Speakout Advanced Plus Workbook With Key

Richard Storton

 

2ND EDITION

I

) Pe  Pear arso so n

 

CONTENTS

1

GAME-CHANGERS

1.1

VOCABULARY | transfo transformatio rmation n

1.2

1.3

Page 4

2

LEARNING

2.1

VOCABULARY | learn learning ing

LISTENING | game-ch game-changing anging technologies

LISTENING creative activities

GRAMMAR | verb patterns

GRAMMAR | //and related expressions

VOCABULARY PLUS | prepositional phr phrases ases after

VOCABULARY PLUS | idiom idioms: s: feelings

READING Social enterprise

collocations: s: education VOCABULARY | collocation READING | Forest sc schoo hools ls GRAMMAR | nominal relative clauses

GRAMMAR continuous and perfect aspect

WRITING taking notes; writing a summary

nouns

VOCABULARY | adje adjectives ctives:: needing and giving

WRITING | an article

2. 2.2 2

2.3

Pa geio

VOCABULARY | creativ creativity ity

VOCABULARY | collocations

FUNCTION | leading a discu discussion ssion

FUNCTION | presenting surv survey ey resu results lts

LEARN TO | manage interaction

LEARN TO | chunk lang language uage Page 15

Review 1

3

PROSPECTS

3.1

VOCABULARY |job hunting

Page 19

A

INFLUENCE

4.1

VOCABULARY | influ influence ence models odels LISTENING | role m GRAMMAR | participle clauses VOCABULARY PLUS | three-part multi-word verbs

READING | An And d how did you hear about this job? GRAMMAR | express expressing ing mo modality dality WRITING | a cover email; learn to improve use of formal language

3.2

4.2

VOCABULARY | social m media edia

VOCABULARY | honesty honesty

READING | Machin Machines es making the media

LISTENING | work experie experience nce

GRAMMAR | introdu introductory ctory it and there there  

GRAMMAR | passiv passives es

WRITING |a report; learn to use useful phrases

VOCABULARY PLUS | meta metaphors phors 3.3

Page 25

4.3

VOCABULARY | persu persuasion asion

VOCABULARY | political collocations

FUNCTION | persuasive techniques in presentations

FUNCTION | evading a question

LEARN TO | us use e adjective alliteration

LEARN TO | control the age agenda nda Page 30 Review 2

5

BODY

5.1

LISTENING healthy bodie bodies s GRAMMAR noun phrases

5.2

5.3

CULTURES

Page 34 6.1

VOCABULARY |cities READING |Where are we going to live next?

VOCABULARY | collocations

GRAMMAR | conces concession sion clauses

VOCABULARY PLUS |  |compoun compounds ds

VOCABULARY PLUS | binomials

VOCABULARY | fashion and loo looks ks

Page 39

6.2

LISTENING | a role in the film industry

READING Me, my sel selfie fie and 1

VOCABULARY |summarising verbs

GRAMMAR | fronting, headers aand nd tails

GRAMMAR | indir indirect ect speech

WRITING | a description; learn to use fro fronting nting

WRITING | synthesising from different sourc sources es

VOCABULARY |well-being

6.3

VOCABULARY | conv conventio entions ns

FUNCTION | informal turn-ta turn-taking king

FUNCTION |talk about customs

LEARN TO |justify your position

LEARN TO | question generalisations

Review 3

Page 45

 

CONTENTS

7

CLA SSIC S

7.1

VOCABULARY |film

Page 49

8

CHOICE

8.1

VOCABULARY idioms for choices LISTENING making key decisions GRAMMAR understanding complex sentences PLUS   |connotation VOCABULARY PLUS VOCABULARY | ways of reading READING Storytelling and reading

LISTENING | test screen screenings ings GRAMMAR subjunctive review;; learn to edit a complex te text xt WRITING | a review

8.2 7.2

relationships ips VOCABULARY | relationsh READING | Neither rhyme nor rea reason son

GRAMMAR prepositional phrases WRITING for and against essay; learn to write an

GRAMMAR [ adverbials 7.3

PLUS   adverb-adjective collocations VOCABULARY PLUS VOCABULARY |travel

FUNCTION |telling anecdotes LEARN TO use ellipsis

Page 54

introduction and conclusion

8.3

VOCABULARY |wildlife FUNCTION giving opinions LEARN TO | hedg hedge e an option

Review 4

Page 60

AUDIO SCRIPTS

Page 64

A N S W E R K EEY Y

Page 70

 

VOCABULARY

Listen again and complete the   sentences with the exact words you   hear. Use no more than three words.

TRANSFORMATION Add letters to complete the phrases in the sentences. 1 The results of the ele electio ction ns in m a chain of events which altered the nature of politics within most European democracies. ____________

2 The university research team w was as pleased to announce a  _ __ _ in their studies m b _________

__________

_____________

of the human genome. 3 She was consid considered ered a p _ _ within ecology studies - very few people initially shared her views on environmental prote protection ction.. A C   w in politics says that anyone younger than thirty is unlikely to be given a decisive role in government. __________

____________

5 Their new design was pote potentiall ntially yg c . Up to that point, few people had used grapene in building design.

1 Talib Alhinai Alhinai's 's inve invention ntion has the pote ntial to quickly create in areas hit by natural disasters. __________________________

2  Long-term Long-term,, the innovation may also be utilised in the construction process . when __________________________

3  Mimlca Touc Touch h was designed as a response to the creation of mass food waste and has a on those who grow or sell foodstuffs.

__________________________

4 Solve Solveiga iga Pakstaite's M Mimica imica Touch product may signal significant changes in

_________

6 Inno Innovati vations ons in 3D print printing ing had a p  _  __ _ i on the way design companies could deliver prototypes to the market. ______________

____________

7 Researchers are conductin conducting gp s___ into ways of storing solar energy within wearable devices. _________

  __________

8 The publication of their results led to a p s _ _ i n ways of asses assessing sing an and d calcu calculating lating life life expectancy.

5  Sam Stranks' invention, perovskite, perovskite, is produced by mixing man-made, lowco cost st an d materials. __________________________

6 As perov perovskite skite can be produced in different colours it has an and

_________________

LISTENING 2  A

game-  E l 1.1 Listen to an extract from a lecture on gamechanging technologies. Complete the table as you listen. Designer 

Talib Alhinai

W h a t i s itit ?

How does it work?

C Match the underlined words from the recording recording with with the definitions a)-f). Read the audio script on page 64 to help you. 1 Working in the field of aerial robo robotics, tics, he has designed a prototype for a flying robot... 2 ... another layer of plastic with protuberances and a final, smooth layer of plastic. 3 ... reducing the Incidence of workplace accidents.

Solveiga Pakstalte

4 He and a team base based d at M MIT IT have been developing lightweight, efficient and malleable solar conductors ... 5 ... when bumps bumps become dete detectabl ctable e this indicates that the food product has gone bad.

Sam Stranks

6 ... areas of the developing w world orld which are currently energy deficient.

a)  able to to be shaped shaped without breakin breaking g b ) a rate of occurrence c ) able to be discovered or noticed d )  something from which copies are made

enough of something e )   not having enough sticks s out from f ) something that stick something else

 

-

GRAMMAR VERB PATTERNS

VOCABULARY PLUS PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES AFTER NOUNS

Find and correct the mistakes in sentences 1-8. There are two mistakes in each each sentence. 1 Have you eve everr considered consid ered to apply for a position in their research research unit? If you'r you're e ready dedicate the time to it, it's a worthwhile role. Did you manage finding that article o on n renewable 2  Did energy studies studies?? I mean print it off for yo you u last w week. eek.

3  I regret telling yyou ou that unfortunately your application has failed this time. You could consider to reapply next ye year. ar.

5

Complete the sentences with the nouns in the box  and the correct preposition. aim consequence course hesitation hope implications motivation necessity passion risk success talent 1 One the government's recent policy change is that many academics can't continue funding their research. _____________

2 She's alway always s h had ad a cycling, so she  jumped at the opportunity to do the T Tour our de Franc France e route. _____________

certainly ly shows a 3  He certain 4 Despite a setback he went on studying at the University of Gothenburg, where his research leading to a major breakthrough in geophysics.

fundraisingsince we took him on, our donations have increased fourfold. _____________

A Alain lost weigh t and discovered a lo love ve of runnin running g in the taking part in a six-week sports challenge at work. ___________

considered nsidered being one of the leading 5  She's co professionals in her field. I can't help to wonder just how she manages to do so much.

5 I wonder what her

changing jobs was? I always thought she enjoyed her role.

There's no getting me to do something like that! It's much too risky! _____________

6 After their first failure, the they y needed comin coming g up with an alternative appr approach. oach. Eventually, they decided launch a more compact drone.

Th e our campaign is to raise awareness about abo ut the issue of ch child ild poverty poverty.. _____________

I would have absolutely no recommending his book - it's unbelievably inspiring. _____________

something hing like this this.. 7  It's always been my goal doing somet You You can't blame me for try something different at this point in life. 8 Investors ha had d commit committed ted spending several m million illion on the pilot project. Sadly, it has a long way going before it's commercially viable.

Complete the article with the correct form of the

9 Despi Despite te knowin knowing g th e

working in the area, a huge number of medical professionals volunteered to help out.

10  Th e

their report were wide-ranging. They signalled a paradigm shift in thinking. _____________

had ad consid erable 11  We h

encouraging young women to take up scientific subjects for study. _____________

majority ity o off peo people ple reco recognise gnise th e 12  The major

_____________

increased investment in health and education.

verbs in brackets. •• «

STORIES I’d like to think that my main motivation for doing this is 1 (make) a difference to people’s lives. lives. But I suppos e2 (come) here was about 3 (try) something new that would really test me in terms of my a abilit bility. y. My role is 4 (identify) viable wild seed varieties. These are used 5 (create) genetically strengthened crop forms that will survive drought or flood conditions. Collectors go to great lengt lengths6 hs6______ ___ ______ ______ _____(gather) __(gather) the seed. _____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

_____________

One of our biggest challenges is securing financial support for projects. While many people want to donate to charities for life-threatening illnesses, they don’t seem to think it’s worth 7 (fund) the kind of things we do. Fortunately, Fortuna tely, there are a number of gran grants ts available which enable ena ble u s8 (continue) our research whilst _____________

_____________

PHOTOS

(teach) interns _ (analyse) raw data from the experiments. This helps speed up the whole process. Initially, I was a bit overawed by the level of ability here. Some of the graduates are capable o f 11 (do) things that many scientists will never achiev ach ieve e in a lifetim lifetime. e. It’s gamechanging stuff. Working with such an amazing team of committed professionals can’t fa il1 il 12 (make) an impression. To be honest, it’s it’s hard to imagine my myse self lf1 13 (do) anything other than this. _____________

_____________

_____________

 

VOCABULARY  ADJ ECTIVES:  A N D GIVING

NEEDING  

Complete the sentences with the  adjectives in the box. altruistic destitute

compassionate hard up lavish

on welfare unst unstin inti tin ng

philanthropic vu vuln lner erab able le

1 She was renowned as one of the most individuals in the country - her annual donations surpassed those of many organisations. ______________

2  After months of living on the streets, he was extremely and in need of  medical attention.

_____________

be e 3  We were always taught to b towards others, and to value what privileges we had.

_____________

4 After the family business ffailed, ailed, they were left completely

5  I'm a b it

this month, but once my next payment comes through I’ll be a bit more flush. _____________

6 They are rea lly with their gifts - it's sometimes a bit embarrassing. _____________

7  As we are all aware from previous charity campaigns, the people in this area are in their generosity. ______________

8 Don't think that they are doing that out of who lly motives - they get tax relief on charitable donations.

_____________

9  Sadly, many of the children in the community are from broken homes and the family is living . We need to stop this cycle of poverty.

_____________

READING i t A Read the article and choo choose se the best title. a) Social enterprise - what's in it for me? enterprise - a worthwhile b) Social way to make money? enterprise se - who's who's really c)  Social enterpri helping who?

• •



Ever very y so oft often, en, a new buzzword takes the business world by storm. A paradigm shift shift iin n how things things are done, done, or a whole new lexicon of abstruse abstruse ter terms ms to tie tie the novice's head in knots. In recent years, years, one such such concept concept that has gained considerable traction is social enterprise. Social enterprises are businesses which champion the honourable intention of changing the world for the better. By selling goods and services in the open market, social soc ial enterprises enterprises generate generate profits profits which are then reinvested in the the local, local, or indeed global, global, comm communit unity. y. The The aim is to tackle social problems, improve improve opportunities and address inequality, among others. Evidently, the best way to secure the financial support and ongoing allegiance of millennial consumers is to care. Really care. Putting this cynicism aside, is social enterprise actually something which makes a difference? High-profile social enterprises like Toms, which has grown in scope since its inception, have donated over 75 million pairs of new shoes to needy children around the globe, using a one-for-one business basis. For every pair of shoes sold, one is donated, enabling children to have hav e improved improved health health and safer acce access to educati education. on. With a decent pair pair of shoes, sho es, they can can avoid avoid any potential potential inj injuries uries on the walk to school school - where where possession poss ession of a pair can be be an an entry entr y requi requirement rement.. But there is is also also an array array of other, smaller, initiatives which are doing their bit to build a better future. Compan Com panies ies like Tarjimly Tarjimly run by Ati Atiff Javed, Javed, an MIT graduate, are making a diff difference erence too.Tarji too.Tarjimly mly instant instantly ly connects connects refugees, NG NGOs and and immigrant immigrants s in need of essential translation services - such as medical or legal aid - to translators around the world. While this service goes some way to addressing a real real need in current climes, Javed Javed explains their thei r true aim is to be a 'worldclass technology compan company y for social social goo g ood. d.... pushing the boundaries boundaries of language and refugee refugee research'. research'. Leila Janah, founde founderr of Samasource has has laudable goals, too. Samaso Samasource urce helps helps to to provide provide jobs to to marginalised marginalised women and young people in impoverished areas, connecting low-income  job seekers to digni dignifie fied d wor work k in big na name te tech chn nol olo ogy companie ies s. The company has also branched out to create Samaschool, an organisation that provides low-income individuals with digital skills training. While these examples examples are inspiring, inspiring, and and offer offer a visi vision on of corporate caring that is hard hard not to to warm to, it's it's perfectly perfectly reasonable reasonable to have reserva reservations tions about the philosophy as a whole. There is certainly a growing trend for companies that have never really really shown shown much compassion compassion suddenly suddenl y  jumping  jum ping on th the e im impac actt inv inves estm tmen entt ba bandwagon. If you you h ha ave lo lon ng be been perceived as a rapacious multinational focused on profit above people, then one of the best ways ways to redress redress th the e balance is to show a big heart. Th There ere are a number of high-prof high-profilile e companies companies who have partnered with NGOs and charitable organisations to ensure that their hard-earned dollars are invested into a whole plethora of needy causes. These tend to be extremely well-publicised initiatives, news of which often takes precedence over concerns about working conditions or corporate accountability. In fact, many business advisors highly recommend the social enterprise route to change negative public perceptions. So, perhaps perhaps thi this s is a clever idea idea th that at can shi shield eld large corporati corporations ons from crit critici icism sm by by offering offering an air of respectability respectability.. Bu But, t, if if in the end it's people w who ho benefit from this philanthropy, do such moral dilemmas matter?

 

Read the article again. Choo Choose se the cor correct rect answer a), b), c) c)  or d) according to the text. 1 Wha t view of big business business does the writer exp express ress in the first paragraph? itselff iin n order to remain important. a)  It frequently reinvents itsel being vital to community b)  It firmly positions Itself as being development.

c)  It has a tendency tenden cy to latch on to concepts for Its own benefit.   It h has as a forward forward-thinking -thinking appro approach ach to sustaina sustainable ble causes. In the secon second d paragraph, what point does the w writer riter make? 2  d) enterprise prises s have the ability to make an a)  Only large-scale enter impact on social issues. profile e social enterp enterprises rises can also make a b)  Lower profil difference. well-publicised ised enterprises have the ability to effect c)  Only well-public social change. Social al enterpr enterprises ises need to have a broad vision to be d)  Soci successful.

GRAMMAR CO NT INU OU S A ND PERF PERFEC ECT T AS ASPE PECT CT Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences. 1 So, how long are you having /hav /have e you had /   have you been having fundraising events like this? Are Are yo you u raising/ Have you raised/H ave ave   you been raising as much as you had hoped? n Euro Europe, pe, the migrants had had   2  On their arrival iin

travelled / have travell travelled travelled ed / had been travelling travelling   for up to three thr ee month months. s. They are hoping/  hoping/  have hoped/ hoped/  have been hoping that their ordeal Is now over.

3  I'm so bored, I was standing/am standi standing/ ng/   have been standing on this street corner col collec lectin ting g mone m oney y si since nce 8a.m. 17/ be doing/'II  doing/'II  have been doing/'II have done door-to-door collections tomorrow tomorr ow night, too too..

social enterprises which 3  The writer highlights examples of social access tto o employment. a)  focus specifically on access b)  have a purely charitable agenda. on addressin addressing g issues of social Integrati Integration. on. c)  focus on d)  have a purely profit-driven agenda.

4 We were totally amazed by what people have been donating/had donated to the

4 In the fouth paragraph, the writer points out that

week, k, our funding will be increasing/  increasing/  5  By next wee will have increased /  is increasing to more

Interest st in social enterp enterprise rise is a niche m market. arket. a)  Intere interest est In social enterprises enterpri ses has become more b)  inter mainstream. public.. c)  social enterprise Is always of Interest to the public enterprise ise Is a philosop philosophical hical approa approach ch to bu business. siness. d)  social enterpr

5  In the fifth paragraph, the writer says that large corporations a)  assume the role of socia sociall enterprise to avoid closer scrutiny. ocial enterprise to Increase prof profits. its. b)  assume the role of ssocial social enterprise for tax pur purpose poses. s. c)  assume the role of social good. d. d)  assume the role of social enterprise to do goo 6 A recurring idea in the whole article arti cle Is tha thatt social enterprise truly y practised with good a)  is a positive force when trul intentions. tempor porary ary soluti solution on to highly complex, bigger issu issues. es. b)  is a tem c)  is sometimes initiated for questionable reason reasons. s. alternative native to conventional wisdom. d)  has provided a viable alter

Match the underlined words from the article with the  definitions. 1 loya loyalty lty or comm commitme itment nt to a group or cause 2 ideas w which hich are obscu obscure re or difficult to understand orr grasping 3  aggressively greedy o

auction. We are thinking/ thinking/  have thought/ had  had  thought we would only raise a few hundred pounds, but I think it'll be much more.

than €10,000. We have planned/are  planned/are  planning/have planning/ have be been en plann planning ing to spend the bulk of It on equipment for the park park..

6  It's It's fantastic that she is raising/has raised/ raised/   has been raising so much support for her campaign. It seems only a few days ago since we were designing/have designed/ designed/   have been designing her web page.

4 For 1-6, complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the word given. 1 Donat Donating ing online Is new to me me.. NEVE NEVER R I before. hasn't sn't been to Japan before before.. FIRST 2  Anna ha ___________________________

This Is Is t h e  Japan.

__________________________

apartmentt will take u us s three weeks to 3  The apartmen renovate. RENOVATED In three weeks weeks'' tim t im e the apartment.

______________________

4  They rely on you too much. They have since their baby was bo born. rn. BEEN They since the birth of their baby.

___________________________

4 a quality of being socially acceptable important nt than something else 5  being considered more importa

too much

officials als on 5  He meets charity commission offici

6 aims which are deserving of prais praise e

17 17th th June. WILL WI LL

7 the establishment or starting point of something

He officials from the charity commission on 17th June.

8 a larg large e or excessive amo amount unt

Write your own ideas on the question raised at the end of   the article.

___________________________

6 We spoke to ever every y donor today today.. HAD We the day.

__________________________

the end of 

 

Extending a hand hand o f hope hope Have you ever been in a situation when everything seemed 1 ? Weil, __________________________

in times of need, it’s worthwhile remembering that help could be close at hand. Help@Hand is a website which connects individuals in need with charitable organisations and provides them with opportunities to turn their lives around. As website found er Andy Steele explains, ‘Sometimes people come to us who have just

people’s needs with services that can readily assist them. One recipient of this help was medical student Orhan Demir. After completing his studies, he wanted to set up a small clinic. His when he realised that his visa had expired expired,, and tha t withou t a job offer he woul would d  5 o f  staying in the country. His  6 was to try and find an employer fast. Help@Hand matched him with a charity that offered check-ups to

t isn’t a charity solely focused on raising donations. The main approach is to ensure that those in need can work within part of wider community to improve their

__________________________

__________________________

They c an’t se see e a way o ut from their current difficultie difficulties. s. W e address that by actively seeking

the homeless and vulnerable. For Orhan, there is 7 that

solutions.’ His website can offer a3 in these troubled times by matching

he’ll one day be able to fulfil his ambition. For the charity, there is a skilled practitioner.

___________________________

What makes Help@Hand an nteresting proposition is that

___________________________

WRITING  A N A RTICLE Complete the article above with collocations a)-i).   Use a collocation dictionary if necessary. a) hopes were dashed

b) given up hope

ot. Charity groups have that benefactors will continue to upp ort this ground-break ground-breaking ing nitiative, and Steele certainly has that it will grow in scope. ___________________________

___________________________

C Underline the the correct alternative to complete complete the  collocations. 1 It' It's s incredibly important that we respect/reflect the wishes of our patrons for privacy and keep their names anonymous.

2  She'd hoped that the they y wo would uld secure lon long-ter g-term m funding for the project and finally got/granted  her wish last week with the news of interested investors.

c) best hope d) expressed hope e)  high hopes

3  We can't afford to ignore/express the wishes of the

f)  glimmer of hhope ope

4  If I could grant/get one wish, it would be to make the

g)  have no hope h) renewed hope i) completely hopeless

general public at this critical stage in negotiations. They are vital vit al to our succ success. ess. world a safer place.

5  On the whole, I was pleased with th the e local council decision. It broadly fulfilled/reflected  the wishes of local residents.

B Read the features features of informal article articles. s. Which  features has the writer used? used? 1 A catchy cat chy title titl e

2 Informal rhetorical questions 3 A question-answer sequence 4 Addressing the reader directly

5 Quotations 6 Examples 7 Informal sentence starters 8 Contractions

9 Informal lexis and lexical phrases

 

6  Joan Joanna na has expressed/made  a wish to study in the United States. We're doing all we can to make that happen.

E Wr Write ite an article of your own (250 words). words). Focus  on a project you know about that is concerned with  wishes or hopes. Use the article in Exercise 5A as a  model. Read your first draft and then find the nouns  (including (includi ng synonyms) that appear frequentl frequently. y. Use a collocation collocation dictionary to va ry the verbs and  adjectives that collocate with those nouns.

VOCABULARY

FUNCTION

COLLOCATIONS

PRESENTING SURVEY RESULTS Put the words In the correct order to complete the conversations.

Match words from boxes A and B to make   collocations to complete the sentences.

1 A: What was your view on why the companies were so successful? impression ion / that / simply / was/ was/my my B: impress

A

Well, they offer great customer service.

access business collaborative on-demand online outer profit sharing umbrella

____________ ______________ ____________ ____________

2 A: Do most people agree the sharing economy is a good thing? B: that / the / seems / be / to / consensus.

B

W ell, el l, here to stay, if nothing else.

access consumption driven economy (x2) (x2) fringes model terms transactions

. It's It's

3 A: Can you explain why there are fewer subscribers now? B: speculate / might / one / that Well, due to growing competition within the industry.

____________ ______________ ____________ ____________ _

Their business model is completely . Their only desire is to increase their annual turnover.

4 A: Did you find that most people enjoyed their experience of 

__________________________

using the service?

B: whole / the / on

While companies like Uber could be regarded as pioneers in the , some of their business practices may be questionable.

Yes, were very positive indeed.

____________ ______________ _____________ ____________

__________________________

business profile?

B: this / illustration / of / another

Yes, that the online interface is more youth-oriented.

_____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ _

is

6 A: Don't people buy films from their database, too? B; speaking/though/generally

Over the last few years years,, ther there e has has been a sharp increase in the number o f  being made. It may be due to consumer confidence in cyber-security.

Yes, but its commercial focus is on streaming content.

____________ ____________ ______________ ____________

__________________________

7 A: Can you tell us a bit more about customer complaints? B: example / one / cite / to Well, user complained that choice could be limited.

,a

____________ _____________ _____________ ____________

__________________________

They have an incredibly successful .The value of their company has more than trebled in recent years.

they

5 A: Did you say that demographics plays a big part in their

As they have little to do with sharing of any resources, it would be better to refer to them as proponents of the

When Airbnb launched the idea of  , where both organisations and individuals could benefit from business transactions, this appealed to many apartment owners.

it's

LEARN TO CHUNK LANG LANGUAG UAGE E

__________________________

While a number of businesses will accept Bitcoins for service services, s, it still remains a currency on the of the economy.

3

 A Mark with / where you would pause in the following sentence If   you read it aloud. Another illustration of this is the number of people between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five who applied for tax relief but who as it happened hadn't paid any tax.

__________________________

The entertainment industry has been revolutionised by the concept of  . Overheads can be reduced, while the range of products available to consumers grows.

1.2 Liste Listen n and check. C Read the extract and mark with / for a short pause, and //// for a  longer paus pause. e.

__________________________

'Intellectual property' is one of those which is often mentioned in contracts. It simply refers to certain exclusive rights in intangible thing things. s.

__________________________

Does it really matter whether businesses have a social agenda as long as they are benefiting the economy? Many people may believe that in an increasingly globalised world we should be more philanthropic that is caring. However there's no point in speaking of doing this if nobody's quality of life improves is there?

o s 1.3 List Listen en an and d che check.

 

VOCABULARY LEARNING Complete the sentences with  the words and phrases in  the box.

m >

LISTENING 2 A Look at the photos. What might people enjoy about learning to do  these things?  J

crucial eleme element nt derided engaged highly beneficial make an educated guess praised steer clear of something of a perfectionist Their method of teaching, once by critics, has now become part of the mainstream education experience in many countries.

________________________

Z o

You may not know the answer, but if you

B 0 2.1 Liste Listen n an and d chec check. k.

C Listen to the two extracts again. For questions 1-4 1-4,, choose the  answer a), b) or c) which fits best according to what you hear. Extract 1 You hear a woman talking about a course that she attends.

there's always the chance you'll get it right. She's a very competent speaker, but there are some topics she tends to Perhaps she feels uncomfortable with them. There's a lot of evidence pointing towards learner independence being the in successful language study. It's so important that students remain as as possible. They'll be more motivated that way. Reading to a child from an early age is

1 What Wh at is the woman doing when she mentions the cost of classes?

a)  highlighting their accessibility

b)  criticising their exclusivit exclusivity y c)  justifying justify ing the expense Wh at advice does she give for prospective participants? 2  What instant nt re results. sults. a)  Don't expect insta

b)  Avoid

making mistak mistakes. es.

possible.. c)  Accept assistance wherever possible

Extract 2 You You hear a tutor talking abo about ut the value of learning to play an instrument.

3  He believes that people's opinion about arts subjects a)  is over overly ly critical.

b)  is too simplistic. informe d by long-standing attitud attitudes. es. c)  is informed ntroducing the guitar to schoolch schoolchildren ildren he 4 When talking about iintroducing reveals

concern n about thei theirr lack of enthusiasm. a)  his concer

b)  his delight at their reactio reactions. ns. to their educational development. I was always by my parents when I did well at school, but they supported me when I found things tough, too. He's - it takes him forever to finish redrafting essays. _______________________

opportunities es to be creative. c)  his dismay that they have few opportuniti

D Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with   definitions a)-f). Read the audio script on page 64 to help you. over time numbers have dwindled. I've had more opportunity to grill the instructor... Having said that, seniors and the unemployed are subsidised. I wouldn't want wan t to cast aspersions on head teachers ... ... cutting back on itinerant teachers who offer art or music lessons. All the attitude drops away, and they just start having fun.

a)  disappears helping ng pay for a service b)  have costs reduced by helpi lots ts of detailed questions c)  ask lo d) to make critical or unpleasant remarks e)  moving from place to place f)   become gradually less or smaller

 

GRAMMAR r A ND RELATE RELATED D EXPRE EXPRESSIONS SSIONS m Complete the article with the words in the box. as long as but for if any if in doubt if so it seems as if otherwise provided tha thatt rarely, rarely, if ever unless whether or not without

For 1-8, complete the second sentence so it has a similar   meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the   word given. 1 She She'll 'll be accepted at her first choice of university, but only if she passes the exam exams. s. PROVID PROVIDED ED Her first-choice university passes the exams.

sh she e

___________________________

are a few questions about the accuracy 2  Apparently, there are of last last ye year's ar's te tests. sts. SEE SEEMS MS It year's tests.

some inaccuracies in last

___________________________

thatt clear if he learnt much during his degree. 3  It's not tha WHETHER A quick glance through any numbe numberr of online ■forums will reveal that for the pedagogical community, learning styles are a fairly ubiquitous concept. While there’s an abundance of 'esearch into the field, ' there Is ttle consensus on what learnin learning g styles a r e .2 do two commentators seem to agree. In fact, some educational experts actually argue they don’t d on’t exist.3 , that would certainly contradict a good deal of official policy. ___________________________

__________________________

The traditional view is that each learner ■as a particular favoured style which enables them to pick up information more effectively than other forms of teaching and 'earning. Conventional wisdom would have it thatJ children earn regularly in their chosen style, they will ~ave a better chance of success. , they may not fulfil ; Iheir potential. ___________________________

__________________________

recent studies P. cognitive psychologists, th this is mig might ht be viewed as a given. However, they have shown that students don’t perform any differently they are given tests in one learning style or another. What tre trey y may have, rather th than an a particula particularr style style,, s a preference. So, what issues, , does this raise? -Veil, the problem has been that over time, what cegan as a notion has become a theory of the mind which has been used to justify curricula. ■ , take a look at some of the materials rigorously imposed upon teachers and students.

I don't during his degree.

he learnt anything

___________________________

4 If you're not sure wha whatt to d do, o, send an email to your tuto tutor. r. DOUBT I'd contact

__________________________

.

very y little differenc dif ference e in the colleges, rea really. lly. ANY 5 There's ver There is little colleges.

the two

___________________________

6 If you put in a bit more effort, I can't see you failing. AS You'll effort.

you put in a bit more

__________________________

it's true, we should tel telll somebody. SO 7 If it's be told.

___________________________

8 They almost never attended the lectures I was at. IF They as me.

__________________________

to the same lectures

VOCABULARY PLUS IDIOMS: FEE FEELING LINGS S  Match the sentence halves. 1 As soon as I walked into class, I got that si sinking nking feeling;

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

C'tics of more entrenched approaches to earning styles would argue that while people co learn differently, it’s it’s iimportant mportant to sa say y how ney learn differently and to focus on meaningful crterence which can be observed. They would posit tha t ha t10 earning contexts are addressed, styles are fairly meaning mea ningles less.1 s.11 __________________________

__________________________

e think need about a12bigger picture, picture, we can bette betterr address ne eds. s.1 coking at the learning environment, and factors ft- ch impact on it, we can’t start to make real, -easurable differences.

orry, I don' don'tt think I'll make it to today's lesson; 2  I'm ssorry, me,, he's got a bit of a chip o on n his shoulder; 3  If you ask me 4  If you applied to study there, they'd welcome you with open arms; The teaching union has its back to the wall; When I got to university, I felt like a fish out of water; I've been on cloud nine since I received the news; 8 The education policy looks to be coming apart at the seams;

a)  I really can't believe that they they've 've accepted my application.

b)  I think he feels inferior bbecause ecause of w where here he studied. c)  they are under pressu pressure re to negotiate with the government. feel ing a bit under the weather. d) I'm feeling e) everyone seemed so much more confident than me. f)   everyone's asking ho how w the gover government nment intends to provide funding.

__________________________

 

g) the desks were laid out for a test and I hadn't done any revision.

h) you're just the kind of student they want to enrol.

VOCABULARY

• ••

COLLOCATIONS: COLLOCATION S: EDUCA TION Adjust the underlined words to make the   correct collocations. The emphasis at our college is on finding your potential. _______________ _____

There is a new interactive space for learning, and many students are fulfilling the initiative by recording their presentations.

____________________

We have always had striving standards, but that doesn't mean that in focus for excellence we ignore what makes learners unique. ___________________

While we encourage everyone to work as hard as possible, there is a nurturing on individuality: students can set their own long-term goals and learning pathway.

____________________

We're quite flexible as a school. Although we do offer a mutual curriculum, we're not all that results-driven. We're interested in our students fostering quality relationships. Once they have good respect for one another, you're on your way to helping them attain what they need in life. ____________________

There is a growin growing g amount of con concern cern fro from m many academics in the study of education that children are suffering from a lack of engagement with nature and the outdoor environment. What has been dubbed ‘nature deficit disorder’ can be characterised by a sense of alienation from surroundings that results in a diminished diminished use of the senses, attention difficulties and higher rates of physical physi cal or emotional illness. Furthermore, chil children dren who fail to engage with the natural world through play pla y or outdoo outdoorr learning are often seen to have an inability to assess risk. To address such concerns, forest schools have often been promoted as an educational alternative to more traditional classroom-based learning models. Currently, many forest school programmes tend to focus on early years, or disaffected pupils; however, there is evidence that such projects have noticeable benefits for children children acr across oss tthe he learning spectrum.

B So, why does a forest school ethos make a difference? Well, for one, there’s that exploration of risk, which many development psychologists highlight as an essential stage in learning. Children have a natural need for risk-taking, and exposure to reasonable uncertainty in a controlled environme environment nt provides the opportunity to feed this. Without such opportunities, as can be offered in an outdoor learning space, a child may well pursue unmanaged risk in a noneducational environment. Dealing with hazardous situations helps to develop personality traits such as resilience and self-reliance. More conventional classroom spaces tend to limit the opportunity for risk-ta risk -takin king, g, thereby stifli stifling ng a sense sens e of learner independence.

READING Read the article. For questions 1-10, 1-10, choose choose  from the sections (A-D). (A-D). The sections may be  chosen more than once. Which section ... gives reasons why forest schools help child development? cites a psychological term for a condition affecting some young people?

As important as independence is, success in adulthood is most often aligned with collaboration and critical thinking thinking.. For for forest est sch schools ools to work, they also rely upon the communal approach. Individuals may interact with the natural world to engage interests and develop mental and physical phy sical well-being, but they do this as part of a broader team. It’s not enough just to have pupils doing traditional lessons in a non-traditional environment. Or to only foster a sense of connection with nature. They also need to embrace the outdoor learning space as a locus of social interaction, too.

warns of pursuing an education system without a focus on working together? mentions forest schools being used for children who may have behavioural issues? expresses concerns that some people have about the forest school system? highlights the dangers of limiting childrens' natural instincts? describes some beneficial life skills? criticises a view which it considers to be outmoded? mentions the potential for using forest schools more broadly?

10 draws attention to a disadvantage of more traditional teaching environments?

 

There are, of course, critics of any approach which goes against the norms. norms. Having said that, these tend to either focus on the pro-envir pro -environm onmental ental sta stance nce of forest schooling, or raise conc concerns erns regarding regar ding the prospect prospective ive hygie hygiene ne of outdoor learnin learning. g. While Wh ile the t he latte latterr may be a valid point, it has been noted that childen participating in forest schools tend to have better attendance records when illness is taken into account. It may be that pupils tend not to be in extremely close proximity, and so illness doesn’t spread. General cleanliness may be an issue, depending on the location of the outdoor learning learning space, but on the whole this can be monitored as well as in a conventional school. The notio notion n that a propro-enviro environmen nmental tal perspective perspe ctive is somehow a drawback is much more contentious. Given that young people will become becom e the stewa stewards rds of our e environ nvironment, ment, and involved in making making the policy that sha shapes pes it it,, it seems remiss not to encourage any interest they may harbour.

iRAMMAR

WRITING

NOMINAL RELATIVE CLAUSES Complete the texts with the words in the box. how what whatever whoever why

TAK ING NOT NOTES ES;; WR ITING A SUMMARY  2.  2.2 2 Listen to an intervi interview ew about the nature of   teaching. Complete the notes.

S   a

whichever

b

Issues within teaching

The secret to good learning? n/orkload = probleiwatic

A Learning is all about collaboration. 1 you work with, you can always glean some extra piece of knowledge. It might be technical know-how, or just a more streamlined approach to completing a more mundane task, but anything that you learn from colleagues is worthwhile. I also think it's essential to be open about any difficulties you're facing. f acing. If I'm not sure 2 to do, I'll ask - ther there's e's little point trying to conceal inadequacies, because they'll always come out in the end.3 mistakes you make, can always be turned into learning opportunities. _____________

ClassrooM teaching kours-, England   - 1

 

 __ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ 

Oapa Oapan n - zndrysc kool Is standards v. kigk 

OECV average *

32 percen t cla class ss time. But  

................................................................

MCLt MC Ltiw iwee f o r 3

 

iess 4

 ______________________ 

_

 _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ 

__ _______

___________________________ 

,

Heed - role to develop, opp to explore -fie -field ld,, etc.  etc.  

_____________

Out-of-class time

Currently

-

r 

 fo c u s e d 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

_____________

Ideal Ideal -  Mor e opps fo r collaboration collaboration with with Other concerns

B The best ways to learn? I suppose a lot depends o n 4 learning style you

P ay 7

prefer. Although I think you need to consider 5 you are learning, too. So often we make educational demands where the outcomes are unclear. I think that lack of clarity obscures things. If teachers took more time to weigh up6 the knowledge that they were imparting would be of use to their pupils, it would be a good start.

B Read the sum summary mary.. Ha Hass the writer

_____________

• us used ed paragraphs paragraphs for eac each h topic? topic? • inclu included ded the relevant relevant in information formation ba based sed o on n the notes? notes? • use used d discour discourse se markers or co cohesive hesive devices to link ideas?

_____________

• us used ed their own own wo words rds in a con concise cise way? • us used ed any statist statistics ics to s support upport infor information? mation? • a) summarised in an objective way or b) given a an n opinion?

For 1-6, 1-6, write the secon second d sentence s entence so it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the words given.

In my opinion, one of the current problems facing the teaching profession in the UK U K iis s that in recent year years s there has b been een a considerable increase in the workload. With newly-qualified teachers being asked to spend more time in the classroom

1 Can you reme remember mber the subject of our discussion last week? recall / what / was / talk

teaching, there is less opportunity for them to develop the skills skills th they ey need to be become come better teachers. IIn n the UK UK,, teachers can spend much much longer than th the eO OEC ECD D average average in class. Contrastively, Japanese secondary school teachers spend a lot less time in class. class. Mea Meanwhile nwhile,, this hasn' hasn'tt affected stan standards, dards, which remain very high.

2 I always thought that life at university would would be like this. how / imagined / be always s making mistakes. 3  She thinks I'm alway According/ whatever/ do/wrong happens, you'll be to blame blame.. A If something happens, Anything / that / wrong

5  He only gave me a very small amount of information. tol told d / wh at/ little 6 There are so many good classes, choosing one is hard. know / which / choose

 

I

However, the situation is very However, ve ry dif different ferent in the UK UK,, the prof professio ession n is certainly certainly less intellec intellectuall tually y attractive to gr gradu aduates ates.. Where there is current currently ly p provi rovision sion of out-of-clas of-class s time, time, thi this s tends to be allocated alloc ated to admini administrati strative ve task tasks. s. If I f teachers could spend more time working with colleagues and observing other teachers' classroom class rooms s while also preparing materials collec collectively, tively, or even working with parents, then I believe that would make a tremendous difference to the role. This model is considered best practice in the highest performing education systems - Japan, South Korea, Finland.

C Write your own summary of the inte interview rview in Exer Exercise cise 5 5A A  (200 (20 0 words). Use the checklist in Exercise 5B to help you.

2 A: Tony Tony,, you mentioned schools specialising in

VOCABULARY

one particular part icular medium. Cou Could ld you implore that further?

CREATIVITY

B: Sure, there are situations where sch schools ools have developed partnerships with professionals in the creative Industries to push a broader skills base. For instance, collaborating with a local radio station or gallery.

Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct word or   phrase. 1 fertile/vivid

a)  She has such a

__________________________

imagi nation - so ffar imagination ar,, she she's 's writte written n more tha than n ten novels.

b)  He's always had a

A: I can't Imagine that works. Students could get a lot out of that.

__________________________

imagination - he's forever making up stories about

B: Yeah, and It ties into a lot of subject areas the arts, communication, ITC ...

things. 2 heart/rote

a) Many students rely on

8 E

2.3 Lis Listen ten an and d ch chec eck. k.

_________________________

learning to pass their exams,

b) I remember spending hours at school having to learn poems by

__________________________

.

LEARN TO MANAGE INTERACTION

intuition / intellect

a)  As the stu study dy was inconclusive we had to rely o on n   analysis.

rather then detailed

b)  He's fairl fairly y laz lazy, y, and often relies on   achieve good grades.

 A Put the words in the correct order to  complete the conversations. 1 A: Kate/anything/to/want/add/you/did?

rather than har hard d work to

tried and tested / think outside the box

a) I'd prefer to go with a

3

B: Yes, Yes, actually, I was wond wonderin ering g If you'd read the report on forest schools.

_________________________

method. It's safer that way.

b) Sometimes you need to _

main reason that the attainment gap Is 2 A: The growing Is lack of training. B: make / tha thatt / about / comment / a / can / I?

there might be an alternative approach, rigid / versatile

a)  They seem to hav have e a particularly   mindset - they don't like to do anything out of the ordinary.

b)  The cour course se offers a

__________________________

approach to learning, combining conversation, video lessons and exchange programmes.

3 A: Substantially less is spent on teacher training than in the past. B: digressing/we/think/might/1/be ...

A A: u p / l / w r a p / j u s t / w h a t / w a s / l / c a n / saying? B: OK, but can you make It a quick point point??

FUNCTION LEA DING A DISCUSSI DISCUSSION ON 2

 A Read the extracts from discussions about education and  creativity. Find and correct two mistakes in each extract. 1 A: So, our task today is to discuss creative approaches to educati onal IImprovement. educational mprovement. Who'd like to kick this one out? Sally? B: Yeah, sure. sure. Well, I've been looking at some of the ways attainment is being addressed at primary levels. Rather than traditional testing forms, students are being offered the opportu opportunity nity to prepare ta task-fo sk-focused cused work which which highlights th their eir learning.

A: Could you illustrate on that? B: Well, the Idea Is that they work together to make or develop something which can show teachers what they've picked up during the academic year.

1^

 

5 A: Well, I'm not convinced myself, I think... B: Paul/to/say/can/just/we/what/ hear/wanted?

6 A: Look, there's a video about it online. I'll show you ... B: move / on / we're / time / so / pressed / let's /for.

BE

2. 2.4 4 Lis Listen ten an and d chec check. k.

Listen again and repeat sentences 1-6 from  Exercise 3A. Concentrate on the intonation to   sound impatient, tentative or firm and polite.

R E V IE W I: UN ITS 1-2 GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

VERB PATTERNS

For 1-10 1-10,, comple complete te tthe he second ssentence entence so it has a  similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five  words and the word given. 1 Ella succeeded in completi completing ng her applicatio application n on time. Ella on time.

__________________________

Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct word  or phrase. 1 had a profound impac impactt on / set in motion

a)  His discovery

changes in the way that people conducted research.

a) He might seem generous, but it's not for reasons; he gets course credits for voluntary work,

______________

__________________________

the right place.

3  It's really kin kind d of you to help me with my essa essay. y.

b) She's an incredibly

individual. She

cared for her parents for years.

APPRECIATE __________________________

me with the essay.

A 'Shall I get you a coffee, Kate?' said Tom.

3 outer outer fringe/umbrella term term marketing rketing an a)  I'd consider digital ma as there are so many varieties labouring under that description.

OFFERED Tom

_________________________

2 altruistic/compassionate

APPEARS

I

___________________________

many younger you nger composers, who were inspired by h her er..

her application

2 i think that tha t this is the ri right ght place place,, here. This

REVIEW I

b) Her approach to playing

MANAGED

___________________________

__________________________

Kate a coffee.

could continue our 5  Getting the money meant we could

b) They've been operating on the of business for years. Who knows if what they do is actually legal.

___________________________

research. ENABLED Getting the money with our research.

A game-changer/pioneer __________________________

a)  In terms of promoting renewables, the new lithium ion battery was a . b) With her unconventional style, she's widely regarded as a in the fashion indu industry. stry. _____________

6 Parki Parking ng is not permi permitted tted here. ALLOWED You are

here.

5  busines business s model / online transaction a)  I'm afraid I don't have much confi confidence dence in their

might ght miss the plane if she waits. 7  She mi RISKS She

Rl

. It seems very vague. if she waits.

___________________________

8 It' It's s compulsory for all all college employees to ca carry rry ID. REQUIRED

b)  I

understand that our cover the bill didn't go through.

to

__________________________

6 d estitute/ha rd up waitt for pay day to arrive. I'm a bit a)  I can't wai

All college employees carry ID.

__________________________ _____________

b)  Following the

can'tt be angry with him - he wants to try a 9  We can' new job.

left

at the moment. banking c cris risis, is, millions of people were .

_____________

7  access economy / on-demand access has opened up a a)  Th e

BLAMED

__________________________

He shou shouldn't ldn't new job.

to try a

10 It was agreed that the issue would be brought up

world of possibilities forpeople forpeople who want to tomake make little bit more money.

a

b)  The fifilm lm was onl only y available vi a ___________ ____________________, _________,

at the next meeting.

and we don't have a subscription.

BRING

8 unstinting/vulnerable

They resolv ed They the following meeting.

up at

___________________________

a) With tax increases hitting hard, many people are becoming

b) She

_____________

to poverty.

showed energy and enthusiasm throughout the charity campaign. _____________

shift ift 9  pilot studies / paradigm sh a) They conducted several

_________________________

to determine how efficient the system was.

b)

The advent of motion capture technology was a for film-making.

10 lavish / philanthro phi lanthropic pic wouldn't dn't be so a)  I really wish they woul presents. It must cost a fortune.

b) She's renowned for her

________

donates a great deal to charity.

 

with works. She

Rl

R E V IE IEW W I: UNITS UN ITS 1-2 GRAMMAR

CON TINUO US AND PERFECT ASPEC ASPECT T

Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs  Complete in brackets. Since we arrived here in the summer we 1 (wonder) how best to help the community. The locals 2 (be) so welcoming, and we just want to give something back, you know? A couple of weeks ago, we started an online campaign for the local school. We __________________________

__________________________

3 (set up) a website where people can make donations. But unlike most fundraising drives, they'll be donating time, rather then money. So fa far, r, w e 4 (have) a lot of interest from different tradespeople, and even the media. On Friday morning I 5 (speak) to local radio about the project. A bit nerve-wracking, but hopefully it'll go well. Kate6 (arrange) things with all the different businesses who want to get involved involved - i t 7 (take) up most of her time at the moment. To be (amaze) by honest, we 8 everyone's unstinting unstint ing generos generosity. ity. At the beginnin beginning, g, w e9 (think) perhaps __________________________

__________________________

FUNCTION

PRESENTING SURVEY RESULT RESULTSS

Complete the conversations with the phrases in the   box. another illustration of this might speculate that my impression was on the whole thatt seems to be the consen tha consensus sus to c cite ite one e example xample

1 A: Have you found that most customers are happy with the service? B: Yes, - although there are always going to be a few issues.

2 A: Do they offer any advantage in terms of service? B: Well, anywhere seven days a week.

__________________________

they will deliver

3 A: That's pretty useful. I guess it helps more flexible

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

small businesses. B: Yes, a packaging service, too.

4 A: Why did people use that company over others? B: Well, they offered more competive prices than anyone else. __________________________

5 A: Are people concerned about the lengths of  contracts they have to sign up to?

___________________________

fifty it like three 10 or so hours would be donated, (look) but more hundred at this point. It just feels like a short time sin since ce we w e 11 (discuss) the idea, and now it i t reall rea lly y 12_ (take) off. ___________________________

B: I think customers I spoke to were happy with six-month contracts. __________________________

6 A: Can you give us a reason why there are so many businesses like this starting up?

__________________________

VOCABULARY PLUS PREPOSITIONAL PREPOSITI ONAL PHRASES AFTE AFTER R NO UNS 4 Underline the correc correctt alternatives. 1 He was only young when we discovered he had an an incredible talent for/of  mathematics.

2  One key consequence on/of  their policy has been a growth in class sizes. It's s worth remembering that the implications of/in of/in   3  It' this plan failing are massive.

A If you ask me, he lacks the motivation for/of  such an important role. had no hesitation in/on  accepting their generous 5  We had offer.

is that they offer

___________________________

B: Wel Well, l, yo u it's because there's less regulation in the market these days. ___________________________

VOCABULARY

REVIEW 2

S Complete the text with the words and phrases in the   box. derided engaged fire imagination fufill potential mutual respect quality curriculu curriculum m rigorous rigorou s standards steer clear of think outside the box I think that the reason so many educational policies are 1 j is that they tend to be qulck-fix political decisions, rather than looking at what is needed to keep young people2 in learning. All that most people want is that their kids kids get tthe he opportunity to 3 their - they aren't all particularly concerned about attainment and assessment. Yes, there need to be4 to ensure that teaching is of the highest level, but we ough oughtt to 5 telling teachers what to do all the time. Anyone who can __________________________

6  They started their busines business s with with the aim for/of   providing a bespoke service to clients. for/in   7 Since last year, we've had considerable success for/in extending our sales reach. 8 You shoul shouldn't dn't ignore the necessit necessity y in/of  a reliable mountain guide.

9 It was during a trip to Australia that I developed a passion for/in  surfing.

_____________

_____________

___________________________

___________________________

___________ ____________ ___

10 The rescue team have been searching for days. There's no hope of/in  them finding anyone.

6   should be encouraged to explore this creative facet. As long as there's a 7   , there should be some flexibili flex ibility ty on how it's deliv delivered. ered. A good teac teacher her will be able to 8_ and foste fosterr a sense sen se o f9 among pupils. __________________________

___________________________

 

R E V IE W I: UN ITS 1-2 GRAMMAR

GRAMMAR   IF  AND A ND REL RELATED ATED EXPRESSIONS Complete the conversations with the phrases in the   box. You do not need all the phrases and sometimes  more than one answer is po possible. ssible. as long as but for if any it seemed as if otherwise unless without

if in dou doubt bt if so provided that

NOM INAL RELATI RELATIVE VE CLAUSES

Underline the correct alternative alternat ive in the senten sentences. ces. 1 I think it's really imp importa ortant nt to discuss whatever/ whatever/   whichever problems you've been having with your studies. That way you can make improvements.

2  I'll work with whoever/however I want to at the time. Learning is about collaborating with a range of different people. possible; e; whichever/ whichever/   3  I tend to read as much as possibl whenever I find a good book, I can hardly put it

You and your friends f riends have just ordered a 1 A: You takeaway delivery. When it comes, no one has money on them. Do you pay? B: Not contribute later on.

__________________________

down. however/   A Learning a new language is always fun however/ whatever it happens. It can be a new phrase from a

they intend to

taxi driver, or something you pick up in a class.

2 A: You're in a meeting, and your colleague, a

5  When I find a synonym for a new word, I tend to use whichever/whatever  is the easiest for me to

friend, is making no sense. Everyone is getting frustrated. What would you do?

pronounce, even though it might not work in the context.

B: i'd try to help him/her out, I'm not acting like a

___________________________

6  There comes a certain point where/when you just

friend, am I?

need to take responsibility for your action actions. s.

3 A: Would you ever consider studying abroad? B: Yes, I had a place at a good university and enough money. __________________________

7  I feel that it it's 's importa important nt to kn know ow why/how you intend to resolve the matter.

8  I'm sorry, I just don't know how/what to say about

A A: Would you ever walk out on someone during a

that. date? B: Maybe. Maybe. I f weren't going to click.

we just

5 A: What would you do if you found a suitcase full of  cash on a train? B:

LEADING A DISCUSSION

10A Put the underlined words in the correct order to 

I'd leave it where it was. And maybe tell someone at the next station. _______________________

6 A: Do you think he made much difference to the B:

his goals, we'd have

___________ _ _____________ _

been relegated this season.

PLUS

complete the sentences. a) can / just / come / in / if / 1/ here, I've got a few ideas.

team?

VOCABULARY

FUNCTION

FEELINGS

b) want / anything / add / to /you / did, c) d) e) f)

Pete?

might / we / be / digressing / 1/ think a bit. make / comment / about / a / that / can / 1, please? focused / stay / let's; there's a lot to cover. we're / on / for / move / so / pressed / let's / time, shall we?

Add letters to complete the phrases in the sentences. 1 I wouldn't woul dn't bo bother ther getting into a argu argumen mentt with him, him, he's got a c on his s about the fact that he didn't get the job.

B Complete the conversatio conversations ns wi with th the sentenc sentences es  from Exercise 10A.

_________________

2  He m

m yf  c stand being in the same room as him. _________

__________

__________

-I can't

here, e, 3  If you ever change your mind about studying her you with_o

we'd w

_______________

_______

a

_______

w

______________

the

6 Despite their good intentions, their plans began to come a at the s . __________

7 You know that s

_______________

f ______________ ______________

you get when you realise you've pressed send by mistake? 8 When I realised how close we'd come to danger, it made my b r_ c . __________

 

  __

_______

issue on TV?   ................... .................... .....

since last night.

_________

2  A: Did anyone see that documentary about this B: _ can we just answer the questions?

_________

_________

B: Good point, we've only got a few minutes before we report back to class.

.

A I'm not sure that team sports spor ts are h his is thing; he looked like a f out of w .

5  That's it, I'm headin heading g home. I've fel feltt u

__________________________ __________________________ _____________________ _________ 1 A : ____________

3 A : ___________ _______________________ ________________________ ________________________ ____________ B: Yeah, I did actually. I think we need to look at other options, too too..

__________________________ __________________________ _____________________ _________ A A : ____________ B: Sure, what was it you wanted to say, Ella?

5 A:

________________________ ___________ _________________________ _______________ ___

B: OK, we should try and stick to the main topic.

6 A : ____________ __________________________ __________________________ _____________________ _________ B: OK, but can you keep it brief, Anna?

RI

Rl

R E V IEW IE W I: UNITS UN ITS 1-2 CHECK Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 As far as I'm concerned, this idea is a

a) profound impact c) pilot study 2

.

b) game-changer

says that you just can't do that.

a) Paradigm shifting b) Game-changing c) Conventional wisdom considered idered 3  Have you ever cons a) to buy b) buying c) buy 4 I didn't ma na nage ge

a) to call

one of those?

him last night.

b) calling

c) call

thatt we n ee d with a new plan plan.. 5  I think tha a) to come up b) coming up c) come up 6 I decided to do this jo b matters.

a) to make

b) making

a differen difference ce where it

b) doing

a) business model b) profit driven c) online transaction m part of th e 19 I'I'm - I rent out my parking space. a) umbrella term b) on-demand access c) access economy 20  Children Children who a re for good work usually do a) derided

gues guess. s.

they disagre disagreed ed on a number of key issues issues..

a) Provid Provided ed that 23 

b) It seems as if

c) But for

, just ask som someone eone else,

a) If in doubt art since we visited

Florence.

a) for b) in c) of  You ou really shoul should d think about th e 11  Y

c) If any

doesn'tt fit In In.. She's a out of water. water. 24  She doesn' a) chip b) fish c) cloud 25  Your great idea iiss unfortuna unfortunately tely coming apart at the

a) arms b) consequences

b) If so

of your

actions.

c) motivations

eks s . 12  When I lost my job I spent several we ek a) vulnerable b) destitute c) on welfare 13  They are well-kn well-known own for th e ir work in the community.

b) shoulders

c) seams

would uld the initiative In class. class. 26  I really wish they wo a) find b) take c) offer you want, OK? 27  We can talk about a) whenever b) whichever c) whatever 28  This This re really ally isn't isn 't I imagined imagine d life would be. be. a) where b) when c) how You can't just rely o n to get the correct 29  You _______

b) compassionate c) philanthropic

The ca r that stange sound all morning. 14  The a) is making b) has been making c) will have been making for mor more e than twelve 15  By this evening, h e ______

answer.

a) intellect 30  It was just a

b) intuition

c) fertile imaginati imagination on

decision to study musi music, c, nothing

hours.

else.

a) has been working b) has worked c) will have been working

a) versatile b) tried and tested moment oment c) spur of the m

RESULT

 

c) praised

______

a) for b) in c) of 

a) altruistic

b) engaged

answer, er, m ak e 21  If you don't know the answ a) an educated b) a perfectionist c) a highly beneficial 22

a) for b) in c) of 

a) implications

to the bank to secur secure e

funding.

that.

c) do

have absolutely no hesitation 9 We recommending him for the job.

.

well.

8 We started out early this morning, with the aim getting home at five five..

sion n 10  She's had a pas sio

18  They took th eir

c) make

7 It's really strange to see y o u

a) to do

whatt s he 16  I was really shocked when I heard wha a) had done b) was doing c) will have been doing 17  The chi children ldren to visit nex nextt weekend weekend.. a) will have been hoping b) will have hoped c) are hoping

/3 0

I VOCA VOCAB B UL ULA A RY

READING

JOBHUNTING

2 A Read the article and choose the best description. The article is

Add letters to complete the phrases in the sentences.

light-hearted d description of the process of job a)  a light-hearte hunting.

1 There have been a numbe numberr of appl applican icants ts for the job but none s o .

b) an irreverent observation of the process of job

_________

interviews.

2 What we're looking for are people who can c

serious s overview of the challenges facing job c)  a seriou

ideas clearly.

____________

3 One major drawback with this industry is the profusion of b

___________________

.

seekers.

4 I'd consider deleting your Facbook a account ccount;; your d f  could put off potential employers. _______________

___________________

5 Given the emphasis on online marketing, this role requires d to be of the highest level.

I

_______________ ________________

6 Wearing the 'wrong' clothing to an interview can still j your chances. _______________________

7 She's a phenomen phen omenal al communicator, communicator , with some of the best s s I've seen. ____________

8 I'd app apprecia reciate te any advice advic e you could give m me. e. I'm a complete n . ____________

9 I think he'd be an interesti interesting ng proposit proposition; ion; he he's 's got a good t . r 10 Remember, when you get into the interview p u _ your strengths strengths wherever pos possib sible. le. __________

____________

AND H O W DID DID YO YOU U HEAR ABOUT T THIS HIS JOB? Home

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So, it's the big day. The seemingly interminable  

hardened interviewee. Perhaps they won't like  like 

some vision vision beyond th e next pay day and and  

trawl th rough online ads ha hass come to an an  

the real me? Perhaps I should have checked  checked  

demonstrate a realistic understanding of career  

end. Your CV has passed muster, picked from  

my digital footprint for compromising posts?  

progress progr ession ion with in th eir industry. We live live  

a teetering pile. The cursory cursory emai emaill invite  

But remember, it's not really a question at all.  all.  

in an era where people may have multiple,  

res responded ponded to in just the right m anner - a 

Employers Employe rs are sometimes sometimes looking to see what  

often overlapping car caree eers, rs, differing from the  the  

curious, curious, enthusiastic enthusiastic yet placatory tone. And And  

motivates you to succeed in your personal  

traditional 'a job fo r life' idea, but you should should  

now? The interview.

life, but on the wh ole, they are just tryin g to  

be able to clear clearly ly demon strate your aspirati aspirations. ons.  

Despite recent attempts to revolutionise the  

reduce tension. Keep it simple, and wherever  

Experiences augment others, and these will  

concept - such such as candidates interviewing  

possible avoid rambling anecdotes.

build a more individualised career path.

one another - the job interview has has remained remained  

Then the rea reall questions begin, 'W hat attracted  

When asked asked this question, thin k abo ut which which  

predominantly unchanged. A formalised rite  rite  

you to this position?' Shorthand for 'Are you  you 

opportun ities are aavailable vailable.. And be honest honest  

sure what this job entails, and can you see  see  

about how you want to approach them.  them.  

of passage for those embarking on their first  first  

 

Listings

steps steps into the world of work. A familiar, albe albeit it  

yourself doing it for the foreseeable future?'  future?'  

Honesty and self-awarene self-awareness ss are also key key  

terrifying, oppo rtunity for reinvention when when  

The key here is be enthusiastic and get  

for t hat class classic ic questi question on 'Can 'Can you tell me  me 

changing employer or role. It's perhaps perhaps that  

specific. spec ific. Think abo ut an aspect of the job that  

about a recent failure?' Wh at the employer  

sense sense of fam iliarit y which has kept things  

genuinely interests you, and be prepared to  

is seeking here is evidence of an ability to  

consistent. There's no need to change a long-  long-  

discuss it in detail. Show the interviewer you've  you've  

learn from lessons, to critically assess and  

running format i f everybody kknows nows how things things  

tho ugh t things through . Some sage sage advice advice is is  

evaluate past experiences. Too often they get  get  

work . But, occa occasiona sionally, lly, famil iarity does bre breed ed  

not to describe describe how the advertised advertised position is  is 

a litany o f woes th at stray into admiss admissions ions of  

contempt. Clichéd questions can be hard enough  

exactly what you're doing right now only to  

incom petence. Or, perhaps worse, a sen sense se of  

to answer sinc sincerel erelyy once, once, so what do you do do  

then say how much you dislike your current  

denial. While you want to appear confident,  confident,  

when yo u're on you r sec second ond or even even third  

 jo b.

pretending th at you 've never made mista mistakes kes  

interview? intervi ew? Well, one option is to think about   what th e interviewer really really wants to know.  know. 

N e x t w e g e t to th e d r e ad ad e d te r r i to r y o f  

can damage y our chances chances..

career aspirations: 'Where do you see  see 

Remember Remember,, interviewers aren't look ing for a 

We've pr obably all heard the ice-breaker, ice-breaker, 'Tell 'Tell  

yourself in five years?' For an employer, it's  

perfect person; they are looking fo r someone someone  

me a litt le abou t yourself.' This This short phrase phrase  

all abou t ascertaining ascertaining your se sense nse of drive  drive  

who fits.

can instil panic in even the most battle-

and expectation. They wan t you to show

Read the article again. Are the statements true (T) (T),, false (F) or not given (NG)? 1 The writer thinks that the majority of people would be satisfied if traditional approaches to job interviews were abandoned.

GRAMMAR EXPRES EXP RESSI SING NG MO DA L ITY

Underline the correct alternative alternati ve to complete the sentence sentences. s. 1 A: Was that Tom I just saw in the lift? B: No, it shouldn't have/it couldn't have  been. He's overseas on business.

2  The writer believes that having substantial experien experience ce of job interviews puts you in a better position when you are asked tried and tested questions.

2 A: B: 3 A: B:

3  Even candida candidates tes who have considerable interview intervi ew experience may often be concerned by questions that have a more personal tone. A When asked about oneself, it's it's useful to draw on detailed personal experiences experience s to convey your character.

5  Employers may often b be e wary of candidates who compare curren currentt and prospective jobs. 6 Interviewers ask about aspirations to ensure that candidates have a clear vision of where they could end up within a business.

7  The writer believes that the notion notion

A A: B: 5 A: B: 6 A: B: 7 A: B: A: 8 A:

I didn't say I'd have the report finished by tonight! Really? Reall y? You must/would  have forgotten your promise already! Do you think it'll take long to employ a new boss? Probably. I could/would gues guess s there'll be a fair number of applicants. I'll phone Andy and ask what he thinks. You should/had better not ring now. It's far too late. Look at that. There's plenty of food in the fridge. Oh. We mustn't/needn't have ordered pizza. Shall I cancel? Aren't you coming to the film then? I'm sorry, I've got loads to do. You should/could go though. You'll like it. Anyone interesting called? Let's see. Another sales call. I might/must  have guessed. We're getting so many these days. Where are they? Are they lost?

B: Not sure, they ought to/need to  be here by now. 4 Complete the article with the phrases phrases in the box. box. Sometimes more  than one answer is possible.

of a long-term career path is a positive one. 8 Interv Interviewers iewers are likely to b be e attracted to candidates who cannot draw on an example of failure, as this shows they are weil-adjusted.

mm

absolutel y essential that being able to be capable of absolutely could be that may well supposed to have will undoubtedly would guess

••

C Complete the sentences with the underlined words in the article. and 1 Storie s of  corruption within the firm are rife. It's only time before they're closed down. It's It's not the first time the y've had to   staff numbers w with ith temporary consu consultants. ltants. ___________

People sometimes assume that this roie is fairly straightforward, but it a lot more than you may think.

_____________

After our first conversation I was furious, but he was more the next time we discussed things.

_____________

It's important to   a winning attitude in your staff if you you want them to work effect effectively. ively. ________

The CEO's speech was a monologue on inspiration and motivation. Sadly, it achieved neither. ______________

20

 

Starting a new job is one of those rites of passage that invariably fills us us with dread. You've You 've overthrown any lingering anxie anxieties, ties, aced the interview and surpassed yourself in the seemingly unsympathet unsymp athetic ic face of HR. Now, it's 1_ you make it through the first day without causing a diplomatic incident, or at the least avoiding the mantle of office pariah. But wait a minute. Remember that while most new starters are  2 a modicum of talent, they  3 commit a number of mistakes as they get to grips with the buzzwords and acronyms that plague the modern workplace. You 4 need a few days just to decode what marketing mean by all that blue-sky thinking. And 5 tell your SA SAP P from your elbo e lbow w is a skill skill that takes time. If you're luc lucky, ky, it 6 your workplace provides a mentoring system. While the cynical may say that you needn't depend upon the guidance of an office elder, remember, they are a vital resource. Under their tutelage you'll soon 7 navigating the pitfalls of open-plan office life, work the coffee machine and keep admin happy. And that, 18 : , is all that most people want ____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

____________________________

from a job.

 A COVER CO VER EMAIL ; LEARN LEA RN TO IMPROVE IMPR OVE USE USE   OF FORMAL LANGUAGE Complete the cover email with the phrases in the   box. am accustomed to working under pressure am dedicated to the profession has an excellent reputation in has taught me to adapt to have extensive experience working with would woul d be grateful for the opportunity to

Replace the underlined phrases in the email with   the more formal phrases in the box. box. a real asset to consideration explore my suitability for the position I have been involved in projects similar to I was particularly excited to discover Please contact me

C Read the job adverts. a dverts. Take notes on the job you  want to app apply ly for for,, and why. why. O N L IN I N E M A R K E T E R F O R    IN N O V A T IV IV E F A S H IO N S T A RT U P £35,000-40,000 This is a rare rare opportun ity to take on an exciting role in our

To:

European marketing team. We're seeking enthusiastic and

I am writing to apply for the position of content developer advertised on your company website. al was really happy to hear about this opening as lnov88 1 the profession. I've also been very impressed with your recent sales campaign and your move towards incorporating consumer-generated content into your marketing narrative.

self-motivated self-motivat ed individuals with a head for fashion and a creative drive. Work with us to build brand loyalty, loyalty, and move our strategy onto a range o f digital platforms. You will need:

___________________________

excellent IT skills

_______________________

_______________________

As my referees will attest, I  4 and to short deadlines that are commonplace within the industry. I am a team player with excellent communication _______________________

skills and a desire to learn. Furthermore, I  5 and see myself  working long-term with the right company. I consider lnov88 to be an ideal working environment to develop the skills and strategies which I currently possess. As a content developer with a vision for blending functio fun ctio nal nality ity and design, I believe I wou would ld be ca_ definite plus for your company. _______________________

As requested, please find my C V attached. This includes contact information for three references, and a link to my online portfolio. 16

_______________________

dis discu cuss ss my applicati appl ication on

in more detail, and to dchat dchat abou t h ow good I am. eCall me at you r convenience, and than k you for y our fcaref fcareful ul thoug hts.

 

flexibility

Send us us your CV and and a covering covering letter lett er to to.

I'd like to take this this opportunity to draw attention to relevant aspects of my background: • Si Since nce 2016 2016 bl hav have e don done e lots of stu stuff ff li like ke vours. developing online materials in a freelance capacity for a range o off start startups ups.. • Th This is2 2 working to a tight brief, while offering technical insights. • 13 a full range of  current coding and design packages. • My art school school backgroun background d provides an aesthetic understanding of design.

creativity

Travel guides required GoForth is a leading provider of language services within the tourism sector. sector. W e are curren tly recruiting bilingual travel guides for a range of assignments in a number of interesting and exotic locations. Your primary responsibility will be providing face-to-face interpreting, working alongside our local guides. The work is based throughout Asia and South America, so willingness to travel is a must.

Skills: fluent English plus one other language excellent communication skills good organisational skills ability to work with a variety of people and ability to improvise

Contact us on ...

D Writ Writee a cover ema email il of your own (250 words). Use  some of the ideas from this unit to help you.

VOCABULARY HONESTY 1 For 1 1-6 -6,, complete the second sentence so it ha hass a similar meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and the   word given. 4  When it came out that her CV was fak fake, e, she was 1 I think it's about time tha thatt they owned up to the situation before things escalate. CLEAN They before it escalates any further.

___________________________

the situation

He's 's finally let everyon everyone e see how he really feels 2  He about things. TR TRUE UE He's

__________________________

at last.

3  She was spotted taking the money, so she's bound to get fired. RED They fire her.

_________________________

, so I'm sure they'll

totally total ly humiliated. FAC FACE E Sh e her CV was fake.

___________________________

the revelation that

telling ng things 5  The documentary went some way to telli exactly as they were were.. PICTURE

It some extent.

___________________________

the circumstances to

6 I don't know why nobody wants to talk about this. It's It's important. OVER Why is important issue?

__________________________

such an

LISTENING 2 A Is it popular for students to get work experience where you're from? Note down   some of the reasons why they might do it. 3. 3.1 1 You You are going to hear five short extracts where student studentss talk about their   work experience. Listen and write the reason why they chose the job (A-G) next to the   speaker and question number (1-5). There are two options you don't need.

C Listen again. For questions 6-10 write next to each speaker (1-5) what benefits   (A-G) they got from doing the job. There are two options you don't need.

Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with the definitions a)-f). Read the audio script on page 65 to help you. a)  to stay financially stable stable 1 ... 'interns 'internship' hip' is often just a euphemis euphemism m for office dogsbody. b)  having a strong dislike dislike of something 2  I'm not avers averse e to hard work ... c)  the leading lead ing o orr most import important ant position or place 3 I need as much as I can just to keep afloat, living d) substituting an offensive word or phrase for here. 4 ... some of the nuances of differen differentt wo working rking cultures.

5 ... want to be at the forefront of change. 6 I'd been study studying ing abroad on an exchange when this cropped up.

 

something less offensive

e)  a subtle difference in or shade of meaning f)   occur or or come to one's notice unexpectedly

iRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

PLUS

METAPHORS

SIVES Rewrite each sentence se ntence in the passive. Do not use the  underlined words.

Circle the correct options to complete the text. • • •

.*v.

universal appeal

1 I watc watched hed an amazing last night. It seemed like a straight forward bank robbery, but there was a which turned everything on its head. ___________________________

That was her first project. It had very limited distribution, but she chose it because the was was such a strong character. Django Unchained, with Unchained,  with its depiction of gunslingers, was Tarantino's updated version of  . th e It subverted the genre by using techniques lik like e to establish the characters and their context. __________________________

If a studio wants a big financial return, it tends to cast in one of the main roles. However, this is no guarantee of a box office hit, so having a strong ca can n

__________________________

__________________________

help bring critical acclaim. Disney films seem to be successful due to their , but they occasionally suffer from A film like Thelma and Louise Louise   is hard to define - is it a predominantly about two women's growing friendship, or a that explores notions of changing identity in America?

B E 7. 7.1 1 Lis Listen ten to two fil film m journa journalist listss talki talking ng ab about out test  screenings. For questions 1-6, choose the best answer a), b), c)   or d) according to what w hat you hear. hear. 1 Wh What at is said about the creative process of film-makin film-making? g?

a)  It's very much depend dependent ent upon financial retur returns. ns. b)  It's depen dependent dent upo upon n the creat creative ive vision of the direc director. tor. c)  It's depen dependent dent upon collaboration between a number of stakeholders.

d) It's dependent fundamentally on test audiences. 2 In terms of traditio traditional nal test screenings screenings,, Emma implies that spurious. urious. a)  the audience responses were often sp b)  the data collected was more trustworthy in the pa past. st. c)  the data collected was le less ss trustw trustworthy orthy in the past. d)  audiences didn't realise their importanc importance e in the proc process. ess. 3 Wh What at view iis s stated about emerg emergent ent technolog technology y being u used sed in test screenin screenings? gs?

a)  It ensures greater accurac accuracy, y, and provides greater security for investors in the industry.

b)  It ensures gre greater ater accuracy, but can be undermined undermine d by technical technic al issues issues..

c)  It impedes accuracy as it underplays emotion emotional al respon responses. ses. d)  It overstates the import importance ance of emotio emotional nal respo responses. nses. 4 Which factors do the speakers feel are worth considering within test audiences?   their attitude tow towards ards te technology chnology a) b)  their attit attitude ude towards change in the film industry c)  their emotional recep receptivene tiveness ss d)  their backgroun background, d, identity and race 5 Wh What at do scans of the bra brain in tell us about audience members when the activity is concurrent?

a)  They are all concentrating on identical subject ma matter tter in the film.

b)  They all feel more positive about the film film.. c)  They always react to the content cont ent in exactly the same wa way. y. d)  They are all more critical about the film film..

___________________________

6 Tony e expresses xpresses concern that tthe he screen testin testing g process c could ould result in

a)  films that lack any artistic merit. b)  films that favour spectacle over substance. c)  films that are overly complex and emotional. d)  films that are less cognit cognitively ively engaging. 19

 

GRAMMAR SUBJUNCTIVE

Blade Runn Runn er 2049

3

Find eight verbs to change to the subjunctive to make the  text more formal in style. If the change to the subjunctive   does not change the verb form, you can use should. Scriptwriters represented by our union are being forced to make last-minute rewrites without additional payments. In addition, writing credits are being removed from many motion picture credits without permission. It is important that these issues are taken into account by the committee at its earliest convenience. The writer's guild has rejected calls that it amends current guidelines, and requested that the union uses its position to petition for improved terms, if any attempt to breach these terms takes place, we advise that the member refuses to comply and notifies their union representative forthwith. We ask that detailed notes of any exchange are kept for legal purposes. It is imperative that these guidelines are followed by all members.

For 1-6, complete the second sentence so it has a similar   meaning to the first. Use no more than five words and   the word given. 1 Can you go now now,, ple please ase?? RATHE RATHER R I

_________________ _________

, thanks.

2 We recommend contac contacting ting the press immediately. IS Ou r the press immediately. ___________________________

3 I'd rather you didn't stay for long at the pa party. rty. BETT BETTER ER It

stay for long at the pa party rty..

A I've had enough of her constant complaining! WISH compl complaini aining ng aii the time.

I

5 The children need to go to bed bed.. TIME It's

___________________________

in bed.

6 That's an odd thing for you to say say.. SHO SHOULD ULD It's

___________________________

something like that.

WRITING  A REVIEW; L EARN TO EDIT A CO COMP MPL L EX T TEXT EXT

5  A  Read a student's review of the film Blade Runner  Runner  2049. Match the underlined sections with the tutor's  

comments below. Strengths a)  Good use of style in terms of evaluation b) Succinct - a very brief summary of a convoluted plot c)  Concise reference to the original gives contextualisat contextualisation ion

' lBBZ's Blade Runne r  flopped at the th e cinema - widely dismissed as a stylish but ulti dismissed ultimately mately empty exer exercise. cise. A victim of negative test t est screenings, a rather clunky happy ending was tagged on which was only rectified with the Director’s Cut a decade later. That version cemented the t he film as a masterpiece of modern cinema, to sit alongside al ongside cl classics assics such as Kubrik’s 2001. 2001.   So, a quarter of a century later, what should we expect from a sequel to something so revered? Well, the initial promise is good. Dennis Villeneuve is at th the e helm, bringing wi with th him 2a bold vision of a fut future ure th that at is bleak yet familiar. Co Co-written -written by the origina original's l's screenwriter, Hampton Fancher, the story is taut and cerebrall but not without an emotional heft. cerebra The action plays out thirty years after the disappearance of replicant hunter Rick Deckard, who went we nt from destroyin destroying g androids for the law to falling in love with one. In the interim there's been a ‘blackout’ - ten days of digital darkness which have wiped replicant production records, and created a blank space in humanity’s databases.3Into this dystopia comes K, played by a lugubrious Ryan Gosling. K tracks down wayward androids - ‘retiring’ them for any perceived indiscretions. It’s during one of his investigations that he comes across information which will lead him to seek out Deckard, and unearth secrets about what humanity has become.

‘'Blade Runn er2049  asks big Questions. There are no formula style plotlines. The action-fuelled set pieces typical of the genre really work, throughout the film we are asked, what is it to be a human in the digital era? Does identity amount to anything more than one algorithm jost jostling ling with countless others? 6Roger Deakin shows us how identity and image come together toge ther tthrough hrough his great way of filming filming.. Characters gaze at each other through glass screens and see th the e ghosts o off themselv themselves es gazing back. 7Bodie Bodies s blend and diffuse in dust-blown deserts and teeming neon-lit labyrinths. As K’s search mirrors Deckard’s early quest, this mirroring becomes more apparent. Perhaps Villeneuve is suggesting that in our culturallyaware climes we are all replicants? 8Wh Whate ate ver verth the e intention, there is no denying that Villeneuve’s vision is a spellbinding blockbuster in scope but much more insightful in it's execution, resulting in it being a worthy addition to the sci-fi pantheon.

of the film in genre

d) Good use of descriptive style, rich language! Weaknesses e) Overly wordy, could edit this to have more impact f)   Nice us use e of rhetorical questions, but limit where

Rewrite and improve the sections sections tha t the tutor   has highlighted as weaknesses.

possible

g) Could use more cohesive devices to connect ideas and improve style

h) How could you improve descriptive style here?

Write a review of a film you have seen. Write a  first draft of about 380 words. Then reread your   work and decide where edits can be made. Your   final version should be about 320 words.

 

VOCABULARY

— BBr■ ■ ■ H r

RELATIONSHIPS Complete the sentences with the words and phrases 

• • .. ___________________________________ N e i t h e r r h y m e n o r re as o n

1

0

I c a n he a r m y p uls e p ound ing, a nd , t hr ough t he m ic r op hone

3

in the box. clicked straightaway didn't take clicked meet people halfway never comprom compromise ise put a strain on rocky stable stabl e

c le nc he d in m y s ha k ing fis t , t he s ound of a s t r a iine ne d b r e a t h. I look ou t a t t he e x p e c t a nt a ud ie nc e , t he t a b le o f s te te r n jjud ud ge s , c e ililing ing f a n s i n s lo lo w r o t aatt iioo n . E v e r y o n e w a i ttss . W a i t s f o r w o r d s . M y h e a d iiss a torrent of them, but m y m outh will not engage. W h at on earth r h y m e s w i t h High Wycombe  . . . ?

1 When John first joined here I to him at all. He seemed very arrogant, actually.

T hr e e we e k s a go, t he t e r m ' p oe t r y s la m ’ m e a nt ve r y lit t le t o m e . P oe t r y wa s one o f thos thos e r a r e ffie ie d a r t ffor or m s t h a t ot he r p e op le d o.

2 Being in the same office as my wife can occasionally our relationship, but things run run pretty smoothl smoothly y if we stick to 'n 'no o work chat' at home.

Ye s , I'd I'd d a llie d wit h b la nk ve r s e a s a love lor n t e e n, b ut t hos e we r e m or e ins p ir e d b y fa vour e d s ongwr it e r s of t he t im e . And fa ir ly ine ffe c t ive a s I r e c a ll. R e a d ing p oe t r y wa s s om e t hing we we r e c a j ole ole d int o b y ttee a c he r s , wh o t he n r e g r e t te te d it a s our m onot one s m a n g l e d t h e i r ch ch e r iiss h e d t eexx t ss.. W h y w o u l d a n y o n e w a n t t o p e r f o rrm m it a loud ?

___________________

____________________

3 Me and Jon Jonno? no? Ah Ah,, w e -shared the same interests in sport, music, all kinds of stuff. ___________________

4 Me and my flatm flatmate ate got on great, but things got a bit between us when his girlfriend kept complaining about the state of our flat. ____________________

5 I've been married twice, but my new relationshi relationship p seems see ms qui te - not too many arguments. ____________________

6 I've lear learnt, nt, through bitter experienc experience, e, that when you're in a relationship, you need to   . Being Bein g able to make concessions is so important, or you're constantly bickering. 7 Some peop pe ople le , but giving in isn't a weakness - it shows you can understand someone else's perspective.

READING Read the article and choose the best option. a) The writer has no experience with creative writing.

b) The writer has some experience with creative writing but not poetry. writer has a good deal of experience as a stage c) The performer.

Read the article again. Are the sentences true (T)  or false (F)? 1 Poetry had li little ttle relevance to the writer a as sa teenager. 2 A ke key y feature feat ure of slam poetry poetr y is its foundatio found ation n in academic stu study. dy. 3 In poetry slam competition competitions s there are clear parameters given for poets and judges. 4 According to Cristin Hollander, a good slam poet needs to captivate their public and get a response from them. 5 Many novic novice e slam poets are are very quickly able to adopt an authentic performing voice. 6 The write writerr discovers tha thatt repeated rehearsa rehearsall is a valuable exercise.

Ye t t he y d o. In t he ir d r ove s . B e ginning fr om fa ir ly hum b le r oot ootss in Chic a go in t he m id - 8 0 s,s, wh e r e it s m or e c om p e t it iive ve , oft e n c onfr ont a t iona l na t ur e wa s int e nd e d t o m ove p oe t r y r e c it a ls fr om a c a d e m ia t o a p op ula r a ud ie nc e , p oe t r y s la m s a rree now a glob a l p he nom e non. B ols t e r e d b y t he c onfla t ion of hip - hop flows int o m or e c on ve nt iona l p oe t ic t rrop op e s , it s m a ins t rree a m a p p e a l is wid e r t ha n e ve rr.. T he for m a t of p oe t r y s la m s is a fa ir ly fix e d one . T hr e e t o five m e m b e r s of t he a ud ie nc e a r e cchos hos e n b y a n M C t o a c t a s j ud ge s . Aft e r e a c h p oe m is r e c itit e d , e a c h jjud ud ge a w a r d s a s c or oree r a nging fr om z e ro ro t o t e n. T he highe s t a nd lowe s t s c or eess a r e d r op p e d , le a ving e a c h p e r for m a nc e wit h t he ir r a t ing. As p oe t s m ove t hr ough t he r ound s , the lowest scorer is eliminated. There are strict rules regarding p r op s,s, c os t um e s a nd m us ic a l aacc c om p a nim e n t - a ll for b id d e n. A nd you c a n' t ove r r un t h e t hr e e - m inut e t im e lilim m it . B r e vit y is t he k e y. T o guid e m e thr thr ough m y fir s t s llaa m , I e nl nlis is t e d t he a s s is ttaa nc e of Cr is tin tin H olla nd e r , a wa r d - w inning s la m p oe t . So, wh a t is t he s e c r e t t o b e ing a s uc c e s s ? Cr isis t iin' n' s a ns we r s e e m e d t o b e d e c e p t ive ly s im p le - ' e nga ge t h e a ud ie nc e , e lic it a r e a cctt ion' ion'.. H olla nd e r r e c k ons t h a t t h e b e s t w a y t o d o t h i s iiss to to i m b u e y o u r w o r d s w i t h y o u r o w n e x p e r ie nc e s , for e gr ound you r c ult ur a l b a c k gr ound , a nd a r t ic ula t e t h e i n t e r p l a y o f t h isis w i t h t h e w o r lldd a r o u n d . S o u n d s e a s y e n o u g h ! Se ve r a l hour s la t er er , I ha ve a c r um p le d p a ge b e for e m e - s c r a wli wlings ngs a nd s t r ik e t hr oughs , a ll int e r p ola t e d wit h od d d ood le s a nd not e s on p a c e . I r ea ea d m y fir s t a tttt e m p t . Cr is t iinn ge ne r ous ly n od s . H e r ve r d ic t ? ' I'I've ve he a r d wor s e .' So, it 's b a c k ttoo w or k in g in r hym e s c he hem m e s a nd e x c is ing ing c lunk y p hr a s e s . ' OK , n ow r e aadd it , wit h a b it of e m ot ion.' Ca s t ing off inh ib ititions ions I b egin. egin. Cr is t iinn s t a r t s llaa ughing. M y e r r or ? ' Sla Sla m voic e ' - a r a t he r d e r is iive ve la b e l for t he ov e r - e m ot ing t ha t c a n go on a t s p ok e n wor d e ve nt s . One wa y t o d is c e r n a ne wb ie is t o lis lis t e n ou t for high p it c h, s ttrr a ine d int on a t ion. T he r e ''ss a p r op e n s itityy t o p us h t he e m ot ion a b it m uc h, le a d ing t o ove r e m p ha s is ing wor d s whe n t he y a r e b e r e ft of m uc h m e a ning. Cr is t in s a ys it c om m only oc c ur s whe n p e op le wa t c h s la m p oe t s in p e r for m a nc e a nd a t t e m p t t o i m m e d i a ttee l y e m u l a t e tthh e i r s t y llee . A fe w hour s of e m b a r r a s s m e nt p a s ss,, a nd a s I r eecc it e m y wo r d s for t he um p t e e nt h t im e C r is tin tin s ole m nly int one s , ' Ye a h, t ha t ' s it.' it.' An d t ha t is ho w I end end up he r e , on t he s ttaa ge , in t he b a c k r oom of a p ub in Ea s t L ond on . I ta ta k e t he m ic iinn m y c la m m y ha nd , a nd look ou t a t t he a u d i e n ce ce . A m o m e n t , a ssii g hh,, t h e n c o m e t h e w o r d s . . .

©oo®

 

GRAMMAR  ADVERB IA IALS LS

6 Diffi Difficult cult as it is to believe, she wrote her first novel at the age of sixtee sixteen. n. People le are surprised tha thatt she could write a novel a)  Peop at her age.

Correct the mistakes in the sentences.

believe eve that she c could ould write a novel b)  People don t beli 1 I found it quite astonish astoni sh tha thatt so few of my classmates had read his poetry.

at her age. 7 On reflec reflection, tion, that was the entirely wrong thing tto o say. aboutt it, it, I shoul shouldn't dn't have said that. a)  Thinking abou it, those were the wrong wo words rds b)  Thinking about it,

2 Sta Starti rting ng out as an actres actress, s, she ha has s operated as a high success director for the last decade.

to use. 3 If you hav haven't en't seen the film already, I would thorough recommendation.

8 forgettable. So many of these song songs s are just instan instantly tly

a) I find It hard to remember the words to the won't n't be joining A I was somehow sad to hear that you wo

songs. thatt the songs have no lasting value. b)  I think tha

us for dinner this evening. 5 Althoug Although h the critics don't don' t seem to agr agree, ee, I tho thought ught she was absolute perfect for the part.

VOCABULARY PLUS  ADVER  A DVERB B -ADJ -A DJECTIV ECTIVE EC COL OL L OC OCA A TIONS TIO NS

6 I think that tha t this piece of music is deep evoca evocation tion from a time of great sadness. 7 Difficulty Diffic ulty as It is to believing, Sar Sarah ah was given the  job despite being the weakest candida candidate. te. 8 She only vague remembered me, me, which which I found deep upset.

Decide which sentence, a) or b), has a similar meaning to the first. 1 The fest festival ival concluded conclu ded with a fireworks display, which was quite spectacular.

Match words from boxes A and B to make the most   appropriate collocation to complete the sentences.  A bitterly

fundamentally

Infinitely

predominantly

greatly

hopelessly

prohibitively

vitally

B admired different female important

disappointed expensive inadequate preferable

1 While many people downplay the relevance of poetry in the modern world, I think it's that we have a connection with literature. __________________________

end of the festival there was a fairly a)  At the end entertaining entertaini ng ffireworks ireworks dis display. play. end d of the festival there was a an n extremely b)  At the en entertaining entertaini ng ffireworks ireworks dis display. play.

2 We'd hoped to get tickets for the premiere of h his is latest film, but it sold out within seconds. We're that we'll miss it. __________________________

2 On the whole, I'd consi consider der myself mysel f as quite quit e a positive individual.

3 I've often thought about eating there, but from what I've heard It's . The level __________________________

a)  I think of myself as as being fairly positive positive.. b)  I think of myself as extremely positive. 3 The facilities at the hotel were totally inadequate.

a)  I'm rather disappointed that the facilities were below standard.

b)  I'm extremely angry that the facilities were below standard.

A Despite there being a school nearby, it's a relatively quiet neighbourhood.

a)  Altho Although ugh we live close to the sch school, ool, it's always quiet round here. Although ugh we live close to the school, it's mostly b)  Altho quiet round here. 5 Muc Much h to my amus amusement, ement, the team failed to sco score re any goals. lost. t. a)  I found It funny that the team los lost. t. b)  People laughed at me because the team los

of service may not match the price tag.

A The poets on this term's reading list are , which will make things interesting when assessing the role of gender and language.

__________________________

5 The There's re's absolutely no point in trying to compare big studio blockbusters with authentic indie films, they're they 're jus t . __________________________

6 I thor thoroug oughly hly enjoyed the trek, trek, but Mark complained the whole time. His boots were for the job, and he ended up with blisters. 7 I'm not reall really yk keen een on going anywhere In this weather, but heading out is to staying here. __________________________

8 Although she's never won a major award, sh she's e's by both critics and her peers. __________________________

 

VOCABULARY

FUNCTION

TRAVEL

TELLING A NECDOTES NECDOTES

Complete the text with the words in the box.

Complete the story with the words and phrases in the  

box.

authentic indigenous legendary opulent panoramic soaring tranquil turbulent

Funny I think it was It was one of those things some sort of Stra Strange nge stuff stu ff like tha thatt this was like (x2 (x2)) were like like (x2 (x2)) you know wha whatt I mean? you should mention it, but that reminds me of the time tim e when a bunch o off u us s were in Kurashiki. We'd We'd  just finished cycling cycling ac across ross the Kibi Pla Plains, ins, loo looking king a att the different ancient temples and pagodas - you know all the cultural2 . Well, Marta was with us, and she 3 'When are we go going ing to get something to eat?' Marta Marta's 's always hungry,4 So, we wandered about these side streets looking for a place to get something. I was up for gettin getting g sushi sushi,, but the others5 'Can we have something a bit more normal?' I think maybe we'd overdone the traditional food thing. Anyway, after a while, we see6 place that does curry rice, things like that - a bit shabby looking, looking, but decent enough. So, we're looking at the menu in the window and 7 young guy popped his head out and 8 'Come in. Come in. Best curry in  Japan.' We all shuffl shuffled ed into this tiny ro room om,, whi which ch was da darkly rkly _____________

_____________

_________________

_____________

_____________

_____________

lit and ridiculously overdecorated o verdecorated - pictures pictures,, posters, musical instruments, hats, you name it. We were about to leave, but the guy was so enthusiastic, that we just couldn't. After we got the drinks in,9 Paul who asked what he he'd 'd recommend. So he go goes, es, 'Flamin 'Flaming g pineappl pine apple e curry.' So we 10 'Yeah, that sounds good, goo d, somet something hing sweet and spicy spicy.. Can we get a couple? couple?'' We kept chatting, and then after a few minutes there's this 11 weird sm smell in the air, kind of sweet, kind of   acrid. Then smoke starts filling the room! We're panicking at this point, but then the guy walks in with a tray, and plonks it down down at a t the table. T Two wo pineapple halve halves, s, full of cur curry. ry. Leaves ablaze and smoke billowing about the th e place. place. 12 you don't forget in a hurry! 13 , I can't remember actually eating any of it!

The Tongariro Alpine Crossing They call it New Zealand's greatest day wa walk, lk, and having completed the almost 20-kilometre  journey,  jour ney, I can see see w why hy.. Despit Despite e the relatively shor shortt length, the trek takes you up some pretty rugged terrain, with steep slopes and uneven surfaces adding to the challenge. Not far beneath you 1 forces of nature are shaping and shaking the landscape. T Tongariro ongariro is a complex of multiple volcanic cones constructed over a period of 275,00 275,000 0 years. White the last eruption of note was in late 2012, wandering below2 volcanic peaks can make you more than a little apprehensive. But the risk, albeit negligible, is well worth it. Once along the highest ridges there are

_____________

_____________

_____________

 3 views stretching out into the distance - on a clear day you can even see as far as Mount Taranak Taranaki. i. Yet it's not just about the heights heights.. As you descend into the Central Crater you find the  4 Emerald and Blue Lakes. These offer a perfect place to stop and reflect on the power of nature.. One word of caution, though. The Bl nature Blue ue Lake is, is, according to the 5______ ___ ______ ______ _____Maori __Maori people, a sacred site - so eating and drinking around its shore is forbidden.

__________________________

_____________

_____________

_____________

The crossing crossing ha has s an alm ost6 os t6 status among the th e trekking community. But in this cas case, e, it's definitely worthy of the praise. Time your trip right and you will certainly have an 7 alpine walking experience. And once you finish? _____________

_____________

Well, it depends on your budget, but we opted for one night in a rather8 hotel in nearby Taupo with a very big bath to soak aching limbs. ______

 

VOCABULARY IDIOMS FOR CHOICES M a t c h t h e s e n t e n c e h a llvv e s .

LEARN TO USE ELLIPSIS

3

A

Rewrite the conversation using ellipsis. A: Did you read this review? B: Yes, I did. I read it thi this s mornin morning. g. A: Have you you ever seen any of his films? B: Ye Yes, s, I've seen a couple of them. They were brilliantly brill iantly shot, and very atmospheric. A: Are they always subtitled? B: No, No, not always, some of the them m are in English.

A: Are you you going to see this one? B: I might do, do, but the p plot lot sounds a bit predictab predictable. le.

B E 7.2 List Listen en an and d che check ck..

 C 

1 There comes a point where you just ca can't n't sit o on n

a)  for choice. But in the end, we plumped for a red

one.

2   I've bee been n weighing up the options all d day, ay, but I 

think I need to sleep You u just wouldn't believe the rang range. e. We were 3  Yo

H  O I     C  E  

b )  dozen of the other. It'll cost me the same. c)   between handing in her notice or putti putting ng in a

complaint.

spoilt 4   He's got no backbone; he just goes with the line

d )   on it before I decide whether to take the job.

5   I'd like m my y daughte daughterr to stud study y nearby, but

e )   two evils evils,, and mi might ght make a difference in the end.

she's in a 6 Martin wasn't my ch choice, oice, but to be be honest he's the lesser of 

f )   quanda quandary ry because her friends have opted to

study abroad abroad.. g )  the fence any longer. You've got to make a

decision.

7   I can call a taxi or just jus t get the train. It's six of one,

half a

h )  of least resistance. I wish he'd give his own

opinions.

8 I don' don'tt think Martina knows what to do do.. She's torn

LISTENING 2  A

What are some of the key decisions that people often need to make in life? Note down your ideas.

8.1 8.1 Yo You u are going to listen to five short extracts extract s where people talk ta lk about decisions they have made.  For each speaker (1-5), look at the list of points in A-H below and decide what w hat reason they give for fo r making  the decision. For questions 6-10, 6-10, decide from the points in A-H A-H what each speaker gained from their   experience. Do both tasks at the same time while you listen.

C Listen again and check.

D Match the underlined words and phrases from the recording with the definit definitions ions a)-h).  Read the audio script on page 69 to help you. 1 studying fell by the wayside

a) raised for discussion

2 There were a lot of lucrative contracts

b ) deal with something in a calm way

3 When 1broached the subject of transferring

c) stopped being done

4 vou iust have to take that in your stride

d ) skilled, proficient

5 a wedding would've blown our meagre savings

e) well-paid

6 1feel more grounded

f ) stable, settled

7 the kind of person who thrives on setting

g ) inadequate, limited

themselves targets

h ) do well in a specific situation

8 it turns out that I'm quite adept

 

GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY PLUS

UNDERSTANDING COMPLEX SENTENCES

CONNOTATION

Write Wri te the complex sentences in the correct orde order. r. A Add dd any 

Underline the best alternative alternat ive to compete the 

commas that are needed.

conversations.

1 if recent reports can be trusted / the curren currentt governm government ent / which since the early 1990s / has had a detrimental impact / has decided to end its policy /on the funding of community services

1 A: I thought you'd made your mind up that you weren't going to take their offer?

B:

know, but they kept adding more and more incentives. In the end, I just acquiesced/buckled/capitulated.

A: Have you met the new guy who works in which have caused serious disruptio di sruption n / in recent weeks / are likely to continue / including Carlo Santi / the baggage handler strikes / into the summ summer er months / despite the assurances / to travellers on a number of airlines / of many leading union representatives

the café? nice, e, but not exactly B: Sam, isn't it? Seems nic articulate/garrulous/chatty. I articulate/garrulous/chatty.  I couldn't get a word out of him.

A: Have you thought about what you're going to make the kids for dinner? proba bly keep it p pretty retty simple - Chlo Chloe's e's B: I'll probably

proportion of the population / seemingly insignificant decisions / or which programme to stream next / among a significant signif icant / can create a good d deal eal of tension / which is difficult to alleviate / like what to make for dinner

really discerning/fussy/finicky discerning/fussy/finicky about  about what she eats.

4 A: Look at this photo! What do you think of that suit?

B: Well, it might not be the most in twentieth-century photojournalism / ranging from the war photographers / such as Frank Capa / later this month / a documentary docum entary / exploring some of the key moments / to social commentators like Mike Brodie / is scheduled to be broadcast

contemporary look, but I think he's intelligent/meticulous/well-dressed.

5 A: So, we're at this café, and John's like 'Let's go Dutch.' I mean, really.

B: Sounds like him, right enough. He never offers to pay for anyone else; he's so nit picking/nasty/stingy.

6 A: I'm really proud of her. She's done some extraordinary work in her field.

Find examples of hidden relative re lative clauses in the text. Th Then en  find places to add that or commas, and make any an y changes  to form where needed. Several members of the fire and rescue s service ervice,, (who were)  were)  honoured for their role in rescuing the crew of a fishing vessel stranded on rocks near the remote Shiant Islands have attended an award ceremony at Edinburgh Castle. Standing outside the ceremony protesting against job losses scheduled for this month a crowd of current and former forme r servicemen and women including representatives from the Highlands demanded they should be given greater support to carry out such dangerous work. The situation raises many questions facing rural and remote areas: Is it right we continue to centralise such services when they are so obviously essential to the communities they protect?

Absolutely, ly, people consider her to be a B: Absolute pioneer. She's truly clever/gifted/smart. clever/gifted/smart.   They won't give up, you know. You can say that again. They're determined/headstrong/resolute if determined/headstrong/resolute  if nothing else.

8 A: She looks happy. Did she get top marks again? proud/self-assured/   Of course. course. She's very proud/self-assured/ B: conceited conceited and  and never seems to doubt her ability to succe succeed. ed.

9 A: What did they think of your ideas, then? Any joy?

B: Well, they liked the report due to all the detail. They said it was m eticulo us /nit picking/systematic.

10 A: There's someone coming from head office today to give us advice on updating our systems. ous/   B: Oh, that'll be interesting. They are fam ous/  celebrated/notorious  for making change where none's needed.

m

'

r u

m  

VOCABULARY WAYS WAY S OF REA DING 1. Complete the texts with the correct  

READING 2 A Does Does the writer feel that story storytelling telling has has a pla place ce in mo modern dern society?  Read the article and find out.

form of the words and phrases in  the box. cast an eye over dip into flick through peruse plough through pore over read up on scrut scrutinise inise

We’ve probably all done it at some point in the past; head down, immersed and oblivious. The world around goes on and ye t you are lo st .. . within the pages of a book. It could even be argued that as we read our identity is subsumed by that of the narrator.

1

 _____________ 

Reading? I don't seem to do as much as I used to, unless you count1 the kids' homework on a Sunday evening. In my teens though, I was an avid reader. I was really into fantasy Thrones   books; you know Gam e o f Thrones and the like. Some of them were massive tomes, but I'd  2 a couple each month. That's the difference that parenthood brings.

___________________________

Yet increasingly, this notion of the focused or transformed reader is under siege. Storytelling and reading have gone social, meaning that instead instead of immersion, inter interaction action is the the U SR Over 50 percent of e-book buyers read stories on a smartphone, suggesting that disruption disruptio n and interj interjection ection is very much part of the contemp orary reading experience.

__________

2

B

But as so many people are reading in this way, is it all bad? Perhaps there are advantages to this new approach which will result in a divergent creativity that, while not quite mirroring the pull of the novel, nove l, engenders something else. R eading on the internet a as s part of a broader community renders you a participant in a kind of shared digital consciousness.

Mainly on holiday, that's when I

 3

___________________________

_____________

tend to read the most. I'll just  3 a couple of the bestsellers at the airport and choose whatever piques my interest. I'm not really the biggest reader reader.. I'll  4 the same novel for about six months. My girlfriend's the opposite though, but she loves non-fiction. She's always 5 politics and history. She's the same when we visit somewhere; she'll 6 all the information In a museum or gallery, whereas I lik like e to just look quickly at things. ___________________________

__________________________

__________________________

__________________________

C I love reading all kinds of things fiction, non-fiction. The last thing I read wasn't a book though; it was a contract for a new car. You really have have t o 7 those things th ings - there's so much small print. I was casually 8 the first page when I found a couple of points that needed clarifying, so I'm glad I did take my time.

Social reading, as the process is dubbed, is a synchronous reading practice where readers in diver diverse se settings can simultaneously engage with a text. This often happens in real time, with readers reading, commenting on content, responding to others’ comment s and contributing to the developme nt of a narrative.

 ___________   ___________   4 These conversations occur directly insid inside e the doc ument or book book,, in its margins and even within the text itself, enabling readers to simultaneously engage with the book in real time by highlighting, underlining and discussing the content on the pages themselves. Contributions can include written text, audio and video, ensuring that the full panoply of digital delivery is realised.  5_____________ It may well be that new kind kinds s of open-ended, continuous, seri serial al stories that transform transform readers into writers w ho are collaborating on and contributing to the story are the end result of social reading. Perha ps a n ew genre will be created, much in th the e way that the mechanised printi printing ng pres press s allowe d for the ris rise e of the novel novel.. Wha teve r the outcome, it seems that the idea of a pensive voice in your head could be displaced by a clamouring mass of creatives.

__________________________

___________________________

Read the article again. Five paragraphs have been removed. Match A-F   with gaps 1-5. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need. A However, the practice shouldn't be misconstrued as just another forum for feedback, or conflated with standardised online commenting feedback, c ommenting pra practice ctices. s. True social reading readi ng isn't just an exercise in below-thebelow-the-line line badinage.

B According to some neuroscientists, reading on a digital device tends to shift focus towards concrete details, and away from abstract inference and higher level interpretation. They argue that digital devices inhibit deep reading.

 

C This is envisaged as a hive of interactivity where storyteller, reader, critic and editor are all blended into one amorphous creative mass. Instead of disappearing into a text, the reader will be able to assert themselves upon the creative process, shaping stories and the way they are read.

Circle the correct options to compete the  article. ••?

D Recent research would also suggest tha thatt is the case case.. Psychologists such as Raymond Mar, of York University, have shown via MRI scans that as we read parts of our brains light as though we were physically and mentally experiencing the same events as a protagonist.

2

E We are seeing the evolution of the démocratisation of

have t h o ou ug gh h tt3 3

W hi hi l e m ma any pe op le will be a w a arr e 1

the

growing trend in readers downloading pirated e-book e-b ooks, s, and the accom panyin g decline physical bo book sales, th e ey y mi might not the im im plications for

publishing, as there is greater access to online publishing

authors and the publishing industry in general.

tools and social media networks. Yet this process of démocratisation doesn't necessarily herald an influx of creative works that demand our attention. Quality, it would seem, is variable in this brave new world.

According to recent figu figures res fro from m the Intellectual Intellectual Property Office, 17 percent of e-books

F As social reading platforms and services continue to evolve, better and more refined features wiii be offered that wiii further improve this reading practice. For example, specialised commentary and reai-time contributions from authors themselves or live author readings of the book taking place inside the document or book itself.

read online are pirated, which accounts for approximately 4 million books. This may be in d diic a att iiv ve 4

a m miindset that anything

available online should be fair game, but wh ha a tte e ve ve r the re re as as on on s s5 5

pirating material,

it is affecting authors' ability to produce new material. mater ial. Several prom inent authors have spoken out on social media to explain the

Find words or phrases phrases in the main part p art of the text that t hat match the definitions.

likelihood6

1 included or absorbed into something else (para 1 1))

terminate contr contracts acts due to poor sal sales es.. At the

2 an abrupt abru pt aside (para 2)

same time, th e y are co co n s c io u s 7

3  being surrounded (para 2) 4 tendin tending g to be different differe nt (para 3)

numbers o f pirat pirated ed copies being exchang exchanged ed online. Creative industries have a reliance

4)) 5  occuring at the same time (para 4

 8

6 named (para 4)

when a title is pirated the signal given to the

5)) 7  extensive or impressive collection (para 5

market is that nobody cares sufficiently to buy

8 thoughtfu thoug htfull (para 6)

______

ongoing series being left

incomplete since publishers are forced to

______

vast

engagement with their audience, yet

or borrow the material. While fans might insist  9

______

their devotion to a particular tit title le or

character, if this interest isn isn't 't translated into

GRAMMAR PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES Underline the correct alternative to complete the sentences. 1 Opposition politicians expressed expressed their anger at/w ith  the government's decision to support the ban.

actual sales, sales, then tthe he writin g sto stops. ps. Wh at is needed is the shift in understanding which has occurred in the film and music industries. Once fans dec id e10

_____

 

reading

a pirated version,

in favour of buying a book in whiche ver format they prefer, they are making a statement about their suppo support rt for artistic expre expression. ssion.

2 If you decide a g a i n s t / a b o u t going out for dinne dinner, r, you're welcome to eat with us. 3 I was very sceptical about their story story,, but after mulling it over I'm convinced o f / b y  the truth of their accou account. nt. 4 I'm amazed a b o u t / b y  the total ignorance shown by some so-calied experts. 5 Most people are upset a b o u t / w i t h  the way that the situation has been handled. 6 Isn't it normal i n / f o r  your  your parents to be involved in this kind of decision? 7 It seems like they are terrified a b o u t / o f  making  making a suggestion that will upset anyone. 8 You needn't have any re regrets grets f o r / a b o u t  changing your mind. I would have done tthe he same.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a)

at for against of  about of  at about at against

b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

in in about on for on of  in on around

c) c) c) c) c) c) c) c) C) C)

of  with around in with for on on with about

9 It's been increasing increasingly ly diffic difficult ult to believe for/in  anything that they are publishing, online. 10 I don't feel confid confident ent about/in  criticising her decision.

 

FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY; LEARN TO WRITE AN   INTRODUCTI INTRO DUCTION ON A ND CONCLUSION

Read the introduction and conclusion  paragraphs to the essay. Match each  sentence 1-5 1-5 to a function a)-e).

5

A Read the title tit le and main body of a for an and d again against st essa essay. y.  Which of the ideas in the notes below have been used? T h e o n l y w a y f o r a m o d e m c l as as s ro ro o m t o b e a   m ea nin g ful lea rning env iro nm ent is fo r it to   promote digital skills above all others. £er 1 Addresses Addresses a range o f learning styles styles   a Reconfigures Reconfigures the learning mode!

Within educational institutions students are spending an increasing am ount of time developing digital skills like coding. 2This seems to be a logical response to the pervasive nature of technology in our lives, and the demands created by the fourth industrial revolution. revolution. 3So, should digital skills be promoted above all others in an attempt to address technological need?

3 Prep Prepares ares students fo r futu re  

 A Encourage Encouragess g re at e r re sp on sib ilit Y   S' Matches Matches cu rre nt expectations

 Aga  Against inst.. 1 Offers too great a distraction   a Disp arity o f ac acces cesss ou t o f class class   3 Digital skills are n ot only necessit necessityy fo r futu re  

 A Priv Privacy acy

4In conclusion, the importance of maintaining a flexible education that prom otes critical critical thinking and creativity creativi ty outweighs the need to deliver a purely digital approach to learning. 5In my view, there needs to  be a balance bala nce w ith ithin in e ducatio duc ation, n, and digital skills skills cannot be prom oted above all others.

S' Creates an overdep endence

a) Connect with the audience by using an example relevant to them and the topic.

On the one hand, when working online, students tend to pick up on transferable technological skills skills that will have long-term benefits. Learning to manage files, use a range of software packages and code provides a strong foundation for the demand created by the pervasive use of emergent technologies. technologies. Furthermore, integrating technology into education ensures that students stay engaged w ith the le arning experience. experience. Millennials exist in a world tha t is imm ersed in technolog technology, y, so aligning the classroom with this world makes sense. It also dismantles the traditional passive learning model. Students are require d to interact as they navigate new processes, and teachers take on a role role which involves encouraging, advising and coaching. Conversely, it could be argued that the essential skills that are needed in the future are not technologically centred. With the grow ing prevalence of AI, AI, much software-based softwarebased work w ill be unde rtaken by machines. machines. Therefore, skills essential for success may become creativity and critical critical thinking. Technology Technology may well offer limited engagement with these important areas since many current digital learning tools are restricted in creative scope. Despite the falling costs of technolo technology, gy, it is also imp ortant to recognise that  parit  pa rity y of access ha hasn' sn'tt yet ye t been be en achieved. achiev ed. Finally, giving  preceden  prec edence ce to d igit igital al skills creates crea tes a sense se nse th that at stu dents de nts should use these as a default when approaching a task or problem. However, when students' initial response

b) State the dilemma, either as an indirect or a rhetorical question.

c) Summarise broadly the two sides of the argument, making your position clear.

d) Comment on the example. e) Make Make a clear stat statemen ementt of your opinion.

C Match the linking devices in bold in the  texts to their function. Contrastive:

________________________________

Additive: Exemplifying:

_

______________________________

Cause-effect / Reaso Cause-effect Reason: n: Other:

______________________

____________

D Write a for and against essay on the   following topic. Use some of the ideas from  this unit to help yo you. u. The o n ly wa y fo r a mo d ern   lea rning env iro nm ent to be   s ucces s ful is to g iv e s tuden ts the the   c h o ic ic e o f h o w , w h e r e a n d w h e n   they study. study.

is to immediately use a tool such as Google to find out something, the ir cognitive faculties faculties may be reduced.

 

VOCABULARY WILDLIFE

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and  phrases in the box.

Underline the correct correct alternat alternative ive to complete the sent sentences ences.. 1 I always val value ue your opinions, so how do you see/view  this? You get fined for litterin littering. g. Why should/will   2  You it be any different for not recycling?

animals animal lover con conservatio servationist nist cull hunt livestock lone wolf migrate pack predato predatorr prey

roam

1 S Se everal years ago, a group of campaigned to protect the wetland area from development and so they safe guarded a number of species. 2 Suppo Supporters rters of the réintroduction of the elephant stress that it's important they are allowed to free wherever possible.

ver y keen observ observation ation.. No one 3  That's a very m iight/w ght/w ould  disagree with that. does n't surprise 4  To be quite honest, that doesn't me in the least/less. supposing/supposedly so,  so, but look at 5  Welt, supposing/supposedly all the facts.

_____________

LEARN TO

3 As an ap ex , the European wolf plays a vital role in managing the ecosystem.

HEDGE HED GE AN OPINIO N

4 During the harshest winter months, large he herds rds of deer to areas where there is less snow cover.

4  A  Put the underlined words in the correct

_____________

_____________

5 If the popu population lation grows too larg large, e, the landowners la ndowners organi organise se a to ensure a balance is restored. _____________

6 One argument cited by many local farmers is that repop repopulating ulating the area with wolves could threaten their . _____________

7 Although I'm fond of m ost os t_______ I'd exercise caution around.

_, there are a few that

8 It's fascinat fasc inating ing to watch a their

of wild dogs stalking

________

9 She's always been a real

. I think she was inspired by all those documentaries she watched as a child.

10 The female group were closing in on a young buffalo when th ei eirr

was disrupted by an opportunistic

order to complete the conversation conversation.. A: Have you heard about these plans to stop prescribing antibiotics for common illnesses? Yeah, h, there was som something ething on the B: Yea radio about it last week. Sounded quite interesting. The GP who was on said that limiting prescriptions could have a reaily positive effect on tackling drug-resistant drug-resistant superbugs.

A: Hmm. 'Well, but no I'm expert think I it's important that any risks are properly assessed before they make a big decision like that. Wh at kind kind of risks co could uld there B: Reaily? What

FUNCTION

possibly be? GPs aren't exactly renowned for doing anything that wiii endanger patients.

GIVING OPINIONS

Correct the mistakes in the conversations. 1 A: So what are you taking on this? B: Weii, i agree in principle, but I think we need a bit more

A: What about kids and elderly people though? They have a tough enough time as it is without succumbing to every bug that's doing the rounds. dangers s B: 2feels maybe like but it's it me just danger

detail.

2 A: What's your view? a ny shape of animal abus abuse. e. And that's B: I'm really against any

are always exaggerated. They're only talking about stopping dishing out piils for minor coughs and coids.

A: Well, I don't think people are ready for it

how i see zoos.

3 A: In that response I'm total with you. B: Yes, it's a very compelling argument. 4 A: I think that the latest legislation wiii go a long way to solving the problem.

B: Reaily? I'd show surprise if that's the case.

yet. 3guessing th that at I'm a youn young g par parent ent with sick kids kids is going to feel ver very y differently! Wha t if they wer were e denied treatment?

B: Listen, I don't reaiiy think it's an issue. We've got to move with the times. Think of the inordinate expense to the health services, and what'll happen when firstline antibiotics stop being effective. re some there I agree with A: Well, ^things aare

5 A: Have you read the report in the paper? They reckon things'ii chang change. e.

B: On facing it, it seems that'll happen, but we'ii see, won't we?

that but think that I just this is probably a step too far.

B Q3 8.2 Listen and chec check. k.

 

R4

R E V IE W 4: UNITS 7-8 GRAMMAR  S U B J U N C T I V E

bear a grudge clicked straightaway straighta way didn't take forgive easily meet people halfway put a strain on

Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1

wha whatt may, may, your job here is safe.

a) To come

b) Come

c) Comes

B If there's one thing guaranteed to 5   any relationship r elationship,, it's sharing a flat. When I started living here I __________________________

2 We were anxious that everyone information at the same time.

a) received

b) receive

the

6   with Tanya - we'd cook meals together, watch TV, hang out. Sadly, I 7   to Clyde. Clyde. I've always felt that it's it's importa important nt to 8 , but with him there was never any compromise. And he used used to drink all the milk witho without ut gett getting ing his his __________________________

c) receiving

___________________________

3 If later.

be we can change our appointment appoi ntment for

a) need

b) needed

c) needs

4 It would be better If the me meeti eting ng until next week.

a) were

b) wilt be

__________________________

postponed

c) is

5 The WHO requ requeste ested d that the gove governme rnment nt current policy.

its

a) amending b) amend c) will amend 6 If the tick ets ___ cheaper, we wouldhave wouldhave flown fist class.

b) were

c) are are

The council ruled that the rest restaur aurant ant immediately.

a) was

______

closed

b) is c) be

b) be

say

c) were

b) says

c) to say

10 Fa r for me to tell you what to do, do, but I've never liked the guy.

a) be it

soaring

C She recko reckons ns it's probably the most 9   travel experience you can have these days. Says it's a million miles away from the all-inclusive, sun and sand deals that most people do. Something a bit different; you meet 10 people, and enjoy a more laid-ba laid -back, ck,1 11 existence exis tence high in tthe he 12 peaks of Bhutan. A panacea to modern life, pure __________________________

______

9 Su ff ffice ice we were all very surprised by the news of their th eir bre breakak-up. up.

a)

panoramic

___________________________

8 It Is Is very important tthat hat the new info informatio rmatio n taken into account.

a) are

authentic indigenous tranquil turbulent

__________________________

a) had been 7

own! Anyway, he's moving out pretty soon, so I'm happy about that. The only problem is, Tanya's going with him ...

b) Is it

c) it is

__________________________

relaxation. Not for me though. When I saw the price, I nearly nearly ha had d a f i t ...

GRAMMAR   A D V E R B IA L S

Rewrite the sentences using the word given. 1 You might be surpised by the news news,, but I'm leaving home. BELIEVE

VOCABULARY

REVIEW I

Difficult I'm leaving home.

____________ ____________ ____________ _____

Complete the texts with the words in the boxes. Two  words in each box are not needed. chick flicks female protagonist flashbacks formulaic plotlines heist movies plot twist

A What I can't understand is the ongoing appeal of these superhero blockbust blockbusters. ers. OK, OK, ev everyone eryone likes a bit of popcorn fodder, but the  1 are so mind-numbing. A bunch of disparate people with extraordinary powers band together to save the planet - and previously hostile human Inhabitants - from a vague threat. And because all the films are interconnected you get these Infuriating  2 to what's gone on before. It's all a bit testosterone driven, too. It'd be nice to see more blockbusters with a  3 Instead of them making up the numbers, or being the love interest. But I'm not intereste interested d in flaky fla ky 4 either - 1want female chara characters cters who d do o more than go shopping or cry over a crush. __________________________

,

2 I found it s so o funn funny y when he said he was a poe poet. t. AMUSEMENT he told me he was a poet. 3 They were devastated when they heard yo you u weren't coming. UTTERLY Your news for them.

____________ ____________ ______________ _

4 We all know what wen wentt wrong. It pains u us. s. AWARE We what went wrong.

___________ ______________ ____________ _________

5 You You should defin definitel itely y watch the film - it's incredible. THOROUGHLY I ________  ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________ _________  _ 

__________________________

the film. You'll love it. 6 We had to let her g go, o, although we were reluctant. RELUCTANCE

__________________________

__________________________

we let her go.

 

R E V IE W 4: UNITS 7-8 V O C A B U L A R Y PLU PLU S

A DV DVERB --A A DJE DJEC CTIVE

VOCABULARY

REVIEW 2

COLLOCATIONS

Underline the correct alternatives. They were bitterly/hopelessly  disappointed not to win a prize.

6 Comple Complete te the text wi with th the words aand nd phr phrases ases iin n  the box. cull dip into migrate pack pore over scrutinise sit on the fence spoilt for choice

R4

Predominantly/Prohibitively   Did you see those shoes? Predominantly/Prohibitively expensive, but so tempting. entallyy   Doctor Moore? Oh yes, he's greatly/funda m entall admired in the profession. I think we should fly; it's vitally/infinitely  preferable to taking the train train.. Have you met his sister? She's lovely, but p a i n f u l l y /  /  obviously shy. obviously  shy. It's greatly/highly  unlikely that you'll get there on time. Do you know him? He seems vaguely/clearly  familiar. I perfectly/distinctly perfectly/distinctly remember  remember you lockin locking g the door before we left. It's utterly/vitally  important that I speak to someone in authority. 10

I think that the problem is inextricably/unexpectedly inextricably/unexpectedly   linked to childhood trauma.

torn between

weighing up the options

As a new generation of poets from traditional publishing models, readers are 2 . New and engaging works are available on Instagram and Tumblr, ensuring that __________________________

social media helps bring the medium to the literary fore. The more creative poets distinguish themselves by embedding from from th e3 video, music and newsfeeds into their material. ___________________________

These changes return the medium to the everyday. People that may have never considered taking the time t o * a book of  poetry will now actively seek it out. Fans love to 5 new texts, offering comment and creating a community of dedicated readers. And social media publishing circumvents an industry which historically lacks dive diversity, rsity, failing to give many poets a voice.6 silence and compromise, they have chosen their own route to publication. However, there is one issue ___________________________

______________________

FUNCTION

T E L L IN IN G A N E C D O T E S

Complete the conversations with the words and   phrases in the box. funny I thin think k it was It was one of those things some strang strange e was like were like you know what I mean

I simply can't7 about. Traditional filters on quality qua lity are lost, allowing an abundance of mediocrit mediocrity. y. If you take ttime ime to 8 many internet poets in great detail, they offer a string of cliches, albeit offset with some artistic fla flair. ir. Perhaps the burgeoning genre could could do do with a 9 to ensure only the strongest poets thrive, but 10 that would seem counterproductive in a developing art form that celebrates access and engagement. ___________________________

__________________________

__________________________

1 A;  A;   Ah, mate! What a night! We hit downtown and

partied hard. B:

__________________________

, nobody told me.

I wasn't invited! 2 A;  A;  So, tell me, heard any gossip from the party? B: Well, someone, Sarah, maybe? ___________________________

GRAMMAR  U N D E R S T A N D I N G C O M P L E X

Sarah, poured her

SENTENCES

drink over this guy's head. 3 A:   What happened to you? B: There I was, minding my own business, and __________________________

4 A:

__________________________

bloke punched me! . Why would anyone

do that?

 N u m e r o u s

B; Well, I did ask his girlfriend for her phone number. 5 A: So, I'm halfway up the ladder, trying to look brave, B: Ha,ha, bet you were petrified. What happened

then? 6 A:   So, I

Rewrite the notes into one sentence using all you   know about building complex sentences. Don't use  relative pronou pronouns. ns. Sta Start rt with 'Accor 'According ding to ...'.

__________________________

, there's no way

s t a l e s U>oteed at wh at p o p l a r a n d c o m m e r c ia ll y

successful film s

Viave I n c o m m o n .

-me stu.di.es focused on hi.gh-i-w.pact releases, i t .  film s which ar are: e: • designed to b bee vi view ewed ed on the largest scr ee n availabl availablee • mark eted heavily In advan ce of rele release ase

you can wear that!

. are n't un du ly affect affected ed by poorpress poorpress revi review ewss

B: Yeah, yeah, and we

These studies showed that hlgh-ewpact releases-.

nah, you look great, put it on!

• tend to be focus focused ed on a lim ited ran ge of genre

7 A:   Did he do the karaoke in the end? B: Oh yeah.

(e.g. (e.g. heist movies movies,, chlct chlctee flick s)

___________________________

I won't

forget in a hurry.

• are wore lik ely to feature rec recog og wised wised A-Ust A-Usters ers . ten d to be be refere reference nced d visua lly or In dialogue by other film s

 

f 

R4

R E V IE W 4: UNITS UNITS 77-8 VOCABULARY PLUS

CONNOTATION

8 Complete the pairs of sentences with the corr correct ect  word or phrase. 1 articulate arti culate /garrulou /garr ulous s She's 's one of the m most ost a)  She

_____________

people I've

GRAMMAR

PREPOS ITIONAL PHRAS PHRASES ES

Complete the texts with the correct prepositions. A To be totally honest, I've been aware 1

______

quality for year years. s. the marked decline ‘ Libraries used to be somewhere that offered a bit

of sanctuary, no now they w wiill ins insis ist3 t3 making everything interactive and appealing to youth. I can understand th their re reason asons s4 want anting to get more people using the facility, but surely this overre rell llanc ance5 e5 te tech chno nolo logy gy is going ing a bit far. It It's not a 'd 'diigi gita tall hu hub', it's a lib librrary ary! I'I'm co cons nsci cious ous6 6 the the

ever met. She can put herself across very we well. ll. bit it b)  He's a nice enough person, but a b

___________

- he never really knows when to keep quiet. 2 capi capitulat tulated ed / buckled

a) The team played well for the first twenty minutes, but but finall y

_____________

under pressure.

fact that this'll make me sound old-fashioned, but what's wrong w with ith uphol upholding ding traditional val values? ues? I thin think k it's indi indica cattiv ive e7 a wi wide derr p po oli lic cy to g get et rid of physical spaces that the community can use use.. T The he li lik kehood 8 this pl pla ace bein being g open pen n ne ext year year is minimal.

Emerson son even tua tually lly b)  Emer

when Drye Dryerr had him in checkmate. It was a fascinating chess tournament.

3  famous/celebrated a) She's one of Bollywood's most

_____________

actors, with a slew of awards to her name.

b) You really ought to visit this most

Som me p pe eople are just te terr rrif ifie ied9 d9 B So

change, if  if  yo you u as ask me. I mean, iitt's to tota tall lly y normal1 normal10 ot othe herr services to move with the times, so why not libraries, too? Sadly a few of our older patrons are convinced 11 the the fac factt that hat w we e're gett gettin ing gm mo othbal hballled b by y the council. That's That's definit definitely ely not the case. I've been amazed 12 some o off the the vitrio trioll m my y st staf afff ha have had to face. face. I know when peopl people e are up u p se t13 something they tend to be quite frank, but there's

_____________

example of Moorish architecture in the region.

4  nit-picking/systematic ays s a)  They are alw ay

over tiny details. I'm not sure If we'll e ever ver finish th the e report.

b) Police organised a

_____________

search of the

surrounding area, but to no avail.

______

self-assured ed / proud 5  self-assur

______

a) My niece is a

____________

no needan foropen aggre aggression. ssion. We hadsome th thou ou gh 4 main holding day to discuss of t1 the issues, but I think that could do more harm than good. We ha have d de ecid ide ed 15 ins instal alli lin ng q qu uite ite so many computer terminals though, following feedback. It's Important that students don't develop too gre reat at a re reliance 16 the we web b for for their assignments.

teenager who always

seems to know best,

b)

owner of a beautifully She's the reconditioned Norton motorbike. _________

6 determined / resolute

a) A political giant, he was

in his fight

_________

for equality.

b)  I'm

_____________

to be heard. This campaign is

not going to end.

FUNCTION

7  smart/well-dressed a) Oh, you look

 J Are you goin going g somewhere nice for dinn dinner? er? _______

b)

There's a tall, young man waiting at the door. Can't be for you, can it? ____________

8 mean / nasty a) Some of the kids have been quite and not let anyone play with them.

b)

1 0

___________

clientele. ________

about what to eat.

10 gifted /sm art So,, you you think you're yo u're a)  So

_________

a)  your/what's/view? the.. b)  surprised / really / be / I'd / that's / case / if / the of, f, it seems possible. It's not c)  face / on / it / the / o well-attended.

She's got a temper. You want to watch you don't upset her.

They are so

  Put the underlined words in the correct order.

___________

picky ky /dis /discerning cerning 9 pic a) It's the kind of place that attracts an exceptionally

b)

a

GIVING GIVI NG O PINIONS

,do you?

Answer this then.

b) Katie's daughter Is incredibly

. She's

already been selected for the junio juniorr ch choi oir. r.

d)   respect / that / I'm / you / totally / in / with. e)  what's / on / this / your / take / so?

B Complete the conversations with the sentences from 1 A: B: 2 A; B: 3 A: B: 4 A: Yes, s, you you can't really argue against that, can you? B: Ye 5 A: Do you think they'll decide to close the school? B : ____________ ________________________ __________________________ ______________________ ________

 

R E V IEW IE W 4: UN UNITS ITS 7-8 CHECK Circle the correct option to complete the sentences. 1 There was an unexpe une xpected cted audience reel reeling. ing.

a) flashback

b) plotline

that had the

c) plot twist

16 The trouble with y you ou is that you've been spoilt for

a) choice

b) choose

c) choices

R4

2 I think I've seen this before. T h e well-known, is she?

, she's not

a) A-iister b) female protagonist c) supporting cast 3 I

a) fences

c) evils 18 Don't decide now, just sleep __ a) with b) on c) over

rather you didn't do that.

a) could b) should c) would 4 It ha s said he get's things done quickly, doesn't he? ______

a) be

b) to be

b) were

scattered on this

a grudge. Come on, give me a

b) with

him when we first me met. t.

c) to

b) fairly

c) widely

b) very

c) really

12 He's He' s

c) hopefully

13 We met people from from one of the th thre re e on the island.

a) authentic

b) opulent

_______

a) Legendary

b) Turbulent

15 I asked her on a date and sh e No, chance.'

a) were

b) be c) was

c) read up on

b) dipped into

my

c) scrutinised

going in the end as it was so

b) against

c) with making some kind of faux

c) in

b) about

fish stocks has worried 25 The declin decline e environmentalists,

b) on

c) in through the valley each

b) pack c) migrate

27 Farmers a are re concerned about the ill-hea ill-health lth of their tribes

a) prey

c) indigenous

14 They lived lived here during the revoluti revolution. on. those were.

b) flick through

23 They de cid ed expensive.

a) hunt

inadequ inadequate ate for the task in hand. hand.

b) hopelessly

over this? I don't want to make

26 Thousands Thousands of zeb zebra ra __ summer.

b) infinitely c) predominantly

a) helplessly

a) perused

a) of

female.

c) notorious

The guy at border control re real ally ly paperwork.

a) of

11 Her class this term is

a) bitterly

_______

24 I'm just petrified pas.

10 They w er e knowledgable about the topic but couid do with updating their research.

a) relatively

Could you any mistakes.

a) for

promising start to the

b) famous

a) cast an eye 22

9 They've made a match.

a) fair

a) celebrated 21

a) strain b) bear c) stable 7 We're ______ friendly terms these days, at leas least. t. a) on b) of c) in a) from

______

and violent violen t gangsters.

_______

8 I really didn't ta ke

it. it.

20 It says here he was was one of America America's 's m os ostt

c) be

6 I'm not one t o hug.

b) paths

19 Oh, your little boy is ever so __ .Three, isn't he? articulate chatty garrulous a) b) c)

c) been

5 He requested h his is as hes he s beach.

a) are

17 Well. I'm not sold on it, but it's the lesser of two

_______

times,

c) Soaring like like,, 'Really? 'Real ly?

b) livestock c) animals

28 A well well-kn -known own , he was awarded for his work protecting dolphins dolphins..

a) predator

b) animai iover

29 How do y o u

this issue issue??

a) see

b) view

c) conservationist

c) find

30 I think that the policy will go a lo ng solving the problem,

a) route

RESULT

b) path

to

c) way

/30

 

AUD IO SCRI SCRIPTS PTS UNIT 1

Recording 1

We live in a time of big challenges, but also of huge opportunities. As emergent technologies continue to improve, a new generation of designers, innovators and pioneers is addressing the pressing issues of the day through gam gamee-

cost-effective substance known known as perovskite. The material is made from two cheap and readily abundant salts which are mixed to make an ink that can be pressed into very thin film. Unlike conventional solar panels, the resulting conductors will be so light that they can

keen to help, but it's about trial and error really. Provided that you are willing to keep it up.

Extract 2 There are times when I feel you're derided for pointing out the importance of creative expression. expression. I know that the

changing technology. technology. Talib Alhinai is one such pioneer. Worki Working ng in the field of aerial robotics, he has designed a prototype for a flying robot which can be used to build structures. Given the right development, these autonomous flying robots could have a profound effect on both construction and space travel. The devices, very similar to drones, are capable of printing structures in 3D while in flight. The potential applications for the technology include disaster relief, where drones could work together to 3D print temporary shelters using local materials. Within more standard construction, the drones could be assigned tasks currently deemed too dangerous for human builders, thereby reducing the incidence of workplace accidents. And in the future, the technology may be used to construct habitats when colonising other planets. Conventional wisdom says that the risks of colonising somewhere like Mars Mars are

easily be transported into areas of the developing world which are currently energy deficient. Akin to Alhinai's drones, they can be rapidly deployed to provide aid in disaster zones. Furthermore, perovskite can be tinted to allow this source of renewable energy to have an aesthetic and functional appeal. Future skyscrapers could be coated in varying hues of perovskite, offering an attractive integration of solar cell technology into architectural projects. It is hoped that this application encourages considerable investment into a substance that could transform our environment for good.

UNIT 1

Recording 2

Another illustration of this, is the number of people between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five who applied for tax relief relief,, but who, as it happened, hadn't paid any tax.

UNIT 1

Recording 3

too great, but Alhinai's design provide a solution which wouldcould rewrite the rulebook. Sometimes, the need for innovation can be closer to home. For example, in our kitchens. Approximately one third of the food products produced for mass consumption worldwide, that's 1.3 billion tons, is disposed of without being consumed. One reason is that the expiry date printed on food labels discourages consumers from buying products, products, and this has a direct economic impact on producers, who end up throwing away 16 percent of their stock before it has actually gone bad. Solveiga Pakstaite developed Mimica Touch to address that issue. Mimica Touch is a multilayer food

Does it really matter whether businesses have a social agenda, as long as they are benefiting the economy? Many people may believe that, in an increasingly globalised world, we should be more philanthropic, that is, caring. However, there's no point in speaking of doing this, if nobody's quality of life improves, is there?

label, comprised of a layer l ayer of plastic, followed by a layer of gelatin, another layer of plastic with protuberances and a final, smooth layer of plastic. As As the food changes in chemical composition, the gelatin reacts. While the label remains smooth to the touch, the food product within is still good, and when bumps become detectable this indicates that the food product has gone bad. This could be a major breakthrough in food sustainability, and mean that the days of throwing out still-fresh produce could be over.

were quite a number of participants, but over time numbers have dwindled. Not that that's a bad thing - it certainly means that I've had more opportunity to grill the instructor, Robin, about different techniques. As a free-time activity it's not exactly cheap, but then I think when you take into account the materials that are required each week, and the cost of firing pots, it feels about right. One drawback is that a community centre ought to be hosting courses that are readily within the budget of people living in the area. Having said that, seniors and the unemployed are subsidised. One thing I'd certainly take from it is that you're not going to become accomplished overnight. I've probably thrown more bad pots than good - but how else are you going to learn? The instructors are

Another innovator with an eye on environmental sustainability is materials scientist Sam Stranks. Fie and a team based at MIT have been developing lightweight, efficient and malleable solar conductors from a man-made,

UNIT 2

Extract 1 So, I've been doing this pottery course at a local community centre for the past few months. It's just a small group of us at the moment - when we started, there

emphasis for everyone is numeracy and literacy - this current obsession with assessment has done that. But it's quite naïve to think that learning to play the guitar, guit ar, or paint o r ... or draw draw,, doesn't have any inherent value as part of a mainstream curriculum. It wasn't that long ago that nearly everyone would have some access to the arts at school. I wouldn't want to cast aspersions on head teachers, because they're just trying to get on with limited resources. But the government is totally misguided in cutting back on itinerant teachers who offer art or music lessons. lessons. You've got to think about education holistically - not everyone's going to be an academic success, but they may well show creative talents. I'm frustrated that kids have such limited access to my lessons. I get a big buzz when I first get the chance to play with teenagers who may never have picked up an instrument. So often they are tentative to begin with, but then really take to it it.. A All ll the attitude attit ude drops away, and they just start having fun. Surely that's a valuable learning experience?

UNIT 2

Recording 2

I =I =Interviewer nterviewer

A =Andrea

I: So, Andrea, you're a graduate, and up until recently had been undergoing teacher training. I understand that after some deliberation you've chosen not to pursue that career. Can you give us a bit of an insight into some of the challenges you see in the profession? I mean, what informed your decision? A: Well, if you too took k at the statistics, it's fairly obvious that the current workload is problematic for teachers here in the UK. I: Could you elaborat elaborate e on tha that? t? Many Many listeners will assume that teachers have a pretty good deal, in terms of paid holidays, working conditions ...

A: Well, it's interesting that you mention working conditions. I think it's important that we see teaching as a bit more than classroomfocused time. I think there's too great an emphasis on that, and little on seeing the profession as a place where ongoing intellectual development devel opment is encouraged encouraged.. That That's 's not mirrored elsewhere. I: How so? if you look at the OECD statistics, A: Well, you'll soon see that teachers in England spend far more time teaching than their peers globally. I think it's

 

817 817 hours compared to an aver average age of 704 hours. I: And what kind of difference difference does that make to teaching? A: Well, a lot has to do with opportunities to develop new ideas or resources, resources, or even deepening deepenin g

forms, students are being offered the opportunity opportunit y to prepare task-f task-focu ocused sed work which highlights their learning.

A: Could you elaborate on that? B: Well, the idea is that they work together to make or develop something which can show teachers what they've picked up during the

learnt from the staff here, who are all so supportive. They've got a positive mindset, which I think filters down from the management's ethos. That That approach has given me the kind of boost I needed. I've got a renewed sense of optimism in what I do. 2 Travel time was probably one of the

knowledge of subject matter. In Japan, secondary teachers spend 32 percent of their time ti me at work in the classroom. classroom. That's 610 hours a year. year. For the rest of that time they the y have opportunities for professional development... I: And you think that's that' s lacking here in

A:

I: A:

I:

A:

the UK? I think that the profession is certainly less intellectually attractive to graduates. People want to take on a role that will develop over time. You You can't have a specialisation if you aren't given the opportunity to explore your field, and learn, too. But don't teachers already get professional development time? I think that what tends t ends to happen is that any time out of the classroom is quickly taken up with administrative tasks. And what would you prefer to see? Well, good teaching, and as an extension good education, is all about

collaboration and communication. If teachers could spend more time working with colleagues, observing other teachers' classrooms, preparing materials collectively, and even working with parents, parents, that tha t would make a tremendous difference to the role. I: Does Does that happen elsewhere?

A: Well, it's certainly something that seems to go on in the highest performing education systems  Japan,  Japa n, South South Kore Korea, a, Finl Finlan and. d. Te Teac ache hers rs have more time to engage with one another and to build better working practices. I: Are there any other areas areas that you you feel need to be addressed? To make the profession more attractive for graduates? A: Alongside making it intellectually attractive, it has to be financially rewarding, reward ing, too. Sadly, teaching teachi ng salaries have been declining in real terms for some time.

UNIT 2

Recording 3

A: So, our task today is to discuss creative approaches to educational improvement. Who'd like to kick this one off? Sally?

B: Yeah, sure. Well, I've been looking at some of the ways attainment is being addressed at primary levels. Rather than traditional testing

academic year. 2

A: Tony, you mentioned schools specialising in one particular medium. Co Could uld you explore that further?

B: Sure, there are situations where schools have developed partnerships with professionals in the creative industries industri es to push a broader skills ba base. se. For instance, collaborating coll aborating with a local radio station or gallery.

A: I can imagine that working. Students could get a lot out of that.

B: Yea Yeah, h, and it ties into a lot of o f subject areas - the arts, communication, communication, ITC ...

IIK IIfr 'B

R e c oorr d iinn g 4

1 A: Did you want to add anything, Kate? B: Yes, Yes, actually, I was wondering wonder ing if you'd read the report on forest schools. 2

A: The main reason that the attainment gap is growing is lack of training. B: Ca Can n I make a comment commen t about that t hat??

3 A: Substantially less is spent on teacher training than in the past.

B: I think we might be digressing ... 4 A: Ca Can n I just wrap up what I was saying? sayi ng? B: OK, but can you make it a quick point? 5 A: Well, I'm not convinced myself, I think ...

B: Can say? we just hear what Paul wanted to

6 A: Look, there's a video about it online. I'll show you ... B: We're pressed for time, so let's move on.

U K IH c »

R e c oorr d i n g 1

1 I've always been interested inter ested in doing something in the field, but it's increasingly challenging to find real, meaningful work experience when 'internship' 'interns hip' is often just a euphemism for office dogsbody. I'm not averse to hard work, but it certainly has to be something that is going to benefit me in the long run. This post has that. There's a tremendous amount to be

most important criteria for me. It's easy to say that you're flexible, but when you're commuting several hours a day for an unpaid internship, it's not cost-effective. I need as much as I can just to keep afloat, living here. Whe n I saw this post, I was ecstatic. When Within walking distance of the college, so I can keep up with my studies and make tutorials when I need to. So far, the balance between academia and work has been manageable. There are a couple of other interns with similar research goals, too. It's been good to make a connection with them. I suppose it's allowed me to branch out a bit. 3 This has been a real eye-opener for me. The pace is relentless, and the expectation to succeed is constantly high. It can be stressful, especially as so much of what you do is results driven, but it's given me such a buzz and I know it's where wher e I want to be career-wise. You need to understand the markets from a global perspective, and that's where they are particularly strong here, especially as they operate in so many different places. I've learnt a lot about working across time zones and some of the nuances of different working cultures. That's bound to help, going forward. If they offered me a permanent post here tomorrow, I doubt I'd take it. But I do know that it's given me a taste for this kind of work. 4 I was initially looking for something something that tied in with my degree, but that was proving pretty difficult. Fortunately, a friend of mine saw this post advertised and said I should consid er it. I'm glad I did. They are consider doing some incredibly innovative things in terms of research and development. It's beyond anything I've read about elsewhere. It's rewarding to be in a place where people aren't risk averse, and want to be at the forefront of change. The next project is focusing on the use of microprocessors in wearable technology. That is something I've considered while studying, so it'll be interesting to test some assumptions. 5 I'd been studying studyi ng abroad o on n an exchange when this thi s cropped up. One of the tutors had been instrumental in getting the project up and running. running. I think it's in its fourth year now. It's hard to get a post on something like this, so I've been lucky. lucky. There are obvious challenges, with cultural

 

AU DIO SCRIPTS SCRIPTS barriers and colleagues occasionally having unrealistic expectations of my abilities. But all in all, working with with wildlife is something you don't get to do very often. Here on the reserve things thing s can be tough, but you work through it. I think that it makes you value the importance of being part of

to emulate, and be rewarded for this, is strong. Continued positive modelling, which is copied and rewarded, leads to a sense of reinforcement. And that is when a powerful role model can have a profound profoun d effect ef fect on longlong-term term attitudes and aspirations. Culturally, we are faced with a broader

UNITA

Recording 2

1 Not only is the car economical, economical, it's stylish, too. 2  Who wouldn’t want a deal like that?

3  Under pressure stay cool, calm and collected. 4 To be successful, you need to work

something bigger.

UNIT 3

Recording 2

A: So, Minister, according to the front page of today's papers, you claimed, 'Students get more than their fair share of government gove rnment funds.' Would Would you care to elaborate on that? B: Well, before we begin, I'd like to say that quote was taken out of context. context. I'm a firm supporter of extending free tuition where possible. A: So, can you explain your party's plans to cut bursaries for students from lowincome backgrounds?

B: Well, what we have to take into account is that there are many reasons for reassessing the education budget. Especially with regards to tertiary education. education.

A: Do you feel that perhaps they are unworthy of your investment?

B: Before I answer that, let me just add to what I was saying. The state of the public finances left by the last government has meant we have to look across the board at spending decisions. decisions. A: So, you've not got enough money? B: Listen, all I'm saying is that there's a problem with continuing some of o f the policies that we inherited. However, However, we're committed to providing affordable solutions. A: By reducing education spending and allowing tuition fees to go uncapped?

B: OK, let me put it into perspective. There are many other countries where this is happening. We need a more competitive model.

UNIT A

Recording 1

As part of a social species, we are strongly influenced infl uenced by the example of others - from following fashions to sharing likes, likes, subscribing to similar mindsets is a fundamental part of our everyday lives. Our interests and even our goals are frequently adopted from those around us without conscious conscious thought. In their most nascent form, role models are our parents and close family. But as we grow and are exposed to the wider world, the opportunity for influence from beyond this unit becomes more prevalent. As social learning theory the ory would have it, good good role models are essential to ensuring that children and young adults encode positive traits and behaviours. The The desire

range of prospective role models than ever before - especially especiall y as we reside in an age where online media thrives on the fascination for constant updates of celebrity achieve ac hievement ment or excess. excess. Some of these role models are positive - achieving success in the face of adversity, or shaping their industries with consummate ease. Others less so. And the dividi di viding ng lines are often not n ot so clearcut. Historically, a statesman or woman was a trusted role model; someone who could be looked upon to assess, evaluate and respond to all manner of crises in a level-headed fashion. Nowadays, that image is somewhat out of kilter. Athletes offered inspiration for those who showed a desire for sporting success. Then doping scandals toppled some of our idols and tarnished both reputations and medals. But does any of that matter? Could ostensibly negative role models, who often exhibit self-destructive or damaging behaviours, actually offer some semblance of influence that results in positive outcomes? Interestingly enough, research into motivation suggests that it can, and doe does. s. Evidently, we use positive and negative role models in differing ways, ways, depending depe nding on what we are hoping to achieve achie ve or avoid. When we want to achieve a goal, goal, say passing an exam, we tend to select role models who have a positive attitude towards learning and attainment. at tainment. And we seek to emulate their actions. If this aspiration is reframed as a fear of failure, then we tend to identify negative role models those who haven't put in the effort - and motivate ourselves by attempting to avoid reproducing their bad behaviour. We become driven to distance ourselves from their inability to achieve. However, there is compelling evidence However, that role models who are immediately accessible, rather than distant idols placed on a pedestal, are far better for our mental well-being. According to cutting-edge neurobiological studies, a good deal of what we do is dependent depende nt upon mirror neu neurons. rons. When we see someone undergo an action, an involuntary and automatic neural mechanism within the brain allows us to copy this and show empathy or understanding. These mirror neuron neurons s provide a biological basis for imitation - and this suggests that having role models who are within your y our close environment may be more efficacious than those held in high regard, but at a distance.

hard and play harder. 5  'We love being part of the team. team.  Join us us.' 6 It's a dog eat dog world here.

UNITA

Recording 3

1 Despite the obvious pressures, he's a great presenter; he's self-confident, successful and succinct. 2 I found him generous genero us and genuine genui ne although a little juvenile in character. 3  She's incredibly patient and pertinent without being overly persuasive. That's a good thing. 4 I liked what they the y had to sa say; y; the they y were confident, compelling and concise. 5  The information we received was both both critical and credible. 6 I'm not overly overl y fond of your boss; he's proud, pushy and pompous. pompous. Wha t a lovely old bloke - articulate, 7  What urbane and earnest.

UNIT 5

Recording 1

P =Presenter =Pres enter C =Charlotte de Witte L= Luke Slater

_________________________

P: The microbiome, microbiome, just another anoth er health fad? A bit of scientific scientif ic jargon to feed the need for knowledge in our body-conscious Zeitgeist? Here to discuss this are two researchers from the university biology department, Charlotte de Witte Wit te and Luke Slater. So, So, Charlotte, is the microbiome such a big deal? C: Well, yes, it's certainly a term which is growing in currency, but I think that 'fad' is a bit of a pejorative. Your microbiome refers tothat the genetic map technically of all the microbes inhabit a human body, in popular discourse, that technical meaning has been conflated with a broader definition to refer to the collection of microbes in general. It is a fascinating area of study, and one which could provide a rich seam of solutions to common ailments. Luke?

L: I'd thoroughly concur with that. We're looking at an area of science still very much in its infancy, so castigating it for making headline news is a bit unfair. It wasn't until 2007 that the initial Human Microbiome Project began, by taking samples from roughly 300 volunteers. That came to an end in 2013, so it was short lived as studies go, but the data gathered was truly remarkable in those intervening

 

years. That all contributed to the widely accepted idea that many varieties of bacteria in our lower intestine have a considerable impact on our general health.

C: And the technology for sequencing bacteria is fine-tuning research all the time. Recent studies have provided

UNIT 5

Recording 2

A: So, I hear that you've been following a Paleo diet recently. What's that all about then? Isn't it loading upon protein, and getting all prehistoric? What's the appeal of eating like a caveman?

I: Are there any a areas reas you particularly have to be watchful of? A: Sure, lots of foreign-language movies these days are contemporary stories - we've moved on on from your typical historical costume dramas. I: And And how does that change things?

concrete evidence that microbial groupings carry out specific jobs within the body. Some groups found in the mouth help break down sugars and nitrates, while others synthesise vitamin B. There are others which breaktypically down short-chain from high-fibre fatty foodsacids like fruit and vegetables. P: So what sort of research is likely to get the most support? L: Something Somethi ng that tha t the scientific community is getting fired up about is studies into the interaction patterns between microbial groups. There seems to be a certain amount of symbiosis which, if we understand unders tand better, can be used to help address issues such as obesity, diabetes, even depression. I think educating the public about maintaining a healthy microbiome is key to this, though. Charlotte? C: I agree. For For some people there's this assumption that the microbiome you have is stable, and you can do little to change it. That isn't the case at all. Lots of factors lead to their biodiversity - what you eat, drink, the air ai r you breathe, br eathe, even exercise. In dietary terms, prebiotics are essential. Fermented foods, like sauerkraut and kimchi, contain these in high numbers. They'll help regulate a lot of the biological processes in digestion to ensure you get the most nutrition from your intake, and burn off excess calories. P: Right, so the microbiome is a way to approach dieting? L: It's not just about weight to toss ss though, though, as important as that is is.. Gut bacteria is a fundamental building-block in immune system regulation. Changing Changing the balance of your microbiome microbiome can address autoimmune and allergic diseases like asthma ast hma or eczema. We're We're exploring a whole whole range of different areas where the health of our gut can make profound differences to general health. People Pe ople can make conscious decisions to affect this.

C: Absolutely. A study being conducted here is still in an inchoate stage, but early indications are that a co abundance of bacteria and fungi are greater in volunteers with low-fa low-fatt diets. As yet we haven't drawn any conclusions, but there's a strong enough correlation to suggest a number of health conditions could be addressed just by limiting fat intake.

B: It's not just about eati eating ng meat, there's a bit more to it than that. It's more to do with excluding or avoiding anything that is processed processed - and there's no dairy, added salt or sugar. You only eat things Paleolithic people would have had, about 10,000 years ago ... A: Sounds like it's ver very y limiting. Why would you want to put yourself through something like that?

B: Well, apart apar t from the weight loss loss,,

A:

B:

A:

B:

A: B:

A:

it does have proven benefits for increasing energy levels. It's a pretty healthy option, overall. overall. Reall Really? y? I would have thought thou ght that tha t you'd be missing out on all the vitamins and minerals from dairy stuff. Well, you get plenty of those from fresh fruit and nuts. And seafood. That's a big part of the diet. I really do think Paleo is the way forward. Well, if you ask me, it sounds like a fad. I’m sure that modern food production can't be all that bad. And aren't there really valuable nutrients in wheat products? You can't be eating any of those. I don't know if you've tried it, but you can get lots of nutrients from raw seaweed. It's a bit tricky to track tr ack down, down, but I've got a tub of stuff from the local beach. No thanks, I think I'll stick to my usual 21st-century snacks. snacks. Don't be so dismissive. The advantage of something like this is you'll lose weight quickly, and feel more energised. And end up with skin like a cavewoman. Great! What I've found really works for me is a nice pasta salad!

UNIT 6

Recording 1

I = Interviewer

A =Anja =Anja

A: Well, there s a lot more slang used and that never really translates directly. You You need to use a lot of creativi creativity ty with subtitles, otherwise the audience will just end up confused. I suppose the ultimate goal is to convey the same idea, so you try to find an approximation approxim ation of that. I: I guess that swearing can be be a problem, too. A: Yeah. Profane language is pretty much universal, but there are definite differences between cultures. Something that might shock an audience audien ce in the UK or US could be fairly commonplace in other parts of the world. Or vice versa. vers a. You You have to be aware of the probable impact of the words, but, overall, you have to think really carefully about what the screenwriter and director want to express in a scene. I: And, And, are there ther e any technical techni cal challenges? there's a lot more going on than A: Yes, most members of your audience will have considered. I: Such as? A: Well, a standard subtitle contains a maximum of thirty-five characters per line, including spaces and punctuation. And you are allowed a maximum of two lines on screen at one time. The average viewer reads reads that in about six seconds, but your subtitle can't run over a change of scene. I: That sounds tricky! A: It certainly certainl y is. Especially when you need to synchronise as much as possible with the audio track. And not block anything ithe mportant oneach scree screen. n. There's There's also important fact that t hat subtitle has to have line breaks that make it easy for viewers to read at speed. Sometimes you find yourself spending hours over even the smallest exchange. exchange.

________________

I: So, Anja, you've you' ve been working in your industry for the best part of a decade now. What would you say some of the main challenges are? A: Well, it can be incredibly demanding, as there's so much at stake. Both professionally and financially. If I do my job well, then t hen there’s the obvious opportunity that what we've made will gain critical acclaim, possibly awards. Get it wrong, and the most profound drama becomes a laugh-out-loud comedy.

I: Is there anything anythi ng that you you find more more difficult than anything else?

A: Gestu Gestures. res. I think that they are tough for all translators, no matter mat ter which area of the industry you are involved in. There's an intercultural aspect to it. Across countries and cultures, there are subtle distinctions in meaning so a translator really needs to be on top of that. But the biggest challenge is when you are subtitling something, and a gesture is essential to explaining the plo plot. t.

 

I: So, would you you recommend your job to someone interested in languages? A: Oh, absolutely. It's not an easy job, as I mentioned, but a well-translated film can have such an emotional impact on audiences that it's a privilege to be able to do it. And in terms of remuneration, it's pretty good, so

P: So, can you explain what some of the A: There's a huge problem with online bullying in high schools.

B: I still wonder if it's really that common. I've never heard of it happening. 3

A: Asian people tend to be the most

E:

processes are? Sure. In many ways test screenings haven't particularly changed over the last few decades; it's just how the audiences are assessed that's different. So it's important to get a fair representation of target

that's a bonus factor, too.

UNIT 6

Recording 2

1 You You'd 'd think i'd be accustomed to it by now, I mean, I've been living here since the late 90s. It's not like Italy is a million miles away, and we do have a lot of things in common. But I just can't get used to piling all my food on to one plate. Friends always think it's so funny when i ask for a side dish so I can separate my meat and vegetables. It's just what I'm used to, though. And don't get me started on pasta. People here don't really seem to get it that penne and pesto don't go together... 2 Whe When n it firs firstt happened I found it a completely alien experience. I mean, people back home tend to pay you little attention, but here was an entire floor of staff all calling out 'irrashaimase'. 'irrashaima se'. One after another, like a wave. But the weird thing was most of them didn't even look up from stocking shelves, or whatever else they were doing. I didn't didn' t know at the time, but it's a given that when a new customer comes in they should be welcomed to the store. It certainly makes make s for an interesting experience when you are in one of those huge supermarkets downtown downtown.. 3 I come from London, Londo n, so I am used to people being a bit stand-offish. Generally, when you go out you're unlikely to get into a conversation with anyone. It's all a bit heads-down. I suppose that's just the nature of city life. Out here everything is a bit more laid-back. People tend to know one another, and if they don't, they'll most likely have a mutual friend in common. The norm is to help each other out if you possibly can. I still remember being taken aback when I asked a shopkeeper shop keeper for directions. Fi Fie e walked out of his place with me, down the road and to the station, so I'd get there safely. I don't even think he bothered to lock up!

UNIT 6

Recording 3

1

A: I read an online article that says B:

British tourists aren't welcome in the city anymore. anymore. I always wonder about these things, you know, what's the evidence?

B:

4

A: Women are generally much better at listening to others than men. men.

B: Do you really think it's always the case? It's a pretty sweeping statement.

T: Exactly. For film-makers and studios

5

A: They'll be really offended if you don't

Recording 1

1 As a c child hild I sp spent ent veritable ho hours urs with my head in a book, book, pouring over fact facts s and figures and scouring the indexes for curious customs from far-flung places. I was quite obsessed with anything arcane and a bit unsettling ... I suppose suppose a lot of lit little tle boy boys s are are.. But as I grew old older, er, work an and d famil family y

that kind of biometric data is a gamechanger. There's no more over-reliance on subjectivity, or even the vagaries of fashion. Physical responses to certain scenes or potential endings can help determine the structure of a film much more accurately. You can work out where wh ere fight-or-fligh fight-or-flightt responses responses are stimulated, at which points viewers are literally transfixed, and how effective effect ive those thos e shock-indu shock-inducing cing  jump cuts cuts actu actually ally ar are. e.

eat what they th ey offer you. you.

B: Somehow I doubt it's generally true. People tend to be aware that not everyone has the same taste.

U K Iifr ^ P =Presenter

R ec o rd in g 1 T =Ton =Tony y

E =Emma_____ =Emma______ _

P: Despite changing consumption patterns, as viewers switch from the big screen to streaming, the global film industry is still in pretty good financial health. So, opinions on bankable cinematic content are gold dust. FHere to discuss how tastes are shaped are Tony Law and Emma Burton, both independent film journalists. So, Tony, isn't it the director who calls the shots?

E: That's right. And there's also a wealth

T: Well, that's certainly the conventional view, but I'd say it's somewhat misguided to presume that there's only one person at the helm deciding on the narrative arc. Studios, stars stars,, and perhaps more importantly of late, test audiences play a fundamental role in deciding what hits our screens. Wouldn't you agree, Emma? Film-makers are E: Absolutely. notoriously divided on the value of

T:

test screenings, but the studios are giving them a lot more credence. And interestingly the process has become much more scientific of late. Gone are the days when errant data from biased questionnaires would confound matters. It's all about neurocinematics, and biometric data. data. Yeah, I think that incorporating more scientific approaches has gone some way to assuage fears that key scenes changed due to test screening responses might flop when playing to paying audiences. audiences. With more precise ways to gauge interest levels and emotional investment, you're going to have more faith in your final product.

 

UNIT 8

demographics, and demographics, and,, assuming export value is important to you, ethnicity. In the past, you would have had a list of questions, and a focus group to discuss themes. Now, you're more likely to be given a wearable device to pick up pulse, skin temperature, electrodermal activity, motion. All of that data can be analysed to assess the efficacy of what's what's going on on,, on screen.

reluctant to speak at meetings, don't they? I've heard that, but it sounds like a stereotype. I know a lot of very talkative Japanese people.

was taken aback. I thought about what would change if I bec became ame a mum. I'd lose that sense of camaraderie from work and there'd be fewe fewerr nights out with the girls. Despite my concerns, it's been so worthwhile. You get to know a whole new group of people, and there's a support network with new mums that is really life-affirming.

P:

of data coming from MRI scans. They take images of the cerebral cortex and can show whether your audience is showing synchronous activity during viewing. The more synchronous the audience brains are, the more they are all focusing on the same content. You've got their attention. And a rapt audience is more engaged, and likely to view the film positively. Really,, so is technology shaping our Really cultural content?

T: That is one area that worries me, to be honest. I'm alt for getting an accurate view of cinematic success, but what I wouldn't want to see is more homogenised content that lacks subtlety subtl ety or focuses solely on hig highhimpact physical responses. Cinema is art, and art should be more nuanced, don't you think? I'd say that...

UNIT 7

A: B: A: B:

Recording 2

Read this review? Yes, this morning. Ever seen his films? Yes, a couple. Brilliantly shot, very atmospheric. Always subtitled?

A: B: Not always. Some are in English. A: Going to see this one? B: Might do. do. Pl Plot ot sounds a bit predictable.

took over and studying fell by the wayside. But retirement meant I finally had the time to immerse myself in books again. It was an old acquaintance who suggested an online course in Cultural Studies. Initially it was daunting, but the syllabus was very accessible and the tutors incredibly supportive. This year I'm actually considering taking a degree course. There's no reason why not, despite my age. 2 Shortl Shortly y after graduating, I started working for an IT start-up. The learning curve was massive, and everything everythi ng seemed to be done at such a fast pace. We were developing algorithms that analysed the markets, and predicted predicted emergi emerging ng trends. Y You ou couldn'tt be risk averse ... I found couldn' that it got very repetitive though, and I needed a bit bit more stimulati stimulation. on. So I attended pretty much every training traini ng course the company ran. Finance Financ e had always seemed like a foreign language, but within a few months I was pretty conversant with it. I suppose the key is decoding the  ja  jarg rgo on. Anyw nyway, I loo looked at othe otherr avenues and there were a lot of lucrative contracts on the go. In terms of remuneration, it certainty outstrips IT work. 3 When I broached broached the subject o off transferring here on a long-term basis, the college intimated intimated that I'd n need eed to improve my language proficiency - that was one condition that was necessary to meet for permanent residency to be granted. To help cut costs I stayed with a host family for a while. environment, It was good toand be in a supportive benefit from the opportunity to interact with native speakers daily. I got the grades I needed so was able to go ahead with the visa application. Since then I've had the confidence to take on a lot more challenges. They haven't all worked out, but you just have to take that in your stride stri de and look o on n the bright side of things things.. 4 After several years of being to together, gether, we got to that tha t point where we needed to know what was next: if it was going to be a lifelong li felong thing, or wo would uld just peter out. We talked about get getting ting married, but a weddin wedding g would've blown our meagre savings pretty quickly. When he m menti entioned oned family, I

I feel more grounded, like I belong here now. 5 I'd consider consider myself the kind of person who thrives on setting themselves targets, and I felt that the the trip abroad would be a useful way of incorporating and developing some some field research into what I've been doing. Given that the language barrier was a potential hazard, I enrolled on an intensive course and it turns out that I'm quite adept. I'd always favoured the scientific route, but evidently languages are my forte. Six months later on the Mandarin course and I'm going from strength to strength.

UNIT 8

Recording 2

A: Flave you heard about these plans to stop prescribing antibiotics for common illnesses? B: Yeah, Yeah, there was somethi something ng on the radio about it last week. Sounded quite interesting. The GP who was was on said that limiting prescriptions could have a really positive effect on tackling drug-resistant superbugs. A: Flm Flmm. m. Well, I'm no expert but I think it's important that any risks are properly assessed before before they mak make ea big decisi decision on like that. B: Really? Really? What kind of risks could there possibly be? GPs aren't exactly renowned renow ned for doing anything tha thatt will endanger patients. A: What about kid kids s and elderly peop people le though? They have a tough enough time as it is without succumbing to every bug that's doing the rounds. B: Maybe it's just just me me,, but it feels llike ike dangers are always exaggerated. They're only talking about stopping dishing out pills for minor coughs and colds. A: Well, I don't think think people are ready for it yet. I'm guessing that a young parent with sick kids is going to feel very differently! What if they were denied treatment? B: Listen, I don't really thin think k it's an issu issue. e. We've got to move with the times. Think of the inordinate expense to the health services, and what'il happen when first-tine antibiotics stop being effective. A: Well, there are some things that I agree with, but I just think that this is probably a step too far.

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y UNIT 1

1. 1.11 1 1 2 3 4 5

set in motion major breakthrough pioneer Conventional wisdom game-changing

She's considered t o b e one of the leading professionals in her field. I can't help w o n d e r i n g  just how how sh she e manages to do so much. After their first failure, they needed t o   c o m e up with an alternative approach. Eventually, they decided t o l aauu n c h a more compact drone. It's always been my goal t o d o   something like this. You can't blame

2c 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

allegiance abstruse rapacious respectability precedence laudabl laudable e goals inception plethora

6 profound impact 7 pilot studies 8 paradigm shift

me for t r y i n g something different at this point in life. Investors had c o m m i tt t t ed e d t o spending several million on the pilot project. Sadly, it has a long way t o g o before it's commercially viable.

2  a

Talib Alhinai

1 A prototype prototy pe for a fly flying ing robot which can be used to build structures. 2 Very similar similar to d drones rones,, they are capable of printing structures in 3D while in flight. Solveiga Pakstaite 1 Mimica Touch is a mult multil ilaye ayerr food label, comprised of a layer of plastic, a layer of gelatin, another layer of plastic with protuberances and a final, smooth layer of plastic. 2 As the food changes in chemical composition, the gelatin reacts. S aam m Stranks 1 A lightweight, efficient and malleable solar conductor co nductor from a manman-mad made, e, cost-effective substance known as perovskite. 2 The conductors will be so light tha thatt they can easily be transported into areas of the developing world which are currently energy deficient and can rapidly be deployed to provide aid in disaster zones. 2 b

1 2 3 4 5 6

temporary shelters colonising other plan planets ets direc directt economic impact food sustainabil sustainability ity readily abundant aesthetic (and) functional appeal

to make coming trying to identify to create to gather funding to continue teaching to anal analys yse e doing to make doing

1 2 3 4 5 6

l i 2b 3 f 8d 9e

2f

3b

4a

5c

6e

3 1  Have you ever considered a p p l y i n g   for a position in their research unit? If you're ready t o d e d i c a t e the time to it, it's a worthwhile rote. 2 Did you manage to find that arti article cle on renewable energy studies? I m e a n t t o   print it i t off for you last week week.. 3 I regret regret t o t e l l you that unfortunately your application has failed this time. You could consider r e a p p l y i n g next year. 4 Despite a setba setback ck h he e went on t o s t u d y   at the University of Gothenburg, where his research l e d to a major breakthrough in geophysics.

5g

6c

7h

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9

con conseq sequenc uence eo of  f  pass ssio ion n for for talent for course o of  f  motivation for hope of   aim of   hesitation in risk of  impl implic icat atio ions ns of  su suc ccess cess in necessity for

Sc

philanthropic vulnerable compassionate destitute hard up lavish unstinting 8 altruistic 9 on welfare 2 k

b) 2 b

lc

4a

SB

2c Id

have never donated online fir first st time she she's 's been we'll hav have e renovated have been relying o on n you will be meeting had sp spoken oken to ever every y donor by

5a

5 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 have you been having; Have you raised 2 had been travelli travelling; ng; a are re hoping hoping 3 have been standi standing; ng; '11be doing 4 had have donated; had thou thought 5 will increased increased; ; areght planning 6 has raised; were desig designing ning

4 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

3

2b

3c

4b

5a

6a

1 2 3 4 5 6

respect got ignore grant reflected expressed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

profi profitt driven sharing economy access economy online transactions collaborative consumption business model outer fringes on-demand access umbrella terms

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

my impression was simply that tha thatt seems to be the consens consensus us one might speculate that on the whole another illustration of this generally sp speaking eaking though to cite one example

 

ANSW ER K EY EY 3

a Another illustration of this is / the number of people between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five who who applied for tax relief / but who / as it happened / hadn't paid any tax.

3c Does it really matter whether businesses

i

i 1 2 3 4 5 6

fulfilling taking rigorous, striving focus quality good, mutual

1 a) b) 2 a) b) 3 a) b)

fertile vivid rote heart intuition intellect

have a social agenda / as long as they are benefiting benefitin g the economy? // Many Many people may believe that / in an increasingly globalised global ised world / we should be more philanthropic / that is / caring. // However/there's no point quality in speaking of doing this / if nobody's of life improves/is there? there?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

IB 8 D

5 D

3 1 2 3 4 5  6 

2 3 4

5 3b

3 C 4A 10 B

6B

7C

 

Whoever what Whatever whichever why why how how

1 Who'd like to kick this one o f f ? / Could you e l a b o r a t e on that? 2 Could you e x p l o r e that further? / 1can imagine that w o r k i n g .

 

about last week? This is how 1imagine 1imagined d life l ife at university would be be.. According to her, whatever 1do is wrong. Anything that goes wrong, you get the blame. He told me what little lit tle he knew knew..

6 1don't know which class to choose. choose.

Sa 2c

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3b 3b

4d

5e

6a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

it seems as as if  Rarely, if ever If so as long as/provide as/pr ovided d th that at Otherwise But for whethe whetherr or not if any If in doubt unless Provided th that at/A /As s long as Without

2d

3b

4h

5c

6e

817 704 professional development intellectually attractive admin colleagues & parents in decl decline ine

5b

will accept her provided that seems as if there ther e a are re know whethe whe therr or not your tutor if in doubt if any difference in/between in/between pass as long as If so, somebody someb ody should rarely, if ever came

lg

3a Did you want to add anything, Kate? Can 1make 1make a comment about a bout that? th at? think we might be digressing ... 1 Can 1 just wrap wrap up what 1was saying? Can we just hear what Paul wanted to say? 6 We're pressed for time, so let's move on. 1 2 3 4 5

1 REVIEW 1

4b

2 d

If

4 a) tried and tested b) think outside the box 5 a) rigid b versatile

2a

1 Can you recall recal l what it was we talked

2c 2a

2A 9A

4

derided make an educated educat ed guess guess steer clear of  crucial element engaged highly beneficial praised something of a perfectionist

lc

2

7a

11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

managed to complete appears to be (really) appreciate you helping offered to get enabled us to continue are not allowed to park risks missing the plane are required to be blamed for wanting to bring the issue

• used paragraphs for each topic? topi c? Yes • included the relevant information based on the notes? Not always • used discourse m markers arkers or cohesive devices to link ideas? Yes: Contrastivety, Meanwhile, However,

2

while, or even •  used their the ir own words in a concise way? Not always • used any statistics statisti cs to support information? No • a) summarised in an objectiv obje ctive e way or b) given an opinion? b

b) outer fringe 4 a) game-changer b) pioneer 5 a) business model b) online transaction 6 a) hard up b) destitute 7 a)  access economy b)  on-demand access 8 a)   vulnerable b)   unstinting 9 a)  pilot studies b)  paradigm shift 10 a)   lavish b)   philanthropic

8f 

i

a) b) 2 a) b) 3 a)

set in motion had a profound impact on altruistic compassionate umbrella term

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y 1 0 b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

have have b bee een nw won onder dering ing have been have set up have had am speaki speaking ng has been arranging arranging ¡staking are amazed / have been am amazed azed

If

2e

3b

4a

5c

6d

5b a)  I was particularly excite excited d to discover b) I have been involved in projects

CHECK lb 2c 3 3b b 4a 5a 6 6a a 7b 8 c 9 b 10 a l i b 12 c 13 c 14 b 15 c 16 a 17 c 18 a 19c 20 c 2 1a 22 b 23 a24 b b25 25 c 26 b 27 c 28 c 29 b 30 c

similar to

c)  a real asset to d )   explore my suitabilit suitability y for the position position

e)  Please contact me f )   consideration

\

9 10 11 12

had though thoughtt look looks/i s/is s lookin looking g were discussing has taken / is taking

1 1 need to come clean about / have to

4 1 for 2 of 3 of 4 for 6 of 7 in 8 of 9 for

1 2 3 4 5 6

5 in 10 of 

tha thatt seems to be the consensus to cite one example another illustra illustration tion of this my impression was on the whole might speculate that

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

come clean about

stand out convey buzzwords digital footprint digital literacy jeopardise soft skills novice track record play up

2 3 4 5

shown showing his true colours caught /her red-handed lost face over gave an accurate picture of 6 everyone/everybody glossing over 2 b

IE

derided engaged fulfill, potential rigorous standard standards s steer clear of  think outside the bo box x

6A

1 2 3 4 5 6

unless otherwise provide provided d that th at/a /as s long as it seemed a as s if  If in doubt Without /Bu /Butt for for

8 1 2 3 4 5

chip (on (on his) shoulder makes (my) flesh creep welcome (you with) open arm arms s fish (out (out of) w water ater under (the) weather

6 apart (at the) seam seams s 7 sinking feeli feeling ng 8 blood run cold

Id

2 b

IF 2 NG 7 NG 8 F

3T

4F

5T

7D

8F

9G

10 B

2b

3a

4e

5c

6f 

i A membership form has to be / must be completed. It's not known what happened to the plane / What happened to the plane isn't known. A full recovery is expected to be made. Photographs are taken after the event. The match was stopped stoppe d after aft er an ho hour ur.. It's time something was done about climate change. It has been announced that Los Angeles will host the next games. The climbers haven't been heard from since last Friday.

2c incompetence augment entails placatory instil rambling

it couldn't have must would had needn't should might 8 ought to

how it was stolen so could have been broken is estimated to be worth was held in high regard to have been misinformed about need to have your was decided that we would

4 1 absolutely essential that

2 supposed to have

1 whatever whatev er 2 whoever 3 whenever 4 however 5 whichever 6 when 7 how 8 what 1 0  a

Sa

If 1can just come in here Did you want to add anything 1think we might be digressing Can 1make a comment about that e) Let's stay focused f ) We're pressed for time so let's move on

1 has an excellent excell ent reputation in 2 has taught me to adapt to 3 have extensive extensi ve experience experienc e working with 4 am accustomed accusto med to working under pressure 5 am dedicated dedic ated to the profession 6 would be grateful for the opportunity

a) b) c) d)

5G

3

6T

will undoubtedly 3 may well / will will undoubtedly 4 may well / will 5 being able to 6 could be that 7 be capable of 8 would guess

9

4C

2 d

a)

7 quali quality ty curriculum 8 fire imagination 9 mutual respect

3B

2c

2 a

1 2 3 4 5 6

2D

5 1c 8c

to

2b 9b

3a 4b 10 b

5c

6b

7a

4 1 1 stand up 2 bridge

3 4 5 6

all llo oca catte se sett promote tackle

7 enforce 8 shape

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y 5a

2 a

1 2 3 4 5

that quote was taken out of context what we have to take into into account let me just add to what I was saying all I'm saying is that tha t there's a problem let me me put It Into perspective

3 Suggested answers:

1 Wit With h all due respect, I think thin k tha thatt you you

1 up 6 up

1 2 3 4 5

2 to 3 agains aga instt 4 out 7 out 8 back 9 with

back out of  looks up to get out of  live up to came up against again st

5 to 10 for

Positives: environmental Impact, breadth of titles / diversity of perspectives, regularity of updates, immediate i mmediate access to forums/blogs related to content Negatives: advertising, issues with with access, access, questions ov over er accuracy of content, Impact on opportunity to discuss articles socially

are wrong. It's definitely Important to address any difference by law. Excuse me me for interrupting, interrupt ing, but I disagree entirely. Climate change is the most important issue of our time. I don't wish to be blunt, but tax avoidance is thoroughly unacceptable. But surely that's not the point? We need to do more to stop homelessness in the first place. So what you're you're saying is that you are going to reduce financial support?

2

3 4

5

4 .1

6 7 8 9 10

1 2 3 4 5 6

came up with feel up to face faced d up to hold back on makes up for

filtering echo chambers reinforced algorithm post-truth trolling

i 6f

7b

8d

1 conscious thought thou ght 2 social learning theory a sense of reinforcement reinf orcement statesman stat esman (o (or) r) woman negative nega tive role models fear of failure mental menta l well-being empathy (or) (or) understanding

2c le

2a

3f

4c

5b

2 b

1 2 3 4 5

2 b

6d

3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

per ersu sua asiv sive compelling earnest su suc ccinct credible ible pertinent genuine pushy

2 a

If

2c

3b

4d

5a

6e

2 b

l j 21 3 a 4 g 5k 9 h 10 c 111 12 e

3 4 5 6 7 8

i

both Having had Confronted shaking determined obsessed both Considering

4 1 Roaring and cheering, cheerin g, the fans celebrated her victory. victory. 2 Having acquired the family business family business as a teenager, she was reluctant to sell. 3 Having been been reprimanded repri manded by the authorities, they were asked to leave the country. 4 After considering all the options, options, I decided not to apply for the job. 5 Realising (that) there was was nobody in, in, they left a message with a neighbour. 6 Looked Looked after carefully, this watch could last you a lifetime. 7 Painted sixty years ago, ago, the portrait

1 Not only is the car economical, economical , it's stylish, too. 2 Who wouldn't want a deal like like that? 3 Under Unde r pressure, stay cool, calm and collected. 4 To be successful, you need to work hard and play harder. 5 'We love being part of the team. Join us.' 6 It's a dog eat dog world here.

Paul Alexa Paul Sarah Alexa

6 Paul 7 Sarah 8 Alexa

3 i 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

3a

There's It's there's It There It's It's There It's It's

succinct genuine persuasive compelling credible pushy earnest

4 1 It's common knowledge tha thatt the website is full of fake news. 2 There seems to have been an accident accide nt up ahead. 3 There's sure to be a huge huge controversy contr oversy when the story gets out. 4 It's up to you which film you watch. 5 It's just It's just dawned on me what she meant. 6 It's a pity you missed the sho show. w. 7 It is hoped that the conflict will come come to an end. 8 There There's 's little point in discussing the matter again.

depicts my grandmother. 8 Having had a huge argument, argumen t, Kate and Ma Max x left without saying anything.

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y REVIEW 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

to absolutely could may would needn't can't supposed

6 Impressed by Isa Isa's 's work, the manager offered her a six-month contract. 7  Trained Trained as a/ a/Be Be ing in g a trained physiotherapist, she kno knows ws what effects that t hat kind of exercise cou could ld have have.. 8 Not speaking Itali Italian, an, I found life in Rome problematic.

8 1 up

2 up

7 to

8 on

3 in 4 up 5 back 6 up 9 of 10 of 11 up 12 up

3 1 Theirs is an Increasingly important Industry. 2 She works for a lit little-known tle-known International organisation. 3 To cook it real really ly w well, ell, use a ratio of two cups of water to rice rice.. 4 I'd rather rather not go to organis organised ed classes - they don't suit my long-term long-term pla plans. ns. 5 His speeches are b brilliant, rilliant, but he often has frust frustrati ratingly ngly ambiguous

9

9  of 10 will

2 lh 8a

21 9 j

3f 4 d 10 g

5c

6e

7b

3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  10

was decided tha thatt we would appears to have been taken need to have your laptop is esti estimated mated to be worth more to be said about could have been stolen won't be be filmed are thought to be got beaten by been agreed that w we e will

4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

roots reaping thorny up poured branch out water wat er down

5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

taken out of context needs address addressing ing saying is there's a problem take Into account brought that u up p add to what I was saying put it into perspective

compelling fake news genuine persuasive credible unbiased idolise trolling

? 1 Not feel feeling ing w well, ell, Sarah left work early early.. 2 Having acquired a large sum of m money oney through his own hard work, he was reluctant to pay tax (on it). 3 Havin Having g start started ed o on n the project, Ella was determined to complete it. 4 Not want wanting ing to offend him, we said nothing about his recent article. 5 Not hav having ing/Ha /Havin ving g no nott seen the film film,,

1 There are a number or reasons w why hy people doubt the authenticity of the story. 2   There's no harm iin n thin thinking king things through.

3  It's a mistake to make quick  judgemen  judg ements ts ab about out p peo eopl ple. e. 4  There's something to b be e said for considering different perspectives. 5  It's not a coinciden coincidence ce tha thatt he began criticising the press when they attacked him. 6 It's a pity that your brother w wasn't asn't able to attend the party. 7  It's you i have to thank for first introducing us. 8 It worries me to see you like this. 10 I f 2c

3b

4e

5a

6d

CHECK l b 2 b 3 a 4 a 5 b 6 c 7b 8 c 9 c 10 a 11 b 12: c 13 c 14 b 15 c 16 c 17 b 18 b 19 b 20 c 21 21a a 22 b 23 a 24 b 25 a 26 b 27 c 28 a 29 b 30 a

is lb

2d 2d

3c

4c

5a

2 1 The film iis s the llatest atest in a serie series s of of adaptations from the Marvel studios. 2 I took part in an organised class focusing on high-lmpact calorie burning exercise. 3 He thinks it is a rapidly changing market offering potentially massive sales. 4 This bo book ok iis s ideal for anyone trying to be better organised and seeking long term success. 5 Ground-breaking experi experimental mental research conducted in Europe proved the theor theory. y. 6 She gave a series of talks on environmental protection relevant to the general public.

opinions. 6 Try to avoid sugary produ products cts with high salt content. 7 I find that foodie forums forums o online nline are the best way of learning about recip recipes. es. 8 Most of the Issues mentioned in the article were completely c ompletely irrelevant. 9 Their recent fashion cam campaign paign attracted public criticism. 10 Having read your proposal, I thi think nk it's a practical, practical, low-cos low-costt solution.

4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

trigger trigge r rapid weight gain enhance capacity tri triggered ggered a memory deliver tangibl tangible e results deliver a host of benefits sustain interest in discuss an aspect of  susta sustain in long-term motiva motivatio tion n Enhance appearance achiev achieved ed success

5 lb 8c

2a 9b

3 c 4a 10 c

6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

long short low low short high long

5.2 1 li 8f

2d 9a

3 e 4j 10 g

5b

6h

7c

2 IF

2F

3T

4F

5T

6T

7F

8T

I'm reticent to make a judge judgement. ment.

 

ANSW ER KE KEY Y 3

2

1 They are pretty hard to come by, by, trainers like that. 2 She's a really stylish individual, Claire. laire. 3 That apartment, is it where your cousin lives? 4 Going ro round und markets and getti getting ng bargains, barg ains, that's what my friend Anna loves doing. 5 He's happy at work no now, w, my brother.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

? saying back said want meant Actually reminds mention

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

tit tit ffo or tat tat wine and dine All in all make ake or or b bre reak ak So Soon oner er or lat later er pa part rt an and dp par arce cell sa safe fe an and d sou sound nd Slowly but surely First and foremost

6 It's been a long-term goal of mine, moving to live abroad. 7 Going to the gy gym, m, that's what keep keeps s her motivated. 8 This so song, ng, can you remember w where here you heard it first? 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

that it this one Pret Pretty ty warm What it's Remember where That It's a

3a

10 more or less

1 It's not just about 2 apart from the weight loss, it d does oes have proven benefits for 3 Is the way forward 4 I don't know if you' you've ve tri tried ed it b but ut 5 The advantage of something like this is 6 What I've found really works for m me e is

2g 3h

4 e 5b

6d

7a

8 f 

2a

5b

The writer is generally optimistic - he/ she cites emerging technology as a tool for improving the quality quali ty of life in urba urban n environments.

1 Stea Steadily dily we climbed

2 b

5a

c)

2 slope Urgently, Xeno scramble scrambled du up pof theloose slope, , ignoring our warnings rock and steep drops drops.. 3 and sudden suddenly, ly, we were in a clear clearing ing 4 From the hillside jutt jutted ed an outcrop o off rock, offering 5 Looking down from our vant vantage age point, we saw 6 Standi Standing ng o on n the edge o off the desert was a large skeleta skeletall building. 7 In the harsh ligh lightt the burnished roof gleamed and looked like a candle 8 Ahead of them, was a great heap of machinery 9 From among the rocks behind us came a shrill cry

5c Adver Adverbs: bs: 1, 2,phrases: 3 Prepositional 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

5.3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Incorporate Into my dally routine routine exert myself physically magic bullet restor restoring ing my peace of mind out of synch with myself  panacea get engrossed In cure-all

ID 2 F 3 A 4 E 5B C is not n needed. eeded.

2c lc

2e 3a

4b 5d

lc 2b

lc

3a

4b

5c

bleak to flourish an assumptio assumption n scenario daunting harnessed anticipating

4 la s 2 tho thoug ugh h 3 do 4 alb albeit eit 5 as 6 However 7 even though 8 as 5 Sentence Sentenc e 1: although though Sentence Sent ence 2: Despite the ffact act of -» Despite the fact (that) Sentence 4: Even though -» Although Sentence Sent ence 5: Jam packed when it can be -»  Jam pack cked ed th thou ough gh iitt ca can nb be e Sentence Sent ence 6: Albeit -» However Sentence 7: Important if it is -» Important though/as It is Sentence 10: indifferent you can be -» indifferent you are Sentence 12: even though -» albeit 6 lc 2b 8c 9 c

3c 4b 10 b

5c

1 2 3 4 5  6

prof profound ound drama end up confused fairl fairly y commonplace commonplace need to synchroni synchronise se subtle distincti distinctions ons terms of remuneration

2 1 2 3 4 5  6 7

has vowed to has been called for voiced thei theirr concern concerns s maintains that h he's e's done to illustrate illustrate just ho how w was reprimanded reprimanded for n not ot acknowledged that it h had ad

6 6b b

1 The speaker at the conference insisted o n speaking... 2 They suggest suggested ed ( t h a t ) I go for extra lessons... 3 To be honest, honest, I regret regret t e l l i n g her anything about it. 4   She says she d i d n ' t hear anything. 5   I couldn't understand what he w r o t e . 6 Your fat father her h a s b e e n advised to talk to a lawyer... 7 I told him that iiff we left late we we w o u l d miss the train. 8 The b board oard of direct directors ors d discussed iscussed w h e t h e r t o / t h e y s h o u ld ld terminate his contract. 9 He r e c o m m e n d e d ( t h a t ) t h e y stay somewhere close to the airport. 1 0 We asked him t o give us a call when you a r r i v e d home.

4 1 Anna insisted that Peter should get

ready and go as his meeting started at two. Peter complained that Anna was rushing him, and explained he was choosing what to wear. Anna advised advise d him to take a taxi as it would be quicker. quicker. She warned him not to be late. Peter denied that he had ever been late for an appointment.

7a

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y 2 Chiara reminded Paul that he had

been invited / was to come round to dinner. He promised her that he would be there for eight. She warned him that her father was making spicy food / a really spicy stew. Paul assured her that she needn't worry as he could eat just about anything. 5 b

Extract 1 online online job advertisement

6

2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

3

6c

3

3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IB

an interpreter

Id

6.1

i lc

6.2

deliver a host of benefits cure-all looks can be deceiving trigger rapid weight gain out of synch with yourself  incorporate into a daily routine achieve success success deliver tangible results

1 2 3 4 5

a) b) a) b) a) b) a) b) a) b)

hustle and bustle bit of sanctuary alienating intimidating no-go zone downtown vowed pleaded acknowledges maintains

Extract 2 blog post

1 That new housing development by the

6 a) b) 7 a) b)

canal, have they finished it yet? 2 Cheating during exams is what he's known for.

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

expected taken for granted customary commonplace routine out of the o ordinary rdinary inappropriate unhear unheard d of  atypical peculiar peculi ar to

2 a

1 c 2a

4 5 6 7 8

group of students. That black m mountain ountain bike leaning against the th e window window,, is it yours? They aren't really so bad, our kids. She isn't worth bothering about, (that) Amanda. Particularly significant is the fact that so many people have complained. Left to fend for itself was a dog no bigger than a rat.

4 3b

2 b

1 2 3 4 5 6

3 They are mainly from Singapore, this

be accus accustomed tomed to can't get used to comple completely tely alien a given that am used to norm is to

1 2 3 4 5  6  7 8 9

low-cost high-risk short-tempered high-maintenance long-haul high-powered high-tech long-winded low profile

1 i always wonder about these things 2 I stil stilll wonder if it's reall really y that that common 3 I've I've heard heard that, but it soun sounds ds like a stereotype 4 Do you really think it's always the case 5 Someh Somehow ow I doubt it's generally general ly true

a Talking of him should mention that b Funny you should c Whe Where re was 1, anyway anyway d Getting back to what 1was saying

before

2 3

e What was 1saying, 1saying, anyway f Oh, that reminds me. g 1feel the same way about

le

1 2 3  4  5 6 7 8 9

as Despite Although / Even though as do albeit Nevertheless Even though t hough / Although Although though

1 Katia reminded Johan not to forget his

4

5

5b

1 British Briti sh doctor Michael Mosley's

_ f 

9

5a

i

 

commonplace customary inappropriate atypical peculiar to routine in

butt 1 or 2 and 3 for 4 or 5 bu 6 and 7 and 8 or 9 in 10 an and d

4 a

REVIEW 3

8 a) b) 9 a) b) 10 a) b)

voiced echoed illustrates relates

2b

3g 4f

5a

6d

7c

ground-breaking 5:2 diet, introduced in 2013, began a global diet revolution significantly promoting the health benefit of fasting. 2   In 2012, 2012, the 55-year-old 55-year-old out of shape shap e Mosley made the decision to lose weight and improve his overall fitness by beginning high-intensity training. now healthy Mosely's Mosely's revelation 3  The now that he was a long-term insomniac surprised many people, but tests conducted by University of Oxford's Department of Psychiatry following dietary changes to promote a healthy microbiome showed a three-fold improvement in sleep quality. quality.

6 7  8 

driving licence li cence / to bring his driving licence. Alex advised Clare not to stay in that part of town as it is/was expensive. Fotios invited me to go out for something to eat. The taxi driver warned us not to go the there re as it is/was a no-go zone. Mila denie denied d that she was a p poor oor translator. The tour guide assured us we'd have a great time. Hannah insisted insisted on on paying for the meal. Orhan promised promised his his tutor that the essay would be in on time.

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y iO

5b

4

1 I was u unaware naware of the cus custom tom,, but evidently it's a given that anyone clearing their plate should be offered more food. 2 Correct. 3 You You'd 'd think he would be accust accustomed omed to It by now. H He's e's lived lived here since since he was a teenager. 4 Correct. 5 Coming from from a city like New York

I m p r o v e d s u g g e s t iioo n s :  

lb

2a

3b

4b

5a

e8

Whatever the intention, there is no denying that his vision of our near future is spellbinding. It feels blockbuster in scope, but is so much more insightful, making it a worthy addition to the sci-fi pantheon. f5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

vita vitally lly important bitterl bitterly y disappointed prohibitivel prohibitively y expen expensive sive predominantly female fundamental fundamentally ly different hopelessly inadequate infini infinitely tely preferable

6 6a a

7a

8b

I'm used to people being loud and obnoxious. 6 Over here the norm is to help out w with ith the comm community unity whenever pos possible. sible. 7 Where I come from, it is expected that you take a gift when you are invited for a meal. 8 I know it seems a bit stra strange, nge, but in this part of the world It's customary to share the cost. CHECK

la 2c 3b 4c 5b 6c 7 7c c 8b 9 a 10 a 11c 12 b 13 a 14 a 15 b 16 c 17 a 18 b 19 a 20 b 21c 22 c 23 b 24 a 25 a 26 b 27 c 28 b 29 c 30 b

And while relatively few big budget films ask big questions, Blade Runner   2049 does 2049  does consider what It means to be human in the digital era. Does identity amount jostling to anything than algorithms withmore countless others? g* Blade Runner 2049 seriously 2049  seriously questions our identity in a future world while avoiding the clichés of formulaic plotlines. Consequently, any actionfuelled set pieces that suffuse most similar sci-fi offerings at least make sense here.

8 greatl greatly y admired

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

h6

1 2 3 4 5 6

The overlap of identity identi ty and image is keenly observed by Roger D Deakins's eakins's sumptuous cinematography.

EH 1 2 3 4 5 6

heist movie, plot twist Indie film, female protagonist spaghetti western western,, flashback an A-liste -lister, r, support supporting ing cast universal appeal, formulaic p plotlines lotlines chick flick, road movie

2 b

lc

2c

3a

4 d 5a

6b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

didn' didn'tt take put a strai strain n on clicked strai straightaway ghtaway rocky stable meet people halfway never compromise

A: B: A: B:

2 b

1 I'd rather you went now 2 Our recommendation Is to contact i f you didn't 3 would be better if 4 wish she would stop 5 time the children were 6 odd (that) (that) you should say 5 a

2a

3b

4 g 5 f 6 h 7d

3T 4T 5 F

6T

I found it quite a s t o n i s h i n g that so few of my classmates had read his poetry. Starting out as an actress, she has operated as a h i g h l y su cce ssfu ssfu ll   director for the last decade decade.. If you haven't seen the film already, I would t h o r o u g h l y r e c o m m e n d i t . I was s o m e w h a t s a d d eenn e d to hear that you won't be joining us for dinner this evening. Although the critics don't seem to agree, I t h o u g h t she was a b s o l u t e l y  y  perfect for for the part. I think that this piece of music is d e e p l y e v o c a t i v e o f a time of great sadness. D i f f i c u l t as it is to believe, Sarah wa was s given the job despite being the weakest candidate. She only v a g u e l y remembered me, which I found d e e p l y u p s e t t i n g .

4

lc

2F

8e

this was like I think it was were like sort of  It was one of those things Strange/Funny

3

b)

IT

Funny/Strange stuf stufff like that was like you know what I mean? were like some

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

2 a

issues be taken, (should) amend current guidelines, the union (should) use its position, these terms (should) take place, members (should) refuse to comply an and d notify, detailed detai led notes of any exchan exchange ge be kept, these guidelines be followed

turb turbu ule len nt soaring panoramic tranquil indigenous legendary authentic opulent

A: B: A: B:

Read this review? Yes, this morning. Ever seen his films? Yes es,, a couple. Bri Brilli lliantly antly sho shot, t, very atmospheric. Always subtitled? Not always. Some are in English. Going to see this one? Might do. Pl Plot ot sounds a bit predictable.

lg

2d

3a

4h 5f

6e

7b

8c

2 b

1H 2 C 3 E 4 B 8 A 9 C 10 F

5 G 6G

7E

2 d

lc

2e

3a

4b

5g

6f

7h

8d

 

ANSW ER K EY EY 8 .2

3 1 The cu current rrent government, if recent reports can be trusted, has decided to end its policy, which since the early 1990s, has had a detrimental impact on the funding f unding of community services. 2   The bagga baggage ge handler st strikes, rikes, which have caused serious disruption to travellers on a number of airlines In recent weeks, weeks, are likely to continue into the summer months despite the

i 1 casting an eye over 2 plough through

3 flick through  A dip into 5 reading up on 6 pore over

7 scru scruti tin nise ise 8 perusing

2 1  So what's y o u r t a k e on this? 2   I'm really against any f o r m of animal

abuse. thatt r e g a r d I'm t o t a l l y with you. 3  In tha  A Really? I'd b e s u r p r i s e d if t h a t w as as the case. 5 On t h e f a c e o f it, it seems that'll happen

3

1 2 3   A

view should would least

assurances of many leading union union representatives, including Carlo Santi. 3 Among a sign significa ificant nt proportion of the population seemingly insignificant

2 b ID 2 B 3 C AA E is not needed.

decisions, like what to make for dinner or which programme to stream next, can create a good deal of tension, which is difficult to alleviate. A A document docu mentary ary exploring som some e of the key moments in twentiethcentury photojournalism, ranging from the war photographers, such as Frank Capa, to social commentators like Mike Brodie, is scheduled to be broadcast later this thi s month.

2c

5 supposedly

1 2 3  A 5 6 7 8

4a

4

1 at 2 agai against nst 3 of A by 5 about 6 for 7 of 8 about 9 in 10 about

Several members of the fire and rescue service, (who were) honoured for their role In rescuing the crew of a fishing vessel (which was) stranded on roc rocks ks near the remote Shia Shiant nt Islands, have attended an award ceremony at Edinburgh Castle. Standing outside the ceremony, protesting against agains t job losses (which are) scheduled for this month, a crowd of current and former servicemen and women, (which included) including representatives from the Highlands, Highland s, de demanded manded that that they  they should be given greater support to carry out such dangerous work. The situation raises many questions (which) facing many rural and remote areas (face): Is It right that that we  we continue to centralise such services when they are so obviously essential to the communities they protect?

5 i 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 9 10

buckled chatty fussy well-dressed stingy gifted determined self self-a -ass ssur ured ed met etic icu ulo lou us noto tori rio ous

5F

subsumed Interjection under siege divergent synchronous dubbed panoply pensive

1 Well, I'm no expert but I think 2   Maybe it's just jus t m me, e, but it feels like 3  I'm guessing that  A there are some things that I agree

with, but I just think that

REVIEW 4

3

4 ic 8c

2b 9b

3b A Aa a 10 a

5b

6a

7b

For For:: 2, 3, 5 Against: 2, 3, 5

5b 2d

3b

Ac

5e

5c Contrastive: On the one hand, Conversely, Despite, However Additive: also, also, furthermore, ffinally inally Exemplifying: such as Cause-effect / Reason: so, Therefore Other: In conclusion, in my view,

8.3 1 1 conservationists roam 3 predator  A migrate 5 cull 6 livestock 7 animals 8 pack, prey 9 anim animal al love loverr 10 hunt, lone wolf  2

lb 8b

2b 9c

3c

A Aa a

5b

6a

7c

10 a

2 i

5a

la

1

2 3 A 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

formulaic plotlines flashbacks fem female ale pr prot otag agon onist ist chick flicks pu putt a st stra rain in on clicked straightaway didn't take meet people halfway authentic indigenous tr tran anqu quil il soaring

3 i 2 3 A 5 6

as it is to believe To m my y am amuse useme ment nt wa was s utter utterly ly de devas vastat tatin ing g ar are ew well ell aw awar are e of  of  would thoroughly recom With some reluctance

4 l 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 9 10

bitterly Pr Pro ohi hib bit itiv ivel ely y greatly in infi fini nite tely ly pain inffull lly y highly vaguely dis isti tin nct ctly ly vitally in inex extr tric icab ably ly

 

ANSW ER KEY KE Y 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Funny I thi think nk it was some some Strange you know what I mean was like, were like It w was as one of those things

8 1 migrate

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

spoilt spoil t for choice pack dip into pore over Torn between sit on on the fence scrutinise cull weighi weighing ng up the options

? Suggested answer:

According to numerous studies looking at what popular and commercially successful films have in common, films designed to be viewed on the largest screens available, marketed heavily in advance, and not unduly affected affected by poor press reviews tend to focus on li limited mited genres such as heist movies and chick flicks, feature recognised A-listers, and be referen referenced, ced, visually or through dialogue, by other ot her films. i 1 2 3 4 5 6

a) a) a) a) a) a) 7 a) 8 a) 9 a) 10 a)

articulate buckled celebrated nit-picking self-assured resolute smart mean discerning smart

b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

garrulous capitulated famous systematic proud determined well-dressed nasty picky gifted

9

I of 2 in 3 on 4 for 5 on 6 about / of 7 of 8 of 9 of I I aga of inst 12t at 161on 3 about 15 agains

10 for

14 about

1 0 a

a)   What's your view? b)   I'd b be e really surprised if that's the case case.. c)   On the face of it d )   I'm total totally ly with you in that respe respect. ct. e)   So, what's your take o on n this?

10s le

2a

3b

4 d 5c

CHECK

l c 2b 3c 4 4b b 5c 6b 7a 8 c 9 b 10 a 11c 12 b 13 c 14 b 15 c 16 a 17 c 18 b 19 b 20 c 21 21a a 22 c 23 b 24 a 25 c 26 c 27 b 28 c 29 b 30 c

B  

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reproduced, stored in a retrieval system system,, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permis permission sion of the copyright holders. holders. First published 2018 ISB ISBN: N: 978-1 978-1-292-2 -292-21 1224-1 Se Sett in Ap Aptifer tifer sans LT Pro 10/12 p ptt Printed and bound by L.E.G.O. S.p.A. S.p.A. Lavis Lavis (T N ) - Italy Italy

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