Solucion Taller de Medidas de Tendencia.
August 25, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Wnibn g` hflt`logf ]frtngn........................ ]frtngn......... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ........................... ............> > Hu`rpf g`b trninef.............. trninef............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................................. ................................. ..8 8 >. N hfllunhoø hfllunhoøl, l, s` r`b r`bnhofl nhofln n bns bbostns ostns g` bfs sofs g` olt`rl`t olt`rl`t k kîs îs pfpubnr` pfpubnr`ss nb ln lnv`cng v`cngfr fr g`sg` g`sg` hnsn y `b luk`rf g` vosotnlt`s, `l kob`s5..................................... kob`s5.................................................... ............................. ............................................. ............................... 8 9. Pln `gotfro `gotfronb nb an a`haf a`haf ul ul `stug `stugof of pnrn pnrn g`t`rk g`t`rkolnr olnr `b lõk`rf lõk`rf g` boirfs boirfs g` g` bot`rnturn bot`rnturn qu` qu` b``l nb nþf bfs aniotnlt`s g` ul s`htfr g` bn hougng. ]nrn `bbf, `lhu`ltrf n := p`rsflns g` gohaf s`htfr. Bfs r`subtngfs ju`rfl bfs socuo`lt`s5.......................... socuo`lt`s5........................................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..........................: ...........: 8. @l bns nju`rns nju`rns g` uln uln hougng hougng r`costrnrf r`costrnrfl l bn hnlgng hnlgng g` g` nutfkøvob nutfkøvob`s `s qu` pnsnl pnsnl pfr >: p pultfs ultfs goj`r`lt`s g` ul p`ne`, `ltr` bns =:5== nk y bns =:58= nk. Bfs gntfs s` ku`strnl n hfllunhoøl......>> 7. Bns lftns lftns lnb`s lnb`s `l bfs bfs `xîk`l`s `xîk`l`s g` g` knt`kîhns knt`kîhns g` 8= `stugonlt`s `stugonlt`s g` pr prok`r ok`r s`k`str s`k`str` ` g` olc`lo`rën g` nbok`ltfs sfl5............................. sfl5............................................ .............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... .......................... ....>0 >0 0. Pln hfkpnþë hfkpnþën n g` nvo nvonhoøl nhoøl qu` qu` fjr`h` fjr`h` ul vu`bf vu`bf gonrof gonrof n uln uln g`t`rkol g`t`rkolngn ngn r`coøl r`coøl g`b g`b pnës lf hukpbf hfl `b afrnrof g` bb`cngn g` bfs õbkfs >= gëns g`b k`s g` j`ir`rf. N hfllunhoøl, s` b` r`costrn bfs kolutfs g` r`trnsf r` trnsf (vnbfr`s l`cnvfs) f nlhopnhoøl (vnbfr`s pfsovfs) hfl qu` bb`cnrfl gohafs v`aëhubfs..................... v`aëhubfs................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ......................... ..>? >? :. @b g`pnrtnk` g`pnrtnk`ltf ltf g` io`l`s io`l`stnr tnr sf sfhonb honb g` g` uln ulov`r ulov`rsogng sogng `bnifrf `bnifrf uln ` `lhu`s lhu`stn tn `l bn qu` pr`cultf pr`cultf `b p`sf y bn tnbbn g` bfs `stugonlt`s qu` tfknrfl hfkf `b`hvn `b ` b ‒coklnsof‛ bfs r`subtngfs s` ku`strnl n hfllunhoøl5....................... hfllunhoøl5...................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .......................9= ........9= Ioibofcrnn...................... Ioibofcrnn....... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................................................. .................................... 97
>
Hu`rpf g`b trninef >. N hfltolunhoøl, hfltolunhoøl, s` r`bnhofln r`bnhofln bns bostns bostns g` bfs bfs sotofs g` olt`rl`t olt`rl`t kîs pfpubnr`s pfpubnr`s nb lnv`cngfr g`sg` hnsn y `b luk`rf g` vosotnlt`s, `l kob`s5 Xotof
Nifut.hfk
Zosotnlt`s
0081
Nbtnvostn.hfk Nknzfl.hfk Nlc`bjor`.hfk Nfb.hfk Ibu`kfultnolnrts.hfk @iny.hfk `xhot.hfk c`fhot`s.hfk cf.hfk
38?> 3?1: 1?>3 981:8 :31: 19?: >=73? >089> >788=
aftift.hfk aftknob.hfk ohq.hfk
03:= >>3?> 0=09
bffdsknrt.hfk byhfs.hfk kohrfsfjt.hfk kls.hfk
0?17 ??0= >00?8 980=0
l`tshnp`.hfk pnsspfrt.hfk
>773= >>9??
r`nb.hfk slnp.hfk
:310 038=
tropfg.hfk xffk.hfk
3?3= 0:09
ynaff.hfk
9:3?:
zl`t.hfk cffbc`.hfk Xukntfron tftnb.
0>88 99:3? 9?8=0:
n. Hnbhu Hnbhubnr bnr bn k k`g `gon on y bn bn k`gon k`gonln ln
K`gon
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l 9?8=0: 9:
· ;>>93>.817: Q K`gonln 0=09 0>88 0081 0:09 038= 03:= 0?17 :310
38?> 3?3= 3?1: 19?: 1?>3 ??0= >=73? >>9??
:31:
>>3?>
>788= >773= >089> >00?8 99:3? 980=0 981:8 9:3?:
9
bfs lõk`rfs g`b h`ltrf sfl bfs qu` `stîl r`snbtngfs.
K`gonln;
( 19?: + 1?>3 ) 9
K`gonln;1:=:,0
]nrn anbbnr bn k`gonln `l `st` hnsf, frcnloznkfs tfgfs bfs lõk`rfs g` k`lfr n knyfr, bu`cf tfknkfs bfs gfs g`b h`ltrf, bfs suknkfs y bfs govogokfs `l 9, y naë fituvokfs bn k`gonln.
i. Y`spflg`r Y`spflg`r ¶Huîb ¶Huîb g` bns gfs gfs k`gogns k`gogns `s k`efr k`efr hfkf hfkf t`lg`lhon t`lg`lhon h`ltrnb h`ltrnb pnrn `stfs `stfs gntfs6 gntfs6 @xpbohn tu r`spu`stn.
G`iogf n qu` bn hnltogng g` vnbfr`s qu` `stugonkfs lf sfl ulojfrk`, pfr `b hfltrnrof, sfl ntëpohfs, `s l`h`snrof knl`enr bn k`gonln pnrn pfg`r fit`l`r ul vnbfr kîs hbnrf. T HOWNWOFL @uc>? Rb ?99: [
h.
Hn Hnbhu bhubn bn bfs hu hunrt nrtob` ob`ss > >,9 ,9 y 8. 8.
0=09 0>88 0081 0:09
38?> 3?3= 3?1: 19?:
>788= >773= >089> >00?8
038= 03:= 0?17 :310 :31:
1?>3 ??0= >=73? >>9?? >>3?>
99:3? 980=0 981:8 9:3?:
Hunrtob > (^>) Hunrtob 9 (^9) Hunrtob 8 (^8)
90 % 0= % 30 %
0? 17 1:=:,0 > 77 3=
8
g. Hnbhubn `b p` p`rh`ltob rh`ltob 10 y `shroi` `shroi` uln olt`rpr olt`rpr`tnhoøl `tnhoøl g`b koskf. koskf.
]; p`rh`ltob l; luk`rf g` gntfs
o;
o;
( ) ( ) ]
>==
10
>==
l
9:
o ;( =,10 ) 9: o ;99.> o ;98 N hfltolunhoøl, frcnloznkfs bfs lõk`rfs g` k`lfr n knyfr y s`cõl bf nrrfengf `l bn jfrkubn `shfc`kfs `b p`rh`ltob 10, qu` s`rën `b socuo`lt`.
]fg`kfs `lt`lg`r `ltflh`s qu` `b 10% g` bfs `lhu`stngfs, `s k`lfr f ocunb n 99:3?. @stf quo`r` qu` g`hor qu` sfbf 7 pîcolns sfl bns qu` nhnpnrnl crnl pnrt` g` bfs hoi`rlnutns.
0=09 0>88 0081 0:09 038= 03:= 0?17 :310 :31:
38?> 3?3= 3?1: 19?: 1?>3 ??0= >=73? >>9?? >>3?>
>788= >773= >089> >00?8 99:3? 980=0 981:8 9:3?:
7
9. Pln `gotfronb `gotfronb an a`haf a`haf ul ul `stugof `stugof pnrn g`t`rkoln g`t`rkolnrr `b lõk`rf lõk`rf g` boirfs boirfs g` bot`rnturn bot`rnturn qu` b``l nb nþf bfs aniotnlt`s g` ul s`htfr g` bn hougng. ]nrn `bbf, `lhu`ltrf n := p`rsflnss g` gohaf s`htfr. p`rsfln s`htfr. Bfs r`subtngfs r`subtngfs ju`rfl ju`rfl bfs socuo`lt` socuo`lt`s5 s5
0
1
> 9
> 0
8
7
:
3 > 9 > >
? > =
> : ? 9 > 8 1 > = 7 > > 9 : =
9 = > = 3 9 > = 3 7 7 0 9 ? 8 8 1
7 3 =
1 > 0 > 3 > > : ? > :
> 9 7
9 : 1 = 7
n. Hnbhubn Hnbhubn bn bn k`gon k`gon bn k`gonln k`gonln y bn kfgn kfgn (so (so `x `xost ost`) `)
K`gon
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l 809 :=
· ;0,1:::: Q K`gonln K`gonln
Gntfs Frg`lngfs g` K`lfr n Knyfr
= = = = > > > > > >
>
7
9
7
9
7
9
0
9
0
8
0
8
:
8
:
8
:
7
:
7
:
7 7
: 3 0
K`gonln;
3
?
>9
3
?
>9
3
?
>9
3
?
>9
1
>=
>0
1
>=
9=
1 1
>= >>
1
>>
( :+: ) 9
K`gonln;: Kfgn Wnibn g` jr`hu`lhon pnrn anbbnr bn KFGN # J 7 = > 3 9 7 8 7 3 7 0 8 : : 3 0 1 0 ? 8 > 8 = > 9
> > 9 > 8 > 7 > 0 > : > 3 > 1
7 = = > = = =
:
> ? 9 =
= >
\
lõk`rfs qu` kîs s` r`pot`l. r`pot`l. K ;> f 3 pfrqu` sfl bfs lõk`rfs
i. @lhu`ltrn @lhu`ltrn bfs p`rh`ltob`s p`rh`ltob`s 90 y 3= y `bnifrn uln olt`rpr`t olt`rpr`tnhoøl nhoøl g` `bbfs.
]; p`rh`ltob l; luk`rf g` gntfs p`rh`ltob 90
o; o;
( ) ( ) ]
>==
90
>==
]`rh`ltob 30
o;
:=
= = = = > > > > > > > 9 9
]
>==
3 0
>==
l
:=
o ;( = , 3 0 ) : = o; 7 0
o ;( = , 9 0 ) : = o ;> 0
Gntfs Frg`lngfs g` K`lfr n Knyfr
( ) ( )
o;
l
9
0
9
:
8 8
: :
8
:
8
:
7
:
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
3
7
1
0
1
0
1 3
1
>=
>9
1
>=
>0
?
>>
9=
?
>>
?
>9
?
>9
>=
>9 ]`rh`ltob 90 ]`rh`ltob 30
h.
]fg`kfs `ltflh`s `lt`lg`r qu` `b 90% g` bfs gntfs fit`logfs nrrfen qu` bn pfibnhoøl s` b`` kîxokf 9 boirfs. Wnkioïl pfg`kfs fis`rvnr qu` `b 30% g` bn pfibnhoøl `lhu`stngn b`` ul kîxokf g` 1 boirfs, bf qu` lfs gn n `lt`lg`r qu` sfbf ul 90% g` bn tftnbogng g` bn pfibnhoøl s` b`` ? f kîs boirfs nb nþf.
G`t`r G`t`rkoln koln `b `b rnlcf, rnlcf, bn vnronlzn vnronlzn y bn g`svonh g`svonhoøl oøl `stîlgnr `stîlgnr g` bn ku`strn. ku`strn.
Ynlcf
Y ; Q knx ∙ Q kol Y ;9=∙= Y ; 9=
Znronlzn
( x o∙ β )
9
Qo
Qo-K (Q (Qo-0,1:)
= >
-0,1: -7,1:
87,88?: 98,:>?:
9 8 7 0 : 3 1 ? >= >> >9 >8 >7
-8,1: -9,1: ->,1: -=,1: =,>7 >,>7 9,>7 8,>7 7,>7 0,>7 :,>7 -0,1: -0,1:
>7,1??: 1,>3?: 8,70?: =,38?: =,=>?: >,9??: 7,03?: ?,10?: >3,>8?: 9:,7>?: 83,:??: 87,88?: 87,88?:
>0
?,>7
18,08?: 1
>: >3 >1 >? 9=
-0,1: -0,1: -0,1: -0,1: >7,>7
87,88?: 87,88?: 87,88?: 87,88?: >??,?8?:
L
∞ ( xo ∙ β ) 9
ψ ;
9
o;>
L L
∞ (809 ∙0,1:::: ) 9
ψ ; 9
ψ ;
9
o ;>
:= >>?1>9,? :=
9
ψ ;>??:,11
G`svonhoøl `stîlgnr
ψ ;∕ ψ ψ
9
ψ ;∕ >??:,11 ψ ;77, 77,:1 :1: :7 T HOWNWOFL Knt Rb ?99: [ g. Y`spflgn Y`spflgn ¶bn ku`str ku`strn n to`l` kuhan f pfhn v vnroniobog nroniobogng6 ng6 Eustojohn Eustojohn tu r`spu`stn. r`spu`stn.
]`s` n qu` bn g`svonhoøl `stîlgnr lfs nrrfen ul 77,: % hnso ul 70%, pfg`kfs g`guhor qu` bn ku`strn to`l` pfhn vnroniobogng, vnroniobogng, pu`stf qu` lf sup`rn bn kotng kotng f `b 0=% g` bn ku`strn.
`.
¶Bn k`g k`gon on `s ul iu`l r`pr`s` r`pr`s`ltnlt` ltnlt` g` bn ku`str ku`strn6 n6 @xpbohn @xpbohn tu r`spu`s r`spu`stn. tn.
Hbnrnk`lt` so, pu`stf qu` bn k`gon `s kuhaf k`efr pnrn `st` to topf pf g` `e`rhohofs g`iogf n qu` kuhafs g` bfs gntfs sfl r`p`totovfs4 `l `st` topf g` hnsfs bn k`gon `s bn a`rrnko`ltn kîs pr`hosn pnrn hnbhubnr bf qu` g`s`nkfs.
?
>=
8. @l bns nju`rns nju`rns g` g` uln hougng hougng r`costrnrfl r`costrnrfl bn hnltogng hnltogng g` nutfkøvob nutfkøvob`s `s qu` pnsnl pnsnl pfr >: pultfs goj`r`lt`s goj`r`lt`s g` g` ul p`ne`, p`ne`, `ltr` bns =:5== =:5== nk y bns =:58= =:58= nk. Bfs gntfs gntfs s` ku`strnl ku`strnl n hfltolunhoøl. >1 >3 9> >? >? 9= = = = = 0 =
9= 0
9= >? >1 >? 9= 9> = ? : 3 > =
9= >
n. Hnbhubnr Hnbhubnr bn bn k`go k`gon n y k`gonln k`gonln g`b g`b lõk`rf lõk`rf g` v`aëh v`aëhubfs ubfs..
K`gon
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l 9377 >7
· ;>?: Q K`gonln
>3= >1= >1: >?= >?0
9== 9== 9=> 9=> 9=0
>?3 >??
9>= 9>=
bfs lõk`rfs g`b h`ltrf sfl bfs qu` `stîl r`snbtngfs.
K`gonln;
(>?? + 9==) 9
K`gonln;>?0 , 0
]nrn anbbnr bn k`gonln `l `st` hnsf, frcnloznkfs tfgfs bfs lõk`rfs g` k`lfr n knyfr, bu`cf tfknkfs bfs gfs g`b h`ltrf, bfs suknkfs y bfs govogokfs `l 9, y naë fituvokfs bn k`gonln. >>
i. Hnbhub` Hnbhub` a` olt` olt`rpr rpr`t` `t` `b p p`rh `rh`lt `ltob ob :0
]; p`rh`ltob l; lõk`rf g` gntfs
p`rh`ltob :0
o; o;
( ) ( ) ]
>==
: 0
>==
l >7
o ;( = , : 0 ) > 7 o ;? , > o ;>= >3= >1= >1: >?= >?0 >?3 >?? 9== 9== 9=> 9=> 9=0 9>= 9>=
( >==∙ p );( >==∙ :0 );80 % ]fg`kfs `lt`lg`r `ltflh`s qu` `b 80% g` bfs nutfs pnsnl h`rhn g` ul koskf pultf n bn afrn g` pnsnr pfr ul p`ne` `l bns afrns hfkpr`lgogns.
h.
G`t`r G`t`rkoln koln `b `b rnlcf, rnlcf, bn vnronlzn vnronlzn y bn g`svonh g`svonhoøl oøl `stîlgnr `stîlgnr g` bn ku`strn. ku`strn.
Ynlcf
Y ; Q knx ∙ Q kol Y ;9>=∙>3= >9
Y ;7=
Znronlzn
∞ ( x ∙ x· ) X;
9
L ∙>
X;
>:87 >7 ∙>
X; >90,:? X; >9: T HOWNWOFL @st>? Rb ?99: [
G`svonhoøl `stîlgnr `stîlgnr
x ∙ x·
Qo
>3 = >1 = >1 : >? = >? 0 >? 3 >? ? 9= = 9= = 9= > 9= > 9= 0 9> = 9>
(>3=->?:) ;-9:
=
->: ->= -: -> > 8 7 7 0 0 ? >7 >7 Wftnb
( x ∙ x· )9 :3: 90: >== 8: > > ? >: >: 90 90 1> >?:
>?: >:87 >8
X;
∕
∕ ; ∕
X;
X
∞ ( x ∙ x· )
9
L ∙> >:87 >7 ∙> >:87 >8
X; >>,9> T HOWNWOFL knt>? Rb ?99: [
g. @l `st` `st` hnsf, ¶bn k`gon k`gon pu`g` pu`g` hflsog`rnrs hflsog`rnrs`` ul iu`l iu`l r`pr`s`ltnl r`pr`s`ltnlt` t` pnrn `b `b hfleultf hfleultf g` gntfs6
Lf `s r`hfk`lgnib` utoboznr utoboznr bn k`gon pnrn `st` topf g` `e`rhohofs, g`iogf n qu qu`` bfs gntfs fit`logfs, fit`logfs, lf sfl afkfcïl`fs y pfr tnltf bn npbohnhoøl g` `stn k`gogn, lf s`ron ul iu`l r`pr`s`ltnlt`.
`.
Xo bn s` s`hr`tnr hr`tnron on g` trnlsotf trnlsotf g` gohan gohan hougng prfpfl` bn hr`nhoøl hr`nhoøl g` ul lu`vf lu`vf pultf `l `b p`ne`, y so bn k`gon sup`rn bfs 9== v`aëhubfs y bn g`svonhoøl `stîlgnr `s p`qu`þn, ¶Huîb s`rën bn g`hosoøl6
X`lhobbnk`lt` s`rën ul XO,, p`s` qu` n qu` pfl`r ftrf p`ne` s`rën kuy jnhtoib`, prok`rnk`lt` sfir`pnsnrën bn k`gon, bf hunb s`ron kuy iu`lf, y nb s`r bn g`svonhoøl `stîlgnr tnl p`qu`þn, gn n `lt`lg`r qu` s`ron g` kuy iu`ln utobogng.
>7
7. Bns lftns jolnb`s `l `l bfs `xîk`l`s `xîk`l`s g` g` knt`kîtohns knt`kîtohns g` 8= 8= `stugonlt`s `stugonlt`s g` prok`r s`k`str` s`k`str` g` olc`lo`rën g` nbok`ltfs sfl5 3 0 :
1 0 1
1 9 ?
? 9 3
1 = 1
? = 3
3 1 ? ? 3 7 0
? ? > 3 : : =
= ? : 7 = 3 ?
3 3 ? 1 0 1 9
1 3 ? ? = ? ?
= 1 = : 3 : =
n. G` G`t` t`rk rkol` ol` `b `b prfk` prfk`gof gof g`b g`b crup crupf f
·; Q
∞ x l 983?
·
Q ; 8=
· ;3?,8 Q K`lfr n knyfr
3?
1?
3?
?=
7=
3?
?=
70
1=
?=
:=
1=
?>
:=
19
?9
:3
19
?:
:3 3=
10 10
?3 ??
30
11
Wftnb; 983?
3:
1?
33
i. Xo `b `xnk`l `xnk`l s` nprfinin nprfinin hfl uln lftn knyfr knyfr f ocunb n 3= ¶^uï pfrh`ltne` pfrh`ltne`ss g` `stugonlt `stugonlt`s `s nprfiø `b `xnk`l6
o;
( ) ]
>==
l
>0
o;
( ) 9=
>==
8=
o ;( =,9= ) 8= o ;¶ :
K`lfr n knyfr
3?
1?
3?
?=
7=
3?
?=
70
1=
?=
:=
1=
?>
:=
19
?9
:3
19
?:
:3
10
?3
3=
10
??
30
11
Wftnb; 983?
3: 33
1?
]fg`kfs `lt`lg`r qu` `b 9=% g` bn tftnbogng g` bfs `stugonlt`s lf nprfinrfl `b `xnk`l, p`s` n qu` fituvo`rfl uln lftn olj`rofr n 3= pultfs.
h.
G`t` G`t`rk rkoln oln bfs bfs hunr hunrto tob`s b`s g`b g`b crup crupf. f.
K`lfr n knyfr
3?
1?
3?
?=
7=
3?
?=
70
1=
?=
:=
1= 19
?> ?9
:3
19
?:
:3
10
?3
3=
10
??
30
11
Wftnb; 983?
3:
1?
:=
33
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l 1= + 19 9 >:
· ;1> Q Hunrtob > (^>) 90 % 30 Hunrtob 9 (^9) 0= % 1> Hunrtob 8 (^8) 30 % 1? g. Hnbhubn `b `b p`rh`ltob p`rh`ltob 3= ¶`st` ¶`st` vnbfr to`l` to`l` nbculn nbculn r`bnhoøl r`bnhoøl hfl `b pultne` pultne` 3= hfl hfl `b qu` s` s` nprfinin `b `xnk`l6 @xpbohn tu r`spu`stn.
o;
o;
( ) ( ) ]
>==
3=
>==
l
8=
o ;( =,3= ) 8= o ;9 >
K`lfr n knyfr
3?
1?
3?
?=
7=
3?
?=
70
1=
?=
:=
1=
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@b vnbfr g` `st` p`rh`ltob lf to`l` qu` v`r `l lngn hfl bn nprfinhoøl g`b `xnk`l, p`s` n qu` `b vnbfr qu` lfs nrrfen `st` p`rh`ltob, lfs anh` r`j`r`lhon n `stugonlt`s qu` to`l`l hnbojohnhofl`s ocunb`s f knyfr`s n 1?
`.
G?;
Hnbhub` `b g`hob g`hob ? y `shroi` `shroi` uln uln olt`rpr`tnh olt`rpr`tnhoøl oøl g` `st` r`subtngf. r`subtngf.
?∓l >= ?∓8=
G
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;
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93= >=
.
G?; 93 ]nrn pfg`r `lt`lg`r pfrqu` gn 93, t`l`kfs qu` sni`r qu` tfknkfs `b lõk`rf tftnb g` bfs gntfs y bf govogokfs pfr >= pu`stf qu` sfl ‒G`hob`s‛, bf qu` lf nrrfen, `s ul olt`rvnbf qu` gï g`i` t`l`r `ltr` g`hob y g`hob pnrn ninrhnr tfgfs bfs gntfs, nsë5
G`hob`s; G`hob`s;
l >= 8= >=
G`hob`s; 8 @stf quo`r` g`hor qu` hfl bfs tfknlgf olt`rvnbfs g` 8 ulogng`s, hfkpb`tnkfs >= g`hob`s hfl bfs 8= gntfs qu` t`l`kfs, pfr `lg`, `b g`hob luk`rf lu`v` `s `quovnb`lt` n 93.
>1
0. Pln hfkpnþën hfkpnþën g` nvonhoøl nvonhoøl qu` fjr`h` fjr`h` ul vu`bf vu`bf gonrof gonrof n uln uln g`t`rkolngn g`t`rkolngn r`coøl r`coøl g`b pnës lf hukpbf hukpbf hfl `b afrnrof afrnrof g` bb`cngn g` bfs õbtokfs õbtokfs >= gëns g`b k`s g` j`ir`rf. j`ir`rf. N hfltolunhoøl, s` b` r`costrn bfs kolutfs g` r`trnsf (vnbfr`s l`cntovfs) f nltohopnhoøl (vnbfr`s pfsotovfs) hfl qu` bb`cnrfl gohafs v`aëhubfs.
-8=
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n.
Xo bn hfkpnþën hfkpnþën hfltrntn hfltrntnrn rn ul `sp`honbo `sp`honbostn stn `l `stngëst `stngëstohn ohn pnrn kfstrn kfstrnrr `b hukpboko`l hukpboko`ltf tf ¶^uï k`gogns g`i`rën tfknr `stn p`rsfln `l `b nlîbosos g` bfs gntfs6 ¶Huîb g` `stns k`gogns s`rën bn kîs r`pr`s`ltntovn6 i. Xo `b fie`tovf ju`rn tfknr tfknr ul iu`l s`rvohof, (hukpboko`ltf) (hukpboko`ltf) ¶quï k`gogn utoboznrën6 utoboznrën6 @xpbohn tu r`spu`stn. h. Xo `b fie`tovf fie`tovf ju`s` ju`s` kfstrnr kfstrnr `b knb s`rvoh s`rvohof of ¶quï k`gogn k`gogn utoboznr utoboznrën6 ën6 @xpbohn @xpbohn tu r`spu`s r`spu`stn. tn.
>?
:. @b g`pnrtnk`ltf g`pnrtnk`ltf g` io`l`stnr io`l`stnr sfhonb g` g` uln ulov`rsogng ulov`rsogng `bnifrf `bnifrf uln `lhu`stn `l bn qu` qu` pr`cultf `b p`sf y bn tnbbn g` bfs bfs `stugonlt`s `stugonlt`s qu` tfknrfl tfknrfl hfkf `b`htovn `b`htovn `b ‒coklnsof‛ ‒coklnsof‛ bfs r`subtngfs s` ku`strnl n hfltolunhoøl5
p`sf (Dc) 07 :3 13 00 73 71 0? :0 31
0: :0 0: 01 :> :: 7? 71 7?
7?
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n. @shroi` @shroi` `b vnbfr g` g` bn k`gon, k`gon, bn bn k`gonln k`gonln y bn kfgn kfgn pnrn vnronib` g` p`sf. p`sf. i. @shroi` @shroi` `b vnbfr vnbfr g` bn k`gon, k`gon, k`gonln k`gonln y kfgn pnrn bn vnronib` g` tnbbn tnbbn p`sf (Dc) 73
Wnbbn (k) >,73
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89,=0 9=
Bns tnibns s` `lhu`ltrnl frg`lngns g` k`lfr n knyfr y hfl bn sukntfron tftnb.
K`gon p`sf.
K`gon tnbbn.
Q ·;
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Q ·;
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·; Q
>>:1
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89,=0
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K`gonln p`sf
K`gonln;
0: + 0:
K`gonln tnbbn. tnbbn.
9
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K`gonln;0:
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K`gonln;>,:=0 Kfgn pnrn `b p`sf. p`sf. Wnibn g` jr`hu`lhon >,73 > >,7? > >,0
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K ; @l `st` `e`rhohof `e`rhohof pfg`kfs pnr`honr pnr`honr qu` `xost`l 8 kfgn kfgnss bnshunb`s bnshunb`s sfl 5>,00 4 >,:8 4 >,:3.
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9>
h.
Anbbn `b vnbf vnbfrr g` bfs hunrtob` hunrtob`ss `l bn vnronib` vnronib` g` p`sf p`sf y `shroi` `shroi` uln olt`rpr olt`rpr`tnhoøl `tnhoøl g` g` hngn ulf g` `bbfs.
p`sf (Dc) 73
07
:0
00
::
71 71
0: 0:
:3 31
7?
01
13
7?
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·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l 7? + 7?
· ;7? Q
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>>:1
∞ x l
·; Q
0: + 0:
l
· ; :0+ :0 Q
9
9
∞ x
· ;0: Q
9
· ;:0 Q Hunrtob > (^>) Hunrtob 9 (^9) Hunrtob 8 (^8)
90 % 0= % 30 %
7? 0: :0
g. Anbbn `b vnbfr vnbfr g` bfs hunrtob` hunrtob`ss `l bn vnronib` vnronib` g` tnbbn tnbbn y `shroi` `shroi` uln olt`rpr olt`rpr`tnhoøl `tnhoøl g` g` hngn ulf g` `bbfs.
Wnbbn (k) >,73
>,03
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>,:
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99
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l >,00 + >,00 9
· ;>,00 Q
·; Q ·; Q
∞ x l >,: + >,:>
·; Q
9
· ;>,:=0 Q
Hunrtob > (^>) Hunrtob 9 (^9) Hunrtob 8 (^8)
`.
·; Q
∞ x l >,:3 + >,:3 9
· ;>,:3 Q
90 % 0= % 30 %
>,00 >, := 0 >,:3
¶Huîlt ¶Huîltfs fs `stugonlt`s `stugonlt`s g` bn `b`htovn `b`htovn k k`lhoflng `lhoflngn n `stîl pfr `lhokn `lhokn g`b g`b prfk`gof prfk`gof g` p`sf6
X`cõl bns tnibns nlt`rofr`s pfg`kfs v`r qu` `b 70% g` bfs `stugonlt`s qu` `boco`rfl `stn kfgnbogng `stîl pfr `lhokn g`b p`sf prfk`gof. prfk`gof. ]fg`kfs v`r qu` `stîl ul ulnn ulogng kîs ninef g`b s`cu s`culgf lgf hunrtob, øs`n pfr `lhokn g` bn k`gon.
j.
¶Huîltfs ¶Huîltfs `stugonlt`s `stugonlt`s g` bn `b`htovn `b`htovn k k`lhoflng `lhoflngn n `stîl pfr `lhokn `lhokn g`b g`b prfk`gof prfk`gof g` tnbbn6
]fg`kfs fis`rvnr qu` `b pfrh`ltne` qu` hfkpr`lg` `b prfk`gof s` `lhu`ltrn `l bn kotng, øs`n qu` `b 0=% g` bfs `stugonlt`s pnsnl `b prfk`gof y `b ftrf 0=% `stîl pfr g`inef g`b prfk`gof.
c. @shroi` @shroi` uln hflhbus hflhbusoøl oøl n pnrtor pnrtor g` bfs r`subtngfs r`subtngfs g` bfs olhosfs nlt`rofr`s. nlt`rofr`s.
]fg`kfs hflhbuor qu` `b :0% g` bfs `stugonlt`s to`l` ul p`sf ng`hungf pnrn bn kfgnbogng qu` `shfco`rfl, y qu` `b 0=% g` bfs `stugonlt`s to`l`l uln tnbbn nptn pnrn bn koskn. a. ¶^uï tnbbn tnbbn to`l` to`l` ``bb 3=% f k`lfs k`lfs g` g` bfs `stug `stugonlt onlt`s6 `s6
@b 3=% g` bfs `stugonlt`s knl`enl uln tnbbn k`lfr f ocunb n >,:3 kt. Bf pfg`kfs lftnr `l bns tnibns g` bfs hunrtob`s
98
Ioibofcrnjën @stngoshfs, @. (9=>?). _fuWui`. Fit`logf g` aps5//www.yfutui`.hfk/wntha6v;P=bsPIIzl?7 Knt`kfvob. (s.j.). _fuWui`. Fit`logf g` Knt`kfvob5 aps5//www.yfutui`.hfk/wntha6v;DsZ^ycXbj7d aps5//www.yfutui`.hfk/wntha6v;DsZ^ycXbj7d knta9k`. (99 g` Knyf g` 9=>?). _fuWui`. Fit`logf g` aps5//www.yfutui`.hfk/wntha6 v;_H?>01CSdp_ Frknl, @. (>= g` Fhtuir` g` 9=>?). Goj`r`lhons.oljf. Fit`logf g` aps5//goj`r`lhons.oljf/k`gon-yaps5//goj`r`lhons.oljf/k`gon-yk`gonln/
97
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