Solución de Problemas

 

[LNYKJÛO MI QXLHNIBD[

 

IO ND ]LBD MI MIKJ[JLOI[ ]IOIBL[ TYI ]IOIX IO KYIO]D7 Ieiktls euturls

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]jioi qui vir klo nd bimjmd io qui nls klbprlbjsls rindkjlodmls klo nd mikjsjûo deiktdräo in euturl.

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[i riejiri d nd vinlkjmdm klo qui uod mikjsjûo puimi rivirtjrsi y nd mjejkuntdm qui jbpnjkd fdkir isti kdbhjl.

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Istd kdrdktirâstjkd si riejiri d nd bimjmd io qui ltrds ärids l dktjvjmdmis si vio deiktdmds.

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[i riejiri d nds rindkjlois ndhlrdnis, vdnlris êtjkls, klosjmirdkjlois ni`dnis, prjokjpjls häsjkls mi klomuktd, jbd`io mi nd lr`dojzdkjûo, itk.

Xivirsjhjnjmdm

Jbpdktl

Kdnjmdm

• Qirjlmjkjmdm

Isti inibiotl risplomi d nd pri`uotd mi sj uod mikjsjûo si tlbd erikuioti l ixkipkjlodnbioti.

 

MIKJ[JLO MIKJ[JLOI[ I[ MI M I DN]L DN]L Z HDGL OJUIN ]lbd mi mikjsjûo mi dntl ojvin7 riquirjrä si`ujr uo prlkisl sirjl mi doänjsjs, h÷squimd mi dntirodtjvds,

]lbdd mi mikjsjûo mi hdgl ojvin7 riqujirio plkl iseuirzl y ]lb si puimio tlbdr io plkl tjibpl.

pndojejkdkjûo, igikukjûo y ivdnudkjûo. Mikjsjlois qui deiktdo dn euturl

Mikjsjlois qui ol deiktdo dn euturl

Mikjsjlois mjeâkjnbioti rivirsjhnis

Mikjsjlois rivirsjhnis

Mikjsjlois mi dbpnjl jbpdktl

Mikjsjlois mi iskdsl jbpdktl

Mikjsjlois qui deiktdo d oubirlsl edktlris rinivdotis mi kdnjmdm

Mikjsjlois qui deiktdo d plkls edktlris rinivdotis mi kdnjmdm.

Mikjsjlois ixkipkjlodnis

Mikjsjûo qui si tlbd erikuiotibioti

 

BI]LMLNL@ÂD MI ND [LNYKJÛO MI QXLHNIBD[ I]DQD[   4. JMIO]JEJKDX IN QXLHNIBD 8. IVQNJKDX IN QXLHNIBD     ;. JMIDX ND[ I[]XD]I@JD[ DN]IXOD]JUD[ =. MIKJMJX ND I[]XD]I@JD

KLBQI]IOKJD[ OIKI[DXJD[

LHGI]JUL[ KLBQXIOMIX IN QXLHNIBD io su klbpnigjmdm y io su rislodokjd pdrd nls `rdomis lhgitjvls imukdtjvls.

KXIDX YOD I[]XD]I@JD MI [LNYKJÛO dplydmd io nds elrtdnizds, qui bjojbjki nls ieiktls oi`dtjvls y qui dsi`uri nl`rls ridnis.

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Doänjsjs [âotisjs Ujsjûo `nlhdn Qiosdbjiotl fjpltêtjklmimuktjvl Kridtjvjmdm FF Jotirpirslodnis  Oi`lkjdkjûo  Klbuojkdkjûo

9. MJ[IÔDX ND JO]IXUIOKJÛO

  5. MI[DXXLNNDX ND JO]IXUIOKJÛO 0. IUDNYDX NL[ NL@XL[  

NL@XDX IN BIGLXDBJIO]L min  prlhnibd, pirbjtjioml dmibäs nd trdoseiriokjd y dkubundkjûo mi nls klolkjbjiotls dpriomjmls.

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Kdpdkjmdm mi njmirdz`l Kdpdkjmdm pdrd bltjvdr i jnusjlodr Klbuojkdkjûo virhdn y iskrjtd.

 

4. JMIO]JEJKDX IN QXLHNIBD 4.4 QD[L[ QDXD JMIO]JEJKDX IN QXLHNIBD ¼TYÊ I[ OIKI[DXJL FDKIX<  

I[]YMJDX IN QXLHNIBD

¼KÛBL [I QYIMI QYIM I NNIUDX NNIUDX D KDHL< • Huskdr joelrbdkjûo7 rikl`ir mdtls i jomjkdmlris min prlhnibd. • Klbpdrdr klo sjtudkjûo sjbjndris7 io ltrds jostjtukjloi jostjtukjlois, s, uojvirsjmdmis, uojvirsjmdm is, mipdrtdbiotls… • Lr`dojzdr tlmd nd joelrbdkjûo mi nd qui mjsplois. • Dodnjzdr nd joelrbdkjûo • [jotitjzdrnd • Ximdktdr uo joelrbi sjotêtjkl.

 

4.4 UDNLXDKJÛO MIN QXLHNIBD Z MIEJOJKJÛO MI ND BI]D MI[IDMD ¼TYÊ I[ OIKI[DXJL FDKIX<   ]ioir kndrl TYÊ TYIXIBL[ KLO[I@YJX 

¼KÛBL [I QYIMI QY IMI NNIUDX D KDHL< • Miejojr ouistrls lhgitjvls y vir sj slo klfiriotis klo nls mi nd lr`dojzdkjûo. • Elrbundkjûo hrivi mi kuän sirâd nd sjtudkjûo jmidn mispuês mi nd jotirviokjûo.

 

4.8. ]ÊKOJKD[ QDXD ND MI]IKKJÛO MI QXLHNIBD[

D. Kudmrl pdrd min nd minjbjtdkjûo  prlhnibdd  prlhnib

Nls lglsH. min knjioti

K. In doänjsjs MDEL

M. Nd riuojûo mi mjskusjûo

 

D. KYDMXL QDXD ND MINJBJ]DKJÛO MIN QXLHNIBD  OD]YXDNIWD  OD ]YXDNIWD

NLKDNJWDKJÛO

¼MÛOMI IVJ[]I<

¼MÛOMI OL IVJ[]I<

• ¼Io quê dspiktls is vjsjhni nd sjtudkjûo< • ¼Io risuntdmls, io prlkisls io josubls…< • ¼Io quê ärids `il`räejkds si nlkdnjzd< • ¼Dhdrkd d tlmd nd prlvjokjd, sûnl d uod iskuind l d uo kloguotl mi iskuinds<

¼Io quê dspiktl ol si bdojejistd< ¼Io quê ärids l suhsjstibds mi nd imukdkjûo prlvjokjdn ol istä  prisioti<

¼D quê plhndkjlois l dktlris ol deiktd istd sjtudkjûo<

BD@OJ]YM L IV]IO[JÛO

• ¼D kuäotds pirslods deiktd< • ¼Tuê kdrdktirâstjkds mi sixl, imdm, elrbdkjûo, klotixtl slkjdn tjioi isd plhndkjûo<

ELKDNJWDKJÛO L [I@BIO]DKJÛO

• ¼D tlmls deiktd plr j`udn< ¼Io quê plhndkjûo ol si fdki • ¼Quimio mjstjo`ujrsi `rupls l ivjmioti nd sjtudkjûo<  plhndkjlois qui istäo deiktdmds mjvirsdbioti plr in prlhnibd< • ¼Kuäotls slo nls joti`rdotis mi êstls `rupls<

QIXBDOIOKJD L FJ[]LXJD

•• ¼Is rikjioti< ¼[i uod vjioisjtudkjûo klostdtdoml mismi fdki bukfl l plkl tjibpl<

¼Io quê blbiotls ol si fd klostdtdml istd sjtudkjûo<

 

H. NL[ LGL[ MIN KNJIO]I Istd têkojkd mi jbd`jodkjûo klosjsti io ploirsi io in nu`dr mi ouistrl knjioti y bjrdr plr sus lgls pdrd ioklotrdr puotls mêhjnis y dspiktls io nls qui biglrdr. Nd sikuiokjd is nd sj`ujioti7 Jbd`joibls qui slbls ouistrl knjioti y piosibls io nds bltjvdkjlois qui tjioi y nds prisjlois d nds qui istä slbitjml.  Ouistrl knjioti ols klbpdrd klo ltrls plr nl qui tiomribls qui lhsirvdrnls pdrd vir quê lerikio.

]iomribls quiylhsirvdr ouistrl risuntdml y ouistrl sirvjkjl trdvês mibäs< nls lgls mi ouistrl knjioti fdkirti nd pri`uotd7 sj euirds in knjioti ¼quê dvdnlrdrâds

 

K. IN DOÄNJ[J[ MDEL MIHJNJMDMI[

DBIODWD[

ELX]DNIWD[

LQLX]YOJMDMI[

 

M. ND XIYOJÛO MI MJ[KY[JÛO

Is uol mi nls bêtlmls bäs eruktâeirls mi miskuhrjr lplrtuojmdmis, klbpdrtjr jmids i jojkjdr prlyiktls. Xiqujiri mi uo huio ojvin mi kloejdozd nls dsjstiotis y uodiotri pripdrdkjûo sibjistrukturdmd.

Qripdrdkjûo7 Ivjtdr pripdrdtjvls klbpnjkdmls. Murdkjûo io tlrol d nds 8 flrds. Klovlkdr nd mjskusjûo io tlrol d tibds qui prilkupio l jotirisio d tlmls. Mjsplsjkjûo mi nls dsjstiotis d sir plsjhni io kârkunl l io uo iotlrol kirkdol y d`rdmdhni qui edvlrizkd uo knjbd mi tirtunjd.

Io nd riuojûo7 In kllrmjodmlr md nd  hjioviojmd y krid uo knjbd Kdmd viz qui si ixprisd uod jojkjdn d`rdmdhni. In kllrmjodmlr, l hjio jmid, si doltd io uod tdrgitd In kllrmjodmlr jotrlmuki uo ibpjizd klo uod ixpirjiokjd qui si migd io in kiotrl.  pirslodn rindkjlodmd klo in tibd klo nd sj`ujioti Kudnqujir tdrgitd puimi sir tibd d trdtdr (qui sjrvd mi eûrbund7 „slbls uo `rupl mi rikl`jmd y fdhndr slhri nd jospjrdkjûo pdrd nls mibäs), l dbj`ls/klbpdôirls itk. qui si ri÷oio plrqui d tlmls ols  hjio md nd pdndhrd d dn`ujio ndjmid. Nlstdbhjêo klbiotdrjls slhri bjsbd si iskrjhio  pdrd qui nl fd`d. jotirisd/prilkupd in sj`ujioti io nd tdrgitd. tibd…‒. In kllrmjodmlr rikuirmd nds ri`nds.

Io tlml blbiotl fdy njhirtdm pdrd fdhndr dplrtdoml kudnqujir jmid duoqui istd si sdn`d mi nd klrrjioti mi piosdbjiotl min `rupl. In kllrmjodmlr rikl`i ejodnbioti nds jmids dplrtdmds y nds risubi y kloknuyi.

 

8. IVQNJKDKJÛO MIN QXLHNIBD 8.4 QD[L[ QDXD IO DOÄNJ[J[ MIN QXLHNIBD

Udnlrdr nd

Dkltdr. Miejojr

jbplrtdokjd

nls nâbjtis

Klolkir nds kdusds y klosikuiokjds

Bukfds vikis si jovjirtio bimjls ixkisjvls pdrd slnukjlodr prlhnibds qui ol tjioio tdotd jbplrtdokjd klbl ltrls. Mi dfâ vjioi qui risuntd kndvi mitirbjodr nd jbplrtdokjd klo krjtirjls lhgitjvls.

Nls prlhnibds `ioirdnbioti dpdrikio mi elrbd kloeusd i jomiejojmd.

Bimjdoti nds têkojkds mi dkltdr in  prlhnibd jomd`dbls slhri nds kdusds min bjsbl dn tjibpl qui nl miskrjhjbls.

Udnlrdr nd jbplrtdokjd mi uo  prlhnibd/lplrtuojmdm klosjsti io fdkir uo gujkjl privjl slhri nd trdskiomiokjd qui mjkfl

Dotis mi dklbitir su slnukjûo tioibls qui klolkirnl hjio y nni`dr d uo dkuirml `rupdn dkirkd mi quê is y quê ol is in prlhnibd. In prlhnibd

 prlhnibd/lplrtuojmdm tioir slhri ouistrls lhgitjvlsvdl dbitds.

sjibpri jrä rieirjml d uo lhgitjvl l bitd min `rupl.

Qirl dodnjzdr nds kdusds mi uo  prlhnibd puimi nnivdrols nni vdrols d miskuhrjr rindkjlois bäs prleuomds iotri nls mjstjotls inibiotls min iotlrol ndhlrdn.

 

8.8. ]ÊKOJKD[ QDXD IN DOÄNJ[J[ MI QXLHNIBD[

D. Kndsjejkdkjûo mi  prlhnibds IXJB

H. In bêtlml mi nls sijs jotirrl`dotis

M. In mjd`rdbd mi ispjod mi piz

K. Nd njstd mi 81 kdusds I.

Bdpds biotdnis

 

D. KND[JEJKDKJÛO MI QXLHNIBD[ IXJB (QDXD UDNLXDX ND JBQLX]DOKJD)

YXJB Jbplrtdoti + -

Yr`ioti -

+

 

H. IN BÊ]LML MI NL[ [IJ[ JO]IXXL@DO]I[ ¼Kuän is in prlhnibd< ¼Kuäoml sukimi< ¼Kûbl sukimi< ¼Mûomi sukimi< ¼Qlr quê ixjsti< ¼D qujêois deiktd<

 

K. ND NJ[]D K DY[D[ NJ[]D MI 81 KDY[D[

[i ridnjzd pripdrdoml uod njstd dbpnjd mi kdusds pltiokjdnis7 in lhgitjvl  häsjkl is ixpdomjr nls plsjhnis edktlris qui klb÷obioti si biokjlodo klbl `ioirdmlris min prlhnibd. In njstdml mi kdusds tjioi qui sir nui`l mipurdml pdrd sinikkjlodr nds bäs jbplrtdotis.

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M. IN MJD@XDBD MI I[QJOD MI QIW L MJD@XDBD MI J[FJCDPD.

 

M. IN MJD@XDBD MI I[QJOD MI QIW L MJD@XDBD MI J[FJCDPD.

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Is uod têkojkd qui pirbjti rivindr nds kdusds mi uo prlhnibd, lr`dojzäomlnds y  plomiräomlnds. [jbpnjejkd iolrbibioti in doänjsjs y biglrd nd slnukjûo mi kdmd  prlhnibd, dyumd d vjsudnjzdrnls biglr y d fdkirnls bäs iotiomjhnis.

 

M. IN MJD@XDBD MI I[QJOD MI QIW L MJD@XDBD MI J[FJCDPD

[I[JÛO 4 •

Miejojkjûo min prlhnibd. [i miejoi in prlhnibd kndrd y klokritdbioti, iskrjhjioml su miskrjpkjûo io in rikudmrl dn qui si mjrj`i nd enikfd min mjd`rdbd.

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Kdti`lrâds. Mi nd enikfd prjokjpdn vd d sdnjr = l 9 `rupls prjokjpdnis mi kdusds qui fdy qui miejojr. miejojr. Dn`uods kdti`lrâds klb÷obioti usdmds slo7 Bäqujods, Bdol mi lhrd, Bdtirjdn, Bêtlmls, Iotlrol, Bimjls, Olrbds, Lr`dojzdkjûo...

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Qrlmukkjûo mi Kdusds. In Kdusds. In `rupl prlmuki kdusds plsjhnis sj`ujioml dn`÷o bêtlml mi istjbundkjûo istjbundkjûo kridtjvd klbl in „hrdjostlrbjo`‒ l in „Mjd`rdbd mi Xlhslo‒. Isti pdsl puimi ridnjzdrsi dotis mi nd miejojkjûo mi kdti`lrâds.

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Kndsjejkdkjûo mi Kdusds. In Kdusds. In njstdml mi kdusds prlmukjmds si kndsjejkd y iskrjhi miotrl mi nds kdti`lrâds.

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Jokuhdr in mjd`rdbd. Dquâ mjd`rdbd. Dquâ ol tirbjod in doänjsjs mi kdusds sjol qui fdy qui migdr kjirtl tjibpl (4 l 8 mâds) pdrd plmir rienixjlodr slhri nl indhlrdml y plmir dplrtdr ouivds jmids.

Edsi 4 Edsi 8 Edsi ; Edsi = Edsi 9

 

M. IN MJD@XDBD MI I[QJOD MI QIW L MJD@XDBD MI J[FJCDPD

[I[JÛO 8 •

Doänjsjs mi Qrlhdhjnjmdmis. Qrlhdhjnjmdmis. Io uod si`uomd sisjûo si kndsjejkdo nds kdusds. Qrjbirl si miskdrtdo nds plkl prlhdhnis. In ristl si kndsjejkdo mi dkuirml d su vdnjmiz d prjlrj.

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Uirjejkdkjûo mi kdusds. Iotri nds kdusds bäs prlhdhnis is prikjsl klbprlhdr sj slo vänjmds l ol.

Edsi 5 Edsi 0

[I[JÛO ; •

Edsi 6

Doänjsjs mi mjspirsjûo. Yod viz jmiotjejkdmd nd kdusd prjokjpdn min prlhnibd is oikisdrjl huskdr nds rindkjlois qui êstd tjioi tj ioi klo ltrds plsjhnis kdusds.

 

I. BDQD[ BIO]DNI[ 

Qdrd su indhlrdkjûo si sj`uio nls sj`ujiotis pdsls7 [i tlbd uod flgd mi pdpin, `rdomi l piquiôd, si`÷o sid uo bdpd `rupdn l jomjvjmudn. In prlhnibd l dsuotl bäs jbplrtdoti si iskrjhi klo uod pdndhrd l si mjhugd io in kiotrl mi nd flgd. Nls prjokjpdnis tibds rindkjlodmls klo in prlhnibd jrrdmjdo mi nd jbd`io kiotrdn mi elrbd rdbjejkdmd. Mi isls tibds pdrtio jbä`iois l pdndhrds kndvis qui trdzdbls slhri nâoids dhjirtds, sjo  piosdr, mi elrbd dutlbätjkd pirl kndrd.  piosdr, kndrd. Nls bdpds biotdnis si puimio biglrdr y iorjquikir klo klnlris, jbä`iois, kûmj`ls y mjbiosjlois qui nis dôdmio jotirês, hinnizd i jomjvjmudnjm jomjvjmudnjmdm. dm.

 

;. H×[TYIMD MI [LNYKJLOI[ L DN]IXOD]JUD[



In iqujpl si dhlkd io isti blbiotl d prlploir slnukjlois. slnukjlois. In misdeâl is nl`rdr uod `rdo mjvirsjmdm mi jmids. Isti is in blbiotl io qui si riqujiri in bäxjbl mi kridtjvjmdm.

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[j tioibls hjio dodnjzdml y dkltdml in prlhnibd, präktjkdbioti fibls riklrrjml nd bjtdm min trdyiktl. Dflrd is  prikjsl huskdr slnukjlois. slnukjlois.

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Nd kridtjvjmdm si puimi istjbundr bimjdoti uod sirji mi têkojkds mi `ioirdkjûo mi jmids qui si hdsdo io in  prjokjpjl mi qui qui nds jmids qui sur`io sur`io io uo prlkisl mi `rupl slo supirjlris supirjlris d nd subd mi nds jmids jmids jomjvjmudnis. jomjvjmudnis.

 

;.4. ]ÊKOJKD[ QDXD HY[KDX [LNYKJLOI[ L DN]IXOD]JUD[

D. Hrdjostlrbjo` M. In `rupl olbjodn

H. Hrdjowrjtjo`

K. =x=x=

I.

E. [ijs slbhrirls  pdrd piosdr

Nd pikird

 

D. HXDJO[]LXBJO@ •

Jotrlmukjr nd sisjûo. Nd pirslod qui fdki mi kllrmjodmlr mi nd riuojûo pripdrd in knjbd dmikudml pdrd qui nls bjibhrls istêo rindgdmls y klo äojbl pdrd pdrtjkjpdr.

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Ixpnjkdr nds ri`nds. Qlstirjlrbioti in kllrmjodmlr ixpnjkd nds ri`nds. Is huiol iskrjhjrnds y ploirnds io nd pdrim pdrd qui quimio vjsjhnis io tlml blbiotl.

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Qrlmukkjûo mi jmids. [i puimi migdr njhribioti d nd isplotdoijmdm mi nls dsjstiotis l si puimi prlvlkdr pjmjioml d kdmd uol qui dplrti dn biols 8 jmids y nui`l nds vdydo klbiotdoml io kudnqujir lrmio. Nds jmids si doltdräo io uo nu`dr vjsjhni pdrd tlmls nls dsjstiotis.

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Klbiotdr nds jmids. Yod viz d`ltdmd nd tlrbiotd mi jmids is kloviojioti ripdsdr nl doltdml pdrd vir sj si fd iotiomjml hjio y sj tlml in `rupl nl vi klo j`udn kndrjmdm.

•

Qirjlml mi jokuhdkjûo. Is jbplrtdoti ol pdsdr mjriktdbioti mi nd prlmukkjûo mi jmids d nd ivdnudkjûo. Qdrd innl fdy qui `udrmdr uo pirjlml mi jokuhdkjûo mlomi si dsjiotio nds jmids bdojeistdmds plr in `rupl y si puimdo vdnlrdr klo uo krjtirjl bäs rdkjlodn.

Edsi 4 Edsi 8 Edsi ; Edsi = Edsi 9

 

D. HXDJO[]LXBJO@ •

• •

•

Edsi 5

Duoqui istd tdrid sirâd prlpjd mi ltrd sisjûo, tdbhjêo si puimi ridnjzdr d klotjoudkjûoo (io isti kdsl nd edsi mi jokuhdkjûo sirâd buy piquiôd l ol ixjstjrâd). klotjoudkjû Nd ivdnudkjûo klosjsti io7 [inikkjlodr mi iotri tlmds nds slnukjlois dquinnds qui d prjlrj slo bäs pndusjhnis. Mi êstds, jr uod d uod huskdoml nds viotdgds i jokloviojiotis mi kdmd uod (sj`ujioml uo prlkisl mi hrdjostlrbjo`). [i doltdräo viotdgds i jokloviojio jokloviojiotis tis mi kdmd uod io mls klnubods. Yod viz rivjsdmds tlmds, in `rupl plomirdrä nd jbplrtdokjd mi nls puotls plsjtjvls y oi`dtjvls mi kdmd uod. D trdvês mi isti prlkisl si sdkd nd puotudkjûo ejo.

 

H. HXDJOPXJ]JO@

D nd jomjkdkjûo mi qujio Is uod vdrjdoti min mjodbjzd, si kdbhjdo dn bjsbl Kdmd viz nds flgds vjioio klo Hrdjostlrbjo` l Nnuvjd mi bäs jmids y si vd dbpnjdoml In `rupl io kârkunl klo uo tjibpl tlmls nls pdpinis (plr jmids qui si ridnjzd plr iskrjtl. kdmd viz uo plkl bäs in Is ÷tjn pdrd nds pirslods klo  pdpin io hndokl plr pirslod. [i igibpnl, tlmls dn bjibhrl mi tjibpl. md uo tjibpl pdrd qui kdmd nd jzqujirmd, d tlmls/ds ols mjejkuntdmis pdrd fdhndr io bjibhrl jomjvjmudnbioti nni`do jmids qui iskrjhjû in ]rds vdrjds rlomds si niio io  p÷hnjkl. Klbhjod nd `ioirdkjûo mi jmids jomjvjmudn klo nd iskrjhd nds jmids quibjoutls si ni dotirjlr). [iqui niioiskrjhjû io vlz in hdgd vlz dntd tlmds nds jmids qui fdo lkurrdo (hdstd klo mls nds jmids sur`jml y si vdo rlmidoml klo `rupdn. y tris l kudtrl jmids). klbpdôirl/d y si iskrjhio uo kârkunl nds qui bäs `ustio dn [i puimi fdkir d mjstdokjd ouivds jmids (jospjrdmds l ol `rupl. (klrril iniktrûojkl, itk). io nds suyds).

 

K. =V=V= ]êkojkd `rupdn. In `rupl prlmuki jmids, prjbirl jomjvjmudnbioti y plstirjlrbioti io `rupl. [i prlmuki uod [inikkjûo kudnjtdtjvd mi nds jmids. Kdmd pdrtjkjpdoti iskrjhi jomjvjmudnbioti jomjvjmudnbioti io uo pdpin nds kudtrl jmids isiokjdnis dkirkd min elkl kridtjvl (Qlr igibpnl, "jmids pdrd nni`dr d ejo mi bis"). ]irbjodmd istd itdpd, in `rupl si klnlkd plr pdrigds. Kdmd pdrigd nni`d d uo dkuirml y iskrjhi nds kudtrl jmids isiokjdnis slhri in elkl kridtjvl. Qlstirjlrbioti si klnlkdo io `rupls mi kudtrl, y dsâ sukisjvdbioti fdstd qui in `rupl iotirl tjioi qui  ploirsi mi dkuirml dkuirml y mikjmjr kuänis slo slo nds kudtrl jmids isiokjdnis isiokjdnis dkirkd min elkl elkl kridtjvl l min prlhnibd. prlhnibd. Nds kudtrl jmids ejodnis e jodnis slo in rinjivi kudnjtdtjvl mi tlmd nd prlmukkjûo dotirjlr.

 

M. IN @XYQL OLBJODN

Is uo bêtlml istrukturdml buy iejkdz tdotl pdrd nd mitikkjûo mi  prlhnibds y oikisjmdmis oikisjmdmis klbl pdrd pdrd nd rislnukjûo mi prlhnibds y su klosiosl io `rupl. Xiqujiri mi uo kllrmjodmlr dmjistrdml io in usl mi nd têkojkd y ol oikisjtd qui iotri nls dsjstiotis fdyd uo inivdml ojvin mi kloejdozd.

Qripdrdkjûo

Io nd riuojûo

[i oikisjtd uo pdoin, pjzdrrd l pdrim pdrd  plmir pi`dr pi`dr io ên tdrgitds tdrgitds klo klo nds jmids jmids qui vdydo indhlrdoml nls pdrtjkjpdotis. ]dbhjêo si oikisjtdo rltundmlris, kdrtunjods y pi`dtjods piquiôds (l kudnqujir ltrl inibiotl qui sjrvd pdrd ibjtjr vltls slhri nds tdrgitds). Murdkjûo io tlrol d mls flrds. • ]dbdôl jmidn min `rupl iotri 9 y 41  pirslods.

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In kllrmjodmlr jotrlmuki in tibd, prlhnibd l kuistjûo dn `rupl. Qlstirjlrbioti nis ixpnjkd nds ri`nds mi nd riuojûo. •  (Io nd sj`ujioti mjdplsjtjvd si ixpnjkdo nds edsis d si`ujr io nd riuojûo)

 

M. IN @XYQL OLBJODN IO ND XIYOJÛO Edsi 4

@ioirdkjûo sjniokjlsd mi jmids. D jmids. D kdmd pirslod si ni iotri`do mi ; d 9 tdrgitds, Io kdmd uod tiomrä qui iskrjhjr uod jmid, slnukjûo dn  prlhnibd itk. itk. Xisplomjioml Xisplomjioml dn dn tibd prlpuistl. prlpuistl. Yod jmid plr tdrgitd. tdrgitd. Jmids Jmids sjbpnis sjbpnis y sjotêtjkds. sjotêtjkds. Murdkjûo Murdkjûo istjbdmd istjbdmd 49 bjoutls. bjoutls.

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Klbuojkdkjûo mi nds jmids. Kdmd jmids.  Kdmd kloelrbi jmidsd nls io nds pi`domlMurdkjûo io in pdoin l pdrim. istd edsi nd lhsirvdkjûo mi jmids iopdrtjkjpdoti in pdoin puimi jospjrdriskrjhi ouivdsndsjmids quikdrtunjods, d÷o ol ndsnds fdovdpi`dml. istjbdmd 41Murdoti bjoutls.

Edsi 8 Edsi ; Edsi = Edsi 9 Edsi

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Kndrjejkdkjûo mi jmids. In jmids.  In blojtlr rivjsd nds jmids y virjejkd su klbpriosjûo klotrdstdoml klo nls dutlris nl qui quirâdo mikjr klo innl. [j is oikisdrjl rielrbundr dn`uod erdsi, nl fdki in blojtlr. Murdkjûo istjbdmd ;1 bjoutls. Kndsjejkdkjûo jmids.y [i jmids. [i trdtd miiod`rupdr plr su sjbjnjtum `rupl d qui simi nivdoti klndhlri d`rupdrndsndsmjstjotds tdrgitds.dplrtdkjlois Murdkjûo istjbdmd7 41 bjo. mi klokiptl. Io istd edsi in blojtlr puimi dojbdr dn Ultdkjûo y kloknusjûo. kl oknusjûo. D kdmd pdrtjkjpdoti si ni iotri`do tris stjkcirs qui sirvjräo klbl sjstibd mi vltl mi nls mjstjotls `rupls klokiptudnis qui fdydo sdnjml. Fikfl in rikuiotl, si klnlkdo plr lrmio nds jmids risuntdotis. Murdkjûo dprlxjbdmd 49 bjoutls. Doänjsjs joelrbdkjûo. Qlstirjlrbioti d ndnni`û riuojûo, in kllrmjodmlr fdhrä rikl`jml tlmd nd joelrbdkjûo y indhlrdrä uo joelrbi qui klotio`d mi nlsndpdsls y nds kloknusjlois d nds qui in `rupl.

5  

I. ND QIKIXD Yo edkjnjtdmlr si iokuiotrd mi pji kirkd mi nd pikird. [u trdhdgl is

[i uhjkdo 9 l 5 sjnnds io uo kârkunl io in kiotrl mi nd sdnd, dpuotdoml fdkjd in kiotrl. `rupl sjnndsioisnls nd  pikird. [iIsti uhjkdo bäsmisjnnds dnrimimlris plr euird min kârkunl jotirol, tdbhjêo dpuotdoml dn kiotrl.

=milnd9 pdrtjkjpdotis lkupdo ndsnjhri). sjnnds pikird (uod sjnnd quimd Istls pdrtjkjpdotis slo nls pikis.

[lnl nls pikis puimio fdhndr. Bäs d÷o, sûnl puimio fdhndr sj fdy ixdktdbioti 4 sjnnd njhri io nd pikird. Io kudnqujir blbiotl, uo lhsirvdmlr puimi dvdozdr y siotdrsi io nd sjnnd njhri.

Kudoml istl lkurri nd mjskusjûo si mitjioi fdstd qui dn`uol mi nls pikis si ritjri vlnuotdrjdbioti y pdsi dn ärid mi nls lhsirvdmlris. Kudnqujir lhsirvdmlr puimi uojrsi d nd mjskusjûo io kudnqujir blbiotl lkupdoml nd sjnnd njhri.

Inioristl mi nlsdmjkjlodnis pdrtjkjpdotis sjiotdo nds sjnnds plrsi euird mi nd pikird. Innls slo nls lhsirvdmlris.

Yo pdrtjkjpdoti puimi pdsdr mi sir lhsirvdmlr d piz kudotds vikis qujird murdoti nd mjskusjûo.

bdotioir d nd mjskusjûo io nds blvjbjiotl, dsi`urdr qui si sj`do ri`nds mi nd pikird, y tlbdr oltds slhri kudnqujir puotl jotirisdoti qui surgd murdoti nd mjskusjûo.

]dbhjêo si pirbjti qui uo piz si ritjri dn ärid mi lhsirvdmlris io kudnqujir blbiotl, duoqui odmji si fdyd siotdml io nd sjnnd njhri. Io isti kdsl, nd mjskusjûo si mitjioi fdstd qui uo lhsirvdmlr si uod vlnuotdrjdbioti.

 

E. [IJ[ [IJ [ [LBHXIXL[ [ LBHXIXL[ QDXD QIO[DX. IMP IMPDXM DXM MI HLOL

Istd têkojkd is utjnjzdmd pdrd plmir dodnjzdr uod mikjsjûo mismi vdrjls  puotls mi vjstd l pirspiktjvds. Istl euirzd d kdbhjdr nd elrbd fdhjtudn mi  piosdr y ols dyumd d elrbdr mjeiriotis vjsjlois mi uod sjtudkjûo.

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Kdmd [lbhrirl is uo istjnl mjeirioti mi piosdbjiotl.

 

[LBHXIXL[ •

Klo isti piosdbjiotl mihibls ioelkdrols io nls mdtls mjsplojhnis. U Uir ir nd joelrbdkjûo qui tioibls y lhsirvdr quê plmibls plm ibls dpriomir mi innd. Qristdr dtiokjûo d nds "nd`uods" mi ouistrl klolkjbjiotl slhri nd sjtudkjûo, y trdtdr mi rinniodrnl l plr pl r nl biols tlbdr kuiotd mi innls.

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Klo êsti slbhrirl, plmibls vir nls prlhnibds utjnjzdoml nd jotujkjûo, nd ridkkjûo jotirjlr, y nd iblkjûo. ]dbhjêo ]dbhjêo mihibls trdtdr mi piosdr io kûbl ridkkjlodräo iblkjlodnbioti ltrds pirslods. Êsti, ltlr`d in pirbjsl pdrd ixprisdr nls siotjbjiotls y nds jotujkjlois sjo tioir qui mjskunpdrsi, sjo ixpnjkdkjlois y sjo tioir qui gustjejkdrsi.

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Ytjnjzdoml in slbhrirl oi`rl plmribls vir tlmls nls puotls pu otls bdnls mi uod mikjsjûo. Bjrdrnls kujmdmlsdbioti y d nd mieiosjvd. ]rdtdr mi vir plr quê plmrâd ol euokjlodr. Istl is jbplrtdoti plrqui risdntd nls puotls mêhjnis mi uo pndo. Istl pirbjti injbjodrnls, kdbhjdrnls, l pripdrdr uo pndo mi klotjo`iokjds pdrd mdr kuiotd mi innls.

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In slbhrirl dbdrjnnl ols dyumdrä d piosdr plsjtjvdbioti. Is in puotl mi vjstd lptjbjstd qui ols dyumdrä d vir tlmls nls hioiejkjls mi uod mikjsjûo y in vdnlr io innls.

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In slbhrirl virmi klrrisplomi d nd kridtjvjmdm. Dquâ is kudoml plmibls misdrrlnndr slnukjlois kridtjvds d uo prlhnibd. Is uod uo d elrbd njhri mi piosdbjiotl io nd kudn fdy plkl l ojo`÷o nu`dr pdrd nds krâtjkds. Dn`uods mi nds têkojkds pdrd misdrrlnndr nd kridtjvjmdm puimio sir utjnjzdmds io isti blbiotl.

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In slbhrirl dzun klostjtuyi in klotrln mi prlkisls. Isti is in slbhrirl qui utjnjzdo nds pirslods qui mjrj`io uod riuojûo. Kudoml si prisiotdo nds mjejkuntdmis plrqui ol

[lhrirl Hndokl

[lbhrirl Xlgl

[lbhrirl oi`rl

[lbhrirl Dbdrjnnl

[lbhrirl Uirmi

[lbhrirl Dzun

dpdrikio nds jmids, puimio mjrj`jr nds dktjvjmdmis fdkjd in slbhrirl virmi. Kudoml si oikisjtdo pndois mi klotjo`iokjd puimio lrjiotdrnls fdkjd in slbhrirl oi`rl, itk.

 

=. IUDNYDKJÛO MI DN]IXOD]JUD[ Z ]LBD MI MIKJ[JLOI[ 

Qdrd vdnlrdrnd dntirodtjvds kloviojiotibioti tioibls uod sirji mi krjtirjls7 Hioiejkjls lhgitjvls istjbdmls ¼quê `dodbls< Qrlhdhjnjmdm mi êxjtl istjbdmd ¼quê prlhdhjnjmdm tioibls mi nl`rdrnl< ¼Mipiomi mi olsltrls ploirnl io bdrkfd l ol< (mipiomiokjd jotirod l ixtirod) Bimjls oikisdrjls (pirslods, bdtirjdnis, itk.) ]jibpl istjbdml mi puistd io bdrkfd. Klstis dslkjdmls ¼quê rjis`ls vdbls d klrrir<

 

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Tuê fdkir sj mispuês mi nd vdnlrdkjûo mi dntirodtjvds ol ioklotrdbls slnukjlois dmikudmds7 dmikudmds7

Ulnvir d jotiotdr nd `ioirdkjûo mi jmids usdoml bêtlmls klbpnibiotdrjls. Xivjsdr in prlkisl mi doänjsjs min prlhnibd. Huskdr dyumd ixtirod „lgls njbpjls‒.

 

=.4. ]ÊKOJKD[ UDNLXDX Z ]LBDX MIKJ[JL MIKJ[JLOI[ OI[ ] ÊKOJKD[ QDXD UDNLXDX

D. In bêtlml mi klbpdrdkjûo plr pdris

H. Bdtrjz mi ivdnudkjûo mi nds istrdti`jds dntirodtjvds si`÷o kjokl krjtirjls `ioirdnis

K. Bêtlml klbhjodml

 

D. IN BÊ]LML MI KLBQDXDKJÛO QLX QDXI[

In bêtlml mi klbpdrdkjûo plr  pdris is uod elrbd siokjnnd mi ini`jr iotri uo kloguotl mi dntirodtjvds.

Klosjsti io klnlkdr io uod bdtrjz tlmds nds dntirodtjvds qui tioibls tdotl io in igi virtjkdn klbl io in flrjzlotdn, migdoml nd mjd`lodn njhri (qui riprisiotd nd klbpdrdkjûo mi uod dntirodtjvd klosj`l bjsbd).

Io kdmd jotirsikkjûo mi nd bdtrjz si klbpdrdo 8 mi nds dntirodtjvds y fdhrä qui ini`jr kuän mi nds mls risuntdplojioml bäs dmikudmd, su nitrd klrrisplomjioti io nd kudmrâkund.

Dsâ si prlkimi klo tlmds nds klbpdrdkjlois y dn ejodn si subdo in

Isti prlkisl si  puimi ridnjzdr  prjbirl mi elrbd jomjvjmudn y nui`l subdr nls

o÷birl mi ini`jmd vikis qui dpdriki kdmd dntirodtjvd.

risuntdmlspdrd jomjvjmudnis nni`dr d uo risuntdml mi `rupl.

Klo istls mdtls si njstdo nds dntirodtjvds plr lrmio mi inikkjûo  guotl klo in o÷birl mi vltls ejodn.

 

D. IN BÊ]LML MI KLBQDXDKJÛO QLX QDXI[ Dntirodtjvds

D

D

 

H

 

K

 

M

 

]ltdn

 

H

K

M

]ltdn

 

H. BD]XJW IUDNYDKJÛO DNYDKJÛO MI ND[ N D[ I[]XD I[]XD]I@JD[ ]I@JD[ BD]XJW MI IU DN]IXOD DN ]IXOD]JU ]JUD[ D[ [I@×O KJOKL KXJ]IXJL[ @IOIXDNI @IOIXDNI[. [.  

Elrtdnizds io Krjtirjl mi êxjtl Krjtirjl mi nds qui si dplyd (iejkdkjd) klstl/ riotdhjnjmdm

Istrdti`jd „D‒

 

Istrdti`jd „H‒

 

Istrdti`jd „K‒

 

Istrdti`jd „M‒

 

Krjtirjl mi mjejkuntdm tikolnû`jkd

Krjtirjl mi klosiosl y ni`jtjbjmdm

]ltdn

 

9. MJ[IÔDX ND JO]IXUIOKJÛO

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Io isti blbiotl yd tioibls klokjiokjd mi quê dkkjlois vdbls d ridnjzdr. Is kuistjûo mi pndojejkdr uo kdniomdrjl y dsj`odr risplosdhjnjmdmis. risplosdhjnjmdmis.

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Duo dsâ, nd dprlhdkjûo mi bukfds mi nds jojkjdtjvds mi biglrd qui vdydbls d ploir io bdrkfd ol mipiomi mjriktdbioti mi olsltrls. Qlr innl tiomribls qui jotrlmukjr uod dkkjûo dmjkjlodn7 nd viotd mi nds bjsbds.

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Io risubio, tioibls qui mdr mls pdsls7 pndojejkdkjûo mi dkkjlois y bdrcitjo` y viotd min pndo .

 

9.4 QNDOJEJKDKJÛO MI DKKJLOI[ Elrbdnjzdr nd dntirodtjvd d tlbdr d trdvês mi uo pndo mi dkkjûo is isiokjdn pdrd dsi`urdr su êxjtl, yd qui si dsubio risplosdhjnjmdmis jomjvjmudnis y klniktjvds pdrd ridnjzdr tdrids io uo tjibpl mitirbjodml. In mjsiôl mi nd jotirviokjûo is nd prl`rdbdkjûo kujmdmlsd y bjoukjlsd mi tlmds nds dkkjlois, rlnis, oikisdrjls rikursls, mikjsjlois pndzls, jostrubiotls, dsislrdbjiotls pdrd nnivdrduxjnjdris, dmindoti in prlkisl mi biglrd. bêtlmls y [j fibls ridnjzdml hjio nls pdsls dotirjlris, y tlml in iqujpl fd istdml pdrtjkjpdoml dktjvdbioti io tlmds nds edsis min prlkisl, dflrd si siotjräo jovlnukrdmls io nd tdrid y sirä bukfl bäs eäkjn dsubjr risplosdhjnjmdmis.

 

5. MI[DXXLNNDX ND JO]IXUIOKJÛO

Nd sj`ujioti njstd mi pri`uotds puimi sir jomjkdtjvd mi istls prjbirls pdsls7 In misdrrlnnl mi uod jotirviokjûo is iotiomjml dquâ klbl nd jbpnibiotdk jbpnibiotdkjûo. jûo. Nd jbpnibiotdkjûo istä bäs dnnä mi uod bird klomuktd ixtirjlr y bikäojkd mi kubpnjr, mi fdkir. In kloguotl mi nds prjbirds bimjmds istrdtê`jkds is uo pdsl jojkjdn mi nd jbpnibiotdkjûo.

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¼Kuänis slo nds kjokl bimjmds bäs jbplrtdotis qui mihio sir tlbdmds pdrd ploir io bdrkfd in prl`rdbd mi jotirviokjûo< ¼Kûbl mihio sir klbuojkdmds istds bimjmds< ¼Tujêois mihio istdr, io elrbd jbpriskjomjhni, dntdbioti

bltjvdmls klbprlbitjmls io nd puistd io bdrkfd7 mjriktjvls, ymlkiotis, supirvjslris, dmbjojstrdtjvls,  pdmris, dnubols, dsislris têkojkls< • ¼Tuê jbprivjstls plmrâdo sukimir nui`l mi nd puistd io bdrkfd< • ¼Tuê ristrjkkjlois si ispirdo io in bimjdol pndzl<

Nd klostjtukjûo y lr`dojzdkjûo mi iqujpls mi trdhdgl suploi uo kloguotl mi mikjsjlois  pirtjoiotis y oikisdrjds mi dkuirml dn dn  pdrdmj`bd mi mi `istjûo imukdtjvd imukdtjvd qui dquâ dquâ si trdtd mi prisiotdr. In njmirdz`l mi nd jotirviokjûo istä tdbhjêo slstiojml plr in dklbpdôdbjiotl, nd dojbdkjûo y in rispdnml mi nds pirslods qui trdhdgdo io nds mjeiriotis dkkjlois y rlnis mjsiôdmls.

 

0. IUDNYDX NL[ NL@XL[ Nd ÷ntjbd itdpd io nd bitlmlnl`âd mi rislnukjûo mi prlhnibds istä bdrkdmd plr nd ivdnudkjûo min nl`rl, min kdbhjl mi klbplrtdbjiotl lr`dojzdkjlodn y mi nd biglrd.

Istl ol mihi iotiomirsi klbl qui dotirjlrbioti ol fdyd fdhjml blbiotls y ispdkjls mi ivdnudkjûo. In misdrrlnnl y njmirdz`l mi nd jotirviokjûo joknuyio blbiotls ispikâejkls y ispikjdnis mi ivdnudkjûo.

In tjibpl mi ivdnudkjûo klokritd in siotjml bäs prleuoml mi uod bitlmlnl`âd mi nd dkkjûo qui utjnjzd nls prlhnibds klbl edktlr mi biglrd. Nd ivdnudkjûo si vjokund istrikfdbioti klo biglrd y klo dpriomjzdgi.

In prjbir pdsl is tlbdr mikjsjlois rispiktl dn tjpl mi ivdnudkjûo qui si qujiri si`÷o nl qui si qujiri ivdnudr, pdrd quê si vd d ivdnudr y qujêois vdo d ivdnudr. Nd ivdnudkjûo is uod jovistj`dkjûo, plr nl qui q ui mihi misiovlnvirsi si`÷o nls käolois kjiotâejkls pdrd su misdrrlnnl io bdtirjd mi vdnjmiz y kloejdhjnjmdm mi nls risuntdmls.

Nl bäs jbplrtdoti mi nd ivdnudkjûo vjioi uod viz v iz qui in „joelrbi‒ istä njstl7 is nd klbuojkdkjûo, in mjänl`l y nd mjskusjûo slhri nls

risuntdmls.

 

XIEIXIOKJD[ 

@drkâd, @. ltikd.utik.imu.sv/sjdh/vjrtudn/ & Wdyds, I. (se) In prlkisl miinjhrls\jotiroit/9905=.pme  slnukjûo mi prlhnibds. Mjsplojhni io7 fttp7//hjhnjltikd.utik.imu.sv fttp7//hjhnj /sjdh/vjrtudn/injhrls\jotiroit /9905=.pme    

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Firoäomiz, @. (8148) Bdoudn mi `istjûo y rislnukjûo mi kloenjktls. Mjsplojhni io7 fttp7//jomisln.`lh.bx/kimlk fttp7//jomis ln.`lh.bx/kimlk/pme/JJ.%81Joknus /pme/JJ.%81Joknusj%K;%H;o%8 j%K;%H;o%81y%81Klfi 1y%81Klfisj%K;%H;o% sj%K;%H;o%81[lkjdn/Qrivio 81[lkjdn/Qriviokj%K;% kj%K;% H;o%81y%81@istj%K;%H;o%81mi%81kloenjktls/Bdoudn%81mi%81@istjlo%81y%81Xislnukjlo%81Kloenjkt ls.pme    Bjojstirjl mi Joknusjûo ikloûbjkd y slkjdn (8146) @uâd pdrd nd slnukjûo mi kloenjktls. Mjsplojhni io7 fttps7//www.joknusjlo.`lh.ik/wp-klotiot/upnldms/8146/48/hlrrdmlr\mi\`ujd\pdrd\slnukj%K;%H;o\mi\kloenjktl s1:91;0=1149=1849519.pme    YOJNILO (814=) ]lbd mi mikjsjlois y slnukjûo mi prlhnibds. Mjsplojhni io7