Solucionario Econometría Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

STUDENT SOLUTIONS MANUAL Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 4e

CONTENTS Preface

iv

Chapter 1

Introduction

1

Chapter 2

The Simple Regression Model

3

Chapter 3

Multiple Regression Analysis: Estimation

9

Chapter 4

Multiple Regression Analysis: Inference

17

Chapter 5

Multiple Regression Analysis: OLS Asymptotics

24

Chapter 6

Multiple Regression Analysis: Further Issues

27

Chapter 7

Multiple Regression Analysis With Qualitative Information: Binary (or Dummy) Variables

34

Chapter 8

Heteroskedasticity

42

Chapter 9

More on Specification and Data Problems

47

Chapter 10

Basic Regression Analysis With Time Series Data

52

Chapter 11

Further Issues in Using OLS With Time Series Data

58

Chapter 12

Serial Correlation and Heteroskedasticity in Time Series Regressions

65

Chapter 13

Pooling Cross Sections Across Time. Simple Panel Data Methods

71

Chapter 14

Advanced Panel Data Methods

78

Chapter 15

Instrumental Variables Estimation and Two Stage Least Squares

85

Chapter 16

Simultaneous Equations Models

92

Chapter 17

Limited Dependent Variable Models and Sample Selection Corrections

99

Chapter 18

Advanced Time Series Topics

110

ii This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. This may not be resold, copied, or distributed without the prior consent of the publisher.

Appendix A

Basic Mathematical Tools

117

Appendix B

Fundamentals of Probability

119

Appendix C

Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics

120

Appendix D

Summary of Matrix Algebra

122

Appendix E

The Linear Regression Model in Matrix Form

123

iii This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. This may not be resold, copied, or distributed without the prior consent of the publisher.

PREFACE This manual contains solutions to the odd-numbered problems and computer exercises in Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 4e. Hopefully, you will find that the solutions are detailed enough to act as a study supplement to the text. Rather than just presenting the final answer, I usually provide detailed steps, emphasizing where the chapter material is used in solving the problems. Some of the answers given here are subjective, and you or your instructor may have perfectly acceptable alternative answers or opinions. I obtained the solutions to the computer exercises using Stata, starting with version 4.0 and ending with version 9.0. Nevertheless, almost all of the estimation methods covered in the text have been standardized, and different econometrics or statistical packages should give the same answers to the reported degree of accuracy. There can be differences when applying more advanced techniques, as conventions sometimes differ on how to choose or estimate auxiliary parameters. (Examples include heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, estimates of a random effects model, and corrections for sample selection bias.) Any differences in estimates or test statistics should be practically unimportant, provided you are using a reasonably large sample size. While I have endeavored to make the solutions free of mistakes, some errors may have crept in. I would appreciate hearing from students who find mistakes. I will keep a list of any notable errors on the Web site for the book, www.international.cengage.com. I would also like to hear from students who have suggestions for improving either the solutions or the problems themselves. I can be reached via e-mail at [email protected]. I hope that you find this solutions manual helpful when used in conjunction with the text. I look forward to hearing from you. Jeffrey M. Wooldridge Department of Economics Michigan State University 110 Marshall-Adams Hall East Lansing, MI 48824-1038

iv This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. This may not be resold, copied, or distributed without the prior consent of the publisher.