Solution Chapter 8

Chapter 8 Problem I 1. Input Measure - Percentage of Completion Method (Cost to Cost Method) 2008: Contract price P 1,800,000 Actual costs to date P 450,000 Estimated costs to 1,200,000 complete Total estimated project 1,650,000 costs Estimated total gross profit 150,000 Percentage of completion: P450,000 / P,1650,000 27.27% Gross profit recognized P 40,905 2009:

P 1,800,000

Contract price Costs incurred: 2008 2009

P 450,00 1,100,000

Total cost Total gross profit Recognized in 2008 Recognized in 2009 2. Input Measure - Cost Recovery Method 2008: (all costs not yet recovered) 2009: Contract price Costs incurred: 2008 2009 Total cost Total gross profit

1,550,000 250,000 40,905 P 209,095 P -01,800,00 P 450,000 1,100,000 1,550,000 P 250,000

Problem II 1. Input Measure - Percentage of Completion Method (Cost to cost Method) Years Gross Profit (or Loss) Supporting computations recognized 2008 P 2 million (P108 – 90) x (P30/P90) = P6 million 2009 ( P18 million) Total loss is (P108 –120) = (P12 million) To date, P6 million was recorded: therefore, (P12 million) – P6 million = (P18 million) in 2009 2010 P 10 million Total loss is P 108 – 110) = (P2 million) To date, (P 12 million was recorded: therefore, ( P2 million) – (P12 million) = P10 million in 2010

2. Input Measure - Cost Recovery Method Years Gross Profit (or Loss) Supporting computations 2008 P -0( P108 – 90) = P18 anticipated gross profit, so no need to recognized a gross loss 2009 (P 12 million) Total loss is ( P108 – 120) = (12 million) 2010 P 10 million Total loss is (P108- 110) – ( P2 million) To date, ( P12 million was recorded: therefore, ( P2 million) – ( P12 million) = P10 million in 2010 Problem III 1. Journal Entries a. Input Measure – Percentage of completion – (cost-to-cost method) The following analysis is to determine the percentage of completion: 20x3 Contract price: Initial amount of contract…………... Variation……………………………….. Total contract price…………………….. Costs incurred each year……………… Add: Costs incurred in prior years……. Actual costs incurred to date (1)…..… Add: Estimated costs to complete….. Total estimated costs (3)……..………… Estimated gross profit…………………… Percentage of completion (1) / (3)

P528,000 _______P528,000 P 126,048 _______P126,048 _358,752 P484,800 P 43,200 26%

20x4 P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 *P244,032 _126,048 *P370,080 _121,920 P492,000 P 48,000 **74%

20x5 P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 P121,920 _370,080 P492,000 _______P492,000 P 48,000 100%

* including the P7,200 additional costs in 20x4. ** it should be noted that the percentage of completion for 20x4 is calculated by deducting the P6,000 of materials held for the following period from the costs incurred up to that year end, i. e., P370,080 – P6,000 = P364,080, P364,080 / P492,000 = 74%.

The revenue, expenses (costs) and profit will be recognized in profit or loss as follows: 20x3 Revenue (P528,000 x 26%) Costs/Expenses (P484,800 x 26%) Gross Profit (P43,200 x 26%)

To date P 137,280 126,048 P 11,232

Recognized in prior years -

Recognized in current year P 137,280 126,048 P 11,232

20x4 Revenue (P540,000 x 74%) Costs/Expenses (P492,000 x 74%) Gross Profit (P48,000 x 74%)

To date P 399,600 _364,080 P 35,520

Recognized in prior years P 137,280 _126,048 P 11,232

Recognized in current year P 262,320 238,032 P 24,288

20x5 Revenue (P540,000 x 100%)

To date P 540,000

Recognized in prior years P 399,600

Recognized in current year P 140,400

Costs/Expenses (P492,000 x 100%) Gross Profit (P48,000 x 100%)

_492,000 P 48,000

_364,080 P 35,520

_127,920 P 12,480

Alternatively, the gross profit recognized each year may also be computed as follows: Contract price: Initial amount of contract…………....... Variation…………………………………… Total contract price………………………… Costs incurred each year…………………. Add: Costs incurred in prior years……….. Actual costs incurred to date (1)…..……. Add: Estimated costs to complete……… Total estimated costs (3)……..……………. Estimated gross profit……………………… Percentage of completion (1) / (3)……... Gross profit to date…………………………. Less: Gross profit in prior years……………. Gross profit in current year -% of completion Gross profit in current year –cost recovery method

20x3

20x4

P528,000 _______P528,000 P126,048 _______P126,048 _358,752 P484,800 P 43,200 ____26% P 11,232 _______P 11,232

P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 P240,032 _126,048 P370,080 _121,920 P492,000 P 48,000 ____74% P 35,520 ___11,232 P 24,288

P528,000 12,000 P540,000 P121,920 _370,080 P492,000 _______P492,000 P 48,000 ___100% P 48,000 __35,520 P 12,480

P

P

P 48,000

0

20x5

0

Following are the entries for the years 20x3 to 20x5: Percentage of Completion Method 20x3 1. To record costs incurred: Construction In Progress*………...... Materials Inventory………………….. Cash, payables, etc……………..

126,04 8

20x4 232,03 2

20x5 127,92 0

6,000 126,04 8

6,000 121,92 0

244,03 2

2. To record progress billings: Accounts receivable……………….. Progress billings*. ………………….

144,00 0

240,00 0 144,00 0

156,00 0 240,00 0

156,00 0

3. To record collections: Cash…………………………………..... Accounts receivable…………… 4. To recognize Revenue, Costs and Gross Profit: Construction Expenses……………… Construction in Progress*.. ……….... Revenue from Construction...... 5. To close Construction In Progress** and Progress Billings account: Progress billings………………………

120,00 0

228,00 0 120,00 0

126,04 8

192,00 0 228,00 0

238,03 2

11,232

127,92 0

24,288 137,28 0

192,00 0

12,480 262,32 0

140,40 0

540,00 0

Construction In Progress………. * The term “Contract account” may alternatively be used. ** If “Contract account” is used then no entry is required for No. 5.

540,00 0

b. Input Measure – Cost Recovery Method The following table shows the data needed for further analysis: 20x3 Contract price: Initial amount of contract…………... Variation……………………………….. Total contract price…………………….. Costs incurred each year……………… Add: Costs incurred in prior years……. Actual costs incurred to date……....… Add: Estimated costs to complete….. Total estimated costs ….……..…………

20x4

P528,000 _______P528,000 P126,048 _______P126,048 ____ _? P ?

20x5

P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 P244,032 _126,048 P370,080 ____ _? P ?

P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 P121,920 _370,080 P492,000 _______P492,000

The revenue, expenses (costs) and profit will be recognized in profit or loss as follows: 20x3 Revenue* Costs/Expenses Gross Profit * equivalent to costs incurred

To date P 126,048 126,048 P 0

Recognized in prior years -

Recognized in current year P 126,048 126,048 P 0

20x4 Revenue* Costs/Expenses Gross Profit * equivalent to costs incurred

To date P 364,080 _364,080 P 0

Recognized in prior years P 126,048 126,048 P 0

Recognized in current year P 238,032 238,032 P 0

20x5

To date

Recognized in prior years

Recognized in current year

Revenue (P540,000 x 100%)

P 540,000

P 364,080

_492,000

364,080

127,920

0

P 48,000

Costs/Expenses (P492,000 x 100%) Gross Profit (P48,000 x 100%)

P 48,000

P

P 175,200

Alternatively, the gross profit recognized each year may also be computed as follows: Contract price: Initial amount of contract…………....... Variation…………………………………… Total contract price………………………… Costs incurred each year…………………. Add: Costs incurred in prior years……….. Actual costs incurred to date ……...……. Add: Estimated costs to complete……… Total estimated costs …….…..……………. Estimated gross profit………………………. Percentage of completion……………….. Gross profit to date…………………………. Less: Gross profit in prior years……………. Gross profit in current year………………...

20x3

20x4

P528,000 _______P528,000 P 126,048 _______P 126,048 ____ _? P ? P 0 _ -___ P 0 _______P 0

P528,000 __12,000 P540,000 P244,032 _126,048 P370,080 ____ _? P ? P 0 _ -___ P 0 _______P 0

Following are the entries for the years 20x3 to 20x5:

20x5 P528,000 12,000 P540,000 P 121,920 _370,080 P492,000 _______P492,000 P 48,000 ___100% P 48,000 __ 0 P 48,000

20x3

20x4

20x5

1. To record costs incurred: Construction In Progress*………...... Materials Inventory………………….. Cash, payables, etc……………..

126,04 8

238,03 2

127,92 0

6,000 126,04 8

6,000 121,92 0

244,03 2

2. To record progress billings: Accounts receivable……………….. Progress billings*. ………………….

144,00 0

240,00 0 144,00 0

156,00 0 240,00 0

156,00 0

3. To record collections: Cash…………………………………..... Accounts receivable…………… 4. To recognize Revenue, Costs and Gross Profit: Construction Expenses……………… Construction in Progress*.. ……….... Revenue from Construction......

120,00 0

228,00 0 120,00 0

126,48 0

192,00 0 228,00 0

238,03 2

127,92 0 48,000

126,48 0

238,03 2

5. To close Construction In Progress** and Progress Billings account: Progress billings……………………… Construction In Progress………. * The term “Contract account” may alternatively be used. ** If “Contract account” is used then no entry is required for No. 5.

Current Liability: Payables (“Payments on Account”)

Progress billings……………………………… Less: Construction In Progress……………. Gross amount due to customers…………

Construction In Progress

20x3 P 24,000

20x4 P 36,000

540,00 0

20x5 P

P399,600 _384,000 P 15,600 P 6,000

P144,000 _137,280 P

175,92 0

540,00 0

2. Due from/Due to Customers a. Input Measure - Percentage of Completion Method Current Asset: Accounts receivable………………………. Other receivables: Construction In Progress………………… Less: Progress billings……………………. Gross amount due from customers…... Raw materials Inventory……………………

192,00 0

6,720

Progress Billings

-

20x3 CI 126,048 Pr 11,232

144,000 20x3

end of x3 137,280 20x4 CI 238,032 Pr 11,232

144,000 end of x3 240,000 20x4

end of x4 399,600 20x5 CI 127,920 Pr 12,480

384,000 end of x4 156,000 20x5

540,000

540,000

540,000

540,000

where: CI - cost incurred each year Pr - profit

b. Input Measure – Cost Recovery Method Current Asset: Accounts receivable………………………. Raw materials Inventory……………………

Current Liability: Payables (“Payments on Account”)

Progress billings……………………………… Less: Construction In Progress……………. Gross amount due to customers…………

20x3 P 24,000

20x4 P 36,000 P 6,000

P 137,280 _144,000

P384,000 _364,080

P

6,720

Construction In Progress

20x5 P

-

P 19,920

Progress Billings

20x3 CI 126,048 Pr 0

144,000 20x3

end of x3 126,048 20x4 CI 238,032 Pr 0

144,000 end of x3 240,000 20x4

end of x4 364,080 20x5 CI 127,920 Pr 48,000

384,000 end of x4 156,000 20x5

540,000

540,000

540,000

540,000

where: CI - cost incurred each year Pr - profit

3. Gross Profit a. Input Measure - Percentage of Completion Method (refer to requirement 1 for detailed computation) Revenue……………………………………… Less: Costs / Expenses……………………... Gross Profit…………………………………….

20x3 P 137,280 _126,048 P 11,232

20x4 P 262,320 _238,032

20x5 P 140,400 _127,920

P 24,288

P 12,480

b. Input Measure – Cost Recovery Method (refer to requirement 1 for detailed computation) Revenue……………………………………… Less: Costs / Expenses……………………... Gross Profit…………………………………….

20x3 P 126,048 _126,048 P 0

20x4 P 238,032 _238,032 P 0

20x5 P 175,920 _127,920 P 48,000

Problem IV 1. Anticipated/Gross Loss a. Input Measure – Percentage of Completion (Cost-to-Cost Method)

2008: Contract price Actual cost to date

P2,500,000 P1,500,00 0 1,200,000

Estimated costs to complete Total estimated project costs Estimated loss, recognized in 2008

2,700,000 P (200,000)

2009: Contract price Costs incurred:

P 2,500,000 In 2008 In 2008

Total cost Total loss Recognized in 2008 Recognized in 2009 Measure – Cost Recovery Method Loss in 20x4 Loss in 20x5

a. Input

P1,500,00 0 1,300,000 2,800,000 P (300,000) (200,000) P (100,000) P( 200,000) P (100,000)

2. Journal Entries a. Input Measure – Percentage of Completion (Cost-to-Cost Method)

2008: Construction in progress Various credits

1,500,000 1,500,000

Accounts receivable Billings on construction contract

1,200,000

Cash Accounts receivable

1,000,000

Cost of construction Construction in progress (loss) Revenue from long-term contracts* 2009: Construction in progress Various credits

1,588,889

Accounts receivable Billings on construction contract

1,300,000

Cash

1,500,000

Accounts receivable

Cost of construction Construction in progress (loss) Revenue from long-term contracts** Billings on construction contract Construction in progress (P1,500,000/P2,700,000) ** P2,500,000 1,388,889

1,200,000 1,000,000

1,300,000

200,000 1,388,889 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,500,000

1,211,111 100,000 1,111,111 2,500,000

2,500,000

*P2,500,000

Problem V Item to compute Total revenue recognized during 2009 (w): CIP contains cost + gross profit = revenue, so w = P50 Gross profit recognized during 2009 (x): P50 – P35 = P15 Billings on construction (y) : P14 + P 46 = P60 Net billings in excess of construction in progress (z): Billings of P60 – CIP of P50 Calculate the percentage of PAC that was completed during 2009: 50/150 = 33.33% Problem VI Item to compute Cash collected by KP on Cincy One during 2009. (P75 billings – P10 A/R) Actual costs incurred by KP on Cincy One during 2009 (P66 CIP – P22 gross pofit) At 12/31/2009, the estimated remaining costs to complete Cincy One (44/{44 + x})(300 – {44 + x}) = 22; x = 156

Answer P50 million P 15 million P60million P10 million 333.33% Answer P65 million P44 million P156 million

The percentage of Cincy One that wa completed during 2009 100 x (44/ {44 + 156}) Problem VII 1. Progress billings on construction contract Less accounts receivable Cash collected in 20x4

22%

P562,000 150,500 P411,500

2. Gross profit from construction contract + Construction in progress = Revenue for 20x4 P301,000 + P602,000 = P903,000 P903,000/P7,525,000 = 12% Percentage completed in 20x4 P301,000/.12 = P2,508,333 Estimated income on construction contract Problem VIII 1. Percentage of Completion Method (Cost-to-cost Approach) 20x4 20x5 Contract price ................... P250,000 P250,000 Current year costs ............... 110,000 120,000 Costs to date .................... 110,000 230,000 Estimated cost to complete ....... 100,000 20,000 Estimated total cost ............. 210,000 245,000 Estimated total gross profit ..... 40,000 5,000 Percent complete ................. 52% 94% Revenue to date .................. P130,000 P230,000

20x6 P250,000 15,000 245,000 0 240,000 5,000 100% P250,000

20x4:

Revenue Costs (110/210 x 210) Gross profit

To Date at Dec. 31 P130,000 110,000 P 20,000

20x5:

Revenue Costs (230/245 x 245) Gross profit (loss)

P235,000 230,000 P 5,000

P130,000 110,000 P 20,000

P105,000 120,000 P(15,000)

20x6:

Revenue Costs Gross profit

P250,000 245,000 P 5,000

P235,000 230,000 P 5,000

P 15,000 15,000 P 0

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Revenue recognized during the year Gross profit recognized during the year Balance in the construction in progress account at Dec. 31 . Balance in the progress billings account at Dec. 31 . Net (3-4) or (4-3) – due from (due to)

20x4 P130,000 20,000

Previous Years

Current Year P130,000 110,000 P 20,000

20x5 P100,000

20x6 P15,000

(15,000)

0

130,000

235,000

0

125,000 5,000

250,000 (15,000)

0 0

2. Cost Recovery Method 20x4

20x5

20x6

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Revenue recognized during the year Gross profit recognized during the year Balance in the construction in progress account at Dec. 31 . Balance in the progress billings account at Dec. 31 . Net (3-4) or (4-3) – due from (due to)

P110,000

P120,000

0

0

P20,000 5,000

110,000

230,000

0

125,000 (15,000)

250,000 (20,000)

0 0

Problem IX 1. Percentage of Completion Method (Cost-to-cost Approach) Contract price Current year costs Costs to date Estimated cost to complete Estimated total cost Estimated total gross profit Percent complete

2005 P250,000 150,000 150,000 90,000 240,000 10,000 63%

2006 P250,000 100,000 250,000 20,000 270,000 (20,000) 93%

2007 P250,000 15,000 265,000 0 265,000 (15,000) 100%

Revenue to date

P157,500

P232,500

P250,000

2005:

Revenue ............ Costs (150/240 x 240) Gross profit ............

To Date at Dec. 31 P157,500 150,000 P 7,500

2006:

Revenue ............ Costs ............ Gross profit (loss) ............

P232,500 252,500 P(20,000)

P157,500 150,000 P 7,500

P 75,000 102,500 P(27,500)

2007:

Revenue ............ Costs ............ Gross profit (loss) ............

P250,000 265,000 P(15,000)

P232,500 252,500 $(20,000)

P 17,500 12,500 P 5,000

20x4

20x5

20x6

1. Construction costs (expense) recognized during the year 2. Gross profit recognized during the year 3. Balance in the construction in progress account at Dec. 31 (after closing entries) 4. Balance in the progress billings account at Dec. 31 . 5. NNet (3-4) or (4-3) – due from (due to)

Balance in accounts receivable at Dec. 31 (after closing entries)

P150,000 7,500 157,500

Previous Years

Current Year P157,500 150,000 P 7,500

P102,500 (27,500) 230,000*

110,00 0 47,50 0

230,00 0 0

10,000

10,000

P12,500 5,000 0 0 0

0

*P150,000 + 7,500 + 157,500 + 100,000 costs incurred during the year – 27,500 loss 2. Cost Recovery Method 1. Construction costs (expense) recognized during the year 2. Gross profit recognized during the year 3. Balance in the construction in progress account at Dec. 31 (after closing entries) 4. Balance in the progress billings account at Dec. 31 . 5. NNet (3-4) or (4-3) – due from (due to)

20x4 P150,000 0

20x5

20x6

P 80,000*

P20,000**

(20,000)

5,000

150,000

***230,000

0

110,00 0 40,00 0

230,00 0 0

0 0

Balance in accounts receivable at Dec. 31 (after closing entries) 10,000 10,000 0 *P100,000 costs incurred – P20,000 estimated loss = P80,000, revenue – 20x5 ** P250,000 – P150,000, revenue – 20x4 – P80,000, revenue – 20x5 ***P150,000 + P100,000 – P20,000 Multiple Choice Problems 1. a Costs incurred each year (2.5 M + 2.0 M + 1 M* + .5 M) P 6M Add: Cost incurred in prior years 0 Costs incurred to date P 6M Add: Estimated cost to complete Total estimated costs P 18 M Percentage of completion 6 M / 18M Administrative cost as long as reimbursable is included in the construction costs. Marketing costs are considered as expenses. Depreciation of idle equipment is charged to expenses. 2. b

P7,200,000 ——————————— x (P15,000,000 – P12,000,000) = P1,800,000. P7,200,000 + $4,800,000

3. c P1,170,000 —————- x (P3,300,000 – P1,950,000) = P810,000 P1,950,000 (P3,300,000 – P2,010,000) – P810,000 = P480,000. 4. b

5.

c

P1,200,000 ————— x (P7,200,000 – P4,800,000) = P600,000. P4,800,000 P7,200,000 – P4,875,000 =P2,325,000.

6.

a 20x4 P4,800,000 _______75% P3,600,000 P3,400,000 P 200,000 _______-0P 200,000

Contract Price x: Percentage-of-completion Recognized Revenue to date Less: Costs incurred to date Gross Profit to date Less: GP in prior year Gross profit in current year 7.

a

8.

b

9. 10. c

P3,600,000 ————— x (P8,400,000 – P6,000,000) = P1,440,000. P6,000,000 P8,400,000 – P5,600,000 = P2,800,000. a

[P1,950,000 ÷ (P1,950,000 + P1,300,000)] × P2,250,000 = P1,350,000 (P5,500,000 – P3,350,000) – P1,350,000 = P800,000.

P5,500,000 – P3,350,000 = P2,150,000.

11. a - Gross profit is recognized in the year of sale, 20x4; therefore, in 20x6 no gross profit should be realized. 12. a Contract Price Less: Total Estimated Costs Costs Incurred-1/10/x4 to 12/31/x5 Add: Estimated costs to complete Less: Costs incurred to date Multiplied by: % of completion Gross Profit to date Less: GP in prior year (given) Gross profit in current year

P6,000,000 P3,600,000 1,200,000

4,800,000 P1,200,000 ___3.6/4.8 P 900,000 ___600,000 P 300,000

13. b

20x4: Cost to date – P7,500,000 x 20% P1,500,000 20x5: Cost to date – P8,000,000 x 60% 4,800,000 Cost incurred during 20x5 14. c

P7,440,000  .30 = P2,232,000.

15. d

(P7,200,000  .75) – (P7,100,000  .30) = P3,270,000.

16. b

(P7,440,000  .75) – (P620,000  8) = P620,000 debit.

17. c

P7,440,000  .25 = P1,860,000 P7,500,000 – (P7,200,000  .75) = P2,100,000.

18. b

(P9,000,000 – P8,250,000)  (P3,795,000 ÷ P8,250,000) = P345,000.

P3,300,000

19. c

P3,795,000 + P345,000 = P4,140,000.

20. c

P600,000 —————————— x (P1,500,000 – P1,000,000) = P300,000 P600,000 + P400,000 (P1,500,000 – P1,050,000) – P300,000 = P150,000.

21.

b

P240,000 – P100,000 = P140,000.

22.

d

P300,000 – P60,000 = P240,000 P240,000 ————————— x (P2,400,000 – Total estimated cost) = P60,000 Total estimated cost Total estimated cost = P1,920,000 P2,400,000 – P1,920,000 =P480,000.

23.

b

(P25,000,000 × .60) – (P22,500,000 × .25) = P9,375,000.

24.

b

P5,600,000 – (P2,560,000 + P3,280,000) = –P240,000.

25. c

(P6,325,000 ÷ P13,750,000) × P1,250,000 = P575,000.

26. a

(P6,325,000 ÷P13,750,000) × P1,250,000 = P575,000. P6,325,000 + P575,000 = P6,900.000.

27. d - P85M costs incurred in 2011 = revenue recognized in 2011. Under the costs recovery (zero-profit approach) of construction accounting, revenue is recognized up to the extent of costs incurred as long as it is probable will be recoverable. 28.

c

P3,200,000 – P2,150,000 = P1,050,000.

29.

c

P1,500,000 – P820,000 = P680,000.

30. No answer available. Under PFRS, the excess of Construction In Progress amounting to P2,100,000 (P2,250,000 – P150,000, loss) – P1,900,000, billings = P200,000 is classified as due from customers. Under the US FASB, the excess of P200,00 is considered as an inventory account. 31. b

(P9,600,000 ×45%)  – (P9,000,000 ×15%)  = P2,970,000.

32. d Under the percentage of completion method, the Construction-In-Progress account is used for cost incurred during the year and any realized gross profit (loss). The following T-account is prepared: Construction-In-Progress CI in 2004 210,000 RGP in 20x4 (?) 34,000 End of 20x4 244,000 CI in 20x5 384,000 RGP in 20x5 (?) 100,000

End of 20x5 33. d

728,000

P3,500,000 –P1,350,000 – P1,525,000 = P625,000.

34. c Costs of construction Construction in progress Revenue for long-term contracts

1,200,000 800,000 2,000,000

Percentage complete = P1,200,000 / (P1,200,000 +P600,000) = 2/3 Revenue recognized = 2/3 P3,000,000 = P2,000,000 Cost recognized = P1,200,000 Gross profit recognized = P2,000,000 P1,200,000 = P800,000 35. a Costs of construction Profit Construction In Progress Less: Progress billings Excess (Due from customers)

P1,200,000 800,000 P2,000,000 1,500,000 P 500,000

36. b Costs of construction Construction in progress Revenue for long-term contracts

600,000 400,000 1,000,000

Total revenue P3,000,000 revenue previously recognized P2,000,000 = Revenue to recognize this year P1,000,000. Cost recognized = P600,000 Gross profit recognized = P1,000,000 P600,000 = P400,000 37. d Costs of construction

1,200,000 1,2000,00 0

Revenue for long-term contracts

Under cost recovery method, revenue should be recognized up to the extent of costs incurred. 38. b Costs of construction Profit Construction In Progress Less: Progress billings Excess (Due to customers)

P1,200,000 0 P1,200,000 1,500,000 P( 300,000)

39. d Costs of construction Construction in progress Revenue for long-term contracts

600,000 1,200,000 1,800,000

Under the cost recovery method, record equal amounts of revenue and cost until cost recovered, and then record gross profit. In 2008, recorded revenue and cost of P1,200,000, so record remaining cost of P600,000 and all gross profit of P1,200,000 in 2009. 40. a 20x4

20x5

Contract price

P 9,600,000

P10,080,00

Costs incurred to date

P 4,920,000

Add: Estimated cost to complete Total estimated costs

4,920,000 P 9,840,000

P 8,640,000 2,160,000 P 10,800,000 P (720,000) 100% P (720,000)

Estimated Gross Profit (loss) Multiply by: % of completion Recognized Gross Profit (Loss) to date Less: Gross Profit (Loss) in prior year Recognized Gross Profit (Loss) in current year % of Completion / Cost Recovery Method: Construction in Progress

P(240,000 ) 100% P (240,000) _________ P (240,000)

(240,000) P (480,000)

Progress Billings

CI

4,920,000

240,000 loss

5,280,000

CI

4,680,000 3,720,000

480,000 loss

5,280,000 3,420,000

7,920,000

8,700,000 due to customers P780,000

Note: If there is an anticipated loss, the Construction-in-Progress for both methods will exactly be the same in the year the loss was incurred. 41. a

Input Measures: Efforts-Expended Method - using timbers laid Year 2 Timers laid Each Year 300 Add: Timbers laid in Prior Years 150 Timbers laid to date 450 Add: Additional support timbers to be laid 520 Total Estimated Timbers 970 Percentage-of-Completion 45/97 x: CONTRACT PRICE P 800,000 Recognized Revenue to Date P 371,134 Recognized Revenue in Prior Years Recognized Revenue in Current Yr.

Year 3 500 450 950 -0950 100% P 800,000 P 800,000 371,134 P 428,866

Output Measures – Number of trail feet Trail feet Each Year Add: Trail fees in Prior Years Trail feet to date Add: Additional trail feet to be constructed Total Estimated Trail feet Percentage-of-Completion x: CONTRACT PRICE Recognized Revenue to Date

Year 2 7,500 3,000 10,500 8,200 18,700 105/187 P 800,000 P 449,198

Year 3 8,000 10,500 18,500 ___-018,500 100% P 800,000 P 800,000

Recognized Revenue in Prior Years Recognized Revenue in Current Yr.

449,198 P 350,802

42. d Percentage of Completion: Contract price………………………….. Cost incurred each year………………. Add: Cost incurred in prior year……… Costs incurred to date………………… Add: Estimated costs to compute……. Total estimated costs…………………. Estimated gross profit………………… Multiply by: percentage of completion. Recognized gross profit to date……… Less: Recognized gross profit in prior years Recognized gross profit each year….

Project 6 P500,000 P375,000 _________ P375,000 ________ P375,000 P125,000 100 % P125,000 _________

Project 7 P700,000 P100,000 ________ P100,000 400,000 P500,000 P200,000 20 % P 40,000 _________

Project 8 P250,000 P100,000 ________ P100,000 100,000 P200,000 P 50,000 50%

P125,000

P 40,000

P 25,000

Project 7 P100,000

Project 8 P100,000

100,000

100,000

P

P

P 25,000 _________

Cost Recovery Method of Construction Accounting:

Recognized Revenue………..……….. Less: Costs of long-term construction contract…………………………….. Recognized gross profit each year….

Project 6 P500,000 * 375,000 P125,000

0

0

* Since the contract is completed then the full amount of P500,000 contract price should be recognized as revenue.

Percentage of Completion Construction in Progress Pr. 6 - Cl. 500,000 Pr. 6 375,000 Pr. 125,000 Pr. 7 – Cl. 100,000 Pr. 40,000 Pr. 8. Cl 100,000 Pr. 100,000 765,000 500,000 12/31 (d) 265,000

Cost Recovery Method of Construction Construction in Progress Pr. 6 - Cl. 500,000 Pr. 6 375,000 Pr. 125,000 Pr. 7 – CI 100,000 500,000 Pr. 8 – CI 100,000 (d) 700,000 12/31 200,000

43. b Contract price………………………….. Cost incurred each year……………….

2006 P5,000,00 0

2007 P5,000,00 0

2008 P5,000,000 P2,050,00 0

Add: Cost incurred in prior year……… Costs incurred to date…………………

2,550,000 P4,600,000

P 100,000 -0-

900,000 P2,550,00 0 1,700,00 0 P4,250,00 0 P 750,000 60 % P 450,000 100,000

P 100,000

P 350,000

P( 50,000)

P 900,000

Add: Estimated costs to complete Total estimated costs…………………. Estimated gross profit………………… Multiply by: percentage of completion. Recognized gross profit to date……… Less: Recognized gross profit in prior years Recognized gross profit each year…. 44. 45. 46. 47.

-0P4,600,000 P 400,000 100 % P 400,000 450,000

d – refer to No. 43 c – refer to No. 18 d – refer to No. 19 c Contract price………………………………………. Cost incurred each year………………………….. Add: Cost incurred in prior year…………………. Costs incurred to date…………………………….. Add: Estimated costs to complete……………… Total estimated costs………………………………. Estimated gross profit (loss)…………. ……………. Multiply by: percentage of completion……….. Recognized gross profit (loss) to date………….. Less: Recognized gross profit in prior years……. Recognized gross profit each year……………..

Prior year P7,000,00 0

Current year P7,000,000

P5,000,000 2,800,000 P7,800,000 (P 800,000) P600,000

_____100% (P 800,000) ___600,000 (P1,400,000)

48. c Contract Price……………………………………………… P60,000,000 Less: Total Estimated Costs Cost Incurred to Date……………………………… P26,000,000 Add: Estimated Costs to Complete……………… 25,000,000 51,000,000 Estimated Gross Profit……………………………………. P 9,000,000 Multiplied by: % of completion…………………………. 30% Recognized gross profit to date……………………….. P 2,700,000 Less: RGP in prior years…………………………………… _________0 Recognized gross profit in current year……………… P 2,700,000 Construction-in-progress Account: Costs incurred to date………………………………….. GP in the current year…………………………………… Less: Progress billings……………………………………..

P 26,000,000 2,700,000 P 28,700,000 5,000,000

Due from customer (net)……………………………….

P 23,700,000

49. c Contract Price Multiplied by: Gross Profit Rate Estimated Gross Profit of the entire contract Multiplied by: Percentage of Completion for first year Gross Profit realized for current year

P100,000,000 _________25% P 25,000,000 _________50% P 12,500,000

50. c 10%

51. a

M

Contract Price x: Mobilization Fee

P120,000,000

Collection in 20x4 Note: Billings for 20x4 will be collected in January 20x5.

P 12,000,000

Mobilization Fee: 5% x P10M P 5.0 M Collection on Billings: Contract price P 100 M x: Progress billings, net of 10% and 8% (50% - 10% - 8%) 32% Progress billings P 32 M x: Collections net of contract retention of 10% 90% 28.8 Collections in 20x4

P 33.8 M

52. b – cost recovery method is used. At the end of 20x4 the contractor must recognized only to the extent of recoverable contract costs incurred (i.e., P5,000 contract revenue and P5,000 construction costs/expenses). Theories 1 False . 2 True

. 3 . 4 . 5 .

6.

False

11.

False

16.

True

21 .

True

26.

c

31 .

d

7. False

12 . 13 . 14 . 15 ,

True

17 . 18 . 19 . 20 .

False

22 . 23 . 24 . 25 .

False

27 . 28 . 29 . 30 .

b

32 . 33 . 34 . 35 .

c

True

8. False

False

9. True

False

10 False ,

36.

d

41.

c

37 . 38 . 39 . 40 .

b

42 . 43 . 44 . 45 .

b

a c d

a

d c

False True False

True False True

False False b

c b a

b d c