SPM english
Short Description
SPM English...
Description
As a student, we need the great and bombastic words in essay to score higher marks...thus, this words below maybe will help you to improve your English writing... To indicate more information • Besides - Making an additional point; anyway
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Furthermore
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In addition
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Moreover
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Likewise
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Indeed – In truth
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In fact
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Also
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As well
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Foremost - Ranking above all others; Preceding all others in spatial position
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First, Second, Third, Finally
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Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly
To indicate an example • For example
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For instance
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In particular
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Particularly - Specifically or especially distinguished from others
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Specifically
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To illustrate
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To demonstrate
To indicate a cause or reason • Since
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Because
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Because of
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Due to
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For
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For the reason that
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As
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Inasmuch as - Since
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Whereby - As a result of which, By which, "the means whereby we achieved our goal"
To indicate a result or an effect • Accordingly - because of the reason given
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Consequently
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Hence
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So
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Therefore
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Thus
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Thusly - In the way indicated
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Thence - From that fact or reason or as a result
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Therefrom - From that circumstance or source
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Thereof - Of or concerning this or that, From that circumstance or source
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Corollary - A practical consequence that follows naturally, "blind jealousy is a frequent corollary of passionate love" To conclude • For the aforementioned reasons
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For the aforementioned reasons, there is no doubt that
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To sum up the foregoing,
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Given these facts
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In conclusion
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In closing
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To conclude
To express an opinion • In all due fairness
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With good judgment, (one/we may)
To describe or make • vivid
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portray
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depict
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exhibit
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illustrate
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expose
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present
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paint a portrait
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limn - Trace the shape of, make a portrait of
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delineate
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represent
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demonstrate
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constitute - Form or compose
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embodied - (adj) Expressed by
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embody - (v) Represent or express in tangible form
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embodiment
To prove
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manifest - Provide evidence for; stand as proof of
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attest - Provide evidence for
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testify - Provide evidence for
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certify - Provide evidence for
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endorse, indorse - Give support or one's approval to
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shew - Establish the validity of something, as by an example, explanation or experiment
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establish
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instance - (v) Clarify by giving an example of
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exemplify - (v) Clarify by giving an example of
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To compare or contrast • Whereas
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In comparison
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In contrast
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However
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Although
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On the other hand
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Likewise
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Similarly
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But
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Yet
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Withal - Despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
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Withal - Together with this
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Nevertheless - Despite anything to the contrary
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Nonetheless - Despite anything to the contrary
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Notwithstanding - Despite anything to the contrary
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Even so - Despite anything to the contrary
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All the same - Despite anything to the contrary
To indicate time • After
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Before
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Currently
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During
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Eventually
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Finally
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First, Second, etc.
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Formerly
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Immediately
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Initially
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Lastly
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Later
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Meanwhile
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Next
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Once
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Previously
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Simultaneously
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Soon
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Subsequently
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Subsequent - Following in time and order
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Hitherto, Heretofore - Used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time, “The sun hasn’t rose hitherto.”
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In due time
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Henceforth
To indicate certainty • Truly
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Sincerely
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Genuinely
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Surely
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Rightfully
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Absolutely
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Indubitably
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Certainly
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Without doubt
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Needless to say
To indicate doubt • Most likely
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More likely
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Possibly
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Probably
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Dubitable - Open to doubt or suspicion
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Dubious - Distressed with uncertainty or doubt
To summarize • Overall
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To summarize
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In summary
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To sum up
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Paraphrased
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Briefly
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In brief
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Summing up
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To put it briefly
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précis - A sketchy summary, Make a summary (of)
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synopsis - A sketchy summary
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apercu - A short synopsis
To provide a condition • provision, proviso - A stipulated condition
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stipulate - Specify as a condition or requirement in a contract
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given
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if
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whether
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whenever
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when
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while
To express positive words • magnificent
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grandeur - The quality of being magnificent or splendid or grand, the quality of being exalted in character or ideals or conduct
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magnanimous - The quality of being exalted in character or ideals or conduct
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fantastic
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fantastical
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phenomenal
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wonderful
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extraordinary
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marvelous
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superb
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good
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fine
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great
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avid - Emotionally desirable
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avid ambition to succeed
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excellent
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spectacular
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prodigious
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grand
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brilliant
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glorious - Bringing great happiness and thankfulness
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illustrious - Widely known and esteemed
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notable - Worthy of notice
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respected
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impressive
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splendid
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splendiferous - Having great beauty and splendor
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resplendent - Having great beauty and splendor, Richly and brilliantly colorful
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flamboyant - Elaborately or excessively ornamented, Richly and brilliantly colorful
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redoubtable - Having or worthy of pride
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formidable - Extremely impressive in strength or excellence
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prowess
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superior
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terrific
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tremendous
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wondrous - Extraordinarily good
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wonderful
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sublime - Inspiring awe, Lifted up or set high
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flair - natural talent
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knack - A special way of doing something
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outshine - Attract more attention and praise than others
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paramount - Having superior power and influence
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predominant
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preponderating
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prevailing
To show intelligence • profound
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shrewd – hardheaded (practical experience and observation) intelligence
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astute
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acumen - Shrewdness shown by keen insight
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insightful
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savvy - The cognitive condition of someone who understands
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cognition - The psychological result of perception, learning and reasoning
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genius
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smart
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sharp
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keen
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mastermind
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Einstein - Someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
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work of art
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fine art
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maven - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
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mavin - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
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adept - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
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whiz - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
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wizard - Someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
To intensify • incredibly
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exceedingly
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toppingly - extremely well
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extremely
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extraordinarily
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truly
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really
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very
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utterly - Completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers, With sublimity; in a sublime
manner
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absolutely
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perfectly
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sublimely
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dramatically
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sheer - (adj.) Complete and without restriction or qualification; sometimes used informally as an intensifier; (adv.) Directly "he fell sheer into the water"
Said
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enounced, enunciated - Speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
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pronounced - Speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way
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articulated - Express or state clearly
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vocalized - Express or state clearly
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posited - Put firmly
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stated
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expressed
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reported
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alleged - Declared but not proved
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averred - Report or maintain, To declare or affirm in a grave manner and formally as true
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affirmed, asserted
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wrote
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composed
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indited - Produce a literary work
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penned - Produce a literary work
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spelt - Indicate or signify
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voiced, sounded - Give voice to
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demean - Reduce in worth or character, usually verbally
Noted (said) • remarked
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denoted - Be a sign or indication of, "Her smile denoted that she agreed"
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observed
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commented
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mentioned
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referred
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announced
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noticed
Precisely
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explicitly
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accurately
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expressly
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exactly
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incisively
Numerous • innumerable
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many
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various
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several
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diverse
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umpteen
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umteen
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myriad (noun and adj.)
Praise
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extol - (v) Praise, glorify, or honor
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exalt
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glorify
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laud
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proclaim
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revere
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idolize
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worship
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venerate
Call Forth • evoke - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
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arouse - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
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elicit - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
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enkindle - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
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provoke - Call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)
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inflame - Arouse or excite feelings and passions
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awake - Stop sleeping
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conjure - Evoke or call forth, with or as if by magic
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invoke - Evoke or call forth, with or as if by magic
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summon - Gather or bring together
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instill - deposit gradually
Sequence •
First / firstly,
Result •
So
Emphasis •
Undoubtedly
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• • • • • • •
second / secondly, third / thirdly etc Next, last, finally In addition, moreover Further / furthermore Another Also In conclusion To summarise
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• • • •
And In addition / additionally / an additional Furthermore Also Too As well as
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• • • • • • •
Reason • • • • •
Contrast •
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Addition •
As a result As a consequence (of) Therefore Thus Consequently Hence Due to
However • Nevertheless • Nonetheless • Still • Although / even • • though Though • But • Yet • Despite / in spite • of In contrast (to) / • in comparison While Whereas On the other hand On the contrary
For Because Since As Because of
Indeed Obviously Generally Admittedly In fact Particularly / in particular Especially Clearly Importantly Example
• • • • • •
For example For instance That is (ie) Such as Including Namely
Comparison Similarly Likewise Also Like Just as Just like Similar to Same as Compare compare(d) to / with Not only...but also
PSEUDO- = not genuine; False or pretended eg, pseudo-intelectual
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DUBIOUS = 1-doubtful eg, I was rather dubious about the whole idea. 2-suspicious eg, They indulged in some highly dubious business practices to obtain their current position in the market. 3-that you cannot be sure about; that is probably not good eg, They consider the plan to be of dubious benefit to most families. || She had the dubious honour of being the last woman to be hanged in England (= it was not an honour at all).
LETHARGY = the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things ; listlessness ; inertia eg, The report criticizes the lethargy shown by employers when it comes to job creation. || i'm feeling lethargic
ARCANE = secret and mysterious and therefore difficult to understand eg, her arcane lecture makes lily confused
SEETHE = 1-to be extremely angry about something but try not to show other people how angry you are eg, She seethed silently in the corner || He marched off, seething with frustration. || inwardly, he was seething at this challenge to his authority. 2-to move around quickly and violently eg, The grey ocean seethed beneath them. 3-seethe (with something) (formal) (of a place) eg, the resort is seething with tourists all year round. SCOWL = to look at somebody/something in an angry or annoyed way eg ,The receptionist scowled at me.
APPREHENSION = worry or fear that something unpleasant may happen; anxiety eg, They shivered with apprehension
SARCASM = a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them eg, ‘That will be useful,’ she snapped with heavy sarcasm = actually she really thought it would not be useful at all) || a hint/touch/trace of sarcasm in his voice
COVERT = secret or hidden, making it difficult to notice eg, He stole a covert glance at her across the table.
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MIASMA = a mass of air that is dirty and smells unpleasant eg, the cloying miasma of alcoholic beverages
ORGY = an extreme amount of a particular activity eg, The rebels went on an orgy of killing. || an orgy of spending
HITHERTO = until now; until the particular time you are talking about eg, Her life hitherto had been devoid of adventure. || a hitherto unknown species of butterfly
DEMEANOUR = the way that somebody looks or behaves eg, He maintained a professional demeanour
IMMACULATE = 1- Spotless; extremely clean and tidy eg, The property is in immaculate condition. 2-Perfect; containing no mistakes eg, His sense of timing was immaculate
INTACT = Undamaged; complete and not damaged eg, Most of the house remains intact even after two hundred years || He emerged from the trial with his reputation intact.
SAD Bitter Morbid Somber Despondent Dejected Depressed Down Doleful Downcast Forlorn Doldrums Heartbroken In The Dumps Gloomy Bereaved HAPPY Blissful Perky 11
Content Jubilant Estatic Lively Delighted Gay Upbeat Sparkling On Cloud Nine Thrilled Chirpy Walking On Air Merry
FUNNY laughable Amusing Antic Good-humoured Comic / Comical Goofy Humourous Loony Wacky Facetious Playful Jesting Funny Pulling one's leg Entertaining SCARED Freeze Paralyze Spook Scare silly Scare the pants off Panic 12
Shake up Horrified Startled Cowed Petrified Alarmed Rattled Faint-Hearted Have a cold feet MAD unstable insane daft delirious psychotic unsound mind deranged nonsensical lunatic rabid foolhardy illogical irrational ANGRY Outraged furious irate incensed sulky cross mad annoyed galled bitter infuriated displeased indignant fuming vexed LOVING amiable considerate kind benevolent caring doting 13
devoted warm sweet motherly congenial affectionate adulate be fascinated with hold dear TIRED burn out faint strain overwork dispirit give out exhausted worn out repulsed / had enough melt away wither diminish PEACEFUL calm composed placid tranquil gentle nonviolent mellow unruffled neighbourly serene sedate clammed up soundless unmoved could hear a pin drop
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SECTION B: CONTINUOUS WRITING: 50 MARKS CONTINOUS: ARTICLE: Description on a Person A Prominent Malaysian Leader As the fourth and most dynamic Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad will indelible impression on the sands of Malaysia for many years to come. He held the post for 22 years from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest-serving Prime Minister, and one of the longest-serving leaders in Asia. Born on 20th December, 1925 in Alor Setar, Dr. Mahathir is the son of a teacher. He is the youngest of nine children of a school teacher and a housewife. His father, Mohamad Iskandar, was of Indian descent, being the son of a Muslim and a Malay mother, while Mahathir's own mother, Datin Wan Tempawan Wan Hanafi, was Malay. He is married to Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah binti Haji Mohamad Ali, they have seven children, four sons and three daughters. From an early age, Tun Mahathir had the importance of educationdrummed into him by his father, who was also a strict disciplinarian. After his early education at the Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid in Alor Setar, he enrolled at the King Edward VII College of Medicine in the University of Singapore. Armed with a MBBS degree in medicine, he set up his own clinic, the Maha Clinic in Alor Setar. As a doctor, Tun Mahathir came into close contact with people from variety of social strataand enjoyed a close rapport with them. He understood their problems. Thus, when he was thrust into the politic limelight, he strove to fulfil the needs of the people. 15
He was first catapulted into the world of politics when he became the Member of Parliement for Alor Setar in 1964. After holding a number of portfolios, including Minister of Education, Minister of Trade and Industry and Deputy Prime Minister, he finally became the Prime Minister on 16th July, 1981. The country flourished with Dr. Mahathir at the helm of the government. His contributions to the nation are so immense and par excellence. He has left his mark in every aspect – in politics, economy or education. Realizing that government-owned enterprises are neither efficient nor profitable, he initiated the privation policy in 1983. This had immediate effect of cutting down bureaucraticineptitude and operational cost while at the same time generating more revenue. With collapse of the prices of agricultural commodities in the eighties, Tun Mahathir decided that it was time to shift the nation’s focus to more profitable areas. Thus, he started the industrialization programme. Reputed as the country’s top salesman, he showcased Malaysia to investors abroad in a bid to woo them. As a result of the heavy industrialization drive, major projects like national car project or PROTON and the steel company, PERWAJA, together with other mega project were launched one after another. Next, realizing that industrialization would require a good infrastructure, he set about improving it. The Mahathir era saw a successful completion of the North-South Highway, the East-West Highway, the Multimedia Super Corridor, the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang and many more. An astute politician, he charted the growth of the country’s progress from the day he took office. He envisages that Malaysia can only attain the status of a fully developed country if it becomes an industrialization one and this ambition has been his main agenda during his tenure. With this in mind, he announced Vision 2020, his most ambitious vision. Frank and outspoken by nature, Tun Mahathir speak without fear nor favour. This has been the hallmark of thus much respected statesman. The inefficiency of local and international organizations has always come under his scrutiny and critism. It has been almost two decades since Tun Mahathir took over reins of the government. It has undoubtedly been the golden era for Malaysia with many notable achievements. 630 words CONTINOUS: ARTICLE: Description on Places The Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) is one of Asia's major aviation hubs and is a destination in itself. It is located at the top of the southern corridor of Peninsular Malaysia, bordering the states of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. It is situated in the Sepang district, approximately 50 km from the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. This RM 9 billion airport was opened by his majesty, the Yang DiPertuan Agong Tuanku Jaafar on June 27, 1998. The airport which covers 10 000 hectares of land took less than 5 years to build. It has a capacity to handle 25 million passengers and 1.2 million tonnes of cargo annually. Despite its mammoth size, it is user-friendly and as our former Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad pointed out, it is not just an airport but a 16
piece of art delicates to beauty as well as the environment. It is often described as the “airport in the forest, forest in the airport” because it is a futuristic structure set in rainforest landscaping. Lush tropical forests, with its diverse and exotic flora, skirt the entire airport structure. The control tower, standing at 130 metres, is one the tallest in the world. The colourful flora and the cascading waterfalls are part of spectacular and breathtaking sight which can be viewed from the Super View Corridor. Moving through the airport complex provides the visitor with glimpses of different forest – highlands, swamp, bamboo and multicoloured flora. The five-level Main Terminal building which is 241 000 squares metres, is located right at the heart of the airport complex. The building with its futuristic design of glass and steel is both the entry and exit point of passengers. On the top of the building is the departure concourse, and other facilities such as foreign exchange counters and international telephone facilities. The Satellite Building where passengers make connections to other international flights is linked to the Main International Building by an automated train shuttle. The Satellite Building houses lounges, prayers rooms, duty free shops and a 80-room hotel for transit passengers. The KLIA will be the country’s nucleus that will spearhead business and trade. It is expected to provide 30 000 jobs and reap economic benefits for the country. The successful completion of the airport well ahead of schedule reflects the ability of Malaysians to build a world-class airport that has become the pride of the country. 397 words CONTINOUS: Descriptive - Description of a Scene A Road Accident Road accidents are reported in newspaper and on television every day. There are more frequently caused by reckless drivers rather than faulty vehicles. Last Saturday, while I was travelling from Ipoh, I witnessed a serious accident. The scene of the accidents was vivid in my mind. A motorcyclist was following behind was taxi very closely. He was so impatient that he was trying to overtake my taxi even near a sharp bend. At that critical moment, there was an oncoming car. The taxi driver swerved to the roadside and I got a terrible jolt. It was too late for the motorcyclist to avoid the car. His motorcycle ran against the bumper of the car and smashed its windscreen. The motorcyclist somersaulted over the car and was found lying in a pool of blood. It was a scene to chill the flesh! The car driver, who was cut by the flying glass, was in a state of shock. All that happened in split second and fear overwhelmed us. The taxi driver stopped his taxi and I quickly ran to the nearest to the nearest telephone booth to inform the police and the hospital. From a distance I could see some people trying to help the injured motorcyclist and the car driver. They carried them into one of the onlooker’s car and sent them to the hospital for treatment. Meanwhile the taxi driver tried to control and directs the traffic. Soon the police arrived and they promptly took some measurements and evidence. 17
After that they moved the damaged car and the motorcycle to the roadside to ease the traffic congestion. They also took down the evidence provided by witnesses and onlookers. Some sweepers were clearing the debris and the blood stains on the road. When the taxi finally continued the journey, I silently thanked God for my narrow escape. I learned a good lesson that impatience and recklessness would bring harm and danger. I was happy to see that Malaysians are public-spirited and they render help to others readily. Since then I remember and follow the saying ‘more haste less speed’ and ‘prevention is better than cure’. I believe good road manners and roads safety campaigns can help to reduce the number of road accidents which cause injuries, loss and lives and properties. 381 words
CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – Title Given My Most Embarrassing Situation Everyone has been embarrassed at one time or another. It is that moment in time when you wish the earth would open up and swallow you. The anxiety and discomfort felt during that time which may only last a few seconds feels like time has stood still. I remember so well when I had my most embarrassing moment. I was in Form 4 and it was during the school recess. The minute the bell rang for recess, I rushed to the toilet because I had been controlling my urges since class started. I didn’t want to miss class because the lesson taught that morning was to include tips for the forthcoming examination. Without realising, I had rushed to the girls’ toilet. The prolonged control and an upset stomach made worse by two glasses of cold milk in the morning made me grunt and groan in what I thought in what I thought was the privacy of the cubicle. I thought I heard giggling outside and wondered why the giggles sounded unusually near. A few minutes later I came out the cubicle and discovered my horror that I had entered the girls’ toilet. To make matters worse, the few girls standing outside didn’t even turn away when I came out. Instead they looked down at me, then only they turned quickly away. Horror of horrors, I had forgotten to zip up! No beetroot could have matched the colour of my face at this point in time! They news of my predicament spread like wild fire throughout school. I was truly the talk of the town. I felt like I could either walk around feeling 18
perpetually self-conscious and embarrassed or I could turn the situation round, perhaps even to my advantage. I remembered my mother’s words that ‘if you can’t beat them, join them’. So I decided to make fun of myself, to laugh at myself too. It works. Everyone got bored after a while and nobody teased me after that. It was indeed an eye-opening experience for me. I have learnt that when people laugh at you, you should laugh along. You must not take yourself seriously. Learn to look at yourself through other people’s eyes and you will realise that most of the time when they laugh at you, they just want to have some fun. They mean no harm. If you can make people laugh, it’s like bringing sunshine into their lives and as someone said, ‘those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves.’ 421 words
CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING – With a starting phrase Write a story starting with: “The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone...” The widow had to work hard to bring up her little son alone. This was after her husband’s early death. She and her son lived in a wooden house. It was a small house with only one bedroom and a kitchen. Mariam wanted Sam to study hard to get good result. So she would not let Sam help her do any household chores or wash his own clothes. The years flew by. Sam sat for his SPM examination and pass with flying colours. His mother was very happy. She went round telling her friends, “My Sam will be leaving for the city to study in a college. He will become a Manager one day. I’ll move to live with him in the city. Then, my struggle is worth it.” So Mariam continued to work hard to send money to Sam who was studying a business degree. For Mariam, it was a tough life. Meanwhile, Sam kept on phoning home to ask for more money. Mariam even had to borrow from her neighbours and friends to send her son the money. Three years Sam stopped calling home. He did not even let his mother where he was. When she phoned the faculty, they told her that he had graduated and left for job. However, they could not her more. Mariam was baffled. Where was Sam? She was so sure he would come back and fetch her for city. So, she started to pack some of her bags and boxes. Three months later, there was still no news or call from Sam. One day, Mariam’s niece, Kate, came to talk to her about Sam. She told her aunt, “Auntie, 19
a friend of mine met Sam in a bank. He’s the branch manager. This is his address.” Early in the morning, Mariam took the first bus to the city. At the bus station, she took a taxi and showed the taxi driver the bank address. On the way there, she told the driver about Sam and what a filial son he was. The driver stopped his taxi in front of a tall building. She got out of the taxi and smiled at him happily. This was the moment she was going to meet Sam. She imagined him showing surprise and delight at meeting his mother. Inside the building, a security guard asked her who she was looking for. She told the guard Sam’s name. The bank staff saw an old lady holding a worn-out handbag. They were wondering, “Who is this woman? Why is she asking for our manager?” Meanwhile, Sam pretended he did not know his mother. Feeling disgusted and ashamed, he asked the security guard to ask her to leave. Mariam was shocked to hear that! She looked Sam in a disappointed feeling ever, and ran out of the bank. Back in her house, Mariam cried the whole night. She cried and cried till she had no more tears. The next morning, she was sitting by the window with Sam’s photo on her lap. She saw him walking towards their house. Soon she was shouting and crying, “My Sam is back! My Sam is back!” Sam ran towards her and hugged Mariam as he never let go. He was so sorry and regretted the way he behaved. His colleagues were the one who made him realized his big mistakes neglected his mother. The neighbours heard her. They too shouted and cheered, feeling happy for her. CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING: With an ending Write a story ending with “... En. Nizam was grateful he had such good neighbours.” Not even in his wildest dream did En. Nizam think he would lose so much in such a short time. It had been a trying period. When he got word that his father was on his death bed, En. Nizam’s family rushed to his hometown. Even before the funeral rites were over, he received a call from his immediate neighbour that his house was partly destroyed by fire and that the cause of the fire was believed to be arson. Members of En. Nizam’s immediate family and his relatives were in state of disarray. First, it was the death of an elder member of a family, then this misfortune. Although En. Nizam was worried, deep in his heart he knew that he had very good neighbours, friends who would stand by him in good times and bad. Sure enough, the minute he set foot in the compound of his house, he knew he was right. His neighbours, Mr. Subra and En. Majid, were there taking a close watch on the house. He learnt from them that the neighbours had been taking turns to keep an all-day vigil on the house. He thanked them from the bottom of his heart. After inspecting the damage caused by the fire, En. Majid handed donations collected by the residents living in the area. His neighbours had 20
passed the hat around and the donations came up to a significant amount. Although, the donations was still short of the amount required to repair the damages, en. Nazim was grateful. The next day, En. Nazim was even more overwhelmed by the care and concern shown by his neighbours. They were there to extend their condolences and to show their support. Donations came pouring in. The women folk were busy preparing all the meals for the family. With the help of his neighbours, En. Nizam got a building contractor to repair the damaged sections of the house. The repair and renovations took almost a week to complete. When the house was ready, the neighbour turned up in full force to congratulate him. Tears welled up in E. Nizam’s eyes. He was at a loss for words. En. Nizam was grateful he had such good neighbours. 367 words
CONTINUOUS: ARGUMENTATIVE Which do you prefer, living in the countryside or living in the city? Countryside I think living in the countryside is far better than living in the city. There are numerous of reasons why living in countryside is the better than the city. The scenery, the streets, the people and the paced are totally different compare to the city. The first outstanding characteristic about the countryside is that it is beautiful and peaceful. The air is fresh and the surroundings green. This is because the countryside is free from pollution, be it air, land or noise pollution. There no such perfect peaceful view that you can see other than in the countryside. There are no crowded streets and heavy traffic in the countryside. Thus there are no fumes from cars and smoke from factories buildings to pollute the air. The trees surrounded the countryside help the people from inhaling the polluted air. The freshness smell of plant somehow helps the people of the countryside to have a healthy life. Furthermore, people in the countryside are more conscious of keeping their surroundings clean and so there is little throwing of rubbish everywhere, only at designated places. This is unlike the cities where if the garbage trucks do not collect the rubbish disposed by household or restaurants, the city will be overflowing with rubbish! This will attract the mosquitoes, fly, rats and wild dogs to pollute their surrounding that will cause them to have diseases like dengue and cholera. 21
Thirdly, heavy traffic and crowded streets increase the level of noise pollution. The honking of cars in the streets is continuous and the crowds on the roads increase the hub of activity. There are also sound of the machine used in manufacturing factories, loud radio in and out the mall. These add to the noise of the city. Even if one lives in residential areas, one is never far from busy streets. However, in the countryside, life is slow-paced. There is no need to rush around because there are not too many places to go. Most places are close by and people can walk or cycle. Less vehicle used, so less fumes is released. The most heart-warming thing about the countryside is the attitude of people. People are friendly and helpful. If there are any happy or festive occasions, everyone pitches in to help. This feeling of cooperation and neighbourliness is what separates the countryside from the city. In the city, people are too busy to take note of the people around. Some hardly even know their neighbours. So they would not even be bothered about what happens to people around. This is why the crime rate is increasing in the city because bystanders do not rush in to help if a crime is committed on the streets. The pace of life in the countryside is slow so people have more time to enjoy life as the day goes on. Thus, for me to enjoy the quality of life, I prefer to live in the countryside. 489 words
City In my opinion, one has not experienced life until one has lived in the city. There is so much to see and experience in the bright lights of the city that you cannot get in the countryside. Here in the city, you can learn about how to get along with people of different types, encounter varied situations and solve problems. All these help a person to grow in maturity. After all, experience is the best teacher. In the countryside, however, you only move around people you are used to. So, you seldom encounter strangers or new and demanding situations. Life is more mundane and routine-like. Staying in a secure, safe place does not allow for one to gain new experiences and grow in maturity. Furthermore, young people need a life that is exciting and pleasurable. It is the city that offers you entertainment- cinemas, parks and eating places. Here you can hang out with friends and family members. Life as fast-paced and this keeps you active and alert all times. And when it comes to educational opportunities, the city abounds in this. There are good school and libraries that are necessary for your mental development. Furthermore, there are places like museums and educational centres where you can go, to increase your knowledge. Such places that offer you entertainment or learning opportunities are of course not available in the countryside. For entertainment, there is only the occasional festive celebration or marriage feast or fishing outing. Some may find
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this appealing but not me. Moreover, opportunities to widen your knowledge are limited in the countryside. Another point in support of living in the city is the available of jobs. In the city, you can find a job that suits your qualification or interest. If you find a job unsuitable, you can always move to another. This, naturally, increases your earning power and you have better chances of a more comfortable life. Of course, one may argue that one can live in the countryside and work in the city but this will only incur extra expenses and unnecessary inconveniences. Thus, for all the reasons mentioned above, I think that life in the city is better than living in the countryside. After all, you are young only once. 374 words
CONTINUOUS: EXPOSITORY Social Networking Website A large number of internet users have joined social networking websites. A social network service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among people. For example is for those who wants to share interests and, or activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each user which known often as a profile, his or her social links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social network service. In a broader sense, social network service usually means an individual-centered service whereas online community services are group-centered. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks. In the last five years, they have been growing up more and more popular. This increase in their popularity has led to a large number of members. One of the many reasons why Yahoo!, MySpace and Facebook social networking websites have increased in popularity is due to the fact that they cover a wide variety of different topics, issues and interest. They do not just focus on one particular group of individuals or one particular issue. Their policy is to invite as many types of internet users to join as possible. By this, it gives members a wide selection of online friends to choose from. If you are looking to join a social networking website that is more focused on creating friendships or partnerships between internet users preferable with the same interests, then you will want to focus on social networking websites. They have a particular focus. The prevalent websites focus on important issues, topics and hobbies, such as pet owners, religion travel and others. So before you join, think of an issue you are interested in and sign up for the website that focuses on that issue.
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What really sets them apart from other websites? What is so special about them? These are questions which have been asked by many who show interest in joining. Primarily, it is the community. As mentioned, such social networking sites tend to focus on a particular topic, issue or hobby. This means that if you are a keen traveller and you would like to speak to other keen travellers, you will want to join a traveller’s networking sites. The difference between these social networking sites and traditional ones is that you will automatically be paired with hundreds, if not thousands, of other internet users who share the same interests, views or beliefs as you. This is a big bonus to the members. Another benefit to joining the social networking website is that you are, in a way, safer than those who are members of other networks. Most of them require activation before joining the site. Before activation can occur, many users are required to state their reasons for wanting to join the network or they may be required to fill out a small questionnaire pertaining to determine whether or not they have a genuine interest in the topic focused on by the network in question. By pairing you with a group of individuals who share the same beliefs, views and interests as you do is advantageous to members. It means that you do not have to spend hours researching a person or speaking to them just to learn what they are or are not interested in. Therefore, this enables you to jump right in and start making friends, almost as soon as you are granted access to the site that you have chosen. This service gives the social networking websites a great edge over other websites. 629 words
CONTINUOUS: ONE-WORD ESSAY Pollution Pollution is an issue of concern in the modern world that we live in today. There are many types of pollution, namely air, water and noise. Pollution in our environment will undoubtedly affect our quality of life. Our naturally beautiful world becoming ugly because it is suffering from the effects of environmental pollution. Pollution can also cause various health problems and other negative effects. Air pollution is caused by the emission of toxic gases from vehicles, factories and open burning. Nowadays, there are more and more vehicles on the road as society gets more affluent. More and more people strive to have a better quality of life by having the convenience of driving to their destinations instead of taking public transportation. Automobiles provides transport to millions people around the world to enable them to travel to their workplace, school and other places, therefore, the air around us is getting more polluted by the carbon dioxide that is emitted. Carbon monoxide is another type of gas which harmful to the environment as it can cause the reduction of oxygen in the bloodstream. Another example of contributor to the air pollution is the manufacturing factories. The manufacturing of products in factories to meet the growing demand of society is also causing air pollution. Factories release toxic gases to the 24
environment. Some factories also use coal to generate heat and energy. As a result from the burning of coal, carbon dioxide is released into the environment. Besides factories, many people are still practising open burning as a way of disposing their household wastes. Although burning our household wastes is a convenient way of getting rid of our rubbish, it is harmful to the environment as it contributes to the worsening of the air quality. As a result, air pollution causes people to suffer from health problems such as chest pain and asthma. In extreme cases, people can contract lung cancer. Water pollution is also a problem that we are currently facing. The marine life is the first to suffer from water pollution as they depend on the nutrients in the water to survive. As a result, we are robbed of beautiful sea corals and unique species of fishes. Besides ruining our marine heritage, the disappearance of marine life will affect the livelihood of fishermen, not to mention our source of food. Water pollution is caused by harmful waster from industries, farms and sewerage systems which are dumped into our sources of water such as rivers and lakes. This irresponsible act contaminates our drinking water and can cause serious health problems and can even culminate in death. Noise pollution is another form of pollution. Noise from heavy machinery and vehicles can cause hearing problems and in extreme cases, deafness. As there is growing number of vehicles on the road, we are exposed to noise pollution every day. The government in advanced countries encourage their citizens to take the public buses and trains by providing an affordable and efficient transportation system. This effort discourages people from driving their private vehicles and consequently reduces the number of vehicles on the road. We must work together to reduce pollution so that the future generations can live in a healthy, unpolluted environment. As the saying goes, precaution is better than cure. Lets hands on hands together by recycle and conserve the world for the better future.
Does
academic
qualification
ensure
success?
Does Academic Qualification Ensure Success? Grades,they are just another way to describe ones intellect. However,is this true? School and Education is important,it provides a foundation for everyday skills, more specific to primary education. How many people will actually learn to read, write and communicate without education? Education is the act or process of imparting and/or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning, judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life (dictionary). Academic qualifications are the degrees, diplomas, certificates, professional titles and so forth that an individual has acquired whether by full-time study, part-time study or private study, whether discussed in the home country or abroad and whether consulted by educational authorities, special examining bodies or professional bodies(OECD). The 'history of education' is about the development of systematic methods of teaching and learning. Presumably, every generation since the beginning of human existence somehow passed on its stock of values, traditions, methods and skills to the next generation. In my opinion academic qualification does not 25
ensure success in life. Academic Qualification ensures success in life by getting a good job and getting paid well. Academic qualifications displays that a person has the basics in learning. If their basic grounding in Math, Science and Language is strong, then one can get success in life because mastering these subjects allows a person to calculate, to innovate and to communicate. These essentials for success cannot be learned without professional help like in schools and colleges. In order to prove that someone has acquired this knowledge, one is tested. If a persons learning is satisfactory, then they are given a certificate to indicate their... [continues]
Academic Excellence Guarantees A Successful Life In this era of globalization, a good education is very important for each and everyone of us in order to have a better and successful life in the future. Students in school and college have always been reminded to strive for excellence in their academic so that they can graduate with flying colors and can easily get a better job compare to those who did not did well in their academic. In my opinion, academic excellence does guarantees a successful life. Here are some of my reason for why academic excellence guarantees a successful life. First of all, a person with high education can easily decide what they want in their life compare to the person with low education because how educated we are influence the decision making in our life. Being well educated too gives us the advantage to choose a good career because through our education, we can identify our own capabilities and what we are really good at. Secondly, a person who have graduated from university are guaranteed to get a better career and good salary compare to the person who did 26
not finish their studies. A person who have owned their diploma or degree certificate have a higher opportunity to get the job than a person who did not owned any of the certificate and only depend on their job experience. This is because it shows that the person with the certificate have a better understanding and is capable of finishing a given task with less doubt than the person with no certificate at all. Finally, a person who are well educated guarantees to have a better life compare to the person who only depends on their looks and talent. Good looks and talent may be an assets for certain people to be successful, however good looks can fade away anytime as it is not permanent while of course talent is a big part, but you need to be really lucky for example to get good opportunities to success. Whereas high knowledge will always remain in you no... [continues]
Introduction 1: Nowadays academic excellence among the young is given much importance. While it is perfectly acceptable to strive to achieve good academic results, the notion that only academic excellence guarantees a successful life is not true. Students are pressured into taking more subjects than they can handle and this causes immense pressure among our young. The question is – can this endeavour absolutely confirm a dynamic future. Introduction 2: Within the last century or so, people have come to place much importance on academic excellence. The same can be said about academia in Malaysia. The government has placed priority in educating the young generation with the increase of funding and a more applicable standardized testing system. Even with all these improvements, does academic excellence guarantee a successful life? To some success is embodied in the 5c’s that includes tangible things which is cash, car and comfort. To others success may not be material assets but the legacy they leave behind for their children and future generations. For example when John F. Kennedy once said, “Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country”. Such inspiring stories can be viewed as success. 27
Point 1- Agrees : With that said, if success to a person is measured in assets, academic excellence will not hurt. For example if a person decides to become a medical doctor, he or she is almost guaranteed a successful life. This is because whether the country is at war or in an economic crisis or the country is prosperous; a doctor is bound to have work that can generate income to live a comfortable life. However, if a different profession is chosen such as business, there are too many variables for a guaranteed successful life even with a business degree. Life might be sailing at one point but as soon as something occurs, such as an economic recession, life might not be successful anymore. Although admittedly, for a person with... [continues]
The definition of success differs from person to person and field to field. One could take economic success as a touchstone to label a person successful in life, ignoring his of her other failures, like divorce, health, inefficiency, etc. Others may look at a capacity for overcoming challenges, irrespective of what someone earns and the nature of their private life. So who is a successful person and who is a failure? Do school and college grades and examination results provide a way of predicting or ensuring future success? If that is true, then we should encourage as many young people as possible to go to university and work hard to gain formal qualifications. But is it true? Aren’t some college drop-outs like Bill Gates and Richard Branson hugely successful icons of success? And should we automatically consider the millions of young people who have not had the opportunity to gain academic certificates to be failures in life? Success never depends upon grades. If success and opportunities were measured by grades then the corporate world and potential marriage partners would not ask for biodata in résumés, where other qualifications are also mentioned. Nor would they interview the prospects in order to find out what they are like as people, rather they would give a blind appointment to the people with the best 28
paper qualifications. So qualifications alone are never enough, success depends upon physical characteristics, personality, and a willingness to work hard. Success is not getting a grade or a degree, if that was it then why aren't all the graduates from Harvard, Oxford or Cambridge uniformly successful? The rule of success is hard work and destiny of course. If a student of engineering gets good grades but he is not practically effective in relationship-buildings and solving crises or proper planning, even though he may be successful in getting a job but it will not lead him far. On the way he is sure to fade out. If you look into a directory of successful... [continues]
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING let’s look at another type of essay called argumentative writing. Here, you may be required to either state your stand on a certain issue (agree or disagree) or to present your point of view. Some typical exam questions: 1. Co-curricular activities are a waste of time. Do you agree? 2. Large families make happy families. 3. More land should be used for agriculture than for industry. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons to support you opinion. 4. Parents do not spend enough quality time with children. Do you agree or disagree? 5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of homework. ANALYSING THE QUESTIONS Question 1, 3 and 4 require you to make a stand and proceed to support your stand with a few paragraphs. For question 2, you may present both sides of the argument and finally, state your stand. For question 5, present both sides of the argument as you are required to discuss the issue.
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THIS IS HOW WE DO IT Let’s say you have chosen question 1 – Co-curricular activities are a waste of time. Do you agree?
STEP 1: Analyse the question carefully to make sure you understand exactly what you have to do. TOPIC: Co-curricular activities (The general subject) THE FOCUS: Co-curricular activities are a waste of time. (The part you are asked to concentrate on) THE COMMENT: Do you agree? (You have to make a stand whether you agree or disagree).
STEP TWO: Then, apply the acronym B.A.G. which stands for B – Brainstorm, A – Add supporting details and G – Get organised. (as discussed last week in Lesson 5) Brainstorm for ideas. Note down all the points you have about co-curricular activities. You should have at least four points. Let’s say you have made your list below. Add supporting details. Get organised. Throw out any ideas that are not relevant. Decide the order of the points. CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ARE A WASTE OF TIME STAND: agree Why? Benefits: Provide a chance for students to learn about themselves, … Develop other skills not learnt in the classroom Provide leadership training Provide an outlet for students to rest and relax
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STEP THREE: WRITING THE ESSAY THE WRITING PLAN: 1. INTRODUCTION: Give some background information about the topic and state your stand. Example: Co-curricular activities are activities that are planned for students after school through activities in clubs and societies. Students in schools are required to join at least one uniformed society and a club. In my opinion, co-curricular activities play an important role in a student’s life and it is certainly not a waste of time. 2. BODY: PRESENT YOUR ARGUMENTS TO SUPPORT YOUR STAND. There should at least be three or four paragraphs with good topic sentences and body sentences. Example: First and foremost, co-curricular activities provide students with a chance to develop their talents in music, sports and other living skills. Some students are unable to shine in the classroom but they are superb athletes and musicians. Co-curricular activities provide an avenue for them to become fulfilled individuals.
3. CONCLUSION: STATING YOUR STAND AGAIN Example: Many students and parents are of the opinion that co-curricular activities are a waste of time and they should be substituted with more beneficial activities. I certainly disagree with that. As we have seen, co-curricular activities play an important role in a student’s life. They complement the activities of the classroom. A well-planned cocurricular programme helps students become wholesome individuals. Thus, co-curricular activities are definitely not a waste of time. 4. Remember to edit your work. Read your first draft once through and check the following things: a. Have you arranged the points well? Is the first point the most important or the least important? b. Have you included all the points and left out all the irrelevant points? c. Are there any phrases that are not very clear or sentences that are too long? d. Are there are spelling mistakes? e. Have you used punctuation correctly? f. Are there any grammatical errors?
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How to start your essay? I am sure many of you have a problem in starting your essay. Many of my students take a long time to start their introduction or worse, they use the overused intro.: Everyone in this world has a friend...... Everyone in this world love to watch television..
Your introduction must be something that grabs people’s attention. Use the following ideas: 1 Use some startling information or fact Start with a pertinent fact that explicitly illustrates the point you wish to make. Then, elaborate with a sentence or two. Example: Topic: Teenagers and their problems o A recent survey on teenagers provided some food for thought for parents. It was found that about 70 per cent of them smoked, 40 per cent watched pornographic videos and 14 per cent took drugs.Several factors have been identified as contributing to these problems. 2 Use an anecdote An anecdote is a short story that illustrates a point.
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Example: Topic: The loafing syndrome among teenagers Raj and his friends do not go home after school. They hang out daily at a shopping complex to while their time away. There, they join many other students from other schools. Sometimes, they play some video games or just enjoy each other’s company. Raj and his friends are just the tip of the iceberg of the loafing syndrome among teenagers. 3 Dialogue Use an appropriate dialogue to start your story or convey a point. Use only two or three exchanges between speakers to make your point. Topic: An unforgettable incident “Help! Someone just snatched my purse!” The screams shattered the still of the night. Suddenly, lights were switched on and heads popped out of doors and windows. “Hey, what’s the matter?” 4 Use a question You can also use a rhetorical question which jolts people into attention. Topic: Reduce, reuse and recycle Did you know that Malaysians throw away 1.2 million tonnes worth of newspapers daily? For every ten newspapers bought, only four are recovered for recycling. Thus, the government spearheaded a recycling campaign to encourage Malaysians to separate their waste. Topic: Coping with peer pressure What choice do you have if your friends are pressuring you to do something which you think is wrong? Would you walk away? Are you able to say ‘no’? 5 Use a definition Define your topic. Example: Topic: Gawai Dayak Festival In Sarawak, the word Gawai is the equivalent to a Festival. Numerous Gawais are celebrated throughout the year by the State’s indigenous people but Gawai Dayak marks the end of the harvest season and heralds a new year. 6 Use a quotation Topic: How to save water It is better to be safe than to be sorry. That is the message of the environmentalists to those who take water for granted. For one day, we may be faced with the situation whereby there is not enough water for everyone. Thus, we should take steps to save water. 7 Use a general statement Use a general statement about your topic, then narrow it to a specific point of view. Topic: Ways to reduce pollution Of late, there has been increasing concern with the impact of pollution on the environment and our society. The public outcry over the various environmental disasters in our own country should be lauded. How do we resolve these problems?
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Quotes (: “Success is getting what you want, happiness is wanting what you get” ― W.P. Kinsella “Success is stumbling from failure to failure with no loss of enthusiasm.” ― Winston Churchill “Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.” ― Confucius “Sometimes it takes a good fall to really know where you stand” ― Hayley Williams “It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.” ― Theodore Roosevelt “Only those who dare to fail greatly can ever achieve greatly.” ― Robert F. Kennedy “In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure.” ― Bill Cosby “Judge your success by what you had to give up in order to get it.” ― Dalai Lama XIV “You’re not obligated to win. You’re obligated to keep trying. To the best you can do everyday.” ― Jason Mraz
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“Success is getting what you want.. Happiness is wanting what you get.” ― Dale Carnegie “You must expect great things of yourself before you can do them.” ― Michael Jordan “The test of success is not what you do when you are on top. Success is how high you bounce when you hit the bottom.” ― George S. Patton Jr. “Don't cry because it's over, smile because it happened.” ― Dr. Seuss “To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all.” ― Oscar Wilde “It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for what you are not.” ― André Gide, Autumn Leaves “Just know, when you truly want success, you’ll never give up on it. No matter how bad the situation may get.” - Unknown
“Accept responsibility for your life. Know that it is you who will get you where you want to go, no one else.” – Les Brown “I don’t regret the things I’ve done, I regret the things I didn’t do when I had the chance.” –Unknown “Challenges are what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful.” - JoshuaJ. Marine
-“Its hard to wait around for something you know might never happen; but its harder to give up when you know its everything you want.” – Unknown -“One of the most important keys to Success is having the discipline to do what you know you should do, even when you dont feel like doing it.” - Unknown - “Good things come to those who wait… greater things come to those who get off their ass and do anything to make it happen.” – Unknown -“Happiness cannot be traveled to, owned, earned, or worn. It is the spiritual experience of living every minute with love, grace & gratitude.” - Denis Waitley -“In order to succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure.” – Bill Cosby -“Go where you are celebrated – not tolerated. If they can’t see the real value of you, it’s time for a new start.” – Unknown - “The best revenge is massive success.” – Frank Sinatra -“Forget all the reasons it won’t work and believe the one reason that it will.” – Unknown
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-“The only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle.” – Steve Jobs -“Life is short, live it. Love is rare, grab it. Anger is bad, dump it. Fear is awful, face it. Memories are sweet, cherish it.” – Unknown “Don’t worry about failures, worry about the chances you miss when you don’t even try.” – Jack Canfield - “The pain you feel today is the strength you feel tomorrow. For every challenge encountered there is opportunity for growth.” - Unknown -“Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs.” – Farrah Gray -“The only thing that stands between you and your dream is the will to try and the belief that it is actually possible.” – Joel Brown -“We learn something from everyone who passes through our lives.. Some lessons are painful, some are painless.. but, all are priceless.” - Unknown -“Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect. it means that you’ve decided to look beyond the imperfections.” - Unknown
- “Though no one can go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending.” – Carl Bard
“The biggest failure you can have in life is making the mistake of never trying at all.” – Unknown
-Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success. Henry_Ford
1. “If you don’t build your dream, someone else will hire you to help them build theirs.” Dhirubhai Ambani 2. “The first step toward success is taken when you refuse to be a captive of the environment in which you first find yourself.” Mark Caine
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3. “People who succeed have momentum. The more they succeed, the more they want to succeed, and the more they find a way to succeed. Similarly, when someone is failing, the tendency is to get on a downward spiral that can even become a selffulfilling prophecy.” Tony Robbins 4. “When I dare to be powerful – to use my strength in the service of my vision, then it becomes less and less important whether I am afraid.” Audre Lorde 5. “Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect.” Mark Twain 6. “Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.” Eleanor Roosevelt 7. “I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” Thomas A. Edison 8. “If you don’t value your time, neither will others. Stop giving away your time and talents. Value what you know & start charging for it.” Kim Garst
9. ”A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.” David Brinkley 11. “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” EleanorRoosevelt 12. “Let him who would enjoy a good future waste none of his present.” Roger Babson 13. “Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.” Mahatma Gandhi 14. “Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than by the ones you did do.” Mark Twain
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15. “The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather a lack of will.” Vince Lombardi 16. “Success is about creating benefit for all and enjoying the process. If you focus on this & adopt this definition, success is yours.” Kelly Kim 17. “I used to want the words ‘She tried’ on my tombstone. Now I want ‘She did it.’” Katherine Dunham 18. “Really it comes down to your philosophy. Do you want to play it safe and be good or do you want to take a chance and be great?” Jimmy J 19. “It is our choices, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.” J. K Rowling 20. “You have to learn the rules of the game. And then you have to play better than anyone else.” Albert Einstein
21. “Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world.” Harriet Tubman
22. “The successful warrior is the average man, with laser-like focus.” Bruce Lee
23. “Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life – think of it, dream of it, live on that idea. Let the brain, muscles, nerves, every part of your body, be full of that idea, and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way to success.” Swami Vivekananda
24. “Develop success from failures. Discouragement and failure are two of the surest stepping stones to success.” Dale Carnegie
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25. “If you don’t design your own life plan, chances are you’ll fall into someone else’s plan. And guess what they have planned for you? Not much.” Jim Rohn
26. “The question isn’t who is going to let me; it’s who is going to stop me.” Ayn Rand
27. “If you genuinely want something, don’t wait for it – teach yourself to be impatient.” Gurbaksh Chahal
28. “Don’t let the fear of losing be greater than the excitement of winning.” Robert Kiyosaki
29. “If you want to make a permanent change, stop focusing on the size of your problems and start focusing on the size of you!” T. Harv Eker
30. “You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.” Steve Jobs
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