SOLUCIONES DE INTERCONEXION BASADAS EN REDES DE ACCESO – FIBRA OPTICA

MODULO 4 SOLUCIONES SOLUCIONES DE INTERCONEXION INTERCONEXION BASADAS EN REDES DE ACCESO – FIBRA OPTICA Félix González Gonzál ez Martínez Haga clic para modificar el estilo de subtítulo del patrón Cuenca, enero de 2011

4/15/12

11

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La luz en el transporte de la información •

•

La historia de la comunicación por la fibra óptica es relativamente corta. En 1977, se instaló un sistema de prueba en Inglaterra; dos años después, se producían ya cantidades importantes de pedidos de este material. Antes, en 1959, como derivación de los estudios en física enfocados a la óptica, se descubrió una nueva utilización de la luz, a la que se denominó rayo láser, que fue aplicado a las telecomunicaciones con el fin de que los mensajes se transmitieran a velocidades inusitadas y con amplia cobertura.

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La luz en el transporte de la información •

En los años 70 se verificó que era posible confiar un haz luminoso en una fibra transparente flexible y proveer así un análogo óptico de la señalización por alambres electrónicamente.

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Estructura básica de la fibra óptica

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Estructura básica de la fibra óptica •

•

El núcleo que consiste de vidrio, tiene un índice de refracción más alto que el revestimiento de vidrio, o plástico que lo rodea. A su vez la superficie del revestimiento esta protegida por una cubierta primaria de acrilato. La fibra esta protegida contra esfuerzos mecánicos debidos al cableado, instalación, cambios de temperatura, ya que usualmente se coloca libre en el tubo que forma la cubierta secundaria Los aspectos principales para la propagación de luz en las fibras ópticas son dos:

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Características generales de la fibra óptica •

Una baja atenuación por Km. cuando se transmite por las llamadas ventanas de transmisión, que están ubicadas en torno a los valores siguientes de longitud de onda: 850 nm, 1310 nm y 1550 nm. Esta última

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Características generales de la fibra óptica •

La capacidad de transmisión de información que tiene una fibra óptica depende de tres características fundamentales:

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Características generales de la fibra óptica •

Es necesario disponer de cubiertas y protecciones de calidad capaces de proteger a la fibra. Para alcanzar tal objetivo hay que tener en cuenta su sensibilidad a la curvatura y microcurvatura, la resistencia resistencia mecánica y las características

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Propiedades de la fibra óptica •

Atenuación

La figura 2 muestra el espectro de la curva de atenuación de una típica fibra óptica hecha de silicio. sili cio. La curva tiene tres características principales. Una gran tendencia de atenuarse conforme se incrementa la longitud longit ud de onda (Dispersión (Dispersi ón Rayleigh), Atenuación en los picos picos de

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Propiedades de la fibra óptica •

Dispersión cromática

La dispersión cromática describe la tendencia para diferentes longitudes de onda que viajan a diferentes velocidades en una fibra. En longitudes onda donde la dispersión cromática es alta, los

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Propiedades de la fibra óptica •

La dispersión cromática de una fibra consiste de dos componentes, material y guía de onda, el componente material depende depende de las características de dispersión de los l os dopantes dopantes y del silicio de construcción. Estos materiales materiales no

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Fibra óptica

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