Souto, Xosé Por Qué Estudiar Geografía en La Educación Básica

 

quì fstujlor ?.  Pcr quì fstujlor fk fjueoelõk fk  fjueoelõk dïsleo  ]csì Gokufh Ucutc Ickzïhfz VKLQFTULJOJ JF QOHFKELO

Alkohljojfs jf ho fksfÿokzo jf ho Ifciroaço Ulk jujo, uko jf hos orgoelckfs fk hos euohfs moy goycr ecksfksc sceloh fs quf ho scelfjoj jfh slihc ]]L sf rlif pcr aoetcrfs y jfelslckfs jf ïgdltc ihcdoh c gukjloh. Zoktc fk hc quf eckelfrkf o hcs prcdhfgos ogdlfktohfs jf ho Zlfrro Z lfrro ecgc fk hos jfsliuohjojfs scelohfs y fk hos jleuhtojfs jf oeefsc o hcs dlfkfs feckõglfeckõgl ecs, fxlstf ho efrtfzo jf quf fs kfefsorlc odcrjorhcs jf gokfro eckbukto. Oslglsgc, sodfgcs quf ho vljo jf eojo sfr mugokc sf jfsorrchho fk uk fktcrkc tfrrltcrloh guy eckerftc. Ho lkaokelo y ho ojchfsefk elo jf hos h os pfrsckos trokseurrfk ifkfrohgfktf fk fh ïgdltc jf pcecs nlhõgftrcs euojrojcs. Hos jfelslckfs jf eojo jço (lr o ho fseufho, ecgfr, buior, rfhoelckorsf eck ctros pfrsckos) tlfkfk huior fk uk fspoelc jfhlgltojc, oukquf pufjok lkulr fk fhhos hos rfprfsfktoelckfs euhturohfs jf huiorfs hfbokcs. Fk ecksfeufkelo, hc hceoh y hc ihcdoh, hc hfbokc y hc prõxlgc fk hos jlstokelos açsleos y oafetlvos sf rfhoelckok fk ho eckstltuelõk jf hos ljfktljojfs pfrsckohfs. Ho fseufho fs uk huior eckerftc jckjf tlfkf huior fh oprfkjlzobf jf fsto eckfxlõk

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jf aoetcrfs fxphleotlvcs. \ uko oslikoturo quf trojlelckohgfktf sf mo ceupojc jf fstcs ecktfkljcs fjueotlvcs fs ho Ifciroaço. Fk fstf eopçtuhc sf odcrjo ho opcrtoelõk jf fsto oslikoturo o ho acrgoelõk lktfiroh jf ho pfrscko. Pcr fsc, fk prlgfr huior, sf okohlzok hos kohljojfs jf hos ifciroaços fk phuroh. O hc horic jf jìeojos y efkturlos fsto gotfrlo elfktçeo mo rfohlzojc ohiukos prcpufstos jljïetleos quf sck jf uk fkcrgf fkcr gf vohcr poro oarcktor hcs rftcs jfh oprfkjlzobf sceloh. Poro fhhc fs prfelsc eckcefr eõgc sf aroiuõ ho ifciroaço fjueotlvo jfsjf hcs lktfrfsfs irfglohfs y scelohfs. Fh ecktrostf eck hos kohljojfs fxpufstos pcr jlvfrsos fseufhos c tfkjfkelos ifcirïeos, osç ecgc pcr pfrsckos rfhfvoktfs, pcsldlhlto ljfktleor hos gftos fjufju eotlvos jf ho ifciroaço fk fh slihc ]]L. Fs jfelr, jfelr, pfrgltf rfspckjfr rfsp ckjfr o ho prfiukto2 ³pcr quì fstujlor ifciroaço fk fjueoelõk dïsleo fk fh slihc ]]L3 Gïs ojfhoktf sf prfsfktok ohiukcs ecktfkljcs quf sck dïslecs poro ho acrgoelõk lktfiroh jf uko pfrscko. Fk fstf sfktljc sf rfhoelckok hos modlhljojfs y hcs eckcelglfktcs ifcirïecs eck hos cemc ecgpftfkelos dïsleos rfeckceljos pcr ho CEJF y quf mok sljc ojcptojos pcr ho goycrço jf hcs icdlfrkcs jf hos koelckfs oh

eckafeelckor fh eurrçeuhc fsechor. Ojfgïs, fs uko gokfro jf fktfkjfr ho fjueoelõk jfktrc jf hcs porïgftrcs jf ho acrgoelõk pfrgokfktf, fhfgfktc fsfkeloh jfh oprfkjlzobf pfrsckoh fk ho scelfjoj jfh eckcelglfktc. Fk eclkeljfkelo eck hcs pcstuhojcs jf Dfrtrokj Tussfhh, qulfk orgodo quf ho fjueoelõk fstï çktlgogfktf hliojo o hcs kfs jf ho vljo, fsto sfhfeelõk jftfrglko ohiukcs vohcrfs y oetltujfs. Pfrc, oh glsgc tlfgpc, kc sf hlglto o erfor uk ogdlfktf fsechor fktrftfkljc, slkc quf gufstro hcs eckcelglfktc eckcelglfktcss elfktçecs quf mok pfrgltl pfrgltl-jc oheokzor uk jftfrglkojc klvfh jf dlfkfstor. Pcr fsc hos kohljojfs jf ho fjueoelõk ifcirïeo fstïk fstrfemogfktf hliojos o ho fxphleoelõk jf hcs aoetcrfs ceuhtcs dobc sltuoelckfs lkbustos jfh rfportc jf hcs rfeurscs koturohfs c jfh gfreojc hodcroh. Ho dòsqufjo jf ho fxphleoelõk rliurcso jf hos crioklzoelckfs fspoelohfs fs uko gfto quf supckf ho ojqulslelõk jf ukos oetltujfs oktf fh sodfr y quf pckf fk prlgfr huior ukcs vohcrfs y kc ctrcs, ecgc jfspuìs sf odcrjorï.

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Ho fksfÿokzo jf ho Ifciroaço quf sf fxpckf fk fstf trodobc rfspckjf o ho lhuslõk y ho jftfrglkoelõk jf hcs jcefktfs poro fstodhfefr uk jlïhcic arokec eck sus ohugkcs2 uko oetlvljoj jlohõileo quf pfrglto jfseudrlr fhfgfktcs (jfgciroaço, ehlgo, vfiftoelõk) y aoetcrfs (urdoklzoelõk, jfsfrtleoelõk, scdrffxphctoelõk) quf gufstrok ho aroilhljoj jf hos rfhoelckfs fktrf fh sfr mugokc y fh slstfgo ogdlfktoh jckjf vlvf. ³_uì suefjf, quf toktos pfrsckos f lkstltuelckfs modhok jf ho fjueoelõk y oh glsgc tlfgpc sf tlfkf ho sfksoelõk jf quf ìsto fgpfcro3 Kugfrcscs ohugkcs aroeosok fk sus oprfkjlzobfs y uk kògfrc slikleotlvc odokjcko sus fstujlcs euokeuokjc jfsoporfef ho ogfkozo jf ho cdhliotcrlfjoj. ³Pcr quì sf rfslstfk o oprfkjfr hcs klÿcs y ojchfsefktfs fk uko scelfjoj quf sf outcjfkcglko ‘jfh eckcelglfktc‗3 ³_uì suefjf, quf fstos pfrsckos kc qulfrfk oprcvfemor su jfrfemc o uko fjueoelõk irotulto euokjc ctrcs klÿcs sck fxphctojcs pcr kc pcjfr oeujlr o uk efktrc fsechor3 ³Pcr quì kc sf odcrjok hcs prcdhfgos ogdlfktohfs jfh phokfto jfsjf ho hõileo jfh eckcelglfktc ifcirïec fsechor3 ³Pcr quì kc sf lkecrpcrok hos prfceupoelckfs ectljlokos ecgc cdbftc jf fstujlc o ho ifciroaço fsechor3 Fstf drfvf ortçeuhc kc omckjo fk fstcs puktcs, pfrc sç gufstro ho lktfkelõk l ktfkelõk jf sfrvlr ecgc puktc jf portljo poro uk jfdotf gïs ogdlelcsc fktrf echfios jf poçsfs ldfrcogfrleokcs.?

Ho oslikoturo jf Ifciroaço fk fh ïgdltc fsechor Ho ifciroaço fs uko acrgo oktliuo jf eckcelglfktc. Hcs oktliucs irlfics utlhlzodok yo sus eckefptcs y tìekleos poro fxphleor hcs huiorfs quf jfseudrçok jf seudrçok f lkehusc poro trotor jf ecgprfkjfr ho acrgo jf ho Zlfrro. Z lfrro. Jf fstc moef gïs jf jcs glh oÿcs.

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  Fk fh pcrtoh jf Ifcerçtleo sf fkeufktro fh Ifcacrc Ldfrcogfrleokc jf Fjueoelõk y Ifciroaço. Fk hos jlafrfktfs sfeelckfs sf pufjfk fkecktror okïhlsls y jfdotfs scdrf ho sltuoelõk jf ho fksfÿokzo jf ho Ifciroaço fk jlstlktcs poçsfs ldfrcogfrleokcs2 www.ifcacrc.ecg/

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Gïs torjf hcs eckcelglfktcs ifcirïecs oyujorck o eckqulstor kufvos tlfrros. tlf rros. Hcs eortuhokcs y pcrtuhokcs jf kohfs jfh Gfjlfvc pfrgltlfrck pfr gltlfrck fh eckcelglfktc y ho eckqulsto jf hos ecstos oarleokos y oslïtleos. Hufic auf Ogìrleo. \ kc sõhc jfsjf Furcpo sf fxphcrodo fh phokfto eck ho oyujo jf gopos, sodfgcs quf togdlìk fk Emlko fxlstço fstf glsgc tlpc jf ophleoelõk proigïtleo jf ho ifciroaço ecgc sodfr elfktçec. Ulk fgdoric, ecgc dlfk sfÿoho Bcsì Crtfio (40002??-?6), kc pcjfgcs eckaukjlr fstf eckcelglfktc, c fh quf trotodo jf fxphleor fx phleor afkõgfkcs ecgc fh surilglfktc jf hos gcktoÿos c ho fxlstfkelo jf uk aufic lktfrlcr quf ohlgfktodo hcs vcheokfs, eck su lkstltuelckohlzoelõk ecgc gotfrlo fsechor. Fstc òhtlgc sf prcjuef fk fh slihc ]L] y sf hlio o ho eckschljoelõk jf hcs Fstojcs ecgc oporotcs burçjlecs y pchçtlecs quf rfprfsfktok hcs lktfrfsfs jf ho duriufsço osefkjfktf. Fs uk prcefsc quf sf oecgpoÿo jf ho fhodcroelõk jf fstojçstleos tfrrltcrlohfs y ifciroaços jfserlptlvos jf poçsfs, osç ecgc jf ho lkstltuelckohlzoelõk jf hcs Tfilstrcs Elvlhfs y jf ho Prcplfjoj. Fk fstf sfktljc, fh eckcelglfktc ifcirïec echodcro jfelslvogfktf fk ho eckstrueelõk jf hcs fstojcs hldfrohfs, pufs slrvf poro hfiltlgor ho ljfo jf tfrrltcrlc koelckoh, quf fro ukc jf hcs fhfgfktcs jf ljfktljoj jf jlemo duriufsço. Ho fjueoelõk ifcirïeo sf lksfrto, pufs, fk fh gorec jf ho lkstltuelckohlzolkstltuelckohlzo elõk jfh slstfgo fsechor. Osç pcjfgcs jlafrfkelor sus crçifkfs fk fh slihc ]L], fk ho eckstltuelõk pchçtleo jf hos koelckfs, eck su ojfeuoelõk oh slstfgo jf irojcs (Prlgorlo, Ufeukjorlo, Vklvfrsljoj) o hc horic jf hcs slihcs

]L] y ]].

Ho jlafrfkeloelõk

fktrf fjueoelõk jf fhltfs y jf gosos sf sliuf rfrlfkjc o hcs slstfgos fsechorfs jf klÿcs y ojchfsefktfs, poro jor eufkto jf ho prchckioelõk jf ho fksfÿokzo cdhliotcrlo mosto hcs ?: y ?1 oÿcs jf fjoj. Ulk fgdoric, fktfkjfgcs quf jfspuìs jfh oÿc 4000, prlgfrc fk ho Vklõk Furcpfo (Oifkjo jf Hlsdco) y hufic fk ctrcs poçsfs, fs kfefsorlc ecktfxtuohlzor ho fksfÿokzo fk jcs sudslstfgos2 ho acrgoelõk dïsleo (jf klÿcs y ojchfsefktfs) y ho acrgoelõk poro fh fgphfc (o hc horic jf ho vljo).

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Hos kohljojfs jf ho fjueoelõk ifcirïeo kc sck jftfrglkojos pcr hos kf efsljojfs sfktljos pcr ho pcdhoelõk fsechor, sfok jcefktfs c ohugkcs, slkc dïsleogfktf pcr ho lktfrprftoelõ lktfrprftoelõk k quf moefk jf fhhos hos outcrljojfs hfilshotlvos y fbfeutlvos. Fk fstf sfktljc, ecgc mok gcstrojc hcs trodobcs jf Ufrilc Ehoujlkc 4 y Buhlo Gfheõk,5 poro ho Pfkçksuho Ldìrleo, ho lgphoktoelõk jf ho ifciroaço fk fh slstfgo fsechor auf torjço fk fh eosc jf ho fjueoelõk prlgorlo, pufs su aukelõk fro suglklstror eckcelglfktcs euhturohfs, fkelehcpìjlecs, o hos fhltfs icdfrkoktfs y o sus jfsefkjlfktfs. Fk fh eosc jf Fspoÿo ecrrfspckjço eck ho Fjueoelõk Prlgorlo Uupfrlcr, uk klvfh fjueotlvc eck ukcs ecktfkljcs quf o bulelc jf hcs hfilshojcrfs jfh Fstojc hldfroh jfelgckõklec ‘kc frok lkjlspfksodhfs poro hos ehosfs pcdrfs‗. Fs lktfrfsoktf cdsfrvor ho rfefpelõk jf fstf tlpc jf eckcelglfktc fk Ldfrcogìrleo, fk fh prcefsc jf lkjfpfkjfkelo jf hos gftrõpchls ldìrleos. Fk fh eosc jf ho fjueoelõk fsechor vfkfzchoko, Bcsì O. Uoktloic sudroyo ho lkeljfkelo jf fstf tlpc jf ifciroaço, quf slk jujo fktrorço jf ho gokc jf hcs irupcs erlchhcs jcglkoktfs. jcgl koktfs. Osç, kcs moef vfr ho lgpcrtokelo quf mo tfkljc fk fh jfsorrchhc mlstõrlec jf ho ifciroaço fsechor vfkfzchoko ho fksfÿokzo o trovìs jf eufstlckorlcs, ecgc auf fh ‘Eo‘ Eotfelsgc jf ho Ifciroaço jf Qfkfzufho poro fh usc jf hos fseufhos prlgorlos (?=:?), prlgorlos (?=:?), rfjoetojc pcr Oiustçk Ecjozzl, ^qufW rfprfsfktõ uko fvljfkelo eckerfto jf ho kfefsljoj fxlstfktf ^...W jf prcpckfr uko fksfÿokzo jf ho Ifciroaço koelckoh, poro ecktrorrfstor hcs ecgpfkjlcs fkvlojcs jfsjf Furcpo‗.: Ulk fgdoric, ecgc fxphleo Bovlfr Eostoÿfjo, poro Gìxlec, ho fksfÿokzo jf ho Ifciroaço fro prcaukjogfktf gfgcrçstleo. ‘Jfsjf ho Echcklo, ho Lihfslo tuvc fh

  Ucdrf ho tfsls jcetcroh jf Ufrilc Ehoujlkc (400?), pufjf fkecktrorsf fkecktrorsf uk rfsugfk y ecgfktorlc fk2 ]. G. Ucutc Ickzïhfz, ‘Ecÿfefgfktc xfcirïalec f euhturo fsechor‗, fk Dldhlc5w  Dldhlc5w.. Tfvlsto dldhlirïaleo jf Ifciroaço y Elfkelos Ucelohfs2 www. ud.fs/ifcerlt/d5w-59