Sorgo Coletanea de Receitas

 

Gaprgsh Orhsecgerh `g ^gsquesh Hkdpgfuèreh  Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc  Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd V drkd Aeleståred `h Hkefuctrh, ^gfuèreh g Hohstgfeagltd

 88

Vdrkd= Vdrk Vdrkd= d= fgrghc d= fgrghc hlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgst hc oga oga hthc  hthc Vdrk  

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

 Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh Xugerdz Igrhl`h Frestelh Gstgvgs Gs tgvgs `g Dcevgerh Fáfgrd Ogsgrh `g Aglgzgs  Mdså Hvgceld `ds `ds Vhltds _d`rekgs

 

Vdrkd= fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghc hlfgsthc hlfgsthc oga oga hthc hthc Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl  fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

 

Ga prgsh Orhsecgerh Orhsecgerh `g ^^gsquesh gsquesh Hkdpgfuèreh  kdpgfuèreh Gaprgsh Gaorhph A Aecbd ecbd g Vdrkd  Vdrkd Vdrkd Aeleståred `h Hkefuctrh, kefuctrh, ^gfuèreh g Hohstgfeagltd  ohstgfeagltd

Vdrkd= fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghc hlfgsthc hlfgsthc oga oga hthc hthc Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl   fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

 Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh  Yhcåreh Yegerh Xugerdz Igrhl`h Frestelh Gstgvgs G stgvgs `g Dcevgerh  Fáfgrd Ogsgrh `g Aglgzgs  Mdså Hvgceld `ds Vhltds _d`rekgs _d`rekgs

 a or p Gaorhph  Orhsáceh, @I ?>?>   

 

Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd _d`. AK 0?0 Ja 07 Fhexh ^dsthc 878 FG^ 67;>8-5;> Vgtg Chkdhs, AK Idlg= (68) 6>?;-88>> www.gaorhph.or/aecbd-g-sdrkd www.gaorhph.or/ihcg-fdldsfd/shf Wle`h`gfdltgý`d rgspdlsèvgc pgcd g g`eëæd Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd

_gvesæd `g tgxtd  Hltdled Fchu`ed Fchu`ed `h Vecvh Oh Ohrrds rrds Ldrahcezhëæd oeocedkrèiefh _dsïlkgch Chfgr`h `g Fhstrd G`etdrhëæd gcgtrðlefh Aðlefh Hphrgfe`h `g Fhstrd Yhlgssh Iuzelhttd @hcc Hkldc Fhph Aðlefh Hphrgfe`h `g Fhstrd

Fdaetí Cdfhc `g ^uocefhë÷g ^uocefhë÷gs s ^rgse`gltg Ahreh Ahrth ^hstelh

Idtds `h Fhph Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh Xugerdz

Vgfrgtèreh-Gxgfutevh Gcglh Fbhrcdttg Chl`hu  Chl`hu 

8ª g`eëæd ^uocefhëæd `ekethc - ^@I (?>?>) (?>?>)  

Agaords  Hltdled Fchu`ed Fchu`ed `h Vecvh Ohrrd Ohrrds s Fcèu`eh Pgexgerh Kueahrægs, Aðlefh Ahtdsd Fhaphlbh, _dogrtd `ds Vhltds Prel`h`g g Ahreh Frestelh @ehs ^hgs _dsïlkg _dsïlkgch ch Chfgr`h `g Fhstrd Fhstrd   Pd`ds ds `ergetds rgsgrvh`ds.  H rgprd`uëæd rgprd`uëæd læd hut hutdrezh`h drezh`h `g `gsth sth puocefhëæd puocefhëæd,, ld td`d du ga phrtg fdlstetue vedchëæd `ds `ergetds hutdrhes (Cge l¾ 5.98>). @h`ds Eltgrlhfedlhes `g Fhthcdkhëæd lh ^uocefhëæ ^u ocefhëæd d (FE^) Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd

Vdrkd= fgrghc hlfgstrhc oga htuhc= fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda f da sdrkd eltgkrhc / Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh Xugerdz ... Zgt hc.Q. -- Orhsáceh, @I= Gaorhph, ?>?>. ?>?>. ^@I (90 p.) ec. fdcdr. EVOL 5;2-97-29>79-67-2 8. Vdrkbua oefdcdr . ?. Hceaglthëæd buahlh. 6. Lutreëæd. 0. Fucelèreh. 7. _gfgeth. E. Xugerdz, Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh. EE. Dcevgerh, Igrlhl`h Frestelh Gstgvgs `g. EEE. Aglgzgs, Fefgrd Ogsgrrh `g. EY. _d`rekugs, Mdså Hvgceld `ds Vhltds. Y. Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd.

F@@ (?8. g`.) 966.8;0

_dsïlkgch Chfgr`h `g Fhstrd ( F_O-9/?;05 F_O-9/?;05 )  )  

 © Gaorhph, Gaorhph, ?>?> 

 

 Hu  H  uutdrgs tdrgs

Yhcåreh Hphrgfe`h Yegerh Xugerdz Lutrefedlesth, `dutdrh ga ^rd`uëæd Ygkgthc, pgsquesh`drh `h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd, Vgtg Chkdhs, AK.. AK Igrlhl`h Frestelh Gstgvgs `g Dcevgerh Lutrefedlesth, `dutdrh ga Feílfeh g Pgfldcdkeh `g Hceagltds, prdigssdrh `d Fgltrd Wlevgrsetèred Wlh/Fhapus Vgtg Chkdhs, Vgtg Chkdhs, AK Fáfgrd Ogsgrrh `g Aglgzgs Glkglbgerd-hkrðldad, `dutdr ga Kglåtefh g Agcbdrhagltd `g ^chlths, pgsquesh`dr `h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd, Vgtg Chkdhs, AK.  Mdså Hvg  Mdså vgcel celdd `ds `ds Vh Vhltd ltdss _d`re _d`rekug kugss Glkglbgerd-hkrðldad, `dutdr ga Kglåtefh g Agcbdrhagltd `g ^chlths, pgsquesh`dr hpdsglth`d `h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd, Vgtg Chkdhs, AK.

 

 Hk  H  kkh`gfeagltds h`gfeagltds Î Iul`hëæd `g Haphrd î ^gsquesh `d Gsth`d `g Aelhs Kgrhes (Ihpgaek) g hd Fdlsgcbd Lhfedlhc `g @gsglvdcveagltd Fegltáiefd g Pgfldcökefd (FL^q), pgcd hpded ielhlfgerd pdr aged `g prdmgtds du odcshs `g Elefehëæd Fegltáiefh. Hd _hihgc `g Hrhýmd Aekugc g î Bgcegtg Cdpgs Fhrlgerd, tåflefds `h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd, pgcd huxáced ld prdfgsshagltd `ds kræds `g sdrkd g ld `gsglvdcveagltd `hs rgfgeths g pgcd hpded cdkástefd. Î Cufehlh `g Hvgcchr Hvgcchr Kdags _d`rek _d`rekugs, ugs, Yeláfeus Ph`gu `h Ygekh Fdrrgeh, Fdrrgeh, Xugcg Frestelh Fr estelh Pgexgerh g Ahreh Ahreh Fgfeceh Vecvh @elez pgch fdltreoueëæd fdltreoueëæd ld `gsglvdcveagltd `g hckuahs rgfgeths prgsgltgs lgsth puocefhëæd. puocefhëæd. H td`ds ds qug `g hckuah idrah fdltreouárha phrh h puocefhëæd `gstg cevrd.

 

 Hp  H  pprgsglthëæd rgsglthëæd

D huagltd prdkrgssevd `g fhsds `g `dglëh fgcáhfh g `gahes idrahs `g eltdcgrïlfeh hd kcýtgl tga rgsucth`d ga `gahl`h hsfgl`gltg pdr ldvds prd`utds, lutretevds g `g hcth quhce`h`g, qug sgmha esgltds `gssh prdtgálh, mè qug d trhthagltd phrh gchs fdlsestg lh gxfcusæd tdthc `d kcýtgl `h `egth. Gltrgthltd, ds prd`utds htuhcagltg gxestgltgs ld agrfh`d sæd, ga suh ahedreh, fdligffedlh`ds fda uah aesturh `g ihrelbhs pdufd lutretevhs g `g fustd gcgvh`d prg`espdl`d gssgs el`evá`uds h uah gsfhssgz `g prd`utds eltgkrhes fda prgëds hfgssávges. hfgssávges. G å lgssg fdltgxtd, fdltgxtd, qug d sdrkd `gspdlth fdad hctgrlhtevh tdthcagltg veèvgc g sgkurh phrh fdapgter fda ds `gahes fgrghes sga kcýtgl `espdlávges ld agrfh`d. Hcåa `essd, d sdrkd, qug å fdlse`grh`d ua kræd hlfgstrhc, tga sg tdrlh`d fh`h vgz ahes htuhc, pdes suhs prdpreg`h`gs iulfedlhes, prdvglegltgs prdvglegltgs `ds fdapdstds oedhtevds qug cbg fdligrga gcgvh`h fhphfe`h`g hltedxe`hltg, væd `g glfdltrd î frgsfgltg `gahl`h pdr elkrg`egltgs ahes shu`èvges g qug prdpdrfedlga cdlkgve`h`g. Hssea, h prgsgltg dorh –Vdrkd= fgrghc fgrghc hlfgstrhc oga htuhc - Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkrhc‑ tga fdad domgtevds hprgsglthr aåtd`ds `g dotglëæd `h ihrelbh `g sdrkd g prdpdr ?7 prgphrhë÷gs fucelèrehs tgsth`hs, gltrg `dfgs g shckh`hs, sga kcýtgl, utecezhl`d kræds g ihrelbh `g sdrkd. Hcåa `essd, td`hs hs rgfgeths fdltía uah iefbh ief bh fda hs elidrahë÷gs elidr ahë÷gs lutrefedlhes gxeke`hs pgch Hlvesh phrh qug d cgetdr pdssh hprdv hprdvgethr gethr agcbdr fh`h uah `gchs.  

Irg`grefd Dzhlhl Ahfbh`d @urægs

 

Fbgig-Kgrhc `h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd

 

Vuaèred Vuaèred Eltrd`uëæd............................................................................................................ ..>5 Dotglëæd `g ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd................................................ ............................88 Wtecezhëæd `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd.......................................................................................8? Hpgretevds sga kcýtgl `g sdrkd g fgodch...........................................................................86 Odcd `g sdrkd fda ohlhlh .............................................................. ........................... 87 Odcd `g sdrkd fda fgldurh..........................................................................................8; Odcd `g sdrkd fda fbdfdchtg........................................................................................85 Odcd `g iuoè fda sdrkd...............................................................................................?8 Odcd `g sdrkd fda phsshs g fdfd .................................................. ................................?6 Odcd `g sdrkd Ydvö Ah`hcglh.......................................................... Ah`hcglh........................... ............................................................. ..............................?7 ?7 Ordelbh ....................................?; Fburrds `g `g sdrkd.................................................................. sdrkd fda rgfbged `g `dfg `g cgetg..................................................................?5 Fddjegs `g sdrkd fda kdths `g fbdfdchtg .................................. .....................................68 Auiiels `g sdrkd fda ahëæ g kglkeorg............................................................................66 Auiiels `g sdrkd fda chrhlmh..................................................................... ..................67 Auiiel shckh`d `g sdrkd g hoöodrh............................................................. ....................6; Auiiels `g sdrkd fda ohlhlh .......................................................................................65 ^æd `g sdrkd tepd –irhlfís‑...........................................................................................08 æd `g sdrkd tepd –oeslhkuelbh‑.......................................................................................06 Xueog `g sdrkd............................. ...........................................................................07 Xueog vgkgthrehld `g sdrkd.............................. ...........................................................0; Xuefbg `g sdrkd fda qugemd.........................................................................................05 _essdcgs `g sdrkd.......................................................................................................78 Vhch`h fda kræds eltgkrhes `g sdrkd............................................................................... 76 Phoucg `g sdrkd........................................................................................................77 Pdrtelbhs `g sdrkd fda fgldurh.................................................... ...............................7; Pdrth `g ` g sdrkd `g ceque`eiefh`dr............................ ........................................................75 .......................................... ..............75 _gigrílfehs........ ............... .......................... ......................................................... ........................................................ ......................... ..98

 

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

5 5

Eltd`uëæd Eltd`uëæd D sdrkd (Vdrkbua oefdcdr  C.  C. Adglfb) å fdlse`grh`d ua fgrghc hlfgstrhc, ide `dagstefh`d phrh fdlsuad buahld g hleahc lh Èirefh, gltrg 6>>> g 7>>> hlds htrès g, pdstgredragltg, `eiul`e`d phrh h Ál`eh g h Fbelh (Bhlfdfj, ?>>>). @gs`g gltæd, tga se`d utecezh`d fdad ohsg hceaglthr `g aecb÷gs `g pgssdhs, prelfephcagltg, `h Èirefh gpægs, `h Èseh (Hieiy fusfuz gt hc., ?>88). Lgsshs rgke÷gs, d?>>7). sdrkd å ush`d ga `eigrgltgs prgphrhë÷gs, elfcuel`d aelkhus, g tdrtecbhs tdr tecbhs (Kdlzècgz, Ld Orhsec, h ahedr phrtg `h prd`uëæd `g sdrkd å `gstelh`h î hceaglthëæd hleahc, pdråa, lds ýcteads hlds, d usd `gcg lh hceaglthëæd buahlh vga huaglthl`d ga rhzæd `h krhl`g `gahl`h pdr prd`utds sga kcýtgl. Hcåa `essd, vèrehs vhlthkgls hkrdlðaefhs `d sdrkd (ohexd fustd `g prd`uëæd, rgsestílfeh rgsestílfeh î sgfh, hcth prd`uteve`h`g, gltrg dutrds ihtdrgs) g ds rgsucth`ds `g ` g pgsqueshs qug `gadlstrha ds oglgiáfeds `d fgrghc lh hceaglthëæd buahlh tía fdltreouá`d phrh d huagltd `h `gahl`h `d sdrkd phrh fdlsuad buahld (Hwejh: _ddlgy ?>>0: Hwejh gt hc., ?>>5: Xugerdz gt hc., ?>88: Ohrrds gt hc., ?>8?: Adrhgs gt hc., ?>8?). D vhcdr lutrefedlhc `d sdrkd vhreh auetd gltrg hs fuctevhrgs, pdråa, å sgagcbhltg hd `d aecbd. D hae`d å d prelfephc fdapdlgltg fd apdlgltg `d kræd, sgkue`d pgchs prdtgálhs, ds quhes sg fdlfgltrha, rgspgftevhagltg, ld gl`dspgrah gl`dspgr ah g ld kåragl. kår agl. Ga trhohcbd rghcezh`d lh Wlevgrse`h`g Ig`grhc `g Yeëdsh, fda detd fuctevhrgs `g sdrkd, vgreiefdu-sg vgreiefdu-sg qug d vhcdr glgrkåtefd tdthc `h ihrelbh ihrelb h `g sdrkd vhredu gltrg 605,2 g 69?,2 jfhc/8>>k, hs prdtgálhs vhrehrha gltrg 2,7% g 88,5;%, g ds cepá`eds, gltrg 8,?0% g 6,>;% (Ahrteld gt hc., ?>8?). @evgrsds trhohcbds tía `gadlstrh`d qug h ihrelbh `g sdrkd, pdr læd pdssuer kcýtgl, tga krhl`g pdtglfehc phrh suostetuer h ihrelbh `g trekd, gspgfehcagltg, ld prgphrd `g prd`utds hceagltáfeds `gstelh`ds hh phrter el`evá`uds fgcáhfds du tepd `g sglseoece`h`g h gssh prdtgálh. Hs ihrelbhs prd`uze`hs `g fuctevhrgs `g fda sdrkdhckua orhlfd hprgsgltha fdcdrhëæd fchrh g tía shodr suhvg. ^dr essd, læd fhusha eaphftd lgkhtevd lhs fdrgs g lds shodrgs `hs prgphrhë÷gs (Fehffe gt hc., ?>>;). Hcåa `essd, d sdrkd hprgsglth-sg fdad uah hctgrlhtevh hd fdlsuad fd lsuad `g fgrghes fdlvglfedlhes, ga iulëæd `h gcgvh`h fdlfgltrhëæd `g fdapdstds oedhtevds, fdad thlelds, èfe`ds iglöcefds, hltdfehlelhs, hae`d rgsestgltg, gltrg dutrds, fhphzgs `g higthr sekleiefhtevhagltg h shý`g buahlh (Hwejh: (H wejh: _ddlgy, _ddlgy, ?>>0). D huagltd `hs `dglëhs frðlefhs læd trhlsaessávges trhlsaess ávges (@FLP) rgchfedlh`hs î aè lutreëæd `gahl`h h gxpcdrhëæd `g idltgs hctgrlhtevhs phrh h hqueseëæd `g bèoetds hceaglthrgs shu`èvges. `g hceagltds qug fdltglbha fdlfgltrhë÷gs fdapdstds oedhtevds g D `g fdlsuad ieorh hceaglthr å fdrrgchfedlh`d fdr rgchfedlh`d fda oglgiáfeds î shý`g sekleiefhltgs (Ihrrhr gt hc.,`g?>>2).

 

 8>  

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Lgssg fdltgxtd, h fhphfe`h`g hltedxe`hltg `ds fdapdstds iglöcefds prdvglegltgs prdvglegltgs `d sdrkd tga se`d fdaprdvh`h ga `evgrsds gstu`ds (H (Hwejh wejh gt hc., ?>>5: Adrhgs gt hc., ?>8?: Fhr`dsd gt hc., ?>8;: Adrhgs gt hc., ?>82), sgl`d qug d fdlsuad `gssg fgrghc pd`g gsthr hssdfeh`d î rg`uëæd `d resfd `g `dglëhs, fdad hs fhr`edvhsfuchrgs (Fhrr gt hc., ?>>7), d `ehogtgs (Chjsbae: Yeahch, 8559), h dogse`h`g (Hc-Ahahry gt hc., ?>>8) g d fïlfgr (Hwejh gt hc., ?>>5: Uhlk Uhlk gt hc., ?>>5, ?>8?). @ehltg `d gxpdstd, gxpd std, h Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd vga `gsglvdcvgl`d, `gsglvdcvgl`d, `gs`g ?>>;, ga phrfgreh fda `evgrshs elstetueë÷gs `g glseld, prdmgtds `g pgsqueshs veshl`d h elfdrpdrhëæd `d sdrkd lh hceaglthëæd `h pdpuchëæd orhsecgerh. Wa `ds domgtevds `gssgs prdmgtds å e`glteiefhr kglötepds `g sdrkd fda ahedrgs fdlfgltrhë÷gs `g fdapdstds oedhtevds g hvhcehr sgu pdtglfehc iulfedlhc ga glsheds, thltd el vetrd quhltd el vevd, fda hleahes `g chodrhtöred g buahlds. Ds rgsucth`ds `gssgs gstu`ds tía `gadlstrh`d `g ahlgerh pdsetevh qug h utecezhëæd `d sdrkd lh hceaglthëæd buahlh pd`g trhzgr oglgiáfeds î shý`g, pdes ds fdapdstds iglöcefds esdch`ds h phrter `gstg fgrghc pd`ga ad`uchr oglgiefhagltg ahrfh`drgs rgchfedlh`ds îs `dglëhs frðlefhs læd trhlsaessávges, fdad dogse`h`g, `ehogtgs, `escepe`gaeh, `dglëhs fhr`edvhsfuchrgs, fïlfgr g bepgrtglsæd (Adrhgs gt hc., ?>8?, ?>82: Hlulfehëæd gt hc., ?>82, ?>85: Hrogx gt hc., ?>82: Adrhgs gt hc., ?>8?, ?>82: Vdush gt hc., ?>82). Dutrd domgtevd `gssgs prdmgtds å `gsglvdcvgr ldvds ldvds prd`utds hceagltáfeds sga kcýtgl, kcýt gl, î ohsg `g kræds du `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd, g hvhcehr suh hfgethëæd, pdr aged `g tgstgs sglsdrehes. ^rd`utds fdad ohrrhs `g fgrghes, fddjegs, ahsshs hceagltáfehs, pægs, `dfgs, ogoe`hs, fgrghes ahtelhes g ihrelbh gxtrush`h, shch`hs, shckh`ds, gltrg dutrds, mè idrha `gsglvdcve`ds, tgsth`ds g hprdvh`ds. Ds rgsucth`ds `hs hvhcehë÷gs sglsdrehes `g hckuls `gssgs prd`utds p rd`utds sæd rgchth`ds h sgkuer. H ohrrh `g fgrghes fda pepdfh `g sdrkd ide ua `ds preagerds prd`utds `gsglvdcve`ds. H hlècesg sglsdrehc, pdr aged `g tgstg higtevd `g ` g hfgethëæd, fdaprdvdu fdaprdvdu 8>>% `g hfgethëæd ga rgchëæd hds htreoutds `g hphrílfeh g shodr shodr,, g ahes `g 5>% quhltd î fdr g î tgxturh (Xugerdz gt hc., ?>>2). Dutrds `des prd`utds `gsglvdcve`ds pgch Gaorhph idrha ds fddjegs `g sdrkd fda hagl`dea g d odcd `g sdrkd fda ohlhlh. H hfgethëæd `ds fddjegs ide `g 5?% phrh ds htreoutds shodr g hrdah, 29% phrh h tgxturh g 2?% 2? % phrh fdr (Kdlëhcvgs gt hc., ?>8>). Mè d odcd ide hssea hfgetd pgcd pýocefd tgsth`d= 22% phrh shodr, hrdah g tgxturh, g ;7% phrh fdr (Xugerdz gt hc., ?>8>). Fburrds esgltds `g kcýtgl fda 8>>% `g suostetueëæd `hs ihrelbhs `g trekd pdr ihrelbhs `g sdrkd fda thleld g sga thleld idrha `gsglvdcve`ds g hprgsglthrha hcth hfgethoece`h`g (20,7%57,7%) phrh td`ds ds htreoutds sglsdrehes hvhceh`ds (Fdrrgeh gt hc., ?>89).

 

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

 88 88

 H hfgethoece`h`g `g trís odcds `egtåtefds `g idrauchë÷gs e`íltefhs, igetds fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd (sga kcýtgl), ihrelbh `g hrrdz (sga kcýtgl) g ihrelbh ihrelb h `g trekd (fda kcýtgl), ide tgsth`h (Vecvh gt hc., ?>89). D odcd î ohsg `g sdrkd ide sekleiefhtevhagltg prgigre`d ga rgchëæd hd `g trekd ga vèreds htreoutds g ekuhcagltg hfgetd ga rgchëæd hd prd`utd `g hrrdz, fda gxfgëæd `h hphrílfeh `d odcd `g sdrkd, qug ide fdlse`grh`h agcbdr. H eaprgssæd kcdohc `d prd`utd `g sdrkd dotgvg ál`efg `g hfgethoece`h`g `g fgrfh `g 2>%. @h agsah idrah, prd`utds gxtrush`ds, fdad fgrghes ahtelhes, thaoåa idrha `gsglvdcve`ds pgch Gaorhph Hkrdel`ýstreh `g Hceagltds g tgsth`ds pgch Wlevgrse`h`g Ig`grhc `g Yeëdsh g idrha ahes oga hfgetds qug d prd`utd fdlvglfedlhc igetd fda ihrelbh `g trekd (Hlulfehëæd gt hc., ?>8;). Idrauchë÷gs `g ahfhrræd sga kcýtgl igeths fda 8>>% `g ihrelbh ihr elbh `g sdrkd, 7>% `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd, 8>>% `g ihrelbh `g aecbd g 7>% `g ihrelbh `g aecbd idrha hvhceh`hs quhltd h fhrhftgrástefhs lutrefedlhes, tgfldcökefhs g sglsdrehes (^hevh gt hc., ?>87). D prd`utd gchodrh`d fda 8>>% `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd hprgsgltdu fdltgý`ds sekleiefhtevhagltg ahes hctds `g prdtgálhs, cepá`gds, felzhs, ieorhs g iglöcefds tdthes, ga fdaphrhëæd fda ds `gahes. H ahssh gchodrh`h ulefhagltg fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd hprgsgltdu odh od h hfgethoece`h`g gltrg el`evá`uds fgcáhfds. Ds rgsucth`ds suprhfeth`ds adstrha d krhl`g k rhl`g pdtglfehc `d sdrkd phrh prd`uëæd `g hceagltds sga kcýtgl fda quhce`h`g lutrefedlhc g fda pdsseoece`h`g `g fustd agldr qug ds prd`utds î ohsg `g dutrds fgrghes sga kcýtgl. Hssea, d prgsgltg cevrd tga fdad domgtevds hprgsglthr aåtd`ds `g dotglëæd `h ihrelbh `g sdrkd g prdpdr ?7 prgphrhë÷gs fucelèrehs tgsth`hs, gltrg `dfgs g shckh`hs, sga kcýtgl, utecezhl`d kræds g ihrelbh `g sdrkd.

Dotglëæd `h Dotglëæd `h ihrelbh ihrelbh eltgkhc eltgkhc `g `g sdrkd sdrkd

Aåtd`d 88 Aåtd`d

Ceaphr ds kræds `g sdrkd, rgterhl`d ds rgsá`uds fdad pg`rhs, phcbhs g elsgtds. Chvhr ds kræds ga èkuh pdtèvgc pdr trís vgzgs g `gexhr gsfdrrgr h èkuh. Gsphcbhr ds kræds ga uah hssh`gerh g fdcdfhr ga idrld hqugfe`d ad`grh`hagltg htå qug iequga fdapcgthagltg sgfds. Adgr ds kræds ceapds fda d pgrefhrpd (pgcg), ga adelbd gcåtrefd `g fhiå du ga aèquelh `g adgr fhrlg, hmusth`h phrh adhkga ielh. Ds kræds `g sdrkd pd`ga sgr adá`ds, thaoåa, ga adelbds pröpreds phrh kræds, fdad ds utecezh`ds phrh ihzgr iuoè `g aecbd du ihrelbh `g trekd. _gl`eagltd= 8 jk `g kræds idrlgfg hprdxeah`hagltg 5>> k `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd.

 

 8??

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Aåtd`d ?? Aåtd`d

Gsth å uah h`hpthëæd `d aåtd`d hprgsglth`d pdr Dcevgerh g Fhapds (8520). Ceaphr ds kræds `g sdrkd, rgterhl`d ds rgsá`uds fdad pg`rhs, phcbhs g elsgtds. Chvhr ds kræds ga èkuh pdtèvgc pdr trís vgzgs g fdcdfè-cds ga ua rgfepegltg fda èkuh lh prdpdrëæd `g 8 phrtg `g sdrkd phrh 0 phrtgs `g èkuh. @gexhr `g rgadcbd pdr trís `ehs, tgl`d d fue`h`d `g trdfhr h èkuhGsfdrrgr td`ds ds `ehs. h èkuh ld ielhc `d tgrfgerd `eh g adgr ds kræds ga aèquelh `g adgr fhrlg, prdfgssh`dr,, ceque`eiefh`dr, prdfgssh`dr ceque`eiefh`dr, pecæd du dutrd gquephagltd pröpred phrh adhkga. Gsphcbhr h ihrelbh dote`h ga uah hssh`gerh g `gexè-ch ` gexè-ch gxpdsth hd sdc htå sgfhr fdapcgthagltg. Kuhr`hr h ihrelbh ga vhsecbh thaph`h, ga cukhr sgfd. Fhsd prgierh d prd`utd ahes ield, pglgerhr h ihrelbh dote`h ga pglgerh ielh.

Wtecezhëæd `h Wtecezhëæd `h ihrelbh ihrelbh `g `g sdrkd sdrkd H ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd pd`grè sgr utecezh`h fdad elkrg`egltg prelfephc du ga aesturh fda dutrhs ihrelbhs, fdad h `g hrrdz du `g aecbd. ^d`g ^d`g sgr ush`h ld prgphrd `g `evgrsds prd`utds, fdad odcds, oesfdetds, ahsshs hceagltáfehs, ahsshs `g phlqugfhs, gltrg dutrds. Ld prgphrd `g pægs, h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd `gvgrè sgr utecezh`h hpglhs ga suostetueëæd phrfehc î ihrelbh `g trekd (fgrfh `g ?>%). Fhsd hs prgphrhë÷gs gchodrh`hs fda h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd suostetuha hpglhs phrfehcagltg h ihrelbh `g trekd `h rgfgeth drekelhc, gsshs læd pd`græd sgr fdlsuae`hs pdr fgcáhfds pdr fhush `d kcýtgl prgsgltg ld trekd. H sgkuer sæd hprgsglth`hs hckuahs rgfgeths sga kcýtgl utecezhl`d kræds du ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd.

 

 86 86

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

 Hpgretevds   pgretevds`g`gsdrkd sdr sdrkd kd ggfgodch fgodchsga sgakcýtgl  kkcýtgl cýtgl    s   g   r   r   d    P   h   l    e   r   h    A   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Ahltgekh fda shc Dvd `g khcelbh Fgodch rhch`h Vhc

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k 88> k 87 k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

07 k 7> k 7> k 7k

6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 ule`h`g ± ule`h`g aå`eh 8 fdcbgr `g fhiå

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 80 0

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr ihzgr

Aesturhr oga td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs sgfds. Ga sgkue`h hfrgsfglthr h ahltgekh, d dvd g h fgodch rhch`h, g hahsshr h aesturh fda hs aæds htå qug ds elkrg`egltgs iequga tdthcagltg hkrgkh`ds idrahl`d uah ahssh bdadkílgh. Idrahr aeleodcelbhs fda hs aæds, hfbhtè-chs cekgerhagltg g fdcdfhr ga hssh`gerh ulth`h fda ahltgekh. Vhcpefhr dråkhld g hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr fgrfh `g 87 h ?> aelutds du htå qug h ohsg `ds oesfdetelbds iequg `durh`h. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 9> aelehpgretevds `g ; k fh`h.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 79 k (2 ule`h`gs) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 806 jfhc 1 9>8 jM ;% Fhrode`rhtds ?? k ;% ^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

?,7 k 7,? k ?,; k >k 8,2 k 678 ak

6% 8>% 8?% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ ;% 87%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 87 87

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd `g Odcd `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda ohlhlh  ohlhlh   s   g   r   r   d    P   h   l    e   r   h    A   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Ohlhlh lhlefh ah`urh hahssh`h Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Ahltgekh fda shc Dvd `g khcelbh Fhlgch ga pö Oefhrodlhtd ga pö

Xuhlte`h`g 6?7 k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? g ± xáfhrhs `g fbè

0?0 k

2 ule`h`gs

69> k 07 k ?>> k 7k 87 k

? xáfhrhs `g fbè 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 0 ule`h`gs 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 89 9

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ohtgr d hëýfhr fda h ahltgekh htå dotgr uah aesturh frgadsh. Ga sgkue`h, aesturhr ds dvds eltgerds. Hfrgsfglthr hs ohlhlhs hahssh`hs g h ihrelbh eltgkrhc eltgk rhc `g sdrkd. Aesturhr oga g `gspgmhr `gsp gmhr ga uah hssh`gerh prgvehagltg ulth`h fda ahltgekh. Hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F). _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg ?> ihtehs `g 9> k. k.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 9> k (8 ihteh aå`eh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

805 jfhc 1 9?9 jM

;%

Fhrode`rhtds

?5 k

8>%

^rdtgálhs

?,5 k

0%

Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

?,; k 8,? k

7% 9%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,5 k

2%

?>0 ak

5%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 8; 8;

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd `g Odcd `g sdrk sdrkddd fda sdrk sdrkd fda fgldurh  fgldurh    z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg `h Ahssh  Ahssh  Fgldurh sga pgcg pefh`h Dvd `g khcelbh Hëýfhr fresthc Öcgd vgkgthc Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Vhc Elkrg`egltg `h fhc`h  fhc`h  Fbdfdchtg ga pö Hëýfhr fresthc Ahltgekh fda shc Cgetg eltgkrhc

Xuhlte`h`g 69> k 87> k ?;> k 82> ac 857 k 9> k 87 k Xuhlte`h`g ?0 k 6> k 87 k ?0> ac

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 6 ule`h`gs aå`ehs 6 ule`h`gs 8 g ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 g ± xáfhrhs `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 peth`h Ag`e`h fhsgerh 0 fdcbgrgs `g sdph ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 82 2

^rgphrd `d ^rgphrd `d odcd odcd

Ohtgr ds 0 preagerds elkrg`egltgs ld ceque`eiefh`dr htå iefhr uah aesturh oga bdadkílgh. @gspgmhr h ahssh dote`h ga uah tekgch g hfrgsfglthr ds `gahes elkrg`egltgs aesturhl`d oga. Prhlsigrer h ahssh phrh uah hssh`gerh ulth`h g hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> ¾F h ?>> ¾F) htå qug h supgriáfeg iequg fdrh`h. _gterhr d odcd `d idrld g hfrgsfglthr h fhc`h sdorg d odcd hel`h qugltg. q ugltg. Gspgrhr gsirehr g sgrver. sgrver. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs aå`ehs du ?> pgquglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 ihteh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 805 jfhc 1 9?9 jM ;% Fhrode`rhtds 85 k 9% ^rdtgálhs ?,> k 6% Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

;,; k 8,9 k >k 8,6 k 59 ak

80% ;% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ 7% 0%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 

 85 85

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd `g Odcd `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda fbdfdchtg fbdfdchtg    s   g   r   r   d    P   h   l    e   r   h    A   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh

Xuhlte`h`g ?9> k 77 k 82> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

Öcgd vgkgthc Cgetg du sufd `g iruth Dvd `g khcelbh Fbdfdchtg ga pö Igragltd quáaefd phrh odcd Vhc

5> aC ?0> aC 8>> k 07 k 87 k ?,7 k

± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè ? ule`h`gs ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 peth`h

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

?>  

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr Ohtgr ld ceque`eiefh`dr d öcgd, d cgetg, ds dvds dvds g d hëýfhr htå dotgr uah ahssh bdadkílgh. bd adkílgh. Hfrgsfglthr h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, d hae`d `g aecbd, d shc, d fbdfdchtg ga pö g d igragltd. igr agltd. Aesturhr oga g `gspgmhr ga idrah ulth`h fda öcgd du ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd. Cgvhr phrh hsshr ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> ¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr fgrfh `g 0> aelutds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs aå`ehs du ?> pgquglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 ihteh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 87> jfhc 1 96> jM 2% Fhrode`rhtds ?? k ;% ^rdtgálhs ?,; k 0% Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

7,2 k 8,? k >k 8,2 k 8?5 ak

88% 9% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ ;% 7%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

?8 ?8

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd `g Odcd `g ioè ioè fda fda sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Cgetg eltgkrhc Dvd `g khcelbh Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Öcgd vgkgthc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Iuoè

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k ?0> aC 87> aC 82> k 82> aC 87 k 86> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 6 ule`h`gs 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

 

???

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ohtgr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs elk rg`egltgs ld ceque`eiefh`dr. ceque`eiefh`dr. @gspgmhr h ahssh ga hssh`gerh ulth`h fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd. Hsshr ga idrld idrl d ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> (8 2> ¾F h ?>> ¾F). _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs aå`ehs du ?> pgquglhs. Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 ihteh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 807 jfhc 1 9>; jM ;% Fhrode`rhtds 89 k 7% ^rdtgálhs ?,6 k 6% Kdr`urhs tdthes 2,0 k 87% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs 8,9 k ;% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr >,2 k 6% Vö`ed 58 ak 0% (*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

?6 ?6

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd `g Odcd `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda phsshs phsshs gg fdfd fdfd   s   g   v   g    t   s    G   g    `   r   l   h   x   g    c    H   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Ahltgekh fda shc Kgah `g dvd `g khcelbh

Xuhlte`h`g 69> k 6> k 07 k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 ule`h`gs

Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Fdhcbh`h du edkurtg lhturhc eltgkrhc Fchrh `g dvd `g khcelbh ga lgvg Fhlgch ga pö Fdfd rhch`d Wvhs-phsshs Vhc

?9> k 88> k 87 k

? xáfhrhs `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

0>> k

? xáfhrhs `g fbè

5> k

6 ule`h`gs

9k 0> k ;> k

8 fdcbgr `g fhiå ± xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 peth`h

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

?0 0

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ohtgr oga ds trís preagerds pr eagerds elkrg`egltgs, ga uah ohtg`gerh `g ahsshs, ahss hs, htå idrahr ua frgag. Hfrgsfglthr ds `gahes elkrg`egltgs (gxfgtd hs fchrhs `g dvd) g fdlteluhr ohtgl`d htå qug h ahssh iequg oga bdadkílgh. @gspgmhr h ahssh ga uah tekgch, hfrgsfglthr hs fchrhs ga lgvg g agxgr `gcefh`hagltg, elfdrpdrhl`d-hs î ahssh. @gspgmhr h ahssh ga hssh`gerh ulth`h u lth`h fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh `gfdrh`h. sdrkd. Hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> ¾F h ?>> ¾F) htå qug h supgriáfeg iequg _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs aå`ehs du ?> pgquglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 ihteh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

800 jfhc 1 9>0 jM

;%

Fhrode`rhtds

?; k

5%

^rdtgálhs

?,9 k

0%

Kdr`urhs tdthes

6,? k

9%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

8,5 k

5%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,7 k

9%

8>6 ak

0%

Vö`ed

(*) %vhcdrgs Yhcdrgs`eèreds `eèredspd`ga `g rgigrílfeh fda du ohsgagldrgs ga uah`gpgl`gl`d `egth `g `d ?.>>> jfhc lgfgsse`h`gs du 2.0>> jM. glgrkåtefhs. Vgus sgr ahedrgs `gpgl`gl `g suhs glgrkåtefhs.

 

?7 ?7

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Odcd Odcd `g `g sdrkd sdrkd Ydvö Ydvö Ah`hcglh Ah`hcglh    s   g   r   r   d    P   h   l    e   r   h    A   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh

Xuhlte`h`g ?9> k 77 k 82> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

Fhsthlbhs `d ^hrè pefh`hs Öcgd vgkgthc Cgetg eltgkrhc du sufd `g iruth Dvd `g khcelbh Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Vhc

;> k 5> aC

± xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè

?0> aC

8 xáfhrh `g fbè

8>> k 87 k ?,7 k

? ule`h`gs 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 peth`h

 

?9 9

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ohtgr ld ceque`eiefh`dr cequ e`eiefh`dr d öcgd, d cgetg, ds dvds g d hëýfhr hëýfhr.. Hfrgsfglthr h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, d hae`d `g aecbd, d shc, hs fhsthlbhs g d igragltd. Aesturhr oga g `gspgmhr ga idrah idr ah ulth`h fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd. Cgvhr phrh hsshr ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> ¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr fgrfh `g 0> aelutds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs aå`ehs du ?> ihtehs pgquglhs. pgq uglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 ihteh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 898 jfhc 1 9;9 jM ;% Fhrode`rhtds ?8 k ;% ^rdtgálhs ?,5 k 0% Kdr`urhs tdthes ;,; k 80% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs 8,9 k ;% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr 8,; k ;% Vö`ed 8?9 ak 7% (*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs.

.

 

?; ?;

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Ordelbh `g Ordelbh `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X    e   r   h    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Iåfuch `g ahl`edfh Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Vhc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Ahltgekh fda shc Cgetg eltgkrhc Dvd `g khcelbh Gr vh `dfg sgfh

Xuhlte`h`g ?9> k ??> k 9> k 6> k 07 k ?0> aC 8>> k h kdstd

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè ? xáfhrhs `g fbè 0 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 peth`h ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 xáfhrh `g fbè ? ule`h`gs

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

?2 2

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr Ga ua rgfepegltg, aesturhr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs sgfds. Hfrgsfglthr ds `gahes elkrg`egltgs, agxgl`d sgaprg htå qug h ahssh iequg tdthcagltg bdadkílgh. Glrdchr odcelbhs pgquglhs fda hs aæds g fdcdfhr ga hssh`gerhs cgvgagltg ulth`hs fda ahltgekh. ^elfgchr hs odcelbhs fda kgah `g g cgvhr hd idrld phrh hsshr ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F) htå qug hs ordelbhsdvd iequga `durh`hs. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 0> ordelbhs `g ?0 k. k.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 02 k (? ule`h`gs) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

8?8 jfhc 1 7>2 jM

9%

Fhrode`rhtds

?8 k

;%

^rdtgálhs

?,7 k

Kdr`urhs tdthes

6,> k

9%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

8,7 k

;%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,7 k

9%

?89 ak

5%

Vö`ed

6%

(*) Yhcdrgs`eèreds `eèredspd`ga `g rgigrílfeh fda du ohsgagldrgs ga uah`gpgl`gl`d `egth `g `d ?.>>> jfhc lgfgsse`h`gs du 2.0>> jM. glgrkåtefhs. Vgus%vhcdrgs sgr ahedrgs `gpgl`gl `g suhs glgrkåtefhs.

 

?5 ?5

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Fburds `g Fburds `g sdrkd sdrk sdrkdd fda sdrkd fda rgfbged rgfbged `g `g `dfg `dfg `g `g cgetg cgetg   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Èkuh Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Dvd `g khcelbh Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Ahltgekh fda shc Vhc Öcgd phrh irethr Aesturh `g hëýfhr rgielh`d g fhlgch @dfg `g cgetg ga phsth

Xuhlte`h`g 7>> aC 65> k 7> k 7> k 07 k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? ³ xáfhrh `g fbè 6 xáfhrhs `g fbè 8 ule`h`g ³ xáfhrh `g fbè 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 peth`h d lgfgssèred d lgfgssèred d lgfgssèred

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 6>  

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ga uah phlgch, fdcdfhr h èkuh, d hëýfhr, hëýfhr, d shc g h ahltgekh g cgvhr hd idkd orhl`d. H`efedlhr hds pdufds h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, agxgl`d sga phrhr, phrhr, htå qug h ahssh sg `gsprgl`h `gsp rgl`h `d iul`d `h phlgch. Fdcdfhr h ahssh ga uah supgriáfeg cesh, ceaph g ulth`h fda ahltgekh, hfrgsfglthr d dvd g aesturhr oga htå qug iequg uah ahssh tdthcagltg td thcagltg bdadkílgh. @gexhr h ahssh gsirehr gsir ehr,, ahs læd hdupdltd `g hfgssöred rgssgfhr. pröpred rgssgfhr. Fdcdfhrphrh h ahssh ga shfd `g fdligetgerd fda d oefd ga idrahtd idr ahtd `g pethlkh, ga ua adc`hr fburrds . Irethr ds fburrds ga öcgd qugltg. Hpös ireturh, fdcdfè-cds ga phpgc hosdrvgltg phrh rgterhr d gxfgssd `g öcgd g phssè-cds lh aesturh `g hëýfhr fda fhlgch. _gfbghr ds fburrds fda `dfg `g cgetg, fbdfdchtg du fda dutrd rgfbged h kdstd. Dos.= D thahlbd `ds fburrds fbur rds pd`g vhrehr, vhrehr, pd`g-sg ihzgr ld thahlbd fdlvglfedlhc du h vgrsæd aele. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 69 aelefburrds.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 87 k (? ule`h`gs) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

8?5 jfhc 1 70? jM

;%

Fhrode`rhtds

8> k

6%

^rdtgálhs

0,> k

7%

Kdr`urhs tdthes

2,6 k

87%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

L@

L@

Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr

L@ >,> k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ >%

Vö`ed

9; ak

6%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs. L@ 1 læd `gtgraelh`d.

 

 68 68

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Fddjegs `g Fddjegs `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda kdths kdths `g `g fbdfdchtg fbdfdchtg   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e    å    c   r   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Hëýfhr fresthc, `gagrhrh du ahsfhvd Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Kdths `g fbdfdchtg Ahltgekh fda shc Dvd `g khcelbh

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k 88> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

5> k

± xáfhrh `g fbè

87 k ?> k 9> k 7> k

8 fdcbgr `g sdph ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 0 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 ule`h`g

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 6??

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Aesturhr oga td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs sgfds. Ga sgkue`h, hfrgsfglthr h ahltgekh g d dvd g hahsshr h aesturh fda hs aæds htå qug ds elkrg`egltgs iequga tdthcagltg hkrgkh`ds, idrahl`d uah ahssh bdadkílgh. Idrahr odcelbhs fda hs aæds, hfbhtè-chs cekgerhagltg g fdcdfhr ga hssh`gerh ulth`h fda ahltgekh. Hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr 87 h ?> aelutds du htå qug h ohsg `ds fddjegs iequg `durh`h. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 7> fddjegs pgquglds.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 69 k (0 ule`h`gs) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

86> jfhc 1 709 jM

;%

Fhrode`rhtds

?? k

;%

^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes

8,9 k 0,> k

?% ;%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

?,6 k

88%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,? k

7%

806 ak

9%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 

 66 66

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Aul `g Aul `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda ahëæ ahëæ gg kglkeorg kglkeorg   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Edkurtg lhturhc Èkuh Ahëæ fda fhsfh

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k 8;> k ?0> aC ?0> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 pdtg 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 6 ule`h`gs pgquglhs

Hëýfhr ahsfhvd Hëýfhr fresthc Dvd `g khcelbh Ahltgekh fda shc Hae`d `g aecbd Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Vhc Fhlgch ga pö

;7 k 5> k 7> k 6> k 0> k 87 k ?,7 k 7k

± xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 ule`h`g ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8/6 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph 8 peth`h 8 fdcbgr `g fbè

?k

8 fdcbgr `g fbè

_hsphs `g kglkeorg

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 60 0

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Be`rhthr h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd pdr 6> aelutds. Ohtgr h ahëæ, d dvd dvd g h ahltgekh ld ceque`eiefh`dr g h`efedlhr gssh aesturh î ihrelbh be`rhth`h. Hfrgsfglthr ds dutrds elkrg`egltgs g `gexhr d igragltd pdr ýctead. Gsphcbhr h ahssh lhs idraelbhs `g auiiels prgvehagltg ulth`hs fda ahltgekh du ahrkhrelh, g cgvhr phrh hsshr ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr 6> aelutds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 87 ule`h`gs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 9> k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

8?8 jfhc 1 7>2 jM

9%

Fhrode`rhtds

?6 k

2%

^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes

?,8 k ?,9 k

6% 7%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

8,0 k

9%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,; k

;%

8;0 ak

;%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 67 67

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Aul `g Aul `g sdrk sdrkddd fda sdrk sdrkd fda chrhlmh  chrhlmh    z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd D Övcgdd`vggkkghctehlcbh Chrhlmh eltgerh fda fhsfh g sga sgagltgs Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Vhc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k 88> k

Ag`e`h  8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

58>7>akc

± 6xáufhlre`h h``ggsfbè

2> k

8 ule`h`g

82>

8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 peth`h 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

87 k

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 69 9

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Fdrthr h chrhlmh fda fhsfh ga pg`hëds g rgterhr hs sgagltgs. Ohtgr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs ld ceque`eiefh`dr htå iefhr uah ahssh bdadkílgh. bdadkíl gh. @gspgmhr h ahssh ga idraelbhs idr aelbhs `g auiiels, prgvehagltg ulth`hs fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`hs fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, htå fdapcgthr ¼ `h fhphfe`h`g. Hsshr ga idrld prå-hqugfe`d h 82>¾F h ?>> ¾F pdr ?7 h 6> aelutds du htå ua phcetd sher ceapd du sgfd s gfd quhl`d d auiiel idr gspgth`d. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 87 ule`h`gs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 00 k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

802 jfhc 1 9?? jM

;%

Fhrode`rhtds

?? k

;%

^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes

?,8 k 9,? k

6% 88%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

8,> k

7%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

>,5 k

0%

869 ak

9%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 6; 6;

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Aul shckh`d Aul shckh`d `g `g sdrkd sdrkd gg hoöodrh  hoöodrh   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

Dvd `g khcelbh @gltg `g hcbd fru Öcgd vgkgthc Hoöodrh fdze`h Fgodch fruh ^eagltæd fru Vhc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö

8>> k 6k 6> aC 2> k 7> k 07 k 7k ?> k

? ule`h`gs 8 ule`h`g ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 ule`h`g pgquglh ± ule`h`g aå`eh 8 fdcbgr `g fbè ? fdcbgrgs `g fbè

Dråkhld sgfd Èkuh

8k ?> aC

8 peth`h 8 ± fdcbgr `g sdph

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 62 2

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr Ohtgr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs ld ceque`eiefh`dr htå iefhr uah ahssh bdadkílgh. @gspgmhr h ahssh ga idraelbhs `g auiiels, prgvehagltg ulth`hs fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`hs fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, htå fdapcgthr ¼ `h fhphfe`h`g. Hsshr ga idrld idr ld prå-hqugfe`d ga 82>¾F h ?>>¾F pdr pd r ?7 h 6> aelutds, aelutd s, du htå d phcetd sher ceapd quhl`d q uhl`d d auiiel idr gspgth`d. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 2 ule`h`gs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 9> k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

% Y@ (*)

882 jfhc 1 059 jM

9%

Fhrode`rhtds

80 k

7%

^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes

6,2 k 7,7 k

7% 8>%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

>,5 k

0%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

?,0 k

8>%

066 ak

82%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 65 65

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Auls `g Auls `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda ohlhlh  ohlhlh    z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e    å   r    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

D @gvldt`g g`kghhccebldbhfru Öcgd vgkgthc Hoöodrh fdze`h Fgodch fruh ^eagltæd fru Vhc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö

8>6>k k 6> aC 2> k 7> k 07 k 7k ?> k

?8 uullee``hh``ggs ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 ule`h`g pgquglh ± ule`h`g aå`eh 8 fdcbgr `g fbè ? fdcbgrgs `g fbè

Dråkhld sgfd Èkuh

8k ?> aC

8 peth`h 8 ± fdcbgr `g sdph

 

0>  

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Dpfedlhc= Wvhs-phsshs - ± xáfhrh `g fbè (;> k) Ldzgs pefh`hs - ± xáfhrh `g fbè (;> k)

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr Ohtgr ga ua ceque`eiefh`dr ds 0 preagerds elkrg`egltgs. @gspgmhr dote`hoga ga ua rgfepegltg h`gquh`d g hfrgsfglthr ds `gahes `ga hes elkrg`egltgs. Aesturhrh ahssh tu`d auetd g fdcdfhr fdcd fhr ga idraelbhs el`eve`uhes phrh auiiels, ulth`hs fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`hs fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd. Hsshr ga idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F (82>¾ F h ?>> ¾F) pdr p dr hprdxeah`hagltg 6> aelutds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> auiiels.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 07 k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 880 jfhc 1 0;5 jM 9% Fhrode`rhtds ?? k ;% ^rdtgálhs 8,7 k ?% Kdr`urhs tdthes 7,5 k 88% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs >,5 k 0% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr 8,8 k 0% Vö`ed 89? ak ;% (*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs.

.

 

08 08

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

^æd `g ^æd `g sdrkd sdrkd tepd tepd "hlfís" "hlfís"   z   d   r    e   g   u    X    e   h   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Iåfuch `g ahl`edfh Kdah xhlthlh Vhc Hëýfhr fresthc du `gagrhrh Èkuh adrlh (0> ¾F) Igragltd oedcökefd sgfd Ahltgekh sga shc Fchrh `g dvd `g khcelbh Yelhkrg `g ahëæ

Xuhlte`h`g (k) ?9> k 88> k 5k 8> k 6> k 69> ac 7k 6> k 5> k 87 ac

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 6 fdcbgrgs `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdorgagsh ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 8 ± xáfhrh `g fbè ± fdcbgr `g sdph ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 ule`h`gs 8 fdcbgr `g fbè

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

0??

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Aesturhr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs sgfds. Ga uah tekgch, ohtgr hs fchrhs cekgerhagltg. Hfrgsfglthr î aesturh d velhkrg, velhk rg, h ahltgekh, h èkuh g h fchrh `g dvd. @gexhr `gsfhlshr pdr 6 bdrhs bd rhs phrh qug h igraglthëæd dfdrrh. dfdr rh. Adc`hr pægzelbds tepd –pæd irhlfís‑ g fdcdfhr ga hssh`gerh ulth`h fda ahltgekh du ahrkhrelh g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc elt gkrhc `g sdrkd. Hsshr ga tgapgrhturh `g ?>> ¾F,   pdr hprdxeah`hagltg ?> aelutds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg ?> ule`h`gs `g ?7 k.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g ?7 k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd ;? jfhc 1 6>? jM 0% Fhrode`rhtds 86 k 0% ^rdtgálhs 8,2 k ?% Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

8,0 k >,; k >k 8,; k 885 ak

6% 6% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ ;% 7%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

06 06

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

^æd `g ^æd `g sdrkd sdrkd tepd tepd "oeslhkelbh" "oeslhkelbh"

  z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltgs  Elkrg`egltgs  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd

Xuhlte`h`g 97 k

Ag`e`h ± xáfhrh `g fbè

Iåfuch `g ohthth Iåfuch `g ahl`edfh Ihrelbh `g kræd `g oefd Igragltd oedcökefd sgfd Hëýfhr `gagrhrh Èkuh qugltg ^sycceua Yelhkrg `g ahëæ

6> k 0> k 6> k 7k 7k 8?> ac ;k ; ac

6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 0 fdcbgrgs `g sdph 6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph ± fdcbgr `g sdph 8 fdcbgr `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 ± fdcbgr `g sdph ± fdcbgr `g sdph

Öcgd vgkgthc Vhc Èkuh

?> k ?,7 k 8?> ac

? fdcbgrgs `g sdph ± fdcbgr `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

00 0

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Be`rhthr h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd ga 2> aC `g èkuh qugltg pdr 6> aelutds. ^hrh h pråigraglthëæd, aesturhr ± xáfhrh `g èkuh hd igragltd igr agltd oedcökefd g hëýfhr. hëýfhr. @gexhr `gsfhlshr pdr 87 aelutds phrh hëæd `d igragltd. Ga uah tekgch, aesturhr hs `gahes ihrelbhs fda h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd g rgsgrvhr. rgsgrvhr. Lh ohtg`gerh, h`efedlhr d psyceua î aesturh prå-igraglth`h htå elfdrpdrhëæd tdthc. Fda hhfrgsfglthr ohtg`gerh cekh`h hfrgsfglthr , hds pdufds, agth`g `hs ihrelbhs. Ga sgkue`h, d velhkrg velhkga rgvgcdfe`h`g `g ahëæ, d ohexh, öcgd ghfrgsfglthr, d shc. s hc. H`efedlhr d rgsthltg `h aesturh `g ihrelbhs g ohtgr oga htå verhr uah ahssh cesh g bdadkílgh. Vg lgfgssèred, hfrgsfglthr èkuh hds pdufds htå `hr d pdltd. Wlthr hs aæds fda ua pdufd `g öcgd g glrdchr h ahssh ld idrahtd `g pgquglds pægzelbds, tepd –oeslhkuelbhs‑ fdcdfhl`d-ds ga uah hssh`gerh pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc eltgk rhc `g sdrkd, `gexhl`d gsphëd gltrg ua g dutrd phrh frgsfeagltd `ds pægs (igraglthëæd). @gexhr frgsfgr (igraglthr) pdr 07 aelutds htå `dorhr ` dorhr `g vdcuag. Hltgs `g cgvhr hd idrld, idrl d, pelfgchr fda kgah ohte`h fda èkuh. ^rå-hqugfgr d idrld h ?6> ¾F pdr 87 aelutds g `eaeluer phrh 82> ¾F. Fdcdfhr ds pægzelbds g hsshr pdr 6> h 7> 7 > aelutds, htå qug iequga `durh`ds. `du rh`ds. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> oeslhkuelbhs `g ?> k. Dos.= Gssh ahssh thaoåa pd`g sgr ush`h u sh`h phrh ihzgr pezzh `g sdrkd.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g ?> k (8 ule`h`g) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 802 jfhc 1 9??jM ;% F ^rhdrtogdále`hrshtds Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

6?,0? kk 0,7 k >,7 k >k 6,0 k 885 ak

20% % 2% ?% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ 80% 7%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

07 07

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Xueog `g Xueog `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d    e   g   r   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Kræds `g sdrkd

Xuhlte`h`g 8;> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

Fhrlg `g odvelh adá`h Ahltgekh fda shc Vhc Bdrtgcæ irgsfh Fgodch fruh ohte`h

7>> k 87 k h kdstd h kdstd h kdstd

? xáfhrhs `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

09 9

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Fdcdfhr ds kræds `g sdrkd phrh fdzelbhr ga `des cetrds `g èkuh, ga phlgch `g prgssæd pdr 0> aelutds. Gsfdrrgr h èkuh ga uah pglgerh g treturhr krdssgerhagltg ds d s kræds ga ua prdfgssh`dr, prdfgssh`dr, `g ad`d qug hel`h iequga pg`hfelbds pgquglds. Aesturhr h ahssh fda h fhrlg adá`h, h ahltgekh, h fgodch ohte`h, d shc, g h bdrtgcæ. Hahsshr oga fda hs aæds htå qug iequg uah ahssh bdadkílgh g ierag. Xueog hssh`d= gsphcbhr h ahssh ga uah hssh`gerh ulth`h fda ahltgekh, rgkhr hzgetg `g dcevh pdr feah du pelfgchr ua pduquelbd `g ahltgekh. Cgvhr hd idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82>¾F h ?>> ¾F) pdr 0> aelutds. _gl`eagltd hssh`d= hprdxeah`hagltg 8.>>> krhahs (8 hssh`gerh fda ?> pg`hëds `g 7> k fh`h)

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 pg`hëd pg`hëd pgqugld pgqugld) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd

Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd 882 jfhc 1 059 jM

% Y@ (*) 9%

Fhrode`rhtds

;,7 k

6%

^rdtgálhs

2,7 k

88%

Kdr`urhs tdthes

9,? k

88%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

?,7 k

88%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

>,2 k 86> ak

6% 7%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs

  Xueog iretd= glrdchr odcelbhs du ad`gcg ld idrahtd `g queog, g irethr ga öcgd qugltg htå   iefhrga `durh`ds.   _gl`eagltd queog iretd= hprdxeah`hagltg 6> ule`h`gs.  

 

0; 0;

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Xueog vgkgthrehld Xueog vgkgthrehld `g `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Kræds `g sdrkd Ohthths elkcgshs fdze`hs g hahssh`hs (du Pdapurí htg sg`g a hoöodrh) sgagltgs pefh`d Fgodch fruh pefh`h Hcbd fru pefh`d Vhc Bdrtgcæ irgsfh

Xuhlte`h`g 8;> k 88> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè ? ule`h`gs aå`ehs

88> 5> kk 7> k 8> k 8> k h kdstd

8 xáfhrh 8 ule``g h`gfb) 8 ule`h`g ? `gltgs ? fdcbgrgs `g fbè

 

02 2

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Fdcdfhr ds kræds `g sdrkd phrh fdzelbhr ga `des cetrds `g èkuh, ga phlgch `g prgssæd pdr 0> aelutds. Gsfdrrgr h èkuh ga uah pglgerh g treturhr krdssgerhagltg ds d s kræds ga ua prdfgssh`dr, prdfgssh`dr, `g ad`d qug hel`h iequga pg`hfelbds pgquglds. Aesturhr hs ohthths elkcgshs hahssh`hs (du purí `g hoöodrh), d tdahtg g ds tgapgrds t gapgrds hd sdrkd prdfgssh`d. Gsphcbhr h ahssh ga uah hssh`gerh ulth`h ahltgekh, rgkhr hzgetg `g dcevh(82>¾F pdr feahh ?>> du pelfgchr pduquelbd Cgvhr hdfda idrld ga tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h ¾F) pdrua 0> aelutds htå`g qugahltgekh. iequg fdapcgthagltg hssh`d. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 70> k (8 hssh`gerh).

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 8>> k (8 pg`hëd aå`ed) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 868 jfhc 1 77> jM ;% Fhrode`rhtds ?2 k 5% ^rdtgálhs 0,; k 9% Kdr`urhs tdthes 8,6 k ?% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs >,> k >% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr ?,2 k 88% Vö`ed 00> ak 82% (*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

05 05

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Xuefbg `g Xuefbg `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda qugemd qugemd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Dvd `g khcelbh Ahltgekh fda shc du kdr`urh `g fdfd Vhc _gfbged Xugemd Aelhs rhch`d du dutrd `g sgu kdstd Dvd `g khcelbh Cgetg eltgkrhc Fbgerd vgr`g irgsfd Vhc

Xuhlte`h`g 86> k 77 k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè

7> k

8 ule`h`g

6> k

? fdcbgrgs `g sdph

7k

8 fdcbgr `g fhiå

6>> k

6 ³ xáfhrhs `g fbè

8>> k ?0> ac h kdstd h kdstd

? ule`h`gs 8 xáfhrh `g fbè

 

 7>  

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Aesturhr oga td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs sgfds. Ga sgkue`h, hfrgsfglthr h ahltgekh g d dvd g hahsshr h aesturh fda hs aæds htå qug ds elkrg`egltgs iequga tdthcagltg hkrgkh`ds, idrahl`d uah ahssh bdadkílgh. Cgvhr h ahssh î kgch`gerh pdr 6> aelutds a elutds fdogrth fdogr th fda pcèstefd-iecag. Luah vhsecbh, aesturhr d cgetg, d qugemd, h ahltgekh g ds dvds. _gsgrvhr. Horer h ahssh gaaelutds. uah idrah `g iul`d rgadvávgc `g ?> fa. Hsshr ga idrld idrl d aå`ed prå-hqugfe`d (82> ¾F) pdr 8> _gterhr h idrah `d idrld g hfrgsfglthr d rgfbged. Cgvè-cd ldvhagltg hd idrld fda tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h pdr 8> h 87 aelutds, htå qug h quefbg gstgmh fda h supgriáfeg `durh`h. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8> ihtehs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 5> k (8 ihteh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 6>> jfhc 1 8?9> jM 89% Fhrode`rhtds 7? k ??% ^rdtgálhs 89,9 k 8?% Kdr`urhs tdthes 80 k ?9% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs 8,0 k 9% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr 6,? k 8?% Vö`ed ?59 ak 8?%  

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 78 78

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

_essdcgs `g _essdcgs `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Ö Vhccgd `g kerhssdc _gfbged Fhrlg adá`h Hcbd fru pefh`d Fgodch fruh Fbgerd vgr`g irgsfd Vhc Èkuh

Xuhlte`h`g (k) 07> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 6 ± xáfhrhs `g fbè

?8>> kk

8 f?dfcbdgcbrg`rggssd`ogrsgdaphgsh

?7> k 6> k 7> k h kdstd h kdstd

8 xáfhrh `g fbè 6 `gltgs 8 ule`h`g pgquglh

8C

0 g ± xáfhrhs `g fbè

 

 7??

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr ihzgr (ahssh) (ahssh)

Fdcdfhr ga uah phlgch h èkuh, d shc, h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd g d öcgd g cgvhr hd idkd aå`ed. Agxgr sga phrhr pdr 8> aelutds aelut ds htå qug h ahssh ahss h sg `gsprgl`h `d iul`d `h phlgch. Yerhr h ahssh ga ua rgfepegltg, g fdorer fda phpgc hcuaáled g `gexhr lh kgch`gerh pdr hprdxeah`hagltg hp rdxeah`hagltg 6> aelutds. _gterhr, _gterhr, ulthr uah supgriáfeg fda ahltgekh du d u ahrkhrelh, horer h ahssh fda ua rdcd gd fdrthr `g ahssh (fhrlg fda h adá`h, odr`h `gaecbd, ua fdpd pgqugld. ld fgltrd `d krhl`g fárfucd rgfbgedds`gfárfucds su h prgigrílfeh suh irhlkd, qugemd Fdcdfhr gtf), pdråa, læd ga quhlte`h`g, phrh qug ds shckh`ds læd gstdurga. gstdu rga. Igfbhr Igfbhr ds ressdcgs. r essdcgs. Irethr ga öcgd oga qugltg g sgrver hel`h qugltg.

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr ihzgr (rgfbged) (rgfbged)

Fdcdfhr öcgd ga uah phlgch, hfrgsfglthr d hcbd g h fgodch g `gexhr htå `durhr `durhr.. Ga sgkue`h, hfrgsfglthr h fhrlg adá`h, d shc g d fbgerd vgr`g g `gexhr rgidkhr htå h fhrlg iefhr sdctelbh g fdze`h. Gspgrhr gsirehr hltgs `g ushr ld rgfbged `ds ressdcgs. Dos.= pd`g sgr rgfbgh`d thaoåa fda irhlkd `gsieh`d du qugemd q ugemd g prgsultd. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg ?> ule`h`gs pgquglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 0> k (? ule`h`gs) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 8>7 jfhc 1 008jM 7% Fhrode`rhtds 86 k 0% ^rdtgálhs 7,6 k ;% Kdr`urhs tdthes 6,7 k 9% Kdr`urhs shturh`hs >,5 k 0% Kdr`urhs trhls >k –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ Ieorh hceaglthr ?,0 k 8>% Vö`ed 890 ak ;% (*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 76 76

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Vhch`h fda Vhch`h fda kæds kæds eltgkhes eltgkhes `g `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Kræds eltgkrhes `g sdrkd Pdahtg-fgrgmh ^eagltæd vgr`g fru ^eagltæd hahrgcd fru Fgodch fruh Bdrtgcæ fruh Fhc`d `g ceaæd Hzgetg gxtrh verkga Vhc

Xuhlte`h`g 8;> k 80> k ;7 k ;7 k 5> k h kdstd 6> ac 6> ac h kdstd

Ag`e`h fhsgerh 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 ule`h`g pgquglh 8 ule`h`g ? fdcbgrgs `g sdph

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 70 0

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr Fdcdfhr ds kræds `g sdrkd phrh fdzelbhr ga `des cetrds `g èkuh, ga phlgch `g prgssæd, pdr 0> aelutds. Gsfdrrgr h èkuh ga uah pglgerh g gspgrhr ds kræds gsirehrga. Aesturhr ds kræds `g sdrkd fda ds `gahes elkrg`egltgs. Pgapgrhr fda d fhc`d `g ceaæd, d hzgetg g d shc. Cgvhr hd rgirekgrh`dr pdr fgrfh `g 6> h 9> 9 > aelutds hltgs `g sgrver sgr ver.. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg ;87 k.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 6> k (6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd ?; jfhc 1886 jM 8% Fhrode`rhtds 0,? k 8% ^rdtgálhs >,2 k 8% Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

8k >k >k >,9 k 60 ak

?% >% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ ?% 8%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.

 

 77 77

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Phoucg `g Phoucg `g sdrkd sdrkd   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Kræds `g sdrkd Pdahtg sga sgagltgs pefh`d ga fuoelbds Fgodch pefh`h ga fuoelbds

Xuhlte`h`g

Ag`e`h 

27 k

± xáfhrh `g fbè

5> k

8 ule`h`g

7> k

8 ule`h`g

Bdrtgcæ irgsfh

h kdstd

Fhc`d `g ceaæd

6> ac

8 ule`h`g

Hzgetg gxtrh verkga

6> ac

? fdcbgrgs `g sdph

Vhc

h kdstd

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 79 9

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Fdcdfhr ds kræds `g sdrkd phrh fdzelbhr ga ua cetrd `g èkuh, ga phlgch `g prgssæd, p rgssæd, pdr 0> aelutds. Gsfdrrgr h èkuh ga uah pglgerh g treturhr krdssgerhagltg ds d s kræds ga ua prdfgssh`dr, prdfgssh`dr, `g ad`d qug hel`h iequga pg`hfelbds pgquglds. p gquglds. Aesturhr d sdrkd fda d tdahtg, h fgodch, h bdrtgcæ, d fhc`d `g ceaæd, d hzgetg g d shc. Cgvhr Cgvhr hd rgirekgrh`dr pdr fgrfh `g 6> h 9> aelutds aelu tds hltgs `g sgrver sgrver.. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 65>k.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 6> k (6 fdcbgrgs `g sdph) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 05 jfhc 1 ?>9 jM 6% Fhrode`rhtds 9k ?% ^rdtgálhs 8,? k ?% Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

?,; k >,6 k >k >,9 k 5? ak

7% 8% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ ?% 0%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs. glgrkåtefhs.  

 

 7; 7;

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Pdrelbhs `g Pdrelbhs `g sdrkd sdrkd fda fda fgldurh  fgldurh   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg  Elkrg`egltg  Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd

Xuhlte`h`g ?9> k

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ? xáfhrhs `g fbè

Ö Fgcgldduvrghkgftrhuch Dvd `g khcelbh Hae`d `g aecbd Cgetg eltgkrhc Vhc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Xugemd phragsæd rhch`d

8822>> kk 87> k 2> k 66> aC 7k 87 k h kdstd

g fåb`èehs ? 8ulxeá`fhh`rhgs`a 6 ule`h`gs ¼ xáfhrh `g fbè 8 8/6 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g fbè 8 fdcbgr `g sdph

Dråkhld sgfd

h kdstd

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

 72 2

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Ohtgr ld ceque`eiefh`dr ds elkrg`egltgs fda agth`g `h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, rgsgrvhl`d d dråkhld, d shc, d igragltd g h dutrh agth`g `h ihrelbh. Prhlsigrer h ahssh phrh dutrd rgfepegltg g hfrgsfglthr d rgsthltg `h ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, d shc g d igragltd. Aesturhr oga g `gspgmhr h ahssh phstdsh ga idraelbhs `g gaph`h, prgvehagltg ulth`hs fda ahltgekh g pdcvecbh`hs fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd, du ga uah ua ahedr . _gfbghr irhlkd, prgsultdhg82> auëhrgch, du h kdstd. Ielhcezhr pdcvecbhl`d fdah hssh`gerh dråkhld hahedr. kdstd. Cgvhr hdfda Cgvhr idrld prå-hqugfe`d ¾F pdr hprdxeah`hagltg 07 aelutds, du htå `durhr pdr feah. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8.?>> k (hssh`gerh) du ?> tdrtelbhs pgquglhs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 7> k (8 tdrtelbh tdr telbh pgquglh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd % Y@ (*) Yhcdr glgrkåtefd 869 jfhc 17;8 jM ;% F ^rhdrtogdále`hrshtds Kdr`urhs tdthes Kdr`urhs shturh`hs Kdr`urhs trhls Ieorh hceaglthr Vö`ed

868kk 5k ?k >k 8,7 k 8;> ak

00% % 89% 5% –Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑ 9% ;%

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM. `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs.   Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d

 

 75 75

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

Pdrh `g Pdrh `g sdrkd sdrkd `g `g ceque`efh`dr  ceque`efh`dr   z   d   r    e   g   u    X   h    e   r    å    c   h    Y   =   d    t   d    I

Elkrg`egltg Ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd Hae`d `g aecbd Fgodch fruh Cgetg eltgkrhc Dvd `g khcelbh Xugemd phragsæd rhch`d Öcgd `g kerhssdc Igragltd quáaefd ga pö Vhc Hzgetdlh vgr`g ga fdlsgr vh Aecbd ga fdlsgr vh ^rgsultd sga fhph `g kdr`urh Dråkhld sgfd

Xuhlte`h`g (k) 97 k 77 k 7> k ?0> ac 7> k ?7 k 5> k 87 k h kdstd h kdstd h kdstd h kdstd h kdstd

Ag`e`h fhsgerh ± xáfhrh `g fbè ± xáfhrh `g fbè ± ule`h`g 8 xáfhrh `g fbè 8 ule`h`g 7 fdcbgrgs `g sdph ± xáfhrh `g fbè 8 fdcbgrgs `g sdph

 

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

9>  

Ad`d `g Ad`d `g ihzgr  ihzgr

Be`rhthr h ihrelbh `g sdrkd ld cgetg pdr `uhs bdrhs. ^efhr d prgsultd g hs hzgetdlhs ga pg`hëds pgquglds. Ohtgr td`ds ds elkrg`egltgs ld ceque`eiefh`dr ceque`eiefh`dr,, `gexhl`d phrh h`efedlhr pdr ýctead h hzgetdlh, d aecbd, d prgsultd g d igragltd. Aesturhr oga. Fdcdfhr ga uah idrah idr ah ulth`h g pdcvecbh`h fda ihrelbh eltgkrhc `g sdrkd g cgvhr hd idrld prå-hqugfe`d h 82>¾F pdr 6> aelutds. Dos.= D rgfbged pd`g sgr `g suh su h prgigrílfeh. _gl`eagltd= hprdxeah`hagltg 8.?>> k (hssh`gerh) du 87 ihtehs aå`ehs.

Elidrahëæd lutrefedlhc - pdrëæd `g 2> k (8 ihteh aå`eh) Xuhlte`h`g pdr pdrëæd Yhcdr glgrkåtefd Fhrode`rhtds

% Y@ (*)

802 jfhc 19?? jM

;%

8> k

6%

^rdtgálhs Kdr`urhs tdthes

0,2 k 8>,0 k

9% 85%

Kdr`urhs shturh`hs

8,9 k

8%

Kdr`urhs trhls

>k

–Y@ læd gsthogcgfe`d‑

Ieorh hceaglthr

8,9 k

8%

722 ak

?0,7%

Vö`ed

(*) % Yhcdrgs `eèreds `g rgigrílfeh fda ohsg ga uah `egth `g ?.>>> jfhc du 2.0>> jM.  

Vgus vhcdrgs `eèreds pd`ga sgr ahedrgs du agldrgs `gpgl`gl`d `gpgl`gl`d `g suhs lgfgsse`h`gs glgrkåtefhs.

 

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

98 98

_gigrílfehs _gigrílfehs  

HIEIU, H. G.-A. A. _.: GC-OGCP HIEIU, G C-OGCPHKE, HKE, B. V.: HO@ GC-VHCHA, GC- VHCHA, V. V . A.: DA_HL, DA _HL, H. H. Oedhvhechoecety di erdl, zelf, pbythtg pbythtg hl` pbythsg hftevety `urelk sdhjelk hl` kgraelhtedl di wbetg sdrkbua vhregtegs. ^CdV

DLG, v. 9, p. ?77-?8?, ?>88. HC-AHAH_U,, A.: ADCBHA, HC-AHAH_U AD CBHA, H.-B.: HO@WC[ HO@WC[HCE, H.-H.: HC-DOGE@E, H. El vevd ve vd giigfts gi igfts di `egthr `egthryy sdrkbua thllels dl rhooet `ekgstevg glzyags hl` aelgrhc hosdrptedl. Lutretedl _gsghrfb, v. ?8, l. 8>, p. 8656-80>8, ?>>8. HLWLFEHËÆD, ^. F.: FH_@DVD, C. `g A.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: AGLG]GV, F. O. `g: FH_YHCBD, F. [. ^. `g: VHLP―HLH, B. A. ^.: HCIGLHV, _. `g F. K. Fdlsuaptedl di h `relj fdlthelelk gxtru`g` sdrkbua rg`ufgs kcyfhgaef rgspdlsg di tbg suosgquglt aghc. Gurdpghl Mdurlhc di Lutretedl, v. 7;, l. 8, p. ?78-?7;, ?>82. HLWLFEHËÆD, ^. F.: FH_@DVD, C. `g A.:Y. KDAGV, M. Y. ^.: @GCCH CWFEH, F. A.: FH_YHCBD, F. [. ^. `g: KHC@GHLD, A. F.: XWGE_D], H. Y.: HCIGLHV, _. `g F. K.: AH_PELD, B. V. @.: ^ELBGE_D-VHLP―HLH, ^ELBGE_ D-VHLP―HLH, B. A. Fdaphrelk Fdaphrelk sdrkbua hl` wbght wbdcg krhel orghjihst fgrghcs= sglsdrehc hffgpthlfg hl` oedhftevg fdapdul` fdltglt. Idd` Fbgaestry, v. ??8, p. 520-525, ?>8;. HLWLFEHËÆD, ^. F.: FH_@DVD, C. `g A.: HCIGLHV, _. `g F. K.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: FH_YHCBD, F. [. ^. `g: AH_PELD, B. V. @.: ^ELBGE_D-VHLP―HLH, B. A. Gxtru`g` sdrkbua fdlsuaptedl hssdfehtg` wetb h fhcdref rgstreftg` `egt rg`ufgs od`y iht el dvgr wgekbt wgekbt agl= h rhl`daezg` fdltrdccg` trehc. Idd` _gsghrfb Eltgrlhtedlhc, v. 88>, p. 956-;>>, ?>85. H_OGR, ^. A.: AD_GE_H, A. G. `g F.: PDCG@D, _. F. C.: FH_@DVD, C. `g A.: ^ELBGE_DVHLP―HLH, B. A.: C. `ds H.:icdur CEFW_VE, C.:oefdcdr  FH_YHCBD, F. [.h`epdsety ^. `g: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: AH_PELD, B. V. @.OGLMHAEL, Gxtru`g` sdrkbua (Vdrkbua  C.) ad`uchtg  C.) hl` elichaahtedl el bekb iht `egt-el`ufg` dogsg rhts. Mdurlhc di Iulftedlhc Iulftedlhc Idd`s, v. 0?, p. 609-677, ?>82. H[EJH, M. A.: _DDLGU, _DDLGU, C. [. Vdrkbua pbytdfb pbytdfbgaefhcs gaefhcs hl` tbger tb ger pdtglteh p dtgltehcc hspgfts hspg fts dl d l buahl buah l bghctb. bgh ctb. ^bytdfbgaestry, v. 97, p. 8855-8??8, ?>>0. H[EJH, M. A.: UHLK, C.: O_D[LELK, M. @.: IH_HM, H. Fdaphrhtevg hltedxe`hlt, hlteprdceigrhtevg hl` pbhsg EE glzyag el`ufelk pdtgltehc di sdrkbua (Vdrkbua oefdcdr ) vhregtegs. C[P - Idd` Vfeglfg hl` Pgfbldcdky, v. 0?, l. 9, p. 8>08-8>09, ?>>5. OH__DV, I.:wetb H[EJH, H[EJH, A.:giigfts _DDLGU _DDLGU, [. sthrfb Eltgr hftedl Eltgrhftedl di thllels hl` dtbgr sdrkbua pbgldce pbgldcef f Idd` fdapdul`sI.: sthrfbM.hl` dl el, C. vetrd `ekgsteoecety `ekgsteoecety. . Mdurlhc di Hkrefucturhc hl` Fbgaestry, v. 9>, p. 889>5-8898;, ?>8?.

 

9??

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

FH_@DVD, C. `g A.: ^ELBGE_D, ^ELBGE_D, V. V.: AH_PELD, AH_PELD, B. V.: ^ELBGE_D-VHLP―HLH, ^ELBGE _D-VHLP―HLH, B. A. Vdrkbua Vd rkbua (Vdrkbua oefdcdr C.)= lutreglts, oedhftevg fdapdul`s, hl` pdtgltehc eaphft dl buahl bghctb. Fretefhc _gvegws el Idd` Vfeglfg hl` Lutretedl, v. 7;, l. ?, p. 6;?-65>, ?>8;. FH__,, P. ^.: FH__ ^.: [GCC [GCCG_, G_, F. C.: VFBC VFBCGKGC GKGC,, Y. C.: C. : FW^^GP FW ^^GPP P, V. C.: KW@G KW@G_EHL, _EHL, @. A.: MDBL MDBLVDL, VDL, J. _. Krhel sdrkbua cepe` gxtrhft rg`ufgs fbdcgstgrdc hosdrptedl hl` pchsah ldl-B@C fbdcgstgrdc fdlfgltrhtedl el bhastgrs. Pbg Mdurlhc di Lutretedl, v. 867, l. 5, p. ??69-??0>, ?>>7. FD_ _GEH, FD__GE H, Y. P. `h ` h Y.: ^HEY ^HEYH, H, F. C.: C .: XWGE XWGE_D], _D], Y. Y. H. Y.: VD VDWVH WVH,, H. ^. ^. `g: ` g: GC GC-FD -FD_HO _HO LGPD, M. E.: E .: AH_PELV, M. C. H. Hvhcehëæd sglsdrehc `g fburrds sga kcýtgl fda ihrelbh `g sdrkd fda g sga thleld. El= FDLK_GVVD LHFEDLHC @G AECBD G VD_KD, 68., ?>89, Ogltd Kdlëhcvgs. Aecbd g sdrkd= eldvhë÷gs, agrfh`ds g sgkurhlëh hceaglthr= hlhes. Vgtg Chkdhs= Hssdfehëæd Orhsecgerh `g Aecbd g Vdrkd, ?>89. FEHFFE, F.: AHEW_E, C.: FH^D_HVD, L.: OWFFE, F.: @GC KEW@EFG, C.: _EPH AHVVH_@D, @.: ^DLPEG_E, ^.: ^.: @E IDL]D ID L]D,, L.: OGHL, OGHL, V. _.: EDG_KG_, EDG_KG_ , O.: CDL@GE, A. Fgcehf Fgceh f `esghsg= `esg hsg= el vetrd hl` el vevd shigty hl` phchthoecety di wbght-irgg sdrkbua idd` prd`ufts. Fcelefhc Lutretedl, v. ?9, l. 9, p. ;55-2>7, ?>>;. IH__H_, M. C.: BH_PCG, @. J.: BH_K_DYG, M. C.: K_GGLV^HL, ^. H ldvgc lutrhfgutefhc prdpgrty di sgcgft sdrkbua (Vdrkbua oefdcdr ) orhls= elbeoetedl di prdtgel kcyfhtedl. ^bytdtbgrhpy _gsghrfb, v. ??, l. 2, p. 8>7?-8>79, ?>>2. KDLË HCYGV, H. F. H.: XWGE_D], KDLËHCYGV, XWGE_D] , Y. H.Y.: PH_@E H_@EL, L, I. I. @.: VDW]H, VDW] H, K. J. `g. Hfgethoec Hfgeth oece`h` e`h`gg sgl sglsdr sdrehc ehc `g oesfdetd tepd fddjeg gchodrh`d h phrter `h ihrelbh `g sdrkd sdrkd.. El= FDLK_GVVD FDLK_GVVD O_HVECGE_D @G FEÍLFEH G PGFLDCDKE PGFLDCDKEH H @G HCEAGLPDV, ??., ?>8>, ?> 8>, Vhcvh`dr. Feílfeh g tgfldcdkeh `g hceagltds= pdtglfehce`h`gs, `gshieds g eldvhë÷gs. Fhapelhs= VOFPH, ?>8>. p. 6>. KDL]ÈCG], H. M. ^. Vpgfehcty sdrkbuas el `ergft-gxphlsedl gxtrusedl. ?>>7. 8>6 p.Pbgses (Ahstgr di Vfeglfg el Idd` Vfeglfg hl` Pgfbldcdky) - Pgxhs H&A Wlevgrsety, Fdccgkg Vthtedl, ?>>7. BHLFDFJ, M. @. @. Yhcug di sdrkbua sd rkbua hl` sdrkbua s drkbua fd-prd`uf fd-prd`ufts ts el `egts idr cevgstdfj ce vgstdfj.. El= VAEPB, [.: I_G@G_EFJVDL, I_G@G_EFJ VDL, _. H. (G`.). (G`.) . Vdrkbua= drekel, bestdry, tgfbldcdky hl` prd`uftedl. Lgw Udrj= Mdbl [ecgy & Vdls, ?>>>. p. ;68-;78. ([ecgy Vgregs el Frdp Vfeglfg). CHJVBAE, J. O.: YEAHCH, Y. Bypdkcyfgaef Bypdkcyfgae f giigft gii gft di sgcgftg` sdrkbua rgfepgs. Lutretedl _gsghrfb,

 

Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

96 96

v. 89, l. 8>, p. 8978-8972, 8559. CD^GV, _. `g F. V. D.: CEAH, V. C. C. `g: VECYH, O. I. `h: PDCG@D, _. F. C.: AD_GE_H, A. G `g F.: HLWLFE HLW LFEHËÆ HËÆD D, ^. ^. F. `g: [HCPG_ [HCPG_,, G. G . B. B . A.: A .: FH_Y FH_YHCB HCBD D, F. [. ^. ^. `g: ` g: XWGE XWGE_D], _D], Y. Y. H. Y.: _E _EOGE OGE_D _D,, H. X.: AH_PELD, B. V. @. Gvhcuhtedl di tbg bghctb oglgiets di fdlsuaptedl di gxtru`g` thllel sdrkbua wetb uligragltg` prdoedtef aecj el el`eve`uhcs wetb fbrdlef f brdlef je`lgy `esghsg. Idd` _gsghrfb Eltgrlhtedlhc, v. 8>;, p. 9?5-962, Ahy ?>82. AH_PELD, B. V. @.: PDAH], ^. H.: AD_HGV, G. H.: FDLFGEËÆD, C. V. `h: DCEYGE_H, @. `h V.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: _D@_EKWGV, M. H. V.: ^E_D]E, A. _.: ^ELBGE_D VHLP―HLH, B. A.: _EOGE_D, V. A. _. Fbgaefhc fbhrhftgrezhtedl hl` sezg `estreoutedl di sdrkbua kgldtypgs idr buahl fdlsuaptedl. _gvesth `d Elstetutd H`dcid Cutz, v. ;8, l. ?, p. 66;-600, ?>8?. ADLPGE_D, M. O. _.: GVPGYGV, G. H. @egt^rd, vgrsæd 7.>= sestgah `g supdrtg î hvhcehëæd lutrefedlhc g prgsfreëæd `g `egths. Yeëdsh, AK= Hkrdaá`eh Vditwhrg, ?>>8. 8 F@-_DA AD_HGV, G. H.: LHPHC, @. E. K.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: VFBHIIG_P, _. G.: FGFDL, ^. _.: ^HWCH, ^. V. `g: OGLMHAEA, OGLMHAE A, C. `ds H.: _EOGE_D, _EOGE_D, V. A. _.: AH_PELD, AH_PELD, B. V. @. @. Vdrkbua kgldtypg ahy rg`ufg cdw-krh`g elichaahtdry rgspdlsg hl` dxe`htevg strgss hl` ahelthels mgmulua adrpbdcdky di rhts ig` h bypgrcepe`ef `egt. Idd` _gsghrfb Eltgrlhtedlhc, v. 05, p. 776-775, ?>8?. AD_HGV, G. H.: AH_ELGCE, _. `h V.: CGLXWEVPG, V. H.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: FHAH_KD, _. C.: OD_FJ, ^. ^. F.: FH_LGE_D, FH_LGE_D, G. A.: AH_ÖVPEFH AH_ÖVPE FH MÝLED_, MÝL ED_, A. _. [bdcg sdrkbua icdur eaprdvgs kcufdsg tdcgrhlfg, elsucel rgsesthlfg hl` prgsgrvg` phlfrghtef escgts iulftedl el dogsety `egt-el`ufg` rhts.  Mdurlhc di Iulftedlhc Iulftedlhc Idd`s, v. 07, p. 76>-70>, ?>82. ^HEYH, F. C.: XWGE_D], Y. H.Y.: KH_FE K H_FEH, H, A. H. Y. P.: _GEV _ GEV,, K. F. C. Vgls Vglsdry dry gvhcu gvhcuhted htedls ls di phst phsths hs prgphrg` irda sdrkbua hl` fdrl icdurs. El= VEA^ÖVED CHPELD HAG_EFHLD @G FEÍLFEH @G HCEAGLPDV, 88., ?>87, Fhapelhs. Feílfeh `g hceagltds= quhce`h`g `g ve`h g glvgcbgfeagltd shu`èvgc= ZrgsuadsQ. Fhapelhs= Wlefhap, ?>87. DCEYGE_H, I. A.: FHA^DV, _. D sdrkd lh hceaglthëæd buahlh. Ogcd Bdrezdltg= Gahtgr-AK, 8520. XWGE_D], Y. Y. H. Y.: FH_L FH_LGE_D GE_D,, B. B . C.: C .: YHVF HVFDLFG DLFGCDV, CDV, M. B.: _D@_EK _D@_EKWGV, WGV, M. H. V. Hlècesg sglsdrehc `g ua prdtötepd `g ohrrh `g fgrghes gchodrh`h fda pepdfh `g sdrkd. Vgtg Chkdhs= Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd, ?>>2. 2 p. (Gaorhph Aecbd g Vdrkd. Fdaulefh`d Påflefd, 890).

 

90 0

  drkd=fgrghc Vdrkd= fgrghchlfgsthc hlfgsthc hlfgsthcoga ogahtuhc  htuhc

XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: H__W@H, H. F.: _D@_EKW _D@ _EKWGV, GV, M. H. V.: V .: VFBHI V FBHIIG_P IG_P,, _. G.: VDW] VDW]H, H, K. J. `g. Hv Hvhcehëæd hcehëæd `h hfgethëæd sglsdrehc `g odcd eltgkrhc î ohsg `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd. El= FDLK_GVVD FDLK_GVVD O_HVECGE_D @G FEÍLFEH G PGFLDCDKEH @G HCEAGLPDV, ??., ?>8>, Vhcvh`dr. Feílfeh g tgfldcdkeh `g hceagltds= pdtglfehce`h`gs, `gshieds g eldvhë÷gs. Fhapelhs= VOFPH, ?>8>. p. 805. XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: AD_HGV, G. H.: VFBHIIG_P, _. G.: AD_GE_H, H. Y.: _EOGE_D, V. A. _.: AH_PELD, B. V. @. ^dtglfehc iulfedlhc g tgfldcdkeh `g prdfgsshagltd `d sdrkd ( Vdrkbua oefdcdr  (C.)  (C.) Adglfb), lh hceaglthëæd buahlh. _gvesth Orhsecgerh `g Aecbd g Vdrkd , v. 8>, l. 6, p. 82>-857, ?>88. VECYH, @. K. C.: ^HEYH, F. C.: IG__GE_H, @. F.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: _EOGE_D, C. B. K.: _D@_EKWGV, V. V. Hvhcehëæd sglsdrehc g iásefd quáaefh `g odcd `egtåtefd î ohsg `g ihrelbh `g sdrkd. El= FDLK_GVVD O_HVECGE_D @G FEÍLFEH G PGFLDCDKEH @G HCEAGLPDV, ?7.: FEK_ VGFPEDL 9 ELPG_LHPEDLHC PGFBLEFHC VUA^DVEWA, 8>., ?>89, Krhah`d. Hceaglthëæd= èrvdrg qug sustglth h ve`h= hlhes. Krhah`d= VOFPH _gkedlhc, ?>89. VDWVH, H. _. `g: AD_GE_H, A. G. `g F.: PDCG@D, _. F. C.: OGLMHAEL, C. `ds H.: XWGE_D], Y. H. Y.: YGCD YGCDVD, VD, A. ^.: ^.: _GEV, _ GEV, J. `g V.: AH_PELD, A H_PELD, B. V. @. Gxtru`g` Gxtr u`g` sdrk sdrkbua bua (Vdrkbua oefdcdr  C.)  C.) rg`ufgs agthodcef resj di bgphtef stghtdses el dogsg rhts fdlsuaelk h bekb iht `egt. Idd` _gsghrfb Eltgrlhtedlhc, v. 88?, p. 02-77, ?>82. UHLK, C.: O_D[LELK, O_D[LELK, M. @.: @.: H[EJH, H[EJH, M. A. Vdrkbua Vdrkbu a 6-`gdxyhltbdf 6-` gdxyhltbdfyhlels yhlels pdssgss strdlk pbhsg EE glzyag el`ufgr hftevety hl` fhlfgr fgcc krdwtb elbeoetedl prdpgrtegs. Mdurlhc di Hkrefucturhc hl` Idd` Fbgaestry, v. 7;, l. 7, p.8;5;-82>0, ?>>5. UHLK, C.: HCC_G@, J. I.: KGG_H, O.: HCC_G@, F. @.: H[EJH, M. A. Vdrkbua pbgldcefs `gadlstrhtg gstrdkglef hftedl hl` El`ufg hpdptdses el ldlahceklhlt fdcdldfytgs. Lutretedl hl` Fhlfgr, v. 90, l. 6, p. 085-0?;, ?>8?.

   

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Fdcgtïlgh `g rgfgeths sga kcýtgl fda sdrkd eltgkhc 

  s   g   z   g   l   g    A   g    `   h   r   r   g   s   g    O   d   r   g   f    á    F   =   d    t   d

D sdrkd, fgrghc utecezh`d lh hceaglthëæd buahlh prelfephcagltg ga phásgs `h Èirefh g `h Èseh, pdssue krhl`g Xueog `g sdrkd pdtglfehc phrh  prd`uëæd `g hceagltds Yhcåre hcårehh H. Yegerh Xugerdz, _hihgc `g Hrhýmd Aekugc sga kcýtgl fda quhce`h`g lutrefedlhc g Ad`d ihzgr= fda `g pdsseoece`h`g `g fustd agldr qug

ds0>prd`utds sga kcýtgl, usuhcagltg î sdrkd ohsg phrh dutrds utecezh`ds lh cetrds Fdcdfhr ds kræds Gsfdrrgr `g gapglgerh `des `g èkuh, ga phlgch `gdsprgssæd pdr aelutds. h`g èkuhfdzelbhr ga uahfgrghes g treturhr krdssgerhagltg kræds `g hceagltds. gael`ýstreh ua prdfgssh`dr, `g ad`d qug hel`h iequga pg`hfelbds pgquglds. Aesturhr h ahssh fda dh fhrlg fhr lg adá`h, h ahltgekh, h fgodch ohte`h, o hte`h, d shc, g h bdrtgcæ. Hahsshr oga o ga Hssea, cevrd –Vdrkd= fgrghc hlfgstrhc oga htuhchtå- qug fdcgtïlgh `gahssh rgfgeths sga g ierag. fda hs aæds iequg uah bdadkílgh kcýtgl fdagsphcbhr sdrkdh ahssh eltgkrhc‑ hprgsglth Xueog hssh`d= ga uah hssh`gerh `des aåtd`ds `g dotglëæd `g ihrelbh `g ulth`h fda ahltgekh, rgkhr hzgetg `g dcevh du pelfgchr ua pduquelbd `g ahltgekh. Cgvhr Cgvhr hd idrld ga sdrkd, hcåapdr hcåa `g feah ?7 prgphrhë÷gs fucelèrehs sga kcýtgl, î ohsg `g ihrelbh `g kræds tgapgrhturh ad`grh`h (82> h ?>>g¾F) pdr 0>`gaelutds. sdrkd, fda suhs hprdxeah`hagltg rgspgftevhs elidrahë÷gs _gl`eagltd hssh`d= hprd xeah`hagltg 8.>>> krhahs (8 hssh`gerh fda ?> pg`hëds `g lutrefedlhes. 7> k fh`h)    I

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