Speech and Oral Communication

Pronounce words carefully – Give speech the care and attention it deserves.  Speak to be heard – Say, don’t slur.  Look alive – talk lively  Take your time – Slow down.  Learn to listen – Open your ears  Vary your approach – Talk should be appropriate.  Be concise – make it snappy.  Be specific- Don’t be vague.  Be original – Avoid clichés .  Have something to say – Think first. 

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~ the process by which people seek to share meaning via the transmission of symbolic messages. Essential points: 

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That communication involves people, and that understanding communication therefore involves trying to understand how people relate to each other. That communciation involves shared meaning,, which suggest that in order for people to communicate, they must agree on the definitions of terms they are using. That communication involves symbols – gestures, sounds, letters, numbers, and words can only representor approximate the ideas that they are meant to communicate.

The situation – often determines who the speaker will be.  The source – the person who makes the decision to communicate. 

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Three intentions:  To inform  To entertain  To persuade

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The channel – 1st, the channel is the means by which you transmit an oral message to a listener. 2nd, the channel is the type of speech communication you use. The receiver – Any person who perceives the message. Interference – occurrences in the channel of  communication. Barriers – may exist within listeners. Feedback – refers to the listeners’ reactions and responses that you perceive. The cultural context – elements of communcation may have different meanings depending upon the culture, or social understanding within which the communication is taking place.

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Encoding – takes place when the sender translates the information to be transmitted into a series of symbols.  

Lack of mutuality Gestures

Decoding – the process by which the receiver interprets the message and translates it into meaningful information.  Noise – any factor that disturbs, confuses, or otherwise interferes with communication. 

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Reduced long vowels

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Long

Longer

seat half fork search

seed halve four surge

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Private

conduit

climate

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Proximate

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Villain

biscuit

postage

cabbage

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Private

chocolate

climate

explicit

summit

timid

lettuce

Long Vowels – Long e in their full reduced form 

Beacon

secret

deed

ravine

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Meter

feat

lenient

seat

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Hero

even

leak

neon

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/i/ and /I/ in contrast

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Beat – bit

neat – knit

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Sleep – slip

leap – lip

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Seat – sit

cheap – chip

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Peak – pick

reach – rich

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Leak – lick

each – itch

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Lead – lid

deed - did

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Knit a neat dress

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Look before you leap

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Sit on seat

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Seek for the goodness of the sick

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Reach your dream to get rich.

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/e/ and /ε/ in contrast

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Taste – test

fade – fed

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Gate – get

wage – wedge

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Flake – fleck

sale – sell

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Bacon – beckon

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Main - men

mace – mess

raid – red

date – debt

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Tell a tale

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Stayed for ten days

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Without fail

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Meet halfway

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During the day

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/ε/ and /æ/ in contrast

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Bet – bat

led- lad

men – man

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Set – sat

beg – bag

bend – band

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Head – had

less – lass

gem – jam

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Mess – mass

flash – flesh shall – shell

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Lag – leg

pan – pen

tan - ten

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The apple of one’s eye

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A cat out of the bag

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A bag of sand

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Ban Jen from joining

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Bag and baggage

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/o/ and /æ/ in contrast

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Shock – shack block – black

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Ton – tan

knob – nab

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Hot – hat

mop – map

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Clock – clack

spot – spat

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Pot – pat

pot – pat

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Bog – bag

rot – rat

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Lock – lack

rock – rack

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Ox – ax

odd - add

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Beyond recall

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An odd ball

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A slip of the tongue

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Nabbed by the cop

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Ran around the block

When the English tongue we speak,  Why is break not rhymed with freak?  Will you tell me why it’s true  We say saw, but likewise few,  And the maker of the verse  Cannot cap his horse with worse?  Board sounds not the same as heard;  Cord is different from word;  Cow is cow, but low is low;  Shoe is never rhymed with foe. 

Think of hose, and dose and lose,  And of goose and yet of choose.  Think of comb and tomb and tomb,  Doll and roll, and home and some,  And since pay is rhymed with say  Why not paid with said, I pray?  We have blood and food and good;  Mould is not pronounced like could.  Therefore done, but gone and lone?  Is there any known?  And, in short, it seems to me  Sounds and letters disagree 

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