TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING SENSITIVITY TEST (AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO NACE TM0284)
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012
MESC SPECIFICATION DOCUMENT
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MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 2 PREFACE MESC (Materials and Equipment Standards and Code) SPE documents reflect the views, at the time of publication, of: Shell Global Solutions International B.V. (Shell GSI) and/or Shell International Exploration and Production B.V. (SIEP) and/or other Shell Service Companies. They are based on the experience acquired during their involvement with the design, construction, operation and maintenance of processing units and facilities, and they are supplemented with the experience of Shell Operating Units. Where appropriate they are based on, or reference is made to, international, regional, national and industry standards. The objective is to set the standard for good design and engineering practice applied by Shell companies operating an oil refinery, gas handling installation, chemical plant, oil and gas production facility, or any other such facility, and thereby to achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization. The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to implement. This is of particular importance where MESC SPEs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each locality. The system of MESC SPEs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the information set forth in MESC SPEs to their own environment and requirements. When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use MESC SPEs they shall be solely responsible for the quality of work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will expect them to follow those practices, which will achieve the same level of integrity as reflected in the MESC SPEs. If in doubt, the Contractor or Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal or its technical advisor. The right to use MESC SPEs is granted by Shell GSI, in most cases under Service Agreements primarily with Shell companies and other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Service Company. Consequently, three categories of users of MESC SPEs can be distinguished: 1)
Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or other Shell Service Company. The use of MESC SPEs by these Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2)
Other parties who are authorized to use MESC SPEs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3)
Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2) which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any MESC SPE, combination of MESC SPEs or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Service Company. The benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Service Company, or companies affiliated to these companies, that may issue MESC SPEs or require the use of MESC SPEs. Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, MESC SPEs shall not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the MESC SPEs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after use, including any copies, which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The copyright of MESC SPEs vests in Shell GSI. Users shall arrange for MESC SPEs to be held in safe custody and Shell GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement. All administrative queries should be directed to the MESC SPE Administrator in Shell GSI.
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 4 SCOPE........................................................................................................................ 4 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS ......... 4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 4 CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS EDITION ................................................................... 4 COMMENTS ON THIS MESC SPE ............................................................................ 5
PART II
AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO NACE TM0284 ............................................... 6
PART III
REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 10
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 4 PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1
SCOPE This MESC SPE specifies requirements for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) sensitivity testing and is based on NACE TM0284-2011. This MESC SPE shall apply in addition to the applicable MESC Buying Description, purchase order or requisition sheet. This MESC SPE is written as amendments and supplements to NACE TM0284-2011, which are covered in Part II of this MESC SPE. The clause numbering of NACE TM0284 has been retained and any amendments are identified as ‘Add’, ‘Modify to read’ or ‘Delete’. Any clauses of NACE TM0284 that are not amended or supplemented by this MESC SPE shall apply as written.
1.2
DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this MESC SPE is confined to Shell companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated by them. This MESC SPE is intended for use in oil refineries, chemical plants, gas plants, exploration and production facilities and, where applicable, supply/distribution installations. If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more stringent than in this MESC SPE the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be acceptable with regards to safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of this MESC SPE which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective being to obtain agreement to follow this MESC SPE as closely as possible.
1.3
DEFINITIONS
1.3.1
General definitions The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering, procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project, or operation or maintenance of a facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor. The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor. The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for it. The Principal may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the Principal. The word shall indicates a requirement. The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.4
CHANGES SINCE PREVIOUS EDITION The previous edition of this SPE is dated May 2010. The main changes are to invoke and align with the 2011 version of NACE TM0284. In addition, the email address of MESC SPE administrator is updated.
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 5 1.5
COMMENTS ON THIS MESC SPE Comments on this MESC SPE may be sent to the MESC SPE Administrator at
[email protected]. Shell staff may also post comments on this MESC SPE on the Surface Global Network (SGN) under the Standards folder.
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 6 PART II AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO NACE TM0284 1.2
Modify to read
The tests shall be performed with Solution A, a sodium chloride, acetic acid (NaCl, CH3COOH) solution saturated with H2S at ambient temperature and pressure. After a specified time the test specimens shall be removed and evaluated.
1.5
Add new clause
Compliance with the HIC testing requirements is the responsibility of the piping material or equipment supplier but the testing shall be performed by the steel manufacturer (i.e., testing shall be done by the original material manufacturer as a qualification of his manufacturing route for HIC resistant steel material). Material inspection certificates shall be in accordance with ISO 10474, Type 3.1.C (for which the piping material or equipment supplier or steel manufacturer shall appoint the witnessing party, subject to the approval of the Principal).
1.6
Add new clause
Materials shall be subjected to HIC testing at a frequency of one test per heat unless specified otherwise in following sections.
1.7
Add new clause
The Principal shall indicate if any of these tests are to be witnessed.
2.1
Modify to read
The reagents for Test Solution A shall be nitrogen gas for purging, H 2S gas, NaCl, CH3COOH, and distilled or deionized water.
2.3
Add
The H2S purity shall be 99.5 vol% or better and oxygen free.
4.1.1
Add
...except that for seamless pipe and fittings the specimens shall be 60 ± 1 mm (2.36 ± 0.04 in) long x 20 ± 1 mm (0.80 ± 0.04 in) wide.
4.1.2
Modify to read
The test specimen thickness shall be the full wall thickness of the pipe up to a maximum of 30 mm (1.2 in). For wall thickness greater than 30 mm (1.2 in), the test specimen thickness shall be limited to a maximum thickness of 30 mm (1.2 in) as described in Section 5. A maximum of 1 mm (0.04 in) may be removed from each of the surfaces (i.e., internal and external). Test specimen blanks shall not be flattened.
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 7
4.2.1
Add
Three test specimens shall be taken from each test pipe. At least one pipe from every steel melt and heat treatment combination shall be tested in the test solution. Where products of different dimensions are produced in one steel melt and heat treatment combination, tests shall be performed both on products with the thickest and the thinnest dimensions. For line pipe ordered to ISO 3183 PSL2, the required HIC testing frequency shall be as per table below: Type of inspection
Type of pipe
Frequency of inspection
Hardness testing of pipe
SMLS, HFW, SAWL, SAWH
Two tests per test unit of pipe with the same cold expansion a) ratio . One test for heats less than 100 tonne
Hardness testing of longitudinal or helicalseam weld of welded pipe
HFW, SAWL, SAWH
Two tests per test unit of pipe with the same cold expansion a) ratio . One test for heats less than 100 tonne
Hardness testing of hard spots in welded pipe
HFW, SAWL, SAWH
Each hard spot found on the internal or external surface of the pipe
Non-destructive inspection
SMLS, HFW, SAWL, SAWH
In accordance with Annex K
HIC test
SMLS, HFW, SAWL, SAWH
One test for each of the first three heats applied; thereafter, one test for each test unit of not more than 10 heats of steel
If required, SSC test
SMLS, HFW, SAWL,
One test for each pipe provided for manufacturing procedure qualification
NOTE:
a) The cold-expansion ratio is designated by the manufacture (see 8.9.3). An increase or decrease in the cold-expansion ratio of more than 0.002 requires the creation of a new test unit
4.4.1
Modify to read
Prior to testing, the test specimens shall be degreased with a suitable degreasing solution and rinsed with an appropriate solvent, such as acetone. Thereafter, extreme care shall be taken not to contaminate the specimens. They shall be handled using only degreased tongs or clean gloves. Specimens shall not be coated in any way before exposure in the test environment. The adequacy of the degreasing method shall be determined for each batch of test specimens by the atomizer test in accordance with ASTM F 21 or another equivalent method. The method used shall be reported.
5.2.5
Add new clause
For plate or strip where more than one thickness may be rolled from the same heat, tests shall be performed on both the thickest and the thinnest material produced from each heat.
6.2.6
Add new
At least one fitting from every steel melt and heat treatment combination shall be tested in the test solution. Where products of different dimensions
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 8 clause
are produced in one steel melt and heat treatment combination, tests shall be performed both on products with the thickest and the thinnest dimensions.
8.1.3
Modify to read
The test solution (Solution A) shall be prepared in a separate sealed vessel 3 that is purged with nitrogen for at least one hour at a rate of 100 cm /min per litre of test solution before transferring the test solution to the test vessel, which has been subject to nitrogen purging in advance. The test solution shall consist of 5.0 wt% NaCl and 0.50 wt% CH3COOH in distilled or deionized water (i.e., 50.0 g of NaCl and 5.00 g of CH3COOH dissolved in 945 g of distilled or deionized water). The initial pH shall be 2.7 ± 0.1. All reagents added to the test solution shall be measured to ± 1.0% of the quantities specified.
8.1.4
Modify to read
If specified by the Principal, HIC susceptible material shall be tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution.
8.2.3
Modify to read
After purging, H2S gas shall be bubbled through the test solution. The rate 3 of bubbling shall be at least 200 cm /min per litre of test solution for the first 60 min; thereafter, while maintaining a positive pressure of H2S gas, the H2S flow 3 rate may be reduced to 10 cm /min per litre of test solution and maintained at this rate for the remainder of the test period to ensure that the test solution remains saturated with H2S. The concentration of H2S in the test solution shall be measured by iodometric titration and shall be a minimum of 2,300 ppm at the end of the test. An acceptable iodometric titration procedure is detailed in Appendix C (nonmandatory).
8.3.1
Modify to read
pH at start of test - The pH of the Solution A at the start of the test shall be measured immediately after H2S saturation and shall not exceed 3.3.
8.3.2
Modify to read
pH at end of test - The pH of the Solution A at the end of the test shall be measured and shall not exceed 4.0 for the test to be valid.
8.6
Add new clause
Oxygen Contamination
9.1
Add
The tendency to blister shall be reported after visual examination, and photographs shall be taken of the two wide faces of each coupon to show any blistering.
9.4
Add
For each section containing cracks, one photograph shall be taken showing the complete transverse sections.
9.6
Add new clause
Unless otherwise specified, the following acceptance criteria shall be met:
The small positive pressure of H2S shall be maintained in the test cell by the use of an outlet trap to prevent oxygen contamination from the air. If at any time during the test a white haze clouds the solution, this is evidence that oxygen ingress has occurred so the test shall be stopped and repeated with new specimens and fresh solution.
a) Calculated values (refer to ISO 15156-2:2009, Clause B.5): % (maximum)
Average per specimen
CLR
CTR
CSR
15
5
2
b) The maximum individual crack length on any section shall not exceed 5 mm (0.2 in). If any specimen fails to meet any of the above acceptance criteria, the heat of steel represented by the test shall be rejected. 9.7
Add new clause
One specimen from each plate/strip shall be polished and etched (in thicker plates, multiple specimens representing the full thickness shall be prepared) and the microstructure evaluated for the degree of banding according to
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 9 ASTM E 1268. Micro-indentation hardness tests are not required. Results shall be reported, for information only, using ASTM E 1268 reporting nomenclature. 10.2
Modify to read
The following shall be reported: (a) Method of testing for adequacy of test specimen degreasing; (b) Test solution used (Solution A); (c) pH of the test solution before introduction of H2S - specified in Paragraphs 8.1.3; (d) pH of the test solution at start of test (after saturation with H 2S) specified in Paragraph 8.3.1; (e) pH of the test solution at end of test—specified in Paragraph 8.3.2; and (f) Temperature of the test solution—specified in Paragraph 8.5. (g) H2S content of test solution - specified in Paragraph 8.2.3
10.4
Add
For each section, the maximum individual crack length shall be reported. For each value, a pass/fail mark shall be reported according to the specified acceptance criteria in 9.6.
10.6
Add new clause
The report shall also include: (a) Photomicrographs of the specimens showing cracking, together with photomicrographs of adjacent material structures and photomicrographs of the bulk material structure (samples) used to assess microstructure banding: i.
Unetched, showing the type of inclusions in the steel.
ii.
Etched, showing the parent material microstructure.
iii. Assessment of microstructure banding in accordance with ASTM E1268. (b) Photographs of specimens, showing any blisters. (c) Location and dimensions of specimens. (d) Full chemical analysis of material tested, including analysis for microalloying elements. (e) Mechanical properties of materials tested after a simulated PWHT cycle, if applicable.
MESC SPE 74/125 September 2012 Page 10 PART III REFERENCES In this MESC SPE, reference is made to the following publications: NOTES:
1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used, together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto. 2. Most of the referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards.
AMERICAN STANDARDS Standard practice for assessing the degree of banding or orientation of microstructures
ASTM E 1268
Standard Test Method for Hydrophobic Surface Films by the Atomizer Test
ASTM F 21
Issued by: American Society for Testing and Materials 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken PA 19428-2959 USA
Test Method – Evaluation of Pipeline Steels for Resistance to Stepwise Cracking
NACE TM0284-2011
Issued by: NACE International P.O. Box 218340 Houston, Texas 77218 USA
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS Steel and steel products – Inspection documents
ISO 10474
Petroleum and natural gas industries — Materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production — Part 2: Cracking-resistant carbon and low alloy steels, and the use of cast irons
ISO 15156-2:2009
Issued by: ISO Central Secretariat 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genève 20 Switzerland Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations.
