Speech and Oral Communication

November 14, 2018 | Author: Anne Octavio | Category: Speech, Communication, Semiotics, Linguistics, Cybernetics
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Pronounce words carefully – Give speech the care and attention it deserves.  Speak to be heard – Say, don’t slur.  Look alive – talk lively  Take your time – Slow down.  Learn to listen – Open your ears  Vary your approach – Talk should be appropriate.  Be concise – make it snappy.  Be specific- Don’t be vague.  Be original – Avoid clichés .  Have something to say – Think first. 





~ the process by which people seek to share meaning via the transmission of symbolic messages. Essential points: 





That communication involves people, and that understanding communication therefore involves trying to understand how people relate to each other. That communciation involves shared meaning,, which suggest that in order for people to communicate, they must agree on the definitions of terms they are using. That communication involves symbols – gestures, sounds, letters, numbers, and words can only representor approximate the ideas that they are meant to communicate.

The situation – often determines who the speaker will be.  The source – the person who makes the decision to communicate. 



Three intentions:  To inform  To entertain  To persuade













The channel – 1st, the channel is the means by which you transmit an oral message to a listener. 2nd, the channel is the type of speech communication you use. The receiver – Any person who perceives the message. Interference – occurrences in the channel of  communication. Barriers – may exist within listeners. Feedback – refers to the listeners’ reactions and responses that you perceive. The cultural context – elements of communcation may have different meanings depending upon the culture, or social understanding within which the communication is taking place.



Encoding – takes place when the sender translates the information to be transmitted into a series of symbols.  

Lack of mutuality Gestures

Decoding – the process by which the receiver interprets the message and translates it into meaningful information.  Noise – any factor that disturbs, confuses, or otherwise interferes with communication. 



Reduced long vowels



Long

Longer

seat half fork search

seed halve four surge



Private

conduit

climate



Proximate



Villain

biscuit

postage

cabbage



Private

chocolate

climate

explicit

summit

timid

lettuce

Long Vowels – Long e in their full reduced form 

Beacon

secret

deed

ravine



Meter

feat

lenient

seat



Hero

even

leak

neon



/i/ and /I/ in contrast



Beat – bit

neat – knit



Sleep – slip

leap – lip



Seat – sit

cheap – chip



Peak – pick

reach – rich



Leak – lick

each – itch



Lead – lid

deed - did



Knit a neat dress



Look before you leap



Sit on seat



Seek for the goodness of the sick



Reach your dream to get rich.



/e/ and /ε/ in contrast



Taste – test

fade – fed



Gate – get

wage – wedge



Flake – fleck

sale – sell



Bacon – beckon



Main - men

mace – mess

raid – red

date – debt



Tell a tale



Stayed for ten days



Without fail



Meet halfway



During the day



/ε/ and /æ/ in contrast



Bet – bat

led- lad

men – man



Set – sat

beg – bag

bend – band



Head – had

less – lass

gem – jam



Mess – mass

flash – flesh shall – shell



Lag – leg

pan – pen

tan - ten



The apple of one’s eye



A cat out of the bag



A bag of sand



Ban Jen from joining



Bag and baggage



/o/ and /æ/ in contrast



Shock – shack block – black



Ton – tan

knob – nab



Hot – hat

mop – map



Clock – clack

spot – spat



Pot – pat

pot – pat



Bog – bag

rot – rat



Lock – lack

rock – rack



Ox – ax

odd - add



Beyond recall



An odd ball



A slip of the tongue



Nabbed by the cop



Ran around the block

When the English tongue we speak,  Why is break not rhymed with freak?  Will you tell me why it’s true  We say saw, but likewise few,  And the maker of the verse  Cannot cap his horse with worse?  Board sounds not the same as heard;  Cord is different from word;  Cow is cow, but low is low;  Shoe is never rhymed with foe. 

Think of hose, and dose and lose,  And of goose and yet of choose.  Think of comb and tomb and tomb,  Doll and roll, and home and some,  And since pay is rhymed with say  Why not paid with said, I pray?  We have blood and food and good;  Mould is not pronounced like could.  Therefore done, but gone and lone?  Is there any known?  And, in short, it seems to me  Sounds and letters disagree 

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\ as a in abut \ as u in abut \ as e in kitten r \ as ur/er in f urther a \ as a in ash \ as a in ace ä \ as o in mop a \ as ou in out b \ as in baby ch \ as ch in chin d \ as d in did e \ as e in bet \ as ea in easy \ as y in easy f \ as f in f if ty

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