Springer-Formato IMRAD-bilingue

 

Endptkr : Crgdoazdtaco ci d Zkskdren Pdpkr2 Vnk AHZDF Icrhdt (pp. 45-:;)

Ko P. L. Z. Odar dof Y. F. Odar, Ueakotaiae Wrataog dof Echhuoaedtaco ao Dgraeumturk dof   Odturdm Zkscureks, FCA2 40.4007/17>-5-541-05404-1S:, 40.4007/17>-5-541-05404-1S:, © Upraogkr Aotkrodtacodm Pujmasnaog Uwatzkrmdof :046

Djstrdet Hcst seakotaiae pdpkrs drk prkpdrkf deecrfaog tc d icrhdt edmmkf AHZDF. Vnk tkrh rkprkskots tnk iarst mkttkrs ci tnk wcrfs Aotrcfuetaco, Hdtkradms dof Hktncfs, Zksumts, Dof, Faseussaco. At aofaedtks d pdttkro cr icrhdt rdtnkr tndo d echpmktk mast ci nkdfaogs cr  echpcokots ci rkskdren pdpkrs< tnk hassaog pdrts ci d pdpkr drk2 Vatmk, Dutncrs, Lkywcrfs, Djstr jstrde det, t, Eco Ecoemu emusa sac cos os,, dof dof Zki kikr krko koek eks. s. Dffa fata tac cod odmm mmy y, sc sch hk pdp dpkr krss ao aoem emuf ufkk Delocwmkfghkots dof Dppkofaeks. Vnk Aotrcfuetaco kxpmdaos tnk secpk dof cjbketavk ci  tnk stufy ao tnk magnt ci eurrkot locwmkfgk co tnk sujbket< tnk Hdtkradms dof Hktncfs fkserajks ncw tnk stufy wds ecofuetkf< tnk Zksumts sketaco rkpcrts wndt wds icuof ao tnk stufy< dof tnk Faseussaco sketaco kxpmdaos hkdoaog dof sagoaiaedoek ci tnk rksumts dof  prcvafks suggkstacos icr iuturk farketacos ci rkskdren. Vnk hdouserapt hust jk prkpdrkf deecrfaog tc tnk Bcurodm's aostruetacos tc dutncrs.

Edpètumc : Crgdoazdeaõo fk uo trdjdbc fk aovkstagdeaõo2 Km icrhdtc AHZDF

Zksuhko Md hdycrèd fk mcs trdjdbcs eakotèiaecs sk prkpdrdo fk deukrfc eco uo icrhdtc mmdhdfc AHZDF. Km tárhaoc rkprkskotd mds prahkrds mktrds fk mds pdmdjrds Aotrcfueeaõo, Hdtkradmks y Hátcfcs, Zksumtdfcs, Q, Faseusaõo. Aofaed uo pdtrõo c icrhdtc ko mugdr fk uod mastd echpmktd fk koedjkzdfcs c echpcokotks fk trdjdbcs fk aovkstagdeaõo< Mds pdrtks quk idmtdo fk uo fceuhkotc sco2 tètumc, dutcrks, pdmdjrds emdvk, rksuhko, ecoemusacoks y rkikrkoeads. rkikrko eads. Dfkhä Dfkhäs, s, dmguo dmguocs cs fceu fceuhkotc hkotcss aoemu aoemuyko yko Dgrdf Dgrdfkeahako keahakotcs tcs y Dpáof Dpáofaeks. aeks. Md Aotrcfueeaõo kxpmaed km dmedoek y cjbktavc fkm kstufac d md muz fk mcs ecoceahakotcs detudmks scjrk km tkhd< Mcs Hdtkradmks y Hátcfcs fkserajko eõhc sk mmkvõ d edjc km kstufac< Md skeeaõo fk Zksumtdfcs aoicrhd mc quk sk koecotrõ ko km kstufac< Q md skeeaõo fk

Fas Faseus eusaõo aõodskxp kxpmae maed km far sagoai sag oaiaed aedfc fc y urds md ssag sagoai oaiaed aedeaõo eaõo fk mcs rksumtd fcsuseratc y atc prcpcr prc pcreac eacod od sugkrk sug krkoea oeads pdrd pdr d dmds farkee keeaco acoks ks iut iuturd fk md aovksta aov kstagde gdeaõo aõo..rksu Km mtdfcs hdouser hdo fkjk fkj k skr   prkpdrdfc fk deukrfc eco mds aostrueeacoks fk md rkvastd d mcs dutcrks.

Do ahpcrtdot pcaot tc lkkp ao haof as tndt tnkrk as oc stdofdrf cr uoaicrh stymk tndt as icmmcwkf jy dmm bcurodms. Kden bcurodm nds ats cwo stymk< jut tnky dmm ndvk tnkar cwo Aostruetacos tc Dutncrs (cr ctnkr wcrf echjaodtacos tc hkdo tnk sdhk tnaog). Coek ycu skmket d bcurodm tc wnaen ycu wasn tc sujhat ycur hdouserapt, pmkdsk ICMMCW VNK BC[ZOD BC[ ZODM'U M'U AOUVZ[ AOUVZ[EVA EVACOU COU VC D[VNCZ D[VNCZU, U, wnaen wnaen edo usudmmy usudmmy jk icuof icuof ao kden vcmuhk ci tnk bcurodm (octk tndt d vcmuhk hdy ecotdao skvkrdm ouhjkrs, dof tnkrk ecumf jk humtapmk humta pmk vcmuhks ao d ykdr), cr kdsamy deeksskf irch tnk bcurodm's bcurodm's wkjpdgk. Uchk dutncrs hdy oct jk iummy ecovaoekf djcut tnk mcgae ci schk ci tnksk aostruetacos, jut at as d iutamk kiicrt tc drguk watn tnk bcurodm cr echpmdao djcut ats aostruetacos. Zkhkhjkr tndt dutncrs drk irkk tc enccsk irch d ouhjkr ci bcurodms ao wnaen tc pujmasn tnkar pdpkrs.

 

Hcst seakotaiae seakotaiae pdpkrs drk prkpdrkf deecrfaog tc d stdofdrf stdofdrf icrhdt edmmkf AHZDF, wnaen rkprkskot tnk iarst mkttkrs ci tnk wcrfs Aotrcfuetaco, Hdtkradms dof Hktncfs, Zksumts, Dof, Faseussaco. Vnksk fc oct rkprkskot tnk echpmktk mast ci nkdfaogs cr echpcokots ci rkskdren  pdpkrs< tnk hassaog pdrts drk2 Vatmk, Dutncrs, Lkywcrfs, Djstrdet, Lkywcrfs, Djstrdet, Ecoemusaco Ecoemusacos, s, Dof Zkikrkoeks. Zkikrkoeks. Dffatacodm Dffatacodmmy, my, schk pdpkrs aoemufk Delocw Del ocwmkf mkfghk ghkots ots dof Dppko Dppkofax fax (Dppko (Dppkofae faeks). ks). Uchkta Uchktahks, hks, schk schk sketaco sketacoss hagnt hagnt jk rkprkskotkf dof/cr dhpmaiakf jy ctnkrs< k.g., ''Vnkcry'' aostkdf ci Hdtkradms dof Hktncfs. Ctnkr Ctn kr hcfaiae hcf aiaedta dtacos cos aoemuf aoemufk ech aogciZksumt Zks umtss dof Faseus Fas eussac saco otrkof aotc aotcascok sketaco sketaco, , dof aoemufaog ''Ecoemusacos'' ds ktnkechjao mdstjaoaog pdrt Faseussaco. D rkekot tc gavk comy tnk hdao hd ao dspket dspketss ci tn tnkk pd pdpk pkrr do dof f pc pcst st dmm dmm tnk tnk df dffa fata taco codm dm cr ''mk ''mkss ss ah ahpc pcrtd rtdot ot'''' dspke dspkets ts ds ''Uuppmkhkotdm Hdtkradms'' co tnk bcurodm's wkjsatk. Zkvakw pdpkrs fc oct ndvk ''Zksumts dof Faseussaco,'' dof tnky usudmmy usk ctnkr nkdfaogs aostkdf ci AHZDF nkdfaogs. Vnk tkrh AHZDF aofaedtks d pdttkro cr icrhdt hcrk tndo tnk wcrfs ecvkrkf jy tnk djjrkvadtaco. Watn tnk Dhkraedo Odtacodm Utdofdrfs Aostatutk (DOUA) dfcptaog tnk tkrh ds tnk stdofdrf, iarst ao 417: dof dgdao ao 4171 (DOUA 4171), at nds jkechk tnk encaek ci hcst rkskdren  bcurodms. [o puotc ahpcrtdotk d tkokr ko eukotd ks quk oc ndy uo kstamc kstäofdr c uoaicrhk quk ks skguafc pcr tcfds mds rkvastds. Edfd rkvastd takok su prcpac kstamc< Pkrc tcfcs takoko sus  prcpads aostrueeacoks d mcs dutcrks (u ctrds echjaodeacoks fk pdmdjrds pdrd sagoaiaedr mc hashc). [od vkz quk skmkeeacok uo fadrac dm quk fkskd kovadr su hdouseratc, sèrvdsk UA UAG[ G[AK AKOF OFC Cpukfko MDU MD U koecotrdrsk AOUV AO UVZ[ Z[EE EEAC ACOK OKU U vcmuhko FKM FK M BC BC[Z [ZOD M D (tkogd MCU MC U ko D[VC D[ VCZK ZKU, U, quk usudmhkotk ko edfd fk mdODM rkvastd eukotd qukqu uok vcmuhko pukfk ecotkokr vdracs oòhkrcs y pcfrèd ndjkr vdracs vcmòhkoks ko [o dôc), c fk iäeam iä eam de deeks eksc c fk fksf sfkk md pä päga gaod od wk wkj j fk md rk rkva vastd std.. Dm Dmgu guoc ocss du dutc tcrks rks pu pukf kfko ko oc kst kstdr  dr  echpmktdhkotk ecovkoeafcs fk md mõgaed fk dmguods fk kstds aostrueeacoks, pkrc ks uo ksiukrzc aoòtam faseutar eco md rkvastd c qukbdrsk fk sus aostrueeacoks. Zkeukrfk quk mcs dutcrks sco majrks fk kmkgar kotrk vdrads rkvastds ko mds quk pujmaedr sus drtèeumcs. Md hdycrèd fk mcs trdjdbcs eakotèiaecs sk prkpdrdo fk deukrfc eco uo icrhdtc kstäofdr  mmdhdf mmd hdfc c AHZ AHZDF, DF, quk rkp rkprksk rkskotd otdo o mds pra prahkr hkrds ds mkt mktrds rds fk mds pdm pdmdjr djrds ds Aot Aotrcf rcfuee ueeaõo aõo,, Hdtkradmks y Hátcfcs, Zksumtdfcs y Faseusaõo. Kstcs oc rkprkskotdo md mastd echpmktd fk koedjkzdhakotcs c echpcokotks fk trdjdbcs fk aovkstagdeaõo< Mds pdrtks quk idmtdo sco2 tètumc, tètum c, dutcrk dutcrks, s, pdmdjr pdmdjrds ds emdvk, rksuhko, ecoemusacoks ecoemusacoks y rkikrko rkikrkoeads. eads. Dfkhä Dfkhäs, s, dmguo dmguocs cs fceuhk fce uhkotc otcss aoe aoemuy muyko ko Dgr Dgrdfk dfkeah eahako akotcs tcs y Dpá Dpáofa ofaek ek (Dp (Dpáof áofaek aeks). s). D vke vkeks, ks, dmg dmguod uodss skeeacoks skr /c pcrksctrcs< Pcr '' aodea Vkcrèd mugd mu gdrr fk pukfko Hdtk Hd tkrad radmk mkss rkprkskotdfds y Há Hátc tcfc fcs. s. yCt Ctrds rdsdhpmaiaedfds hcfa hc faia iaed edea eaco coks aoem ao emuy uyko kokbkhpmc, md ec echj hjao deaõo õo'' ko fk Zksumtdfcs y Faseusaõo ko uod skeeaõo, k aoemuykofc "Ecoemusacoks" echc md òmtahd pdrtk fk md Faseusaõo. [od tkofkoead rkeakotk ks fdr scmdhkotk mcs dspketcs praoeapdmks fkm pdpkm y ia iabd bdrr tc tcfc fcss mc mcss ds dspk pket etcs cs df dfae aeac acod odmk mkss c "h "hko kocs cs ah ahpc pcrt rtdo dotk tks" s" ec echc hc "H "Hdt dtkr krad admk mkss supmkhkotdracs" ko km Wkj satk fk md rkvastd. Mcs fceuhkotcs fk rkvasaõo oc takoko '' Zksumtdfcs Zksumt dfcs y Faseusa Faseusaõo õo '', y usudm usudmhkotk hkotk usdo ctrcs koedjkzdfcs koedjkzdfcs ko mugdr fk koedj koedjkzdfcs kzdfcs AHZDF. Km tárhaoc AHZDF aofaed uo pdtrõo c icrhdtc häs quk mds pdmdjrds eujakrtds pcr  md djrkvadturd. Eco km Dhkraedo Odtacodm Utdofdrfs Aostatutk (DOUA) dfcptdofc km tárhaoc echc km kstäofdr, prahkrc ko 417: y fk oukvc ko 4171 (DOUA 4171), sk nd ecovkrtafc ko md kmkeeaõo fk md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds fk aovkstagdeaõo. :.4 Vatmk

Vnk tatmk ci tnk pdpkr wamm jk rkdf hcrk tndo doy ctnkr pdrt. Vnk wdy ao wnaen d pdpkr as ''jrcwskf'' jy rkdfkrs as ao tnk crfkr2 Vatmk‖Djstrdet‖Zksumts (Vdjmks dof Iagurks)‖Iumm  pdpkr. Vnk prkvdamaog trkof as sdaf s daf tc jk tndt, co dvkrdgk, tnk ouhjkr ci rkdfkrs irch cok

 

sketaco tc tnk okxt ao tnk djcvk skqukoek fkerkdsks jy d idetcr ci 40. Vndt hkdos icr kvkry 40 rkdfkrs wnc mccl dt tnk tatmk, cok rkdfs tnk Djstrdet< iicr cr kvkry 40 wnc rkdf tnk Djstrdet, cok gcks tc tnk Zksumts sketaco, kspkeadmmy Vdjmks dof Iagurks< icr kvkry 40 wnc rkdf tnk Zksumts, cok rkdfs tnk iumm pdpkr. Vnus, icr kvkry pkrsco wnc rkdfs tnk iumm pdpkr, 4,000 rkdf tnk tatmk. Vatmks drk rkdf jctn jy seakotasts sedooaog tnk ecotkots ci d bcurodm dof jy tncsk fkpkofaog fkpkofaog co skdrenks skdrenks tnrcugn tnrcugn skecofdry scureks, wnaen dmwdys edrry tnk tatmk dof dutncr jut hdy cr hdy oct edrry djstrdets. Vnk tatmk hdy jk rkpraotkf ao jajmacgrdpnaks dof sujbket aofkxks, stcrkf ao jajmacgrdpnae fdtdjdsks dof eatkf ao ctnkr drtaemks. Vnkrkicrk, tnk tatmk as do kxtrkhkmy ahpcrtdot echpcokot ci tnk pdpkr. D gccf tatmk wamm dttrdet rkdfkrs wnc hagnt oct ctnkrwask rkdf tnk pdpkr dof hdy nkmp iuturk rkskdrenkrs iaof ahpcrtdot aoicrhdtaco. D gccf tatmk ci d rkskdren pdpkr sncumf2 Ecotdao ds ikw wcrfs ds pcssajmk2 hdoy bcurodms mahat tatmks tc 4: wcrfs Jk kdsy tc uofkrstdof Fkserajk tnk ecotkots ci tnk pdpkr deeurdtkmy dof spkeaiaedmmy Dvcaf djjrkvadtacos, icrhumds, dof bdrgco  Oct aoemufk doy vkrj  Oct ecotdao mcw-ahpdet wcrfs suen ds ''Uchk octks co ''Aovkstagdtacos co ''Utufy ci dof ''Kiiket ci ..."

''Cjskrvdtacos co

 Oct jk imdsny ds ao okwspdpkrs (k.g., dvcaf stdtkhkots malk ''Dgrcicrkstry edo stcp fkicrkstdtaco'') Zkpcrt tnk sujbket ci tnk rkskdren rdtnkr tndo tnk rksumts Icmmcw tnk stymk prkikrkoek ci tnk tdrgkt bcurodm. :.4 Vètumc

Km tètumc fkm drtèeumc sk mkkrä häs quk eudmquakr ctrd pdrtk. Md icrhd ko quk uo fceuhkotc ks "kxpmcrdfc" pcr mcs mketcrks kstä ko km crfko2 Vètumc-Zksuhko-Zksumtdfcs (Vdjmds y Iagurds) -Iumm pdpkm. Uk faek quk md tkofkoead prkfchaodotk ks quk, ko prchkfac, km oòhkrc fk mketcrks fk uod skeeaõo d md saguakotk ko md skeukoead dotkracr fashaouyk ko uo idetcr fk 40. Ksc sagoaiaed quk pdrd edfd 40 mketcrks quk hardo km tètumc, sk mkk km Zksuhko< Pcr edfd 40 quk mkko km Zksuhko, uoc vd d md skeeaõo Zksumtdfcs, kspkeadmhkotk Vdjmds y Iagurds< Pcr edfd 40 quk mkko mcs rksumtdfcs, sk mkk km aoicrhk echpmktc. Pcr mc tdotc, pdrd edfd pkrscod quk mkk km fceuhkotc echpmktc, 4.000 mkkr km tètumc. Mcs tètumcs sco mkèfcs tdotc pcr eakotèiaecs quk kxpmcrdo km ecotkoafc fk uod rkvastd echc pcr dqukmmcs quk fkpkofko fk jòsqukfds d trdvás fk iukotks skeuofdrads, quk sakhprk mmkvdo km tètumc y km dutcr, pkrc pukfko c oc mmkvdr rksòhkoks. Km tètumc pukfk skr rkahprksc ko jajmacgrdièds k èofaek èof aekss fk hdt hdtkra krads, ds, dmh dmhdeko dekodfc dfcss ko jds jdsks ks fk fdt fdtcs cs jaj jajmac macgrä gräiaed iaedss y eat eatdfc dfcss ko ctr ctrcs cs drtè dr tèeu eumc mcs. s. Pc Pcrr mc td tdot otc, c, km tè tètu tumc mc ks uo ec echp hpco coko kotk tk kx kxtr trkh khdf dfdh dhko kotk tk ah ahpc pcrt rtdo dotk tk fk fkmm fceuhkotc. [o juko tètumc dtrdkrä d mketcrks quk fk ctrd hdokrd oc mkkrèdo km drtèeumc y  pcfrèdo dyufdr d iuturcs aovkstagdfcrks d koecotrdr aoicrhdeaõo ahpcrtdotk. [o juko tètumc fk uo trdjdbc fk aovkstagdeaõo fkjkrèd2 Ecotkogd km hkocr oòhkrc fk pdmdjrds pcsajmk2 huends pujmaedeacoks mahatdo mcs tètumcs d 4: pdmdjrds Ukr iäeam fk kotkofkr  Fkserajar km ecotkoafc fkm fceuhkotc fk hdokrd prkeasd y kspkeèiaed Kvatk mds djrkvadturds, mds iõrhumds y md bkrgd

 

 Oc aoemuar oaogòo vkrjc  Oc ecotkogd pdmdjrds fk jdbc ahpdetc echc "Dmguods cjskrvdeacoks scjrk" Cjskrvdeacoks scjrk "Aovkstagdeacoks scjrk" Kstufac fk y "Kiketc fk ..."  Oc skd mmdhdtavc echc ko mcs pkraõfaecs (pcr kbkhpmc, kvatk fkemdrdeacoks echc ''Uamvaeumturd pukfk fktkokr md fkicrkstdeaõo'') Zkpcrtdr km tkhd fk md aovkstagdeaõo ko mugdr fk mcs rksumtdfcs. Uagd md prkikrkoead fk kstamc fkm fadrac fk fkstaoc. Ds Odar (:00;) drguks, d tatmk suen ds ''Pmdot spkeaks icuof ao nchkgdrfkos ao rkgaco D ci  ecuotry J'' wds prcjdjmy dpprcpradtk icr do drtaemk schk :0 ykdrs dgc, jut at as uoaosparaog tc d fkhdof fkhdofaog aog rkdfkr rkdfkr tcfdy. tcfdy. Vnk rkdfkrs rkdfkrs locw locw tndt tndt nc nchk-g hk-gdrf drfkos kos aovcmv aovcmvkk humtap humtapmk mk spkeaks, dof ai tnky locw tnk mcedtaco ci tnk stufy satk, tnky edo ''gukss'' tnk spkeaks tndt drk malkmy tc jk prkskot tnkrk. Jut, ai tnk tatmk suggksts do aoocvdtavk aovkstagdtaco suen ds ''Fcks okdrokss tc hdrlkts diiket spkeaks echpcsataco ci nchkgdrfkos32 D edsk stufy irch rkgac rkg aco o D ci ecuotry ecuotry J'' cr ''Upkeaks raenokss dof favkrsaty ao nchkgdrfkos2 d jcco cr   jdok3'' at nds d huen jkttkr endoek tc dttrdet tnk dttkotaco ci tnk fasekroaog, jusy rkdfkr. Echc Echc scs scstak takok ok Oda Odarr (:0 (:00; 0;), ), uo tèt tètumc umc ech echc c ''K ''Kspke spkeaks aks fk pmd pmdotd otdss koe koeco cotrdf trdfds ds ko mcs  bdrfaoks fk md rkgaõo D fkm pdès J'' iuk prcjdjmkhkotk dprcpadfc pdrd uo drtèeumc ndek uocs :0 dôcs, pkrc oc ks aospardfcr pdrd uo mketcr kxagkotk fk ncy. Mcs mketcrks sdjko quk mcs nukrtcs edskrcs ahpmaedo hòmtapmks kspkeaks, y sa ecoceko md ujaedeaõo fkm satac fkm kstufac,  pukfko "dfavaodr" mds kspkeaks quk prcjdjmkhkotk kstdräo prkskotks dmmè. Pkrc, sa km tètumc sugakr sug akrkk uod aov aovkst kstagd agdeaõ eaõo o aoo aoocvd cvdfcr fcrdd ech echc c "³M "³Mdd ekre ekredoè doèdd d mcs hkr hkredf edfcs cs dike diketd td md echpcsaeaõo echpc saeaõo fk kspkeaks fk mcs ncgdr ncgdrks32 ks32 [o kstufac fk edsc fk md rkgaõo D fkm pdès J" c "Md raqukzd fk kspkeaks y md favkrsafdf ko mcs bdrfaoks fk ncgdr2 ³uod jkofaeaõo c uod  pksdfammd3", takok häs pcsajamafdfks fk dtrdkr md dtkoeaõo fkm mketcr kxagkotk y ceupdfc

Do ahpcrtdot pcaot tc rkhkhjkr as tndt tnk tatmk, jkaog tnk iarst pdrt ci tnk pdpkr, wamm jk  jrcwskf jy tnk jusy rkdfkr, dof tnkrkicrk hust jk okdt, erasp, dof ecnkrkot tc dttrdet tnk rkdfkr's rkdf kr's dtt dttkot kotaco aco.. Vnk ahpcrt ahpcrtdot dot wcrfs wcrfs sncumf sncumf jk pmdekf pmdekf iarst iarst dof dpprcp dpprcpradt radtkk wcrfs wcrfs sncumf jk uskf tc nagnmagnt tnk sagoaiaedot ecotkot ci tnk pdpkr. Vnk wcrfs encsko sncumf dmsc jk ao d icrh suatdjmk icr djstrdetaog dof aofkxaog skrvaeks. Bdrgcos dof djjrkvadtacos sncumf jk dvcafkf sncumf dvcafkf dof, tc tnk kxtkot kxtkot pcssajmk, pcssajmk, echhco odhks aostkdf ci tnk Mdtao odhks ci pmdots (dof ctnkr mavaog crgdoashs) sncumf jk uskf ao tnk tatmk. At uskf tc jk d echhco prdetaek tc pujmasn d skraks ci pdpkrs co d sujbket watn d hdao tatmk dof skvkrdm aofavafudm pdpkrs watn skpdrdtk suj-tatmks, citko fksagodtkf ds pdrts 4, :, kte. (kxdhpmk2 Jachdss fkechpcsataco ao trcpaedm dmmky ercppaog2 Pdrt 4, Pdrt :, ...). Vnas  prdetaek eduskf skvkrdm faiiaeumtaks. Icr kxdhpmk, tnk ecotaouaty ci rkdfaog as skracusmy ndhpkrkf wnko faiikrkot pdrts ci d skraks drk pujmasnkf ao faiikrkot ouhjkrs cr vcmuhks ci  d bcurodm cr ao faiikrkot bcurodms, cr wcrst, wnko cok cr hcrk pdrts okvkr gkt pujmasnkf. Uuen aofavafudm pdrts ci d skraks ci pdpkrs fc oct iumiamm tnk ksskotadm rkquarkhkot tndt kden  pdpkr ''sncumf prkskot tnk rksumts ci do aofkpkofkot, ecnksavk stufy'' ds stapumdtkf ao tnk Aostruetacos tc Dutncrs ci hcst bcurodms. Vnkrkicrk, tnk skraks ci pdpkrs as ocw oct idvcrkf  jy hcst bcurodms (Fdy 41>>). [o puotc ahpcrtdotk pdrd rkecrfdr ks quk km tètumc, quk ks md prahkrd pdrtk fkm fceuhkotc, skrä kxdhaodfc pcr km mketcr ceupdfc y, pcr mc tdotc, fkjk skr crfkodfc, oètafc y ecnkrkotk  pdrd dtrdkr md dtkoeaõo fkm mketcr. Mds pdmdjrds ahpcrtdotks fkjko ecmcedrsk prahkrc y mds

 

 pdmdjrds dprcpadfds fkjko usdrsk pdrd fkstdedr fks tdedr km ecotkoafc sagoaiaedtavc fkm drtèeumc. d rtèeumc. Mds  pdmdjrds kmkgafds tdhjaáo fkjko kstdr ks tdr ko uod icrhd dfkeudfd pdrd skrvaeacs fk djstrdeeaõo k aofkxdeaõo. Mds bkrgds y mds djrkvadturds fkjko kvatdrsk y, ko md hkfafd fk mc pcsajmk, sk fkjk fk jko o us usdr dr oc ochj hjrks rks ec echu huok okss ko mu mugd gdrr fk mc mcss oc ochj hjrk rkss md mdta taoc ocss fk pm pmdo dotd tdss (y ct ctrc rcss crgdoashcs vavcs) ko km tètumc. Ucmèd skr uod präetaed echòo pujmaedr uod skrak fk drtèeumcs scjrk uo tkhd eco uo tètumc  praoeapdm y vdracs fceuhkotcs aofavafudmks eco sujtètumcs skpdrdfcs, d hkoufc fksagodfcs echc pdrtks 4, :, kte. (kbkhpmc2 Fksechpcsaeaõo fk jachdsd ko eumtavcs fk edmmkbcoks trcpaedmks2 Pdrtk 4, Pdrtk :, ...). Kstd präetaed edusõ vdrads faiaeumtdfks. Pcr kbkhpmc, md ecotaouafdf fk md mketurd sk vk grdvkhkotk cjstdeumazdfd eudofc mds faikrkotks pdrtks fk uod skrak sk pujmaedo ko faikrkotks oòhkrcs c vcmòhkoks fk uod rkvastd c ko rkvastds faikrkotks, c mc pkcr, eudofc uod c häs pdrtks ouoed sk pujmaedo. Vdmks pdrtks aofavafudmks fk uod skrak fk fceuhkotcs oc euhpmko eco km rkquasatc kskoeadm fk quk edfd drtèeumc "prkskotk mcs rksumtdfcs fk uo kstufac aofkpkofakotk y ecnksavc" echc sk kstapumd ko mds Aostrueeacoks d mcs Dutcrks fk md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds. Pcr mc tdotc, md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds oc ndo idvcrkeafc md skrak fk drtèeumcs (Fdy 41>>) Vdmks pdrtks aofavafudmks fk uod skrak fk fceuhkotcs oc euhpmko km rkquasatc kskoeadm fk quk edf edfdd fce fceuhk uhkotc otc " fkj fkjkk prk prksko skotdr tdr mcs rks rksumt umtdfc dfcss aof aofkpk kpkofa ofakot kotkk y ecn ecnkrko krkotk tk fkm kstufac", echc sk kstapumd ko mds Aostrueeacoks pdrd mcs dutcrks fk md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds. Pcr mc tdotc, md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds oc idvcrkeko md skrak fk drtèeumcs (Fdy 41>>). D hcfaiaedtaco ci tnk skraks as tnk ''ndogaog tatmk,'' wnaen as sahamdr tc tnk skraks tatmk kxekpt tndt d ecmco rkpmdeks tnk Zchdo ouhkrdm aofaedtaog tnk pdrt ci tnk skraks (k.g., Jachdss fkechpcsataco ao trcpaedm dmmky ercppaog2 echpdrasco ci echhco humtapurpcsk trkks)< tnas  prdetaek as stamm deekptkf jy hcst bcurodms. Do dfvdotdgk ci tnk ndogaog tatmk as tndt tnk hcst ahpcrtdot wcrfs ci tnk tatmk ecumf jk prkskotkf iarst, dof ecumf tnkrkicrk jk do dfvdotdgk tc tnk rkdfkr. Uchk dutncrs, ao do kiicrt tc jkdt tnk bcurodm's straet wcrf-mahat icr  tatmks, drguk drguk tndt tnk ndogaog ndogaog tatmk jk oct ecuotkf ecuotkf icr tnk tatmk wcrf ecuot. Vndt wamm jk tnk kfatcr's fkeasaco. [od hcfaiaedeaõo fk md skrak ks km "tètumc ecmgdotk", quk ks sahamdr dm tètumc fk md skrak, kxekptc quk uo ecmco rkkhpmdzd km oòhkrc rchdoc quk aofaed md pdrtk fk md skrak (pcr  kbkhpmc, fksechpcsaeaõo fk md jachdsd ko eumtavc fk edmmkbcoks trcpaedmks2 echpdrdeaõo fk ärjcmks humtauscs echuoks)< Kstd präetaed dòo ks dekptdfd pcr md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds. [od vkotdbd fkm tètumc ecmgdotk ks quk mds pdmdjrds häs ahpcrtdotks fkm tètumc pcfrèdo  prkskotdrsk prahkrc, y pcr mc tdotc pcfrèd skr uod vkotdbd pdrd km mketcr. Dmguocs dutcrks, ko uo ksiukrzc pcr vkoekr km kstraetc mèhatk fk pdmdjrds fk md rkvastd pdrd mcs tètumcs, drguhkotdo quk km tètumc ecmgdotk oc sk ecotdrä pdrd km rkeukotc fk pdmdjrds fkm tètumc. Ksd skrä md fkeasaõo fkm kfatcr.

Hcst bcurodms dmmcw dof dsl icr ''Zuooaog nkdfs.'' D ruooaog nkdf icr d pdpkr as do djjrkvadtkf tatmk tndt wamm jk praotkf ds d nkdfkr co dmm cr dmtkrodtk pdgks. Vnk bcurodm's ao aostr strue ueta taco coss wa wamm mm sp spke keaiy aiy tn tnkk od odtu turk rk ci ru ruoo ooao aog g nk nkdf dfss do dof f tn tnkk hdxa hdxahu huh h ou ouhj hjkr kr ci  endrdetkrs, aoemufaog spdeks, dmmcwkf. Vnk dutncr sncumf hdlk surk tndt tnk ruooaog nkdf as dpprcpradtk tc tnk drtaemk ao tkrhs ci ats ecotkots, kspkeadmmy icr rkvakw pdpkrs dof jccl  endptkrs, wnkrk tnk ruooaog nkdf sncumf dttrdet tnk jrcwsaog rkdfkr's dttkotaco. Md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds pkrhatko y pafko "koedjkzdfcs räpafcs". [o koedjkzdfc räpafc  pdrd uo fceuhkotc ks uo tètumc djrkvadfc quk sk ahpraharä echc koedjkzdfc ko tcfds mds

 

 pägaods c ko mds dmtkrodfds. Mds aostrueeacoks fk md rkvastd kspkeaiaedräo md odturdmkzd fk mcs koedjkzdfcs räpafcs y sk pkrhatarä km oòhkrc häxahc fk edrdetkrks, aoemuafcs mcs kspdeacs. Km dutcr fkjk dskgurdrsk fk quk km koedjkzdfc räpafc ks dprcpadfc pdrd km drtèeumc ko tárhaocs fk su ecotkoafc, kspkeadmhkotk pdrd mcs fceuhkotcs fk rkvasaõo y edpètumcs fk majrcs, fcofk km koedjkzdfc räpafc fkjk dtrdkr md dtkoeaõo fkm mketcr quk kstä  jusedofc dmgc. :.: Dutncrs

Vnk dutncrs dutncrs ci d pdpkr pdpkr drk aofava aofavafu fudms dms wnc wnc ndvk ndvk hdfk hdfk do ahpcrt ahpcrtdot dot ecotra ecotrajut jutaco aco tc  pmdooaog dof edrryaog cut tnk rkskdren rkpcrtkf, dof doycok mastkf ds do dutncr sncumf dmsc ndvk nkmpkf ao tnk prkpdrdtaco ci tnk pdpkr. Vkenoaeados dof ctnkr nkmpkrs drk usudmmy hkotacokf ao tnk delocwmkfghkots. :.: Dutcrks

Mcs dutcrks fk uo drtèeumc sco aofavafucs quk ndo nkenc uod ahpcrtdotk ecotrajueaõo d md  pmdoaiaedeaõo y rkdmazdeaõo fk md aovkstagdeaõo aoicrhdfd, y eudmquakr pkrscod quk iagurd echc dutcr tdhjaáo fkjkrèd ndjkr dyufdfc ko md prkpdrdeaõo fkm trdjdbc. Mcs táeoaecs y ctrcs dyufdotks sukmko skr hkoeacodfcs ko mcs dgrdfkeahakotcs Vnk dutncrs dutncrs drk mastkf ao tnk mcgaedm crfkr ci ahpcrtdoek ahpcrtdoek ci tnkar ecotrajutaco ecotrajutaco tc tnk wcrl. Vnk pkrsco mastkf iarst as ecosafkrkf ecosafkrkf tnk skoacr dutncr (uomkss ctnkrwask ctnkrwask spkeaiakf)< spkeaiakf)< ctnkrs hdy jk mastkf deecrfaog deecrfaog tc tnk ahpcrtdoek ahpcrtdoek ci ecotrajutaco ecotrajutaco tc tnk kiicrt. Mastaog dutncrs ao dmpndj dmp ndjkta ktaedm edm crfkr crfkr as do cmf prdetaek prdetaek tndt tndt as oct icmmcwkf icmmcwkf jy bcurod bcurodms ms doyhcr doyhcrk. k. At as eustchdry tc mast tnk grdfudtk stufkot wncsk tnksas cr fasskrtdtaco icrhs tnk jdsas ci d  pdpkr ds tnk iarst dutncr icmmcwkf jy nas cr nkr hdbcr supkrvascr ds tnk skecof dutncr. Ao schk faseapmaoks, ncwkvkr, tnk hdbcr supkrvascr ci d grdfudtk stufkot wncsk rkskdren as  pujmasnkf as mastkf ds tnk mdst dutncr. Vnk pkrsco tc wnch ecrrkspcofkoek ecoekroaog tnk  pdpkr hdy jk dffrksskf as hdrlkf jy do dstkrasl cr schk ctnkr octdtaco. octdtaco. Mcs dutcrks sk kouhkrdo ko km crfko mõgaec fk ahpcrtdoead fk su ecotrajueaõo d md cjrd. Md  pkrscod quk dpdrkek prahkrc ks ecosafkrdfd echc km dutcr praoeapdm (d hkocs quk sk kspkeaiaquk mc ecotrdrac)< Ctrcs pukfko skr mastdfcs fk deukrfc d md ahpcrtdoead fk md ecotrajueaõo dm ksiukrzc. Mastdr dutcrks ko crfko dmidjátaec ks uod präetaed dotagud quk yd oc ks skguafd pcr mds rkvastds. Ks ndjatudm kouhkrdr dm kstufadotk grdfudfc euyd tksas c faskrtdeaõo icrhd md jdsk fk uo fceuhkotc echc km prahkr dutcr skguafc pcr su supkrvascr   praoeapdm echc km skguofc dutcr. Uao khjdrgc, ko dmguods faseapmaods, km supkrvascr   praoeapdm fk uo kstufadotk grdfudfc euyd aovkstagdeaõo sk pujmaed dpdrkek echc km òmtahc dutcr. Md pkrscod d quako pukfk faragarsk md ecrrkspcofkoead scjrk km trdjdbc kstä hdredfd eco uo dstkrasec c dmguod ctrd doctdeaõo. Dutncr maok-up (wnc dof ao wndt skqukoek) edo jk d tncroy dof ecotkotacus assuk mkdfaog tc dwlwdrf jdttmks dof jrkden ci tnk nagn ktnaedm stdofdrfs stdofdrfs tndt seakotasts seakotasts drk kxpketkf kxpketkf tc upncmf. Uchktahks, tnk nkdf ci d mdjcrdtcry cr aostatutk wnkrk tnk wcrl wds fcok hdy aosast tc jk mastkf ds do dutncr ci dmm pdpkrs echaog irch tnk crgdoazdtaco. Dmtncugn tnas as do cjbketacodjmk prdetaek, ai at nds tc jk fcok, tndt pkrsco sncumf jk mastkf ds tnk mdst dutncr. Dmsc, at as oct uoechhco tndt schk kxendogk vasatcrs (trdaokks, kxendogk sencmdrs, kte.) tc cvkrskds cvkrsk ds aostatutaco aostatutacoss pujmasn pujmasn pdpkrs upco tnkar rkturo tc nchk aostatutacos, aostatutacos, jdskf co tnkar  cvkrskds wcrl, mastaog tnkar icrkago supkrvascrs ds ecdutncrs watncut tnk locwmkfgk dof dpprcvdm ci tnk mdttkr. Ao crfkr tc dvcaf suen satudtacos, hcst bcurodms rkquark tnk iaodm dpprcvdm ci kden ecdutncr jkicrk tnk pdpkr as pujmasnkf. Md skeukoead fk dutcrks (quaáo y ko euäm crfko) pukfk skr uo tkhd kspaocsc y pcmáhaec quk ecofuzed d jdtdmmds aoeõhcfds y dm aoeuhpmahakotc fk mcs dmtcs kstäofdrks átaecs quk

 

sk kspkrd quk mcs eakotèiaecs bki k fk uo mdjcrdtcrac c aostatutc fcofk eakotèi aecs hdotkogdo. D vkeks, km bkik sk rkdmazõ km trdjdbc pukfk aosastar ko skr aoemuafc echc dutcr fk tcfcs mcs fceuhkotcs  prcvkoakotks fk md crgdoazdeaõo. Duoquk kstd ks uod präetaed cjbktdjmk, sa takok quk ndekrsk, ksd pkrscod fkjk iagurdr echc km òmtahc dutcr. Dfkhäs, oc ks rdrc quk dmguocs vasatdotks vasatd otks fk aotkre aotkredhjac dhjac (dprkofaeks, (dprkofaeks, dedfáhaecs fk aotkre aotkredhjac dhjac,, kte.) d aostat aostatueaco ueacoks ks ko km kxtrdobkrc pujmaquko fceuhkotcs d su rkgrksc d mds aostatueacoks fk cragko, ko iuoeaõo fk su trdjdbc ko km kxtrdobkrc, kouhkrdofc d sus supkrvascrks kxtrdobkrcs echc ecdutcrks sao km ecoceahakotc y md dprcjdeaõo fkm òmtahc. Pdrd kvatdr tdmks satudeacoks, md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds rkquakrko md dprcjdeaõo iaodm fk edfd ecdutcr dotks fk pujmaedr km drtèeumc. Dutncr odhks sncumf jk echpmktk kocugn tc kosurk prcpkr afkotaiaedtaco, dof jk icmmcwkf  jy do dffrkss aoemufaog khdam, prkskotkf deecrfaog tc tnk bcurodm's stymk. Vnk aostatutaco tc wnaen tnk dutncr wds dttdenkf wnko tnk wcrl rkpcrtkf ao tnk pdpkr wds ecofuetkf sncumf  jk mastkf dgdaost tnk dutncr kvko ai tnk dutncr nds mkit tnk aostatutaco ditkr echpmktaog tnk wcrl (wnaen as echhco icr grdfudtk stufkots dof trdaokks)< ao suen edsks, tnk dutncr's eurrkot dffrkss ecumf dmsc jk mastkf dof prcpkrmy afkotaiakf. Mcs ochjrks fk mcs dutcrks fkjko skr mc suiaeakotkhkotk echpmktcs pdrd gdrdotazdr uod afkotaiaedeaõo dfkeudfd, y fkjko ar skguafcs fk uod farkeeaõo quk aoemuyd uo ecrrkc kmketrõoaec, prkskotdfd fk deukrfc eco km kstamc fk md rkvastd. Md aostatueaõo d md quk sk dfnaraõ km dutcr eudofc sk rkdmazõ km trdjdbc aoicrhdfc ko km fceuhkotc sk fkjk ecosagodr, duoquk km dutcr ndyd fkbdfc md aostatueaõo fkspuás fk echpmktdr km trdjdbc (mc eudm ks echòo pdrd kstufadotks grdfudfcskyafkotaiaeäofcmd praoeapadotk)< ko tdmks edscs, md farkeeaõo detudm fkm dutcr tdhjaáo sk pukfk ecosagodr ecrrketdhkotk. :.5 Lkywcrfs

Vnksk drk wcrfs jy wnaen tnk pdpkr sncumf jk aofkxkf jy djstrdetaog skrvaeks. Wcrfs tndt dppkdr co tnk tatmk sncumf oct jk rkpkdtkf ds lkywcrfs jkedusk tatmks dof lkywcrfs drk mastkf tcgktnkr jy djstrdetaog skrvaeks. Hcst bcurodms dmmcw oct hcrk tndo sax lkywcrfs< schk bcurodms fc oct dmmcw doy lkywcrfs< dof schk bcurodms dmmcw d straog ci skvkrdm wcrfs ds lkywcrfs. Ao doy edsk, tnk lkywcrf sncumf jk spkeaiae tc tnk drtaemk< echhco wcrfs suen ds pmdots, scams, hcfkms, dof pkcpmk drk tcc gkokrdm tc jk ci doy vdmuk ds lkywcrfs. :.5 Pdmdjrds emdvk

 

Kstd tdss sc sco o pd pdmd mdjr jrds ds pc pcrr md mdss eu eudm dmks ks km trd trdjd jdbc bc fk fkjk jk skr ao aofk fkxd xdfc fc pc pcrr mc mcss skr skrva vaea eacs cs fk Ks djstrdeeaõo. Mds pdmdjrds quk dpdrkeko ko km tètumc oc fkjko rkpktarsk echc pdmdjrds emdvk  pcrquk mcs tètumcs y mds pdmdjrds emdvk sk kouhkrdo buotcs hkfadotk skrvaeacs fk rksòhkoks. Md hdycrèd fk mds rkvastds pkrhatko oc häs fk skas pdmdjrds emdvk< dmguods rkvastds oc  pkrhatko oaoguod pdmdjrd emdvk< y dmguods rkvastds pkrhatko uod edfkod e dfkod fk vdrads vdrad s pdmdjrds echc pdmdjrds emdvk. Ko eudmquakr edsc, md pdmdjrd emdvk fkjk skr kspkeèiaed fkm drtèeumc< Mds pdmdjrds echuoks echc pmdotds, sukmcs, hcfkmcs y pkrscods sco fkhdsadfc gkokrdmks  pdrd skr vdmacsds echc pdmdjrds emdvk. :.6 Djstrdet

Do Djstrdet as d haoa-vkrsaco ci tnk pdpkr (Fdy 41>>). Vnk Dhkraedo Odtacodm Utdofdrfs Aostatutk sdys ''D wkmm prkpdrkf djstrdet kodjmks rkdfkrs tc afkotaiy tnk jdsae ecotkot ci d fceuhkot fceuh kot quaelmy dof deeurdtkmy, tc fktkrhaok ats rkmkvdoek rkmkvdoek tc tnkar aotkrksts, dof tnus tc fkeafk wnktnkr tnky okkf tc rkdf tnk fceuhkot ao ats kotarkty'' (DOUA 4171). Vnkrkicrk, at as kxtrkhkmy ahpcrtdot tndt tnk Djstrdet jk wrattko emkdrmy. :.6 Zksuhko

Do Djstrdet ks uod haoa vkrsaõo fkm drtèeumc (Fdy 41>>). Km Dhkraedo Odtacodm Utdofdrfs Aostatutk faek2 "[o rksuhko jako prkpdrdfc pkrhatk d mcs mketcrks afkotaiaedr km ecotkoafc  jäsaec fk uo fceuhkotc eco rdpafkz y prkeasaõo, fktkrhaodr su rkmkvdoead pdrd sus aotkrksks y, pcr mc tdotc, fkeafar sa okeksatdo mkkr km fceuhkotc echpmktc". (DOUA 4171). Pcr mc tdotc, ks kxtrkhdfdhkotk ahpcrtdotk quk km Zksuhko sk kserajd emdrdhkotk. Vnk djstrdet djstrdet sncumf sncumf jk fkiao fkiaoatavk atavk rdt rdtnkr nkr tndo tndo fkserap fkseraptavk< tavk< a.k., at sncumf gavk idets rdtnkr  tndo sdy tnk pdpkr as ''djcut'' schktnaog. Uaoek do djstrdet wamm usudmmy jk rkdf jy do dvkrdgk ci 400 tahks hcrk pkcpmk tndo wamm rkdf tnk iumm pdpkr, at sncumf ecovky tnk aoicrhdtaco aoicr hdtaco atskmi, oct bust prchask prchask at (Mukmmko :004). Icr kxdhpmk, dvcaf pnrdsks suen ds ''drk fkserajkf'' cr ''wamm jk prkskotkf'' ao do djstrdet< aostkdf, fkserajk tnkh, prkskot tnkh (kxekpt ao Djstrdets icr ecoikrkoeks cr dooudm hkktaogs, wrattko skvkrdm hcotns ao dfvdoek ci tnk kvkot). Ds Zdtocii (41>4) stdtkf, ''Zkdfaog d seakotaiae drtaemk aso't tnk sdhk ds rkdfaog d fktketavk stcry.'' Km rksuhko fkjk skr fkiaoa fkiaoatavc tavc häs quk fksera fkseraptavc ptavc Faseussaco

Vnas as tnk sketaco wnkrk tnk dutncrs kxpmdao hkdoaogs dof ahpmaedtacos ci tnk rksumts. Vnk sketaco pumms kvkrytnaog tcgktnkr dof sncws tnk ahpcrtdoek dof vdmuk ci tnk wcrl dof as tnkrkicrk tnkrki crk tnk hcst aoocvdtavk aoocvdtavk dof faiiaeumt pdrt ci tnk pdpkr tc wratk. Vnk dutncrs' slamm ao aotkrprktaog tnk rksumts ao tnk magnt ci locwo idets dof usaog tnk rksumts ds kvafkoek icr  aoocvdtavk kxpmdodtacos ci tnk cjskrvkf jkndvacr sncumf pusn tnk ircotakrs ci locwmkfgk dof drcusk tnk rkdfkrs' kotnusadsh. kotnusadsh. Watncut suen do kogdgaog kogdgaog faseussaco, faseussaco, tnk rkdfkr hdy mkdvk sdyaog ''Uc wndt3'' dof hcvk co tc ctnkr, hcrk aotkrkstaog pdpkrs. D gccf faseussaco sncumf2  Oct rkpkdt wndt nds dmrkdfy jkko sdaf ao tnk rkvakw ci matkrdturk

 

Zkmdtk tnk rksumts tc tnk qukstacos tndt wkrk skt cut ao tnk Aotrcfuetaco Uncw ncw tnk rksumts dof aotkrprktdtacos dgrkk, cr fc oct dgrkk, watn eurrkot locwmkfgk co tnk sujbket, a.k., prkvacusmy pujmasnkf wcrl  Kxpmdao tnk tnkcrktaedm jdelgrcuof ci tnk cjskrvkf rksumts Aofaedtk tnk sagoaiaedoek ci tnk rksumts Uuggkst iuturk rkskdren tndt as pmdookf cr okkfkf tc icmmcw up Fkdm watn comy tnk rksumts rkpcrtkf ao tnk stufy Utdy dwdy irch gkokrdmazdtacos dof ecobketurks tndt drk oct sujstdotadtkf jy tnk rksumts  prkskotkf Utdtk ecoemusacos watn kvafkoek icr kden. :.> Faseusaõo

Kstd ks md ske Kstd skeeaõ eaõo o fc fcof ofkk mc mcss du dutc tcrks rks kx kxpm pmae aedo do sag sagoa oaia iaed edfc fcss k ah ahpm pmae aedea deaco coks ks fk mc mcss rksumtdfcs. Md skeeaõo rkòok tcfc y hukstrd md ahpcrtdoead y km vdmcr fk md cjrd y, pcr mc tdotc, ks md pdrtk häs aoocvdfcrd y faièeam fk kserajar. Md ndjamafdf fk mcs dutcrks ko aotkrprktdr mcs rksumtdfcs d md muz fk nkencs ecoceafcs y utamazdr mcs rksumtdfcs echc kvafkoead kvafk oead fk kxpma kxpmaedeaco edeacoks ks aoocv aoocvdfcrds dfcrds fkm echp echpcrtdha crtdhakotc kotc cjskrv cjskrvdfc dfc fkjk khpu khpubdr bdr mds ircotkrds fkm ecoceahakotc y fkspkrtdr km kotusadshc fk mcs mketcrks. Uao uod faseusaõo tdo dtrdetavd, km mketcr pukfk fkbdr fk fkear "³Q quá3" Q pdsdr d ctrcs pdpkmks häs aotkrksdotks. [od jukod faseusaõo fkjkrèd2  Oc rkpktar mc quk yd sk nd faenc ko md rkvasaõo fk md matkrdturd Zkmdeacodr mcs rksumtdfcs eco mds prkguotds pmdotkdfds ko md Aotrcfueeaõo Hcstrdr eõh Hcstrdr eõhc c mcs rksu rksumtd mtdfcs fcs k aot aotkrp krprkt rktdeac deacoks oks eca ecaoea oeafko fko c oc eco mcs eco ecocea ceahak hakotc otcss detudmks scjrk km tkhd, ks fkear, trdjdbcs pujmaedfcs prkvadhkotk Kxpmaedr mcs dotkekfkotks tkõraecs fk mcs rksumtdfcs cjskrvdfcs Aofaquk md ahpcrtdoead fk mcs rksumtdfcs Uugkrar md aovkstagdeaõo iuturd quk sk pmdokd c okeksatd pdrd fdr skguahakotc Vrdtdr scmc eco mcs rksumtdfcs rkpcrtdfcs ko km kstufac Hdotáogdsk dmkbdfc fk gkokrdmazdeacoks y ecobkturds quk oc kstáo ecrrcjcrdfds pcr mcs rksumtdfcs prkskotdfcs Ecoemusacoks fkm kstdfc eco kvafkoead pdrd edfd uoc. Vnk Faseussaco sketaco as wrattko ao jctn prkskot dof pdst tkosks. Eurrkot locwmkfgk (irch matkrdturk) as stdtkf ao prkskot tkosk, wnkrkds tnk wcrl jkaog rkpcrtkf dof faseusskf ao tnk  pdpkr (ycur cwo wcrl) as prkskotkf ao pdst tkosk< k.g., ''Vrkdthkot D wds jkttkr tndo Vrkdthkot J, wnaen suggksts tndt. Md sk skeea eeaõo õo fk fa fase seus usaõ aõo o kst kstää kse ksera ratd td td tdot otc c ko ta takh khpc pcss pr prks ksko kotk tkss ec echc hc pd pdsdf sdfcs cs.. Km ecoceahakotc detudm (fk md matkrdturd) sk kxprksd ko takhpc prkskotk, hakotrds quk km trdjdbc quk sk aoicrhd y faseutk ko km trdjdbc (su prcpac trdjdbc) sk prkskotd prks kotd ko takhpc pdsdfc< Pcr  kbkhpmc, km trdtdhakotc D krd hkbcr quk km trdtdhakotc J, mc quk sugakrk quk.

Hashdten jktwkko stdtkf cjbketavks dof faseussaco/ecoemusaco as d vkry echhco prcjmkh ao hdoy hdouserapts. Dodmytaedm aosagnt as wndt wk sncumf stravk icr ao tnk Faseussaco

 

sketaco, jut uoicrtuodt sketaco, uoicrtuodtkmy, kmy, at as faiiaeumt tc fkserajk fkserajk ncw tc deechpmasn tndt. Mdel ci suen ao aosag sagnt nt as kv kvaf afko kott wnko wnko du dutn tncr crss sahpm sahpmy y stdtk stdtk‖c ‖citk itko o rk rkpk pkdt dt‖t ‖tnk nk rk rksu sumt mts, s, do dof f hdlk hdlk supkriaeadm stdtkhkots suen ds ''tnas wcrl dgrkks watn tnk wcrl ci dutncr ^ (schk uolocwo dutncr's dutnc r's wcrl, pujmasnkf skvkrdm ykdrs kdrmakr)'' ds tncugn tncugn tnk cjbketavk cjbketavk ci rkskdren wds tc skk ai tnk rksumts dgrkkf watn schk ctnkr dutncr's (cjseurk) wcrl pujmasnkf :0 cr hcrk ykdrs kdrmakr. Km fksdbustk kotrk mcs cjbktavcs fkemdrdfcs y md faseusaõo / ecoemusaõo ks uo prcjmkhd huy echòo ko huencs hdouseratcs. Md echprkosaõo dodmètaed ks mc quk fkjkhcs ksicrzdrocs ko md skeeaõo fk Faseusaõo, pkrc fksdicrtuodfdhkotk, ks faièeam fkserajar eõhc mcgrdrmc. Md idmtd fk tdm fasekroahakotc ks kvafkotk eudofc mcs dutcrks sahpmkhkotk fkemdrdo - d hkoufc rkpatko - mcs rksumtdfcs y ndeko diarhdeacoks supkriaeadmks tdmks echc "kstd cjrd kstä fk deukrfc deukrf c eco md cjrd fkm dutcr ^ (cjrd fk dmgòo dutcr fksecoceafc, fksecoceafc, pujmaedfd pujmaedfd vdracs dôcs dotks)" echc sa md Km cjbktavc fk md aovkstagdeaõo krd vkr sa mcs rksumtdfcs ecaoeafèdo eco km trdjdbc (cjseurc) fk ctrc dutcr pujmaedfc :0 c häs dôcs dotks.

Doctnkr echhco prcjmkh ao Faseussaco sketacos as tnk tkofkoey tc hcvk dwdy irch tnk stdtkf cjbketavks dof try tc ''scmvk dmm prcjmkhs.'' Dfhattkfmy, dgrcicr-kstry dof odturdm rkscurek hdodgkhkot rkskdrenkrs drk citko uofkr prkssurk irch iuofaog dgkoeaks dof df dfha haoa oast strd rdtc tcrs rs tc pr prcf cfue uekk id idst st dof dof kdsy kdsy rk rksu sumt mtss do dof f tk tkeno enocm cmcg cgak akss ic icrr ahhk ahhkfa fadt dtkk fasskhaodtaco. Dutncrs tnkrkicrk tkof tc ''pmkdsk'' tnk dutncrataks jy aofumgaog ao pkfdotae faseussaco dof ecoemusacos tndt fc oct khdodtk mcgaedmmy ocr drk sujstdotadtkf jy tnk rksumts prkskotkf. Icr kxdhpmk, ai tnk tatmk suggksts tndt tnk stufy as co aosket pcpumdtacos ao d haxkf-pmdot systkh, tnk pdpkr sncumf iceus co tndt, oct co, sdy, rkpcrtaog dof faseussaog yakmf ci ercps dof kmueafdtaog ncw dfcptaog suen d prdetaek edo rkfuek fkicrkstdtaco. Uchk dhcuot ci spkeumdtavk faseussaco, ncwkvkr, as ao crfkr tc kmaeat kxeatkhkot dof hctavdtk iuturk rkskdren. Vnk maok jktwkko ''cptahuh'' dof ''kxekss'' as citko idaot< tnk seakotast nds tc fc schk jdmdoeaog tc skpdrdtk rctk irch rkdscoaog (Odar :00;). Ukvkrdm namdracus stcraks drk dvdamdjmk tc fkserajk ncw tnk aotkrprktdtaco ci cjskrvkf rksumts  ‖tnk ksskoek ci Faseussaco‖ecumf jk ''aotkrprktkf. Vwc drk wcrtn hkotacoaog nkrk. nkrk.

Ctrc prcjmkhd echòo ko mds skeeacoks fk Faseusaõo ks md tkofkoead d dmkbdrsk fk mcs cjbk cj bkta tavc vcss fk fkem emdr drdf dfcs cs y tr trdt dtdr dr fk "rk "rksc scmv mvkr kr tc tcfc fcss mc mcss pr prcj cjmk mkhd hds" s".. Ks eak eakrt rtc c qu qukk mc mcss aovkstagdfcrks fk samvaeumturd y hdokbc fk rkeurscs odturdmks kstäo d hkoufc jdbc md  prksaõo fk dgkoeads y dfhaoastrdfcrks pdrd prcfuear Zksumtdfcs iäeamks y tkeocmcgèds t keocmcgèds pdrd su faskhaodeaõo aohkfadtd. Pcr mc tdotc, mcs dutcrks takofko d "dgrdfdr" d mds dutcrafdfks dm  pkrhatar uod faseusaõo pkfdotk y ecoemusacoks quk oc sk kxprksdo mõgaedhkotk oa sk  bustaiaedo pcr mcs rksumtdfcs prkskotdfcs. Pcr kbkhpmc, sa km tètumc sugakrk quk km kstufac kstä ko md mdss pc pcjm jmdea deaco coks ks fk ao aoske sketc tcss ko uo sas sastkh tkhdd fk pm pmdo dotds tds ha haxt xtds, ds, km fc fceu euhk hkot otc c fk fkjk jk ekotrdrsk ko ksc, oc ko, fagdhcs, aoicrhdr y faseutar km rkofahakotc fk mcs eumtavcs y kmueaf kmu eafdr dr eõh eõhc c md dfc dfcpea peaõo õo fk tdm prä präetae etaedd puk pukfk fk rkf rkfuea uearr md fki fkicrk crkstde stdeaõo aõo.. [od eakrtd edotafdf fk faseusaõo kspkeumdtavd, sao khjdrgc, ks eco km iao fk suseatdr md khceaõo y hctavdr md aovkstagdeaõo iuturd. Md mèokd kotrk '' õptahc '' y '' kxeksc '' ks d hkoufc fájam< Km eakotèiaec takok quk ndekr dmgc fk kquamajrac pdrd skpdrdr md hkhcrad fkm rdzcodhakotc (Odar :00;). Ydrads nastcrads namdrdotks kstäo faspcoajmks pdrd fkserajar eõhc md aotkrprktdeaõo fk mcs rksumtdfcs cjskrvdfcs -md kskoead fk md Faseusaõo- pcfrèd skr "aotkrprktdfd. Fcs sco fagocs fk hkoeacodr dquè.

 

Iarst, tnk emdssae bclk ci ''Unkrmcel Ncmhks dof tnk hystkry ci stdrs''2 Hr. Unkrmcel Ncmhks dof nas safklael Fr. Bcno N. Wdtsco wkot co d edhpaog trap. Ditkr d gccf hkdm dof d jcttmk ci waok tnky mdy fcwo icr tnk oagnt, dof wkot tc smkkp. Uchk ncurs mdtkr, Ncmhks dwclk dof oufgkf nas idatnium irakof. 'Wdtsco, mccl up dt tnk sly dof tkmm hk wndt ycu skk.' Wdtsco rkpmakf, 'A skk hammacos dof hammacos ci stdrs.' 'Wndt fcks tndt tkmm ycu3' Wdtsco pcofkrkf icr d haoutk. 'Dstrcochaedmmy, at tkmms hk tndt tnkrk drk hammacos ci  gdmdxaks dof pctkotadmmy jammacos ci pmdokts. Dstrcmcgaedmmy, A cjskrvk tndt Udturo as ao Mkc. Vnkcmcgaedmmy, A edo skk tndt Gcf as dmm pcwkrium dof tndt wk drk shdmm dof aosagoaiaedot. Hktkcrcmcgaedmmy, A suspket tndt wk wamm ndvk d jkdutaium fdy tchcrrcw. 'Wndt fcks at tkmm ycu3 Wdtsco dslkf. Ncmhks wds samkot icr d hchkot, tnko spclk2 'Wdtsco, ycu afact, schkjcfy nds stcmko cur tkot . Prahkrc, md jrchd emäsaed fk Unkrmcel Ncmhks y km hastkrac fk mds kstrkmmds2 Km Ur Ur.. Un Unkr krmc mcel el Nc Ncmh mhks ks y su ec echp hpdô dôkrc krc Fr Fr.. Bc Bcno no N. Wd Wdts tsco co na naea eakr krco co uo va vadb dbkk fk edhpdhkotc. Fkspuás fk uod jukod echafd y uod jctkmmd fk vaoc sk decstdrco pcr md ocenk, y sk iukrco d fcrhar. [ods ncrds häs tdrfk, Ncmhks fkspkrtõ y fac uo ecfdzc d su iakm dhagc. Wdtsco, hard ndead km eakmc y fahk quá vks. Wdtsco rkspcofaõ2 "Ykc hammcoks y hammcoks fk kstrkmmds". -³Tuá tk faek ksc3 Wdtsco rkimkxacoõ furdotk uo haoutc. "Dstrcoõhaedhkotk, hk faek quk ndy hammcoks fk gdmdxads y pctkoeadmhkotk hamks fk hammcoks fk pmdoktds. Dstrcmõgaedhkotk, cjskrvc quk Udturoc kstä ko Mkc. Vkcmõgaedhkotk, pukfc vkr quk Facs ks tcfc pcfkrcsc y quk schcs  pkqukôcs k aosagoaiaedotks. Hktkcrcmõgaedhkotk, scspkenc quk tkofrkhcs uo nkrhcsc fèd hdôdod. '³Tuá tk faek3 -prkguotõ Wdtsco. Ncmhks sk qukfõ ko samkoeac samk oeac uo hchkotc y mukgc ndjmõ2 -Wdtsco, afactd, dmguako nd rcjdfc oukstrd takofd. Vnk skecof stcry as djcut tnk kmkhkotdry senccm seakoek kxpkrahkot tc sncw tnk fdogkr ci  dmecncm2 Vnk tkdenkr skt up twc gmdssks, cok ecotdaoaog wdtkr dof tnk ctnkr ecotdaoaog gao. D wcrh wds frcppkf aotc kden gmdss. Vnk wcrh ao gao fakf ahhkfadtkmy wnamk tnk wcrh ao wdtkr swdh drcuof drcuof hkrramy. Wnko tnk tkdenkr tkdenkr dslkf tnk pupams wndt tnk kxpkrahkot sncwkf, mattmk Bcnooy jmurtkf cut ''Ai ycu fraol gao, ycu wco t ndvk wcrhs. Md skguofd nastcrad ks scjrk km kxpkrahkotc eakotèiaec fk md kseukmd kmkhkotdm pdrd hcstrdr  km pkmagrc fkm dmecncm2 Km prcikscr hcotõ fcs vdscs, uoc eco dgud y ctrc eco gaokjrd. [o gusdoc sk fkbõ edkr ko edfd vdsc. Km gusdoc ko gaokjrd huraõ aohkfadtdhkotk hakotrds km gusdoc ko dgud odfdjd

 

dmkg kgrk rkhk hkot otk. k. Eu Eudo dofc fc km hd hdkst kstrc rc mk pr prkg kguo uotõ tõ d mc mcss dm dmuh uhoc ocss qu quáá nd ndjè jèdd hc hcst strdf rdfc c km dm kxpkrahkotc, km pkqukôc Bcnooy fkbõ ksedpdr2 "Ua ustkf tchd gaokjrd, oc tkofrä gusdocs.

:.1 Ecoemusacos

Ecoemusacos sncumf, rdtnkr tndo bust rkpkdtaog rksumts, stdtk wkmm-drtaeumdtkf cutechks ci  tnk stufy dof jrakimy suggkst iuturk maoks ci rkskdren ao tnk drkd jdskf co iaofaogs rkpcrtkf ao tnk pdpkr. Ao pccr wrataog, at as oct uoechhco tc iaof ecoemusacos suen ds ''hcrk rkskdren as okkfkf jkicrk ecoemusacos edo jk frdwo. Ao tndt edsk, wny pujmasn d pdpkr irch wnaen ecoemusacos edooct jk frdwo3 Uchk bcurodms fc oct dmmcw d skpdrdtk Ecoemusaco sketaco. Ao tndt edsk, tnk mdst pdrdgrdpn cr d ikw skotkoeks ci tnk Faseussaco edo jk uskf tc stdtk tnk ecoemusacos. :.1 Ecoemusacoks

Mds ec Mds ecoe oemu musac sacok okss oc fk fkjk jkrè rèdo do rkp rkpkt ktar ar mc mcss rk rksu sumt mtdf dfcs cs ks kseu eukt ktdh dhko kotk tk,, sao saoc c qu qukk fk fkjk jko o kstdjmkekr kstdfcs jako drtaeumdfcs fkm kstufac y sugkrar jrkvkhkotk iuturds mèokds fk aovkstagdeaõo ko km ärkd, jdsdfds ko mcs ndmmdzgcs rkpcrtdfcs ko km drtèeumc. Ko uo hdm kseratc ks irkeukotk koecotrdr ecoemusacoks echc ”ks okeksdrad uod hdycr aovkstagdeaõo dotks fk quk sk pukfdo sdedr ecoemusacoks‘. Ko ksk edsc, ³pcr quá pujmaedr uo drtèeumc fkm quk oc sk pukfdo kxtrdkr ecoemusacoks3 Dmguods rkvastds oc pkrhatko uod skeeaõo fk Ecoemusaõo skpdrdfd. Ko ksk edsc, km òmtahc pärrdic c uods pceds irdsks fk md Faseusaõo  pukfko utamazdrsk pdrd kxpcokr mds ecoemusacoks. :.40 Delocwmkfghkots

Vnas sncrt sketaco as icr tndolaog tnk aostatutacos dof aofavafudms wnc nkmpkf sagoaiaedotmy ao tnk wcrl rkpcrtkf ao tnk pdpkr. Vnas hdy jk ao d gkokrdm gkokrdm wdy tc d grdotaog grdotaog dgkoey tndt suppmakf iuofs cr d mdjcrdtcry tndt suppmakf hdtkradms, cr ao d spkeaiae wdy tc d pkrsco cr   pkrscos wnc gdvk ycu dfvaek cr nkmpkf ycu ao fdtd ecmmketaco cr dodmysas, cr doy ctnkr  sagoaiaedot hdookr. Vnas as dmsc tnk pmdek tc hkotaco tnk gkoksas ci tnk pdpkr, a.k., ai at drcsk irch irc h d tnksas tnksas cr fasskrt fasskrtdta dtaco. co. Ai tnkrk tnkrk as oc skpdrdt skpdrdtkk delocw delocwmkf mkfghk ghkots ots sketaco sketaco,, suen suen hdtkradm dof dpprkeadtaco ecumf jk aotrcfuekf dt tnk kof ci tnk tkxt, cr ao tnk Aotrcfuetaco cr ds d icctoctk cr kofoctk. :.40 Dgrdfkeahakotcs

Kstd jrkvk skeeaõo ks pdrd fdr mds grdeads d mds aostatueacoks y pkrscods quk dyufdrco sagoaiaedtavdhkotk ko km trdjdbc quk sk aoicrhd ko km fceuhkotc. Kstc pukfk skr fk uod hdokrd gkokrdm d uo crgdoashc ctcrgdotk quk suhaoastrõ icofcs c uo mdjcrdtcrac quk suhaoastrõ hdtkradmks c fk uod hdokrd kspkeèiaed d uod pkrscod c pkrscods quk mk fakrco ecoskbcs c mk dyufdrco ko md rkecmkeeaõo c doämasas fk fdtcs c eudmquakr ctrd hdokrd sagoaiaedtavd. Kstk ks tdhjaáo km mugdr pdrd hkoeacodr md gáoksas fkm drtèeumc, ks fkear, sa surgaõ fk uod tksas c tksas. Ua oc ndy uod skeeaõo fk dgrdfkeahakotcs skpdrdfd, tdm hdtkradm y dprkeac pcfrèdo skr aotrcfueafcs dm iaodm fkm tkxtc, c ko md Aotrcfueeaõo c echc uod octd fk pak fk pägaod c uod octd dm iaodm.

:.44 Zkikrkoeks

Prkp Prkpdr drao aog g d prcp prcpkr kr rkikrk rkikrkoe oekk mast mast as co cokk ci tn tnkk hcst hcst tk tkfa facu cuss ds dspk pket etss ci iaod iaodma maza zaog og d hdouserapt icr pujmaedtaco. Pdrt ci tnk prcjmkh as tndt tnkrk as oc stdofdrf cr uoaicrh icrhdt icr eataog matkrdturk, kxekpt tndt ''Dmm eatdtacos ao tnk tkxt, dof comy tncsk, hust jk mastkf ao tnk Zkikrkoeks. Ao ctnkr wcrfs, tnk Zkikrkoeks sketaco dof tkxt eatdtacos sncumf

 

hdten pkriketmy. Dmtncugn tnk sdyaog tndt ''tnkrk drk ds hdoy rkikrkoek-eatdtaco stymks ds tnkrk drk bcurodms as do kxdggkrdtaco, tnkrk skkh tc jk ds hdoy rkikrkoek-eatdtaco stymks ds tnkrk drk pujmasnkrs. Utdofdrfazdtaco ci rkikrkoek-eatdtaco stymk nds jkko tdmlkf djcut icr d wnamk, dof schk prcgrkss nds jkko hdfk. Vnk jkst rumk tc icmmcw‖ds icr hdoy ctnkr  dspkets ci seakotaiae wrataog‖as2 icmmcw tnk bcurodm's aostruetacos! Uchk scitwdrk prcgrdhs drk dvdamdjmk tndt dafk ao erkdtaog/icrhdttaog rkikrkoek sketacos. :.44 Zkikrkoeads

Md prkpdrdeaõo fk uod mastd fk rkikrkoeads dprcpadfd ks uoc fk mcs dspketcs häs tkfacscs fk md iaodmazdeaõo fk uo hdouseratc pdrd su pujmaedeaõo. Pdrtk fkm prcjmkhd ks quk oc kxastk uo icrhdtc kstäofdr c uoaicrhk pdrd eatdr md matkrdturd, kxekptc quk ”Vcfds mds eatds ko km tkxtc, y sõmc ksds, fkjko skr mastdfds ko mds Zkikrkoeads‘. Ko ctrds pdmdjrds, md skeeaõo fk Zkikrkoeads y mds eatds fk tkxtc fkjko ecaoeafar pkriketdhkotk. Duoquk km faenc fk quk ”ndy tdotcs kstamcs fk rkikrkoead fk eatds echc rkvastds ks uod kxdgkrdeaõo, pdrkek ndjkr  tdotcs kstamcs fk rkikrkoead echc kfatcrks. Md kstdofdrazdeaõo fkm kstamc fk rkikrkoeadeatdeaõo sk nd ndjmdfc furdotk uo takhpc, y sk ndo nkenc dmguocs prcgrkscs. Md hkbcr  rkgmd d skguar -echc ko huencs ctrcs dspketcs fk md kseraturd eakotèiaed- ks2 ¡skguar mds aostrueeacoks fk md rkvastd! Dmguocs prcgrdhds fk scitwdrk kstäo faspcoajmks pdrd dyufdr  erkdeaõo c fdr icrhdtc d mds skeeacoks fk rkikrkoead.

:.44.4 Echhco Utymks ci Matkrdturk Eatdtaco Zkikrkoeks ao jacmcgaedm dof odturdm rkscurek seakoeks drk prkskotkf ao cok ci tnk tnrkk echhco echhc o stymks2 odhk dof ykdr systkh, systkh, ouhjkrkf ouhjkrkf dmpndjktaedm dmpndjktaedm mast, dof eatdtaco-skqu eatdtaco-skqukoek koek systkh< tnk mdst cok as uskf hcst irkqukotmy ao hkfaedm seakoeks.  Odhk dof Qkdr systkh (''Ndrvdrf systkh'')2 Vnk iarst dutncr's mdst odhk dof ykdr ci   pujmaedtaco drk gavko ao pdrkotnksks ao tnk tkxt< tnk mast as drrdogkf ao dmpndjktaedm dmpnd jktaedm crfkr. Ao tnas systkh, systkh, at as kdsy tc dff cr fkmktk tnk rkikrkoeks, wnaen wnaen as do dfvdotdgk dfvdotdgk tc tnk dutncr. dutncr. Vc tnk rkdfkr, ncwkvkr, at as tkfacus wnko skvkrdm eatdtacos drk mastkf ao tnk sdhk skotkoek cr pdrdgrdpn, ds ao tnk Aotrcfuetaco dof Faseussaco sketacos. At dmsc dffs tc tnk wcrf ecuot2 e cuot2 ai ''Ueakotast dof Zkdfkr (:045)'' edo jk rkpmdekf jy ''(9)'' (d ouhjkr), at sdvks spdek dof  praotaog ecst.

:.44.4 Kstamcs Echuoks fk Eatdeaõo fk md Jajmacgrdièd Mds rkikrkoeads ko mds eakoeads jacmõgaeds y fk mcs rkeurscs odturdmks sk prkskotdo ko uoc fk mcs trks kstamcs echuoks2 sastkhd fkm ochjrk y fkm dôc, mastd dmidjátaed ouhkrdfd, y sastkhd fk md eatd-skeukoead< Km òmtahc sk utamazd eco hdycr irkeukoead ko mds eakoeads háfaeds.  Uastkhd dutcr dôc  (”sastkhd fk Ndrvdrf‘)2 Km dpkmmafc fkm prahkr dutcr y km dôc fk  pujmaedeaõo sk aofaedo kotrk pdráotksas ko km tkxtc< Md mastd mas td sk crgdoazd ko crfko dmidjátaec. Ko kstk sastkhd, ks iäeam dgrkgdr c kmahaodr mds rkikrkoeads, mc eudm ks uod vkotdbd pdrd km dutcr. Pdrd km mketcr, sao khjdrgc, ks tkfacsc eudofc vdrads eatds sk kouhkrdo ko md hashd crdeaõo c pärrdic, echc ko mds skeeacoks Aotrcfueeaõo y Faseusaõo. Vdhjaáo dôdfk dm rkeukotc rkeuko tc fk pdmdjr pdmdjrds2 ds2 sa ”Eako ”Eakotèiaec tèiaec y mketcr (:045)‘ (:045)‘ pukfk skr rkkhpmdzdfc pcr ”(9)‘ (uo oòhkrc), dncrrd kspdeac y ecstc fk ahprksaõo.  Ouhjkrkf Dmpndjktaedm mastaog2 Vnk mast ao tnk ouhjkrkf dmpndjktaedm systkh as drrdogkf

ao tnk sdhk crfkr, tnk odhk rkikrkoeks ouhjkrkf. Vnk eatdtaco aocjbketaco, tnk tkxt asrdtnkr‖ci jy ouhjkr tnk ao  pdrkotnksks rdtnkrjut tndo dof drk ykdr. Vnk fasdfvdotdgk‖

 

systkh as tndt hdoy dutncrs wcumf malk tc skk tnk dutncr s odhk dof ykdr ci pujmaedtaco ragnt dwdy wnamk rkdfaog d tkxt watncut ndvaog tc sait tnrcugn tnk rkikrkoek mast dt tnk kof. Uchk ci tnas prcjmkh edo jk cvkrechk jy aoecrpcrdtaog suen fktdams ao tnk tkxt icr  skmketk skmk etkf f eat eatdta dtacos cos tndt tndt drk fkkhkf fkkhkf hcrk hcrk ahpcrt ahpcrtdot dot tndo tndo ctnkrs2 ctnkrs2 ''Vnk ''Vnk iarst iarst tkxtjc tkxtjccl cl ao dgrcicrkstry (4:) edo jk stdtkf hcrk vavafmy ds ''Odar's 4115 jccl (4:), tnk iarst tkxtjccl ao dgrcicrkstry ..." dmidjátaec ouhkrdfc ouhkrdfc sk crgdo crgdoazd azd ko km  Mastdfc dmidjátaec ouhkrdfc2 md mastd ko km sastkhd dmidjátaec hashc crfko, pkrc mds rkikrkoeads kstäo ouhkrdfds. Md eatd ko km tkxtc ks pcr oòhkrc kotrk  pdráotksas ko mugdr fk ochjrk y dôc. Md fksvkotdbd (cjbkeaõo, häs jako) fkm sastkhd ks quk d huencs dutcrks mks gustdrèd vkr km ochjrk fkm dutcr y km dôc fk pujmaedeaõo fk aohkfadtc hakotrds mkko uo tkxtc sao tkokr quk kxdhaodr md mastd fk rkikrkoeads dm iaodm. Dmgc fk kstk  prcjmkhd pukfk supkrdrsk aoecrpcrdofc tdmks fktdmmks ko km tkxtc pdrd eatds skmkeeacodfds quk sk ecosafkrdo häs ahpcrtdotks quk ctrds2 "Km prahkr majrc fk tkxtc ko samvaeumturd (4:)  pukfk kxprksdrsk häs vèvafdhkotk echc ”Km majrc fk Odar fk 4115‘ 4115‘ (4:), km prahkr majrc fk tkxtc ko samvaeumturd ... " Eatdtaco-Ukquk Eatdtaco-U kqukoek oek systkh2 Kden eatdtaco ao tnk tkxt as gavko d ouhjkr, usudmmy ds d supkrserapt, ao tnk crfkr at as iarst hkotacokf ao tnk tkxt< tnk rkikrkoek mast as drrdogkf skquko skq ukotad tadmmy mmy jy ouhjkr ouhjkr dof as oct dmpndj dmpndjkta ktaedm. edm. Cjvac Cjvacusm usmy, y, dffata dffataco co cr fkmkta fkmktaco co ci  rkikrkoeks as oct kdsy dof tndt ecumf jk d jag prcjmkh icr dutncrs ci pdpkrs watn skvkrdm rkikrkoeks. rkikrko eks. Vnk ouhjkraog ao tnk crfkr ao wnaen eatdtacos drk mastkf wamm dmsc skpdrdtk cut

vdracus rkikrkoeks jy tnk sdhk dutncr, wnaen ecumf dmsc jk d fasdfvdotdgk. Watnao Watna o tnksk systkhs tnkrk drk hdoy vdradtacos, vdradtacos, schk haoutk, suen ds wnktnkr wnktnkr tc koemcsk koemcsk tnk pdrkotnksks, wnktnkr tc put pkracfs (iumm stcps) ditkr dutncrs aoatadms, wnktnkr tc wratk  bcurodm tatmks ao iumm cr djjrkvadtk tnkh, dof sc co. Aotkrkstaogmy, tnk EJK Utymk Hdoudm (jy tnk Ecuoeam Ecuoeam ci Jacmcg Jacmcgy y Kfatcr Kfatcrs) s) dof tnk Ena Enaedg edgc c Hdoudm Hdoudm ci Utymk, Utymk, twc pcwkrium dof rkspketkf stymk hdoudms, ndvk cppcsaog vakws co stymk2 tnk icrhkr dfcpts tnk ouhjkrdmpndjkt systkh, wnamk tnk mdttkr kofcrsks tnk dmpndjktaedm crfkr ci mastaogs. Ao doy edsk, tnk stymk jkaog rkechhkofkf jy hcst seakoek kfatcrs as tc prcfuek kdsamy uofkrstccf eatdtacos watn d haoahuh ci puoetudtaco hdrls. Vnus bcurodm djjrkvadtacos drk jkechaog dmhcst uoaicrh. Ocwdfdys, ''B watn cr watncut d pkracf ditkr tnk mkttkr as tnk deekptkf djjrkvadtaco icr ''Bcurodm'' (wnaen uskf tc jk mastkf ds ''Bcurodm'' cr ''Bcur.''), dof dmm ''cmcgy wcrfs drk djjrkv djj rkvadt adtkf kf fkmkta fkmktaog og tnk mdst mdst ''c ''cgy gy pdrt pdrt (''Jdetk (''Jdetkrac racmm icr ''Jdet ''Jdetkra kracmc cmcgy gy < ''Pnys ''Pnysacm acm icr  ''Pn ''Pnys ysac acmc mcgy gy < do dof f sc co co). ). Octk Octk,, nc ncwk wkvk vkr, r, tn tndt dt co cokk-wc wcrf rf tatm tatmks ks ci bc bcur urod odms ms (Ueakoek,  Jacenkhastry) drk oct djjrkvadtkf.  Uastkhd fk skeukoead skeukoead fk eatds2 Edfd eatd ko km tkxtc rkeajk uo oòhkrc, gkokrdmhkotk echc uo supkrèofaek, ko km crfko ko quk sk hkoeacod pcr prahkrd vkz ko km tkxtc< md mastd fk rkikrkoeads rkikrko eads kstä crfko crfkodfd dfd skeukoeadmhkotk skeukoeadmhkotk pcr oòhkr oòhkrc c y oc ks dmidját dmidjátaed. aed. Cjvadhkotk, Cjvadhkotk, md dfaeaõo c kmahaodeaõo fk rkikrkoeads oc ks iäeam y ksc pcfrèd skr uo grdo prcjmkhd pdrd mcs dutcrks fk drtèeumcs eco vdrads rkikrkoeads. Md ouhkrdeaõo ko km crfko ko quk sk kouhkrdo mds eatds tdhjaáo skpdrdrä vdrads rkikrkoeads fkm hashc dutcr, mc quk tdhjaáo pcfrèd skr  uod fksvkotdbd. Fkotrc fk kstcs sastkhds ndy huends vdradeacoks, dmguocs haoutcs, echc sa sk fkjko aoemuar mcs pdráotksas, sa sk ecmcedo puotcs (puotcs) fkspuás fk mds aoaeadmks fk mcs dutcrks, sa sk kserajko mcs tètumcs echpmktcs fk mds rkvastds c sk djrkvado, y dsè sueksavdhkotk. Euracsdhkotk, km Hdoudm fk Kstamc EJK (pcr km Ecoskbc fk Kfatcrks fk Jacmcgèd) y km Hdoudm fk Kstamc fk Enaedgc, fcs hdoudmks fk kstamc k stamc rkspktdfcs y pcfkrcscs, takoko puotcs fk vastd cpukstcs scjrk km kstamc2 km prahkrc dfcptd km sastkhd fk oòhkrcs y dmidjktc, hakotrds quk km skguofc rkspdmfd km crfko dmidjátaec fk mastdfcs. Ko eudmquakr edsc, km kstamc rkechkofdfc pcr md hdycrèd fk mcs kfatcrks fk eakoeads ks prcfuear eatds iäeamks fk

 

kotkofkr eco uo hèoahc fk sagocs fk puotudeaõo. Dsè, mds djrkvadturds fk mds rkvastds sk kstäo vcmvakofc edsa uoaicrhks. Ncy ko fèd, '' B eco c sao uo puotc fkspuás fk md edrtd ks md djrkvadturd dekptdfd pdrd ”Bcurodm‘ (quk scmèd dpdrkekr echc ”Bcurodm‘ c ”Bcur.‘), y tcfc '' mds pdmdjrds fk cmcgèd sk djrkvado kmahaodofc md òmtahd '' pdrtk cgy ('' Jdetkracm pdrd '' Jdetkracmcgèd< '' Pnysacm pdrd '' Iasacmcgèd< y dsè sueksavdhkotk). Uao khjdrgc, tkogd ko eukotd quk mcs tètumcs fk rkvastds fk uod pdmdjrd (Eakoead, Jacquèhaed) oc sk djrkvado Edf fd ea eatd tdea eaõo õo ko km tk tkx xtc sk fd uo oò oòhk hkrc rc,,  Uastkhd fk skeukoead fk Eatdeaõo2 Ed gkokrdmhkotk echc uo supkrèofaek, ko km crfko quk sk hkoeacod pcr prahkrd vkz ko km tkxtc< Md mastd fk rkikrkoeads kstä crfkodfd skeukoeadmhkotk pcr oòhkrc y oc ks dmidjátaed. Cjvadhkotk, md dfaeaõo c kmahaodeaõo fk rkikrkoeads oc ks iäeam y ksc pcfrèd skr uo grdo  prcjmkhd pdrd mcs dutcrks fk drtèeumcs eco vdrads rkikrkoeads. Md ouhkrdeaõo ko km crfko ko quk sk kouhkrdo mds eatds tdhjaáo skpdrdrä vdrads rkikrkoeads fkm hashc dutcr, mc quk tdhjaáo pcfrèd skr uod fksvkotdbd.

:.44.: Uchk Ctnkr Assuks ciZkikrkoe ciZkikrkoekk Eatdtaco

Watn tnk sdhk odhk(s) dof ykdr, usk 'd , 'j , ditkr tnk ykdr (kxdhpmk2 Ueakotast :001d, :001j, kte.) Dmpndjktazk 'He icmmcwaog tnk crfkr ci tnk mkttkrs, oct ds ai at wkrk wrattko cut 'Hde 2 HdeJrdyok, Hdelkozak, HeFcodmf Dmpndjktazk ''Ut ao tnk sdhk wdy, oct ds ai at wkrk wrattko cut ''Udaot (cr Utrkkt!)2 Mast ''Utdomky, Ut. Yaoekot, Uuofdr (oct ''Ut. Yaoekot, Utdomky, Uuofdr . ) Wnamk mastaog odhks watn prkiaxks suen ds ''fk,'' ''vdo,'' ''vco,'' dof sc co, usk tnk icrh ao wnaen tnk odhk as mastkf jy tnk dutncr ecoekrokf, cr icmmcw tnk bcurodm s farketavks Jk spkeaiae dof emkdr wnko rkikrraog tc schkjcfy's wcrl cr cpaoaco (dvcaf tnk sc-edmmkf ''ndof-wdvaog rkikrkoek )2 fc oct rkikr tc ''Uhatn s emdssae wcrl watncut spkeaiyaog wndt Uhatn s wcrl wds cr ncw at as rkmdtkf tc wndt as jkaog rkpcrtkf Wnko humtapmk dutncrs drk eatkf ao d skotkoek, kden icr d spkeaiae wcrl hkotacokf ao tnk skotkoek, tnk rkmkvdot dutncr sncumf jk mastkf dgdaost tndt spkeaiae wcrl, rdtnkr tndo  puttaog dmm eatdtacos tcgktnkr dt tnk kof ci tnk skotkoek< icr kxdhpmk ''Furaog tnk 41>0s dof 4110s, sagoaiaedot prcgrkss wds hdfk ao afkotaiyaog tnk ouhkrcus humtapurpcsk trkks uskf ao aofagkocus dgrcicrkstry systkhs dof uofkrstdofaog tnk rcmk ci trkks ao scam  prcfuetavaty kondoekhkot. 4,:,5,6 Vnksk eatdtacos jkechk hcrk dpprcpradtk dof emkdr wnko tnk skotkoek as prkskotkf ds ''Furaog tnk 41>0s dof 4110s, sagoaiaedot prcgrkss wds hdfk ao afkota afkotaiya iyaog og tnk ouhkrc ouhkrcus us humtap humtapurp urpcsk csk trkks trkks uskf uskf ao aofagk aofagkocu ocuss dgrcic dgrcicrkst rkstry ry 4,: 5,6 systkhs  dof uofkrstdofaog tnk rcmk ci trkks ao scam prcfuetavaty kondoekhkot. :.44.: Ctrds Eukstacoks fk Zkikrkoead

Eco km (mcs) hashc (s) ochjrk (s) y dôc, usk 'd,' j, fkspuás fkm dôc (kbkhpmc2 Eakotèiaec :001d, :001j, kte.) Dmidjktazdr 'He saguakofc km crfko fk mds mktrds, oc echc sa kstuvakrd kseratc' Hde2 HdeJrdyok, Hdelkozak, HeFcodmf Dmidjktazdr '' Ut fk md hashd hdokrd, oc echc sa iukrd kseratc '' Udo (c Edmmk!)2 Mastd Utdomky, Udo Yaekotk, Uuofdr (oc Udo Yaekotk, Utdomky, Uuofdr).

 

Hakotrds rds sk kouhk kouhkrdo rdo ochjrks eco prkiabcs prkiabcs echc '' fk, '' '' vdo, '' '' vco '', kte., utamaek utamaek km Hakot icrhumdrac ko km quk km ochjrk dpdrkek mastdfc pcr km dutcr ko eukstaõo c sagd mds farketavds fk md rkvastd Ukd kspkeèiaec y emdrc dm rkikrarsk d md cjrd u cpaoaõo fk dmguako (kvatk md mmdhdfd "rkikrkoead d hdoc")2 oc sk rkiakrko dm trdjdbc emäsaec fk Uhatn sao kspkeaiaedr km trdjdbc fk Uhatn c eõhc sk rkmdeacod eco mc quk ks Uakofc rkpcrtdfc Eudofc sk eatd d vdracs dutcrks ko uod crdeaõo, edfd uoc fk kmmcs pdrd uod cjrd kspkeèiaed hkoeacodfd ko md crdeaõo, km dutcr pkrtaokotk fkjk kouhkrdrsk ko ecotrd fk ksd cjrd kspkeèiaed, ko mugdr fk buotdr tcfds mds eatds dm iaodm fk md irdsk< Pcr kbkhpmc "Furdotk mcs dôcs >0 y 10, sk mcgrdrco dvdoeks sagoaiaedtavcs ko md afkotaiaedeaõo fk mcs ouhkrcscs ärjcmks pcmavdmkotks utamazdfcs ko mcs sastkhds dgrcicrkstdmks aofègkods y ko md echprkosaõo fkm pdpkm fk mcs ärjcmks ko md hkbcrd fk md prcfuetavafdf fkm sukmc. 4,:,5,6 Kstds eatds sk ndeko häs dprcpadfds y emdrds eudofc md crdeaõo sk prkskotd echc "Fur "F urdo dotk tk md mdss fá fáed edfd fdss fk 41 41>0 >0 y 41 4110 10,, sk mc mcgr grdrc drco o dv dvdo doeks eks sa sago goai aiaed aedta tavc vcss ko md afko af kota taia iaed edea eaõo õo fk mc mcss ou ouhk hkrc rcsc scss är ärjc jcmk mkss pc pcma mavd vdmk mkot otks ks ut utam amaz azdf dfcs cs ko sa sast stkh khds ds dgrcic dgr cicrkst rkstdmk dmkss aof aofègk ègkods ods4,: 4,: y ko md ech echprk prkosa osaõo õo fkm pdpkm fk Ko md hkb hkbcrd crd fk md  prcfuetavafdf fkm sukmc.

:.4: Dppkofax

Doy dffatacodm aoicrhdtaco tndt as rkmkvdot tc tnk pdpkr, jut as ci skecofdry ahpcrtdoek, hdy jk dffkf ds Dppkofax, sujbket tc tnk bcurodm s pcmaey. Vnksk aoemufk fktdams ci  ke kecm cmcg cgae aedm dm idetc idetcrs rs suen suen ds wkdt wkdtnk nkr, r, sc scam am,, do dof f pm pmdo dots ts