
Xn
O
-
O
O
O
O
-
O
O
+
O +
Joint storage not allowed. Joint storage allowed under observation of specific precautions. Joint storage allowed
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Classification of substances Fire Hazard Categories Abbreviation
Hazard Class
Description
Fe
Class 4
Combustible substances
Fa
Class 4.2
Substances liable to spontaneous combustion
Fh
Class 4.3
Substances which give off combustible gases on contact with water
Gp
Class 2
Combustible and non-combustible gases under pressure incl. aerosol cans
Ox
Class 5
Substances acting as oxidising agents or sources of oxygen
Ex
Class 1
Explosive substances
Personal Hazard Categories Tx
Class 6
Substances which can cause death or serious damage to health
Gh
Class 6
Substances which give off poisonous or foul smelling gases on contact with water
Xn
Class 8
Substances which are a health hazard (including irritating and corrosive substances)
Ra
Class 7
Radioactive substances
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Annex O
(normative)
Retention basin for spent fire-fighting water for warehouse storing hazardous substances Floor area (m2)
Average fire-fighting water used 2 (l/m min)
Retention of spent fire-fighting water 3 2 (m /m )
Total volume of retention required 3 (m )
0
WO WS With WS
3.3 3.3
0.1 0.1
5 5
100
WO WS With WS
6.6 6.6
0.2 0.2
20 20
150
WO WS With WS
8.8 8.8
0.4 0.4
60 60
200
WO WS With WS
10.0 10.0
0.6 0.6
120 120
300
WO WS With WS
7.7 6.6
0.7 0.4
210 120
400
WO WS With WS
6.6 5.0
0.8 0.3
320 120
500
WO WS With WS
6.0 4.0
0.9 0.25
450 120
600
WO WS With WS
5.8 3.3
1.0 0.2
600 120
800
WO WS With WS
5.6 2.5
1.2 0.15
960 120
1000
WO WS With WS
5.4 2.0
1.4 0.12
1400 120
1200
WO WS With WS
5.2 1.7
1.5 0.1
1800 120
1600
WO WS With WS
5.0 1.3
1.5 0.075
2400 120
>1600 WO WS With WS
5.0 1.3
1.5 0.075
To be calculated 120
WO WS = Without Water Sprinklers. With WS = With Water Sprinklers. NOTE 1 – The retention volume does not include materials leaked out from containers and rainwater. NOTE 2 – The fire compartment shall comply with the fire resistance rating requirements stipulated in the latest SCDF’s Fire Code.
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Annex P
(informative)
Example of dilution tank design
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Annex Q
(normative)
Standards of concentration of air impurities as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act and its Regulations NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection and Management (Air Impurities) Regulations for the current emission standards
Substance
1 2 3
Ammonia and ammonium compounds Antimony and its compounds Arsenic and its compounds
4
Benzene
5
Cadmium and its compounds
6
Carbon monoxide
7
Chlorine
8
Copper and its compounds
Trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry, process or fuel burning process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process
Emission limits 3
76 mg/Nm expressed as ammonia 3 5 mg/Nm expressed as antimony 3 1 mg/Nm expressed as arsenic 5 mg/Nm
3 3
3 mg/Nm expressed as cadmium 625 mg/Nm 32 mg/Nm
3
3
5 mg/Nm3 expressed as copper i 1.0 ng TEQ/Nm3 for waste incinerators commissioned before 1st Jan 2001
9
Dioxins and furans
Any waste incinerator
10
Ethylene oxide
Any trade, industry or process
5 mg/Nm
11
Fluorine, hydrofluoric acid or inorganic fluorine compounds
Any trade, industry or process
50 mg/Nm expressed as hydrofluoric acid
12
Formaldehyde
13
Hydrogen chloride
14
Hydrogen sulphide
15 16
Lead and its compounds Mercury and its compounds
Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process 55
ii 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 for waste incinerators commissioned on or after 1st Jan 2001 3
3
20 mg/Nm
3
200 mg/Nm 7.6 mg/Nm
3
3
3
5 mg/Nm expressed as lead 3
3 mg/Nm expressed as mercury
SS 593 : 2013
Substance
17
Oxides of nitrogen
Trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant Any trade, industry, process or fuel burning equipment
Emission limits 3
700 mg/Nm expressed as nitrogen dioxide 3
i 100 mg/Nm ; or
18
Particulate substances including smoke, soot, dust, ash, fly-ash, cinders, cement, lime, alumina, grit and other solid particles of any kind
19
Styrene monomer
20
Sulphur dioxide (noncombustion sources)
Any trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant (except for any cold blast foundry cupolas)
Any trade, industry or process Any trade, industry or process
ii where there is more than one flue, duct or chimney in any schedules premises, the total mass of the particulate emissions from all of such flue, duct or chimney divided by the total volume of such emissions 3 shall not exceed 100 mg/Nm and the particulate emissions from each of such flue, duct or chimney shall not exceed 200 mg/Nm3 at any point in time. 100 mg/Nm
3
500 mg/Nm
3 3
500 mg/Nm expressed as sulphur trioxide
Sulphur trioxide and other acid gases
The manufacture of sulphuric acid
22
Sulphur trioxide or Sulphuric acid mist
Any trade, industry or process, other than any combustion process and any plant involving the manufacture of sulphuric acid
100 mg/Nm expressed as sulphur trioxide
23
Vinyl chloride monomer
Any trade, industry or process
20 mg/Nm
21
Effluent gases shall be free from persistent mist.
3
3
NOTE – The concentration of any substance specified in the first column emitted from any operation in any trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant specified in the second column shall not at any point before admixture with air, smoke or other gases, exceed the limits specified in the third column. "dioxins and furans" means polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), being tricyclic and aromatic compounds formed by 2 benzene rings which are connected by 2 oxygen atoms in PCDD and by one oxygen atom in PCDF and the hydrogen atoms of which may be replaced by up to 8 chlorine atoms; "mg" means milligram; "ng" means nanogram; 3
"Nm " means normal cubic metre, being that amount of gas which when dry, occupies a cubic metre at a temperature of 0 degree Centigrade and at an absolute pressure of 760 millimetres of mercury; "TEF" means Toxic Equivalency Factor;
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SS 593 : 2013
"TEQ" means Toxic Equivalent, being the sum total of the concentrations of each of the dioxin and furan compounds specified in the first column of the table below multiplied by their corresponding TEF specified in the second column thereof:
Dioxin/Furan 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran Octachlorodibenzofuran
TEF 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.0001 0.1 0.05 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.0001
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Annex R
(normative)
Emission standards for special waste incinerators Pollutants
Standards
Smoke ( Ringelmann Chart )
R0
Particulates
50 mg/Nm
Sulphur dioxide
200 mg/Nm
Hydrogen chloride
60 mg/Nm
Hydrogen fluoride
5 mg/Nm
Nitrogen oxide
400 mg/Nm
3
Carbon monoxide
100 mg/Nm
3
Mercury
0.05 mg/Nm
3
Cadmium
0.05 mg/Nm
3
Other heavy metals
0.5 mg/Nm
Dioxins / Furans
(i) 0.5 ng TEQ/Nm for special waste incinerators commissioned before 1 January 2001.
3 3
3
3
3 3
3
(ii) 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm for special waste incinerators commissioned on or after 1 January 2001
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Annex S
(normative)
Polluting activities subject to site assessment before change of use or rezoning a)
Oil installations and other premises storing, handling and using large quantities of oils and similar hydrocarbon products, including the following: • • • • • •
b)
Oil refineries; Oil depots; Petrochemical complexes; Petrol stations and refueling depots; Aircraft manufacture and repair industries; and Motor repair workshops.
Chemical plants, chemical warehouses or terminals including the following: • • • • • •
Chemical warehouses or terminals; Pharmaceutical/biomedical plants; Pesticides formulation factories; Wood treatment and preservation facilities; Large electroplating works; and Factories that use, manufacture or store toxic chemicals.
c)
Shipyards and grit blasting works;
d)
Gas works;
e)
Power stations;
f)
Toxic wastes treatment facilities;
g)
Scrap yards;
h)
Landfill site for municipal or industrial wastes; and
i)
Facilities for the treatment of sewage.
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SS 593 : 2013
Annex T
(informative)
Standards and technical guidelines for assessment and remediation of contaminated sites 1. Dutch Guidelines for Soil Protection 2. ASTM E 1527-00 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process. 3. ASTM E 1903-97 Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process. 4. ASTM E1739-95e1 Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at Petroleum Release Sites. 5. Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand
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SS 593 : 2013
Annex U
(informative)
Listing of some approvals by the relevant authorities on pollution control and other environmental matters
Clearance certificate for any building plan approval or industrial plant works requiring clearance [Section 33(1) of EPMA] Compliance certificate upon completion of the building or industrial plant works [Section 33(7) of EPMA] Industrial allocation clearance on the use of industrial premises Occupy and use any industrial premises classified as Scheduled Premises [Section 6(1) of EPMA] Construct, maintain or operate a disposal facility for toxic industrial wastes [Section 23(1) of the EPHA] Carry on the business of a toxic industrial waste collector [Regn 9 of the EPH(TIW) Regulations] Import, manufacture, process for sale, sell or offer for sale any hazardous substances [Section 22(1) of EPMA] Use, keep or store of any hazardous substances [Regn 17(1) of the EPM(HS) Regulations] Sell or supply of any hazardous substances [Regn 21(1) of the EPM(HS) Regulations] Transport toxic industrial wastes exceeding specified quantities in [Regn _16(a) of the EPH(TIW) Regulations]
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SS 593 : 2013
Bibliography Environmental Protection and Management Act, Cap 94A Environmental Public Health Act, Cap 95 Sewerage and Drainage Act, Cap 294 Environmental Protection and Management (Air Impurities) Regulations Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) Regulations Environmental Protection and Management (Boundary Noise Limits for Factory Premises) Regulations Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations URA Master Plan th
Code of Practice on Surface Water Drainage 6 edition – Dec 2011 Code of Practice on Sewerage and Sanitary Works 1st Edition - Mar 2000 with amendments under addendum No.1- Feb 2001 and addendum No.2- Nov 2004 Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand. Dutch Guidelines for Soil Protection http://international.vrom.nl/pagina.html?id=37604 Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/hazardous/oil-guide-jun99/ PUB Requirements for Discharge of Trade Effluent into the Public Sewers http://www.pub.gov.sg/general/documents/requirementsfordischargetosewer.doc
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ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE SPRING Singapore is an agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry responsible for helping Singapore enterprises grow and building trust in Singapore products and services. As the national standards and accreditation body, SPRING develops and promotes an internationally-recognised standards and quality assurance infrastructure. SPRING also oversees the safety of general consumer goods in Singapore. As the enterprise development agency, SPRING works with partners to help enterprises in financing, capability and management development, technology and innovation, and access to markets. SPRING Singapore 1 Fusionopolis Walk #01-02 South Tower, Solaris Singapore 138628 Tel: 6278 6666 Fax: 6278 6667 E-mail:
[email protected] Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg
ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME Under the national standardisation programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to meet international standards and conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of standardisation to enhance competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development and use of Singapore Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies and industry on the latest developments. SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and their implementation. Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice, methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective committee or working group will draw up the standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council or the relevant Standards Committee. To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore Standards, all committees appointed consist of representatives from various interest groups which include government agencies, professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and manufacturing organisations. Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can therefore become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further comments or be withdrawn. In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Sub-committee for Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (ACCSQ). The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.
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The Singapore Standardisation Programme is managed by
SPRING Singapore 1 Fusionopolis Walk, #01-02 South Tower, Solaris Singapore 138628 Tel : +65 6278 6666 Fax : +65 6278 6667 www.spring.gov.sg
