SOLIDWORKS MODULE
MOHD AZWIR AZLAN MOHD FAHRUL HASSAN
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL DAN PEMBUATAN UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
SOLIDWORKS
MODULE:
FACILITATOR / LECTURER: 1) Name: Mr. Mohd Azwir bin Azlan e-mail:
[email protected] Tel:
07-4537727
Room: C16-101-02
2) Name: Mr. Mohd Fahrul bin Hassan e-mail:
[email protected] Tel:
07-4538475
Room: CAE 1 Lab
A.
AIMS The goal of this course is to provide student in skill and design technique to produce 3D modeling by using SolidWorks / Catia software.
B.
LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this course, student will be able to use and appreciate the knowledge and skill had learned to: 1. Draw and produce 3D modeling drawing by using SolidWorks software. 2. Produce detail drawing according to the legal standards of the Engineering drawing practice. 3. Demonstrate the ability to produce a drawing project with proper scale and dimensioning. 4. Communicate and work in a group efficiently and effectively through given assignments and project.
C.
LEARNING CONTENTS This module consists:
A-1
Unit 1:
Introduction to SolidWorks Software.
Unit 2:
Sketching
Unit 3:
Basic Modeling Technique
Unit 4:
Assembly Parts
Unit 5:
Detail Drawing
E.
REFERENCES 1. SolidWorks Essentials - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Advanced Part Modeling - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 3. Advanced Assembly Modeling - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 4. SolidWorks Drawing - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA.
A-2
TABLE OF CONTENT
UNIT
TITLE
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDWORKS SOFTWARWE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Learning Outcomes 1.3 Learning Contents 1.3.1 Wire frame, Surface & Solid Modeling History 1.3.2 What is SolidWorks 1.3.3 Terminology and SolidWorks Software Characteristics 1.3.3.1 Featured-based 1.3.3.2 Parametric Solid Modeling 1.3.3.3 Fully Associative 1.3.4 Design Intent 1.3.4.1 Some Examples of Different Design Intent in a Sketch 1.3.4.2 How Feature Affect Design Intent 1.3.5 Open & Exit Program 1.3.6 Open & Save File 1.3.7 Parts, Assemblies & Drawings 1.3.8 Software Interface 1.3.8.1 Left Side of SolidWorks Window 1.3.8.2 Right Side of SolidWorks Wndow – The Task Pane 1.3.8.3 Toolbar 1.3.8.4 System Feedback 1.3.9 Mouse Button 1.3.10 Customize Option 1.4 References
UNIT 2
A-3
SKETCHING 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Learning Outcomes 2.3 Learning Contents 2.3.1 Why Needs Sketches? 2.3.2 Planes 2.3.3 Sketch Entities and Geometry 2.3.4 Sketch Complexity 2.3.5 Mechanics of Sketching 2.3.6 Beginning a Sketch (Draw Rectangle) 2.3.7 Rules That Govern Sketches 2.3.8 The Status of a Sketch 2.3.9 Making a Fully Define Sketch 2.3.9.1 Sketch Relation 2.3.9.2 Add Relation 2.3.9.3 Dimension 2.3.9.4 Dimensioning a Sketch 2.3.10 Others Important 2D Sketch Command
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2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-12 2-12 2-12 2-14
2.4
2.5 UNIT 3
UNIT 4
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2.3.10.1 Fillet 2.3.10.2 Offset 2.3.10.3 Convert Entities 2.3.10.4 Trim Entities 2.3.10.5 Mirror Entities Activities / Exercise 2.4.1 Exercise I 2.4.2 Exercise II 2.4.3 Exercise III References
2-14 2-14 2-16 2-16 2-19 2-20 2-20 2-21 2-21 2-22
BASIC MODELING TECHNIQUE 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Learning Outcomes 3.3 Learning Contents 3.3.1 3D Modeling Terminology 3.3.2 Choosing the Best Profile 3.3.3 Choosing the Sketch Plane 3.3.4 Features and Commands 3.3.5 Views 3.3.6 Revolve Feature 3.3.7 Sweep Feature 3.3.8 Loft Feature 3.3.9 Fillet Feature 3.3.10 Chamfer Feature 3.3.11 Rib Feature 3.3.12 Draft Feature 3.3.13 Hole Wizard 3.3.14 Pattern 3.3.15 Reference Geometry Creating Plane Creating Axis Creating Coordinate System Creating Point 3.3.16 Families of Parts 3.4 Activities / Exercise 3.4.1 Exercise 1 3.4.2 Exercise 2 3.4.3 Exercise 3 3.4.4 Exercise 4 3.4.5 Exercise 5 3.4.6 Exercise 6 3.4.7 Exercise 7 3.5 References
3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-4 3-6 3-9 3-10 3-10 3-12 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-18 3-18 3-20 3-21 3-22 3-22 3-24 3-24 3-24 3-25 3-26 3-27 3-28 3-29 3-31
ASSEMBLY PARTS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Learning Outcomes 4.3 Learning Contents 4.3.1 Assemblies
4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1
4.4
4.5 UNIT 5
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4.3.1.1 Overview 4.3.1.2 FeatureManager Design Tree Conventions 4.3.1.3 Display of Components 4.3.1.4 Adding Components to an Assembly 4.3.1.5 Design Method 4.3.2 Moving and Rotating Components 4.3.2.1 Moving a Component 4.3.2.2 Rotating a Component 4.3.2.3 Triad 4.3.3 Mates 4.3.3.1 Suppressing a Mating Relationship 4.3.3.2 Best Practices for Mates 4.3.3.3 Types of Mates 4.3.3.4 View Mates / View Mates Error 4.3.3.5 Solving Mate Problem 4.3.4 Interferences Detection 4.3.5 Exploding an Assembly View 4.3.5.1 Creating and Editing Exploded Views 4.3.6 Physical Simulation 4.3.6.1 Gravity 4.3.6.2 Linear or Rotary Motor 4.3.6.3 Linear Springs 4.3.6.4 Recording and Replaying a Simulation Activities / Exercise 4.4.1 Activity 4.4.2 Exercise 1 4.4.3 Exercise 2 References
DETAIL DRAWING 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Learning Outcomes 5.3 Learning Contents 5.3.1 Overview 5.3.2 Sheet Formats and Templates 5.3.2.1 Properties in The Template 5.3.2.2 Customizing a Sheet Format 5.3.2.3 Creating a Drawing 5.3.2.4 Size of the Sheet 5.3.2.5 The Drawing Window 5.3.2.6 Sheet Properties 5.3.2.7 Sheet Format / Size 5.3.2.8 Scales in Drawing 5.3.3 Dimensions 5.3.3.1 Inserting Dimensions into Drawings 5.3.3.2 Setting Dimensions Option 5.3.3.3 AutoDimension a Drawing 5.3.3.4 Parallel Dimensions 5.3.3.5 Reference Dimensions
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5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-6 5-7 5-7 5-8 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-13 5-14
5.4 5.5
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5.3.3.6 Baseline Dimensions 5.3.3.7 Chamfer Dimensions 5.3.3.8 Modify Dimensions 5.3.4 Drawing Views 5.3.4.1 Standard 3 View 5.3.4.2 Model View 5.3.4.3 Relative to Model View 5.3.5 Bill of Materials 5.3.5.1 Bill of Materials – Rows 5.3.5.2 Bill of Material – Column 5.3.5.3 Bill of Material - Contents 5.3.6 Center Mark & Center Line 5.3.6.1 Center Mark PropertyManager 5.3.7 Annotation and Sectioning 5.3.7.1 Inserting Annotation into Drawings 5.3.7.2 Annotation Options Overview Activities / Exercise References
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOLIDWORKS SOFTWARE
1.1
INTRODUCTION This Module discusses the wireframe, surface and solid modeling history, terminology and SolidWorks software characteristics, design intent, open & exit program, Software interface, toolbar, mouse button and customize option.
1.2
LEARNINGS OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe the key characteristics of a feature-based, parametric solid modeler.
Distinguish between sketched and applied features.
Identify the principal components of the SolidWorks user interface.
Explain how different dimensioning methodologies convey diferent design intents.
1.3
LEARNING CONTENTS
1.3.1
Wire frame, Surface and Solid Modeling History
Initial stage – CAD is used to prepare only 2D drawing (Orthographic & Isometric)
Then, it develops to a 3D wireframe drawing. It is created by specifying each edge of the physical object where two mathematically continuous smooth surfaces meet, or by connecting an object's constituent vertices using straight lines or curves. Disadvantage – confusing
Figure 1.1: Sample rendering of a wireframe cube, icosahedron, and approximate sphere.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
For visualization of the underlying design structure of a 3D model, surface modeling is introduced. o
Advantages – more realistic view
o
Disadvantages - powerful computer needed - cannot do engineering analysis because no mass created
Then Solid Modeling is develops to create an engineering drawing and also to produce advanced engineering analysis (FEA). o
Disadvantages – any mistake can cause modeling work had to be redo.
Recently, new advance modeling is develops based on parametric modeling and features based modeling to make modeling work become easier.
1.3.2
What is SolidWorks?
SolidWorks is design automation software.
In SolidWorks, you sketch ideas and experiment with different designs to create 3D models.
SolidWorks is used by students, designers, engineers, and other professionals to produce simple and complex parts, assemblies, and drawings.
1.3.3
Terminology and SolidWorks Software Characteristics
1.3.3.1
Featured-based
Made up of a number of individual piece part
Figure 1.2: Concept of featured based modeling
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
Applied
Applied
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Figure 1.3: Different plane on featured based.
Figure 1.4: Multiple feature sketch on many plane.
Can be classified as either sketched or applied 9 Sketched Feature: Is based upon a 2D sketch. Generally that sketch is transformed into a solid by extrusion, rotation, sweeping or lofting. 9 Applied Feature: Created directly on the solid model. Fillets and chamfers are examples of this type of feature.
1.3.3.2
Parametric solid modeling
1.3.3.3
Enable you to quickly and easily make changes to the model
Fully associative
Model is fully associative to the drawings and assemblies that reference it.
Any model changes will reflect the associated drawings and assembly.
Figure 1.5: File references
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.4
Design Intent
Is your plan as to how the model should behave when it is changed.
For example: if you model a boss with a blind hole in it, the hole should move when the boss is moved.
1.3.4.1
Several factors contribute to how you capture design intent: o
Automatic relations
o
Equations
o
Added relations
o
Dimensioning
Some examples of different design intent in a sketch
(a) Dimensioned like this will keep the holes 20 mm from each end regardless of how the overall plate width is changed.
(b) Dimensioned like this will keep the holes positioned relative to the left edge of the plate. The positions of the holes are not affected by changes in the overall width of the plate.
(c)
Dimensioning from the edge and center to center will maintain the distance between the hole centers and allow it to be changed that way.
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1.3.4.2
How feature affect Design Intent The choice of features and the modeling methodology are also important. For example, consider the case of a simple stepped shaft as shown below. There are several ways a part like this could be built.
o
The “Layer Cake” Approach
o
The Manufacturing Approach
o
The “Potter’s Wheel” Approach
The “Layer Cake” Approach Builds the part one pieces at a time, adding each layer, or feature, onto the previous one.
The Manufacturing Approach Modeling mimics the way the part would be manufactured. For example, if this stepped shaft was turned on a lathe, you would start with a piece of bar stock and remove material using a series of cuts.
The “Potter’s Wheel” Approach Builds the part as a single, revolved feature.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.5
Open & Exit Program Running Programs
The quickest way to start a program is to double-click on a desktop shortcut.
Some programs may not have desktop shortcuts.
The Programs menu lists the entire application programs resident on the computer.
Exit a Program
Select
If the file has unsaved changes, you have the chance to save them
or click File, Exit to end a program.
before exiting.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.6
Open & Save File Opening a File
The quickest way to open a file is to double-click on it.
The File menu displays your most recently used files.
Display most recently used files
Saving and Copying Files
Saving a file preserves the changes that you have made to it.
Use File, Save As to copy a file.
File, Save As creates an exact duplicate of the file as it existed at the moment that you copied it.
1.3.7
Parts, Assemblies & Drawings
The SolidWorks model is made up of: o
Parts
ο
Assemblies
ο
Drawings
Parts are single three-dimensional (3D) objects. Parts are the basic building blocks of 3D modeling. Parts can be included as components in assemblies and represented in drawings.
Assemblies are logical collections of components. These components can be parts or other assemblies. An assembly within an assembly is called a subassembly.
Drawings are 2D representations of 3D parts or assemblies. Drawings are needed for manufacturing, quality assurance, supply chain management, and other functions.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
Parts, assemblies, and drawings are associative. This means that changes in one place are reflected in all of the places that they need to be reflected. Changes that you make to an assembly are reflected in the drawings of that assembly. Changes that you make to a part are reflected in the assembly.
Typically, you design each part, combine the parts into assemblies, and generate drawings in order to manufacture the parts and assemblies.
The following illustration shows the relationship among parts, assemblies, and drawings.
Figure 1.6: Relationship among parts, assemblies, and drawings
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.8
Software Interface The first thing you may notice about the user interface is that it looks like Windows. That is because it is Windows! The interface is how you interact with the computer in the following ways:
Use windows to view files.
Use the mouse to select buttons, menus, and model elements.
Run programs — like SolidWorks mechanical design software.
Find, open, and work with files.
Create, save, and copy files.
Menu provides access to many of the commands hat the SolidWorks software offers.
Figure 1.7: SolidWorks Interface
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.8.1
Left Side of SolidWorks Window
Feature Manager design tree™
Property Manager
Configuration Manager
FeatureManager Design Tree
Displays all the features in a part or assembly
As features are created they are added to the FeatureManager design tree.
Represents the chronological sequence of modeling operations.
PropertyManager Menus
Most SolidWorks commands are executed through PropertyManager menus.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
Configuration Manager
To create, select, and view multiple configurations of parts and assemblies in a document.
1.3.8.2
Right Side of SolidWorks Window - The Task Pane The Task Pane appears when you open the SolidWorks software. It contains the following tabs:
SolidWorks Resources
Groups of commands for Getting Started, Community, and Online Resources, plus Tip of the Day.
Design Library
Reusable parts, assemblies, and other elements, including Library Features.
File Explorer
Duplicate of Windows Explorer on your computer, plus Recent Documents and Open in SolidWorks.
The Task Pane can be in the following states:
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.8.3
Toolbar Buttons for frequently used commands.
1.3.8.4
You can select the toolbars to display.
Toolbars are displayed at the top and sides of the window.
You can also access the toolbars from the Command Manager.
System Feedback
Provided by a symbol attached to the cursor arrow indicating what are you selecting or what the system is expecting you to select.
The illustration at the right shows some of the symbols.
1.3.9
Mouse Button
•
Middle Dynamically rotates – pans or zooms a part or assembly. Press + move mouse – rotate a part or assembly.
•
Left Select object such as geometry, menu buttons and
•
Right Activates a context sensitive shortcut menu.
objects in the Feature Manager design tree.
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Unit 1 – Introduction to SolidWorks Software
1.3.10 Customize Option o
Use to customize the SolidWorks software to reflect such things as your company drafting standards as well as your individual preferences and work environment.
o
Control settings like: 9 Units: English (inches) or Metric (millimeters) 9 Colours, Material Properties and Image Quality
o
Located on the Tools menu or click icon
o
Several levels of customization:9 System Option – will affect every document and every times you open your SolidWorks session. 9 Document properties – applied to the individual document.
1.4
REFERENCES 1. SolidWorks Essentials - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 2. SolidWorks 2007 Online User’s Guide – SP0.0 3. SolidWorks 2005 – Hand-on Quick Start
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
UNIT 2 SKETCHING
2.1
INTRODUCTION This Module introduces 2D Sketching, the basic of modeling in SolidWorks. It discusses the Planes, sketch entities and geometry (Line, Box, Circle, Centerpoint Arc, Tangent Arc, Three point Arc, Ellipse, Spline, Point, Fillet and Center lines), Sketch status, Sketch relations, Dimensioning, Fillet, Offset, Trim, Convert and Mirror.
2.2
LEARNINGS OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Insert a new sketch.
Add sketch geometry.
Establish sketch relation between pieces of geometry.
Understand the state of the sketch.
Use sketch tools to add fillets.
Extrude the sketch into a solid.
2.3
LEARNING CONTENTS
2.3.1
Why needs sketches?
Solid models are built from features. Shape features have sketches.
Sketched features are built from 2D profiles.
Illustration below shows how a given sketch can form the basis of several different types of features.
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Unit 2 – Sketching
Example 1
Example 2
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Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.2
Planes
Since sketches are flat, or planar, it needs a plane on which to sketch. A SolidWorks part contains three default sketch planes. Default planes - Front, Top, and Right
Figure 2.1: Three default references planes intersect at the origin
Correspond to the standard principle drawing views: o
Front = Front or Back view
o
Top = Top or Bottom view
o
Right = Right or Left view
Figure 2.2: Selecting a plane according to the model
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Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.3
Sketch Entities and Geometry SolidWorks offers a rich variety of sketch tool for creating profile geometry. Table below shows some of the sketch entities that are available on the sketch toolbar.
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2.3.4
Sketch Complexity In many cases, you can produce the same result by creating an extruded feature with a complex profile, or an extruded feature with a simpler profile and some additional features.
For example, if the edges of an extrusion need to be rounded, you can draw a complex sketch that contains sketch fillets (A), or draw a simple sketch and add the fillets as separate features later (B).
A) Complex sketch
B) Simple sketch
Extrude
Add fillet feature
Consider your design intent: o
Complex sketches rebuild faster. Sketch fillets can be recalculated much faster than fillet features, but complex sketches can be harder to create and edit.
o
Simple sketches are more flexible and easier to manage. Individual features can be reordered and suppressed, if necessary.
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2.3.5
Mechanics of Sketching To sketch geometry, there are two techniques can be used:
Click-Click Select line. Position the cursor where you want the line to start. Click (press and release) the left mouse button. Move the cursor to where you want the line to end. A preview of the sketch entity will follow the cursor like a rubber band. Click the left mouse button a second time.
Click and Drag Select line. Position the cursor where you want the line to start. Press and hold the left mouse button. Drag the cursor to where you want the sketch entity to end. A preview of the sketch entity will follow the cursor like a rubber band. Release the left mouse button.
2.3.6
Beginning a Sketch (Draw Rectangle) i)
Click Sketch on the Sketch toolbar.
ii)
Select the Front plane as a sketch plane.
iii)
Click Rectangle on the Sketch Tools toolbar.
iv)
Move the pointer to the origin and click the left mouse button.
vi)
Drag the pointer up and to the right Click the left mouse button.
Sketch tool Rectangle tool
Sketch origin
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Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.7
Rules That Govern Sketches Different types of sketches will yield different results. Several different types are summarized in the table below. It is important to note that some of the techniques shown in the table below are advanced techniques that are not covered here and need more experience user.
Sketch Type
Description
Special Considerations
A typical “standard” sketch that is a neatly closed contour.
None required.
Multiple nested contours create a boss with an internal cut.
None required.
Open contour creates a thin feature with constant thickness.
None required.
Corners are not neatly closed.
Rebuilt Error. Unable to create feature due to geometry condition.
Sketch contains a self intersecting contour.
Use the Contour Select Tool. If both contour are selected, this type of sketch will create a Multibody Solid. Although this will work, multibodies are an advanced modeling technique that you should not use until you have more experience.
This sketch of the first feature contains disjoint contours.
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This type of sketch will create a Multibody Solid. Although this will work, multibodies are an advanced modeling technique that you should not use until you have more experience.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.8
The Status of a Sketch
Under defined o
There is inadequate definition of the sketch.
o
You can drag endpoints, lines, or curves until the sketch entity changes shape.
o
Additional dimensions or relations are required.
o
Under defined sketch entities are blue (by default).
Fully defined o
The sketch has complete information.
o
No additional dimensions or relationships are required.
o
Fully defined sketch entities are black (by default).
Over defined o
Contains duplicate dimensions or conflicting relations and it should not be used until repaired.
o
Over defined sketch entities are red (by default).
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2.3.9
Making a Fully Define Sketch
Design intent in a sketch is captured and controlled by a combination of two things: o
Sketch Relation Create geometric relationships such as parallel, collinear, perpendicular, or coincident between sketch elements.
o
Dimensions Dimension are used to define the size and location of the sketch geometry. Linear, radial, diameter and angular dimensions can be added.
To fully define a sketch and capture the desired design intent requires understanding and applying a combination of relations and dimension.
2.3.9.1 Sketch Relation
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Concentric between two or more arcs or circle. Coradial between two or more arcs or circle. Tangen between line with arc/circle or between arc/circle with arc/circle.
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Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.9.2
Add Relations
Appears when you click Add Relation
on the
Dimensions/Relations toolbar.
Appears when you select multiple sketch entities in the graphics area.
Or, right-click the entity or entities, and select Add Relation from the short-cut menu.
2.3.9.3
Or, click Tools, Relations, Add…
Dimension
It is used to define the size.
In SolidWorks, dimensions are not just static numbers that tell you the size of something. Instead, the dimensions are used to change the size and shape of the model.
The type of dimension is determined by the items on which you click. For example, if you pick an arc the system creates a radial dimension. If you pick a circle, you get a diameter dimension, while selecting two parallel lines creates a linear dimension between them.
2.3.9.4
Dimensioning a Sketch i)
You dimension 2D or 3D sketch entities with the Smart Dimension tool.
ii)
You can drag or delete a dimension while the Smart Dimension tool is active.
iii)
Click Smart Dimension
on the Dimensions/Relations
toolbar, or click Tools, Dimensions, Smart. The default dimension type is Parallel. iv)
Select the items to dimension, as shown in the table 1.
v)
As you move the pointer, the dimension snaps to the closest orientation.
vi)
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Click to place the dimension.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Table 1: Item to be Dimensioning To dimension the...
Click...
Note:
Length of a line or edge The line. Angle between two lines Two lines, or a line and a model edge.
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Distance between two lines
Two parallel lines or a line and a parallel model edge.
Perpendicular distance from a point to a line
The point and the line or model edge.
Distance between two points
Two points.
Radius of an arc
The arc.
True length of an arc
The arc, then the two end points.
Diameter of a circle
The circumference.
Placement of the dimension affects the way the angle is measured.
One of the points can be a model vertex.
Displayed as linear or diameter, depending on placement.
Distance when one or The centerpoint or the both entities is an arc or circumference of the arc a circle or circle, and the other entity (line, edge, point, etc.).
By default, distance is measured to the centerpoint of the arc or circle, even when you select the circumference.
Midpoint of a linear edge
You can also dimension to midpoints when you add baseline or ordinate dimensions.
Right-click the edge whose midpoint you want to dimension and click Select Midpoint. Then select the second entity to dimension.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
2.3.10 Others Important 2D Sketch Command 2.3.10.1
Fillet
Rounds the corner at the intersection of two sketch entities, creating a tangent arc.
before
after
Figure 3.3: Before and after fillet command
The radius value stays in effect until you change it. Therefore, you can draw any number of fillets with the same radius. i.
In an open sketch, click Sketch Fillet
on the Sketch
toolbar, or Tools, Sketch Tools, Fillet. ii. Set the properties in the Sketch Fillet PropertyManager. iii. Select the sketch entities to fillet.
To select the sketch entities, you can: i. Hold Ctrl and select two sketch entities. ii. Select a corner.
Click OK to accept the fillet, or click Undo to remove the fillet. You can undo a sequence of fillets in reverse order.
2.3.10.2
Offset Adds sketch entities by offsetting faces, edges, curves, or sketch entities a specified distance.
To create a sketch offset: i.
In an open sketch, select one or more sketch entities, a model face, or a model edge.
ii. Click Offset Entities
on the Sketch toolbar, or click
Tools, Sketch Tools, Offset Entities. iii. In the PropertyManager, under Parameters, set the following:
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¾ When you click in the graphics area, the Offset Entity is complete. Set the Parameters before you click in the graphics area. ¾ Offset Distance
. Set a value to offset the sketch entity
by a specified distance. To see a dynamic preview, hold down the mouse button and drag the pointer in the graphics area. When you release the mouse button, the Offset Entity is complete. ¾ Add dimensions. Include the Offset Distance
in the
sketch. This does not affect any dimensions included with the original sketch entity. ¾ Reverse. Change the direction of a one-directional offset. ¾ Select chain. Create an offset of all adjacent sketch entities.
¾ Bi-directional. Create offset entities in two directions.
o ¾ Make base construction. Convert the original sketch entity to a construction line. ¾ Cap ends. Extend the original non-intersecting sketch entities by selecting Bi-directional, and adding a cap. You can create Arcs or Lines as extension cap types.
iv. Click OK or click in the graphics area.
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To change the size of a sketch offset: Double-click the offset’s dimension and change the value. In a bidirectional offset, change the dimensions of the two offsets individually.
2.3.10.3
Convert Entities Converts selected model edges or sketch entities into sketch segments by projecting selected edge, loop, face and curve onto the sketch plane.
Rather than drawing the outlines by hand, they are “copied” from existing geometry.
This technique is: o
Fast and easy– select the face and click the tool.
o
Accurate – sketch entities are “cloned” directly from existing geometry.
o
Intelligent – if the solid body changes shape, the sketch updates. Automatically.
To convert an entity: i.
In an open sketch, click a model edge, loop, face, curve, external sketch contour, set of edges, or set of curves.
ii. Click Convert Entities
on the Sketch toolbar, or click
Tools, Sketch Tools, Convert Entities.
2.3.10.4
Trim Entities Trim or extends a sketch entity to be coincident to another, or deletes a sketch entity. There are five trim options:
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o
Power trim
ο Trim away outside
o
Corner
ο Trim to closest
o
Trim away inside
SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Power Trim Use Power trim to: o
Trim multiple, adjacent sketch entities by dragging the pointer across each sketch entity.
o
Extend sketch entities along their natural paths.
To trim with the Power trim option: i.
Right-click the sketch and select Edit Sketch.
ii. Click Trim Entities
Sketch toolbar) or Tools, Sketch
Tools, Trim. iii. Select Options, Power trim
.
iv. Click in the graphics area next to the first entity, and drag across the sketch entity to trim. vi. Continue to hold down the pointer and drag across each sketch entity you want to trim. vii. Release the pointer when finished trimming the sketch, then click OK.
To extend with the Power trim option: i.
Follow steps 1 - 3 from the preceding procedure.
ii. Select anywhere along the sketch entity to extend. iii. Click and drag the pointer as far as you want to extend the sketch entity. iv. Release the pointer when finished extending the sketch entity, then click OK.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Corner Extends or trims two sketch entities until they intersect at a virtual corner. To trim with the Corner option: i.
Right-click the sketch and select Edit Sketch.
ii. Click Trim Entities
on the Sketch toolbar, or click Tools,
Sketch Tools, Trim. .
iii. Select Options, Corner
iv. Select the two sketch entities you want to joined. v. Click OK.
Trim Away Inside
Trims open sketch entities that lie inside two bounding entities. To trim with the Trim away inside option: i.
Right-click the sketch and select Edit Sketch.
ii. Click Trim Entities
on the Sketch toolbar, or click
Tools, Sketch Tools, Trim. iii. Select Options, Trim away inside
.
iv. Select two bounding sketch entities. v. Select the sketch entities to trim. vi. Click OK.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Trim Away Outside Trims open sketch entities outside of two bounding entities. The same rules that govern the Trim away inside option govern the Trim away outside option.
Trim to Closest i.
Right-click the sketch and select Edit Sketch.
ii. Click Trim Entities
on the Sketch toolbar, or click
Tools, Sketch Tools, Trim. iii. Select Options, Trim to closest to
. The pointer changes
.
iv. Select each sketch entity you want trimmed or extended to the closest intersection:
v. Click OK.
2.3.10.5
Mirror Entities Create a symmetric entities corresponding to the mirrored lines. If you change a mirrored entity, its mirror image also changes.
To mirror existing sketch entities: i.
In an open sketch, click Mirror Entities
on the Sketch
toolbar, or click Tools, Sketch Tools, Mirror. ii. In the PropertyManager: .
a. Select sketch entities for Entities to Mirror
b. Clear Copy to remove the original sketch entities or Select Copy to include the original sketch entities. c. Select an edge or a line to Mirror about
.
iii. Click OK.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Mirror line
Mirror entities
2.4
ACTIVITIES
Exercise 1 Create this sketch on the front plane using, lines, automatic relation and dimension. Fully define the sketch. All dimensions are in inches.
Next select sketch fillet and set the Radius to 0.1875”. Select all of the endpoints in the sketch.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
Exercise 2 Create this sketch on the front plane using, lines, automatic relation and dimension. Fully define the sketch. All dimensions are in mm.
Exercise 3 Create this sketch on the front plane using, lines, automatic relation and dimension. Fully define the sketch. All dimensions are in mm. Ellipse Major axis 149 Minor axis 75
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 2 – Sketching
2.5
REFERENCES 1. SolidWorks Essentials - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 2. SolidWorks 2007 Online User’s Guide – SP0.0 3. SolidWorks 2005 – Hand-on Quick Start
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
UNIT 3 BASIC MODELING TECHNIQUE
3.1
INTRODUCTION This Module discusses 3D Modeling Terminology, Profile selection, Views, Extruded boss/base, Extruded cut, Revolved boss/base, Revolved cut, Swept boss/base, Lofted boss/base, Fillet, Chamfer, Rib, Mirror, Shell, Draft, Hole wizard, linear pattern, circular pattern, Reference, Helix/Spiral, Sectioning, editing and repairing problem, Configuration.
3.2
LEARNINGS OUTCOMES Upon successful completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
Choose the best profile for sketching.
Choose the proper sketch plane.
Create a new part.
Extrude a sketch as a boss.
Extrude a sketch as a cut.
Create hole wizard holes.
Create revolved features.
Create a sweep features.
Create a loft features.
Perform shelling operations to hollow out a part.
Use rib tool.
Use geometry pattern (linear, circular and mirror) properly.
Insert fillets on a solid.
Diagnose various problems in a part.
Repair sketch geometry problems.
Repair dangling relations and dimensions.
Create reference planes.
Use configurations to represent different versions of a part within a single SolidWorks file.
3-1
Suppress and unsuppress features.
Change dimension values by configuration.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3
LEARNING CONTENTS
3.3.1
3D Modeling Terminology
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.2
Choosing the Best Profile Choose the “best” profile. This profile, when extrude, will generate more of the model than any other. Look at these models as examples.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.3
Choosing the Sketch Plane
Profile will contact or be parallel to one of the three planes.
Things to consider when choosing the sketch planes. o
The part appearance in standard views
o
The part orientation in an assembly
o
The part appearance in detail drawing
profile
Figure 3.1: View of finalize model if selecting different Plane orientation
3.3.4
Features and Commands
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Base Feature o
The first feature that is created.
o
The foundation of the part.
o
The base feature geometry for the box is an extrusion.
o
The extrusion is named Extrude1.
o
Tip: Keep the base feature simple.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Extruded Boss Feature o
Adds material to the part.
o
Requires a sketch.
Extruded Cut Feature o
Removes material from the part.
o
Requires a sketch.
Fillet Feature o
Features Used to Build
Rounds the edges or faces of a part to a specified radius.
Shell Feature o
Removes material from the selected face.
o
Creates a hollow block from a solid block.
o
Very useful for thin-walled, plastic parts.
o
You are required to specify a wall thickness when using the shell feature.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.5
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Views
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
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Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
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Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.6
Revolve Feature
A Revolve feature is created by rotating a 2D profile sketch around an axis of revolution.
The profile sketch can use a sketch line or a centerline as the axis of revolution.
The profile sketch cannot cross the axis of revolution.
To Create a Revolve Feature: 1. Select a sketch plane. 2. Sketch a 2D profile. 3. (Optional) Sketch a centerline. 9 The axis of revolution must be in the sketch with the profile. It cannot be in a separate sketch. 9 The profile must not cross the centerline. 4. Click Revolved Boss/Base . 5. Specify the angle of rotation and click OK. The default angle is 360°. 6. The sketch is revolved around the axis of revolution, creating the feature.
centerline
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.7
Sweep Feature
The Sweep feature is created by moving a 2D profile along a path.
A Sweep feature is used to create the handle on the candlestick.
The Sweep feature requires two sketches: o
Sweep Path
o
Sweep Profile
Sweep Overview – Rules
The sweep path is a set of sketched curves contained in a sketch, a curve, or a set of model edges.
3.3.8
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The sweep profile must be a closed contour.
The start point of the path must lie on the plane of the sweep section.
The section, path or the resulting solid cannot be self-intersecting.
Loft Feature
Blends multiple profiles together.
A Loft feature can be a base, boss, or cut.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
To Create a Simple Loft Feature: 1. Create the planes required for the profile sketches. Each sketch should be on a different plane. 2. Sketch a profile on the first plane. 3. Sketch the remaining profiles on their corresponding planes. 4. Click Loft
on the Features toolbar.
5. Select each profile. 6. Examine the preview curve and the connectors. 7. Click OK .
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.9
Fillet Feature Fillet/Round creates a rounded internal or external face on the part. You can fillet all edges of a face, selected sets of faces, selected edges, or edge loops.
To create fillets: 1. Click Fillet
on the Features toolbar, or click Insert, Features,
Fillet/Round. 2. Set the PropertyManager options. For constant radius fillets only, you can use the FilletXpert to add or modify fillets. 3. Click OK
3.3.10 Chamfer Feature
Creates a beveled feature on selected edges, faces, or a vertex.
To create a chamfer: 1. Click Chamfer
on the Features toolbar, or click Insert,
Features, Chamfer. 2. Under Chamfer Parameters: •
Select an entity in the graphics area for Edges and Faces or Vertex.
•
Select one of the following: Angle distance Distance distance Vertex
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
•
Choose Select through faces to enable selection of edges through faces that hide the edges.
•
Select Equal Distance to specify a single value for distance or vertex.
•
Select Keep features to retain features such as cuts or extrudes that would otherwise be removed when you apply the chamfer.
Original part
•
Keep features cleared
Keep features checked
Select Tangent propagation to extend the chamfer to faces or edges that are tangent to the selected entity.
•
Select a preview mode: Full preview, Partial preview, or No preview.
3. Click OK
3.3.11 Rib Feature
Rib is a special type of extruded feature created from open or closed sketched contours.
It adds material of a specified thickness in a specified direction between the contour and an existing part.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
To create a rib: 1. Sketch the contour to use as the rib feature on a plane that: •
Intersects the part, or
•
Is parallel or at an angle to an existing plane
2. Click Rib
on the Features toolbar, or click Insert, Features, Rib.
3. Set the PropertyManager options. 4. Click OK
3.3.12 Draft Feature
Tapers model faces by a specified angle, using a neutral pane or a parting line..
Use to make a molded part easier to remove from the mold.
To draft a model face: 1. Click Draft
(Features toolbar) or Insert, Features, Draft.
2. Set the options in the PropertyManager. 3. Click OK
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.13 Hole Wizard
Insert a hole using a pre-defined cross-section.
Two tabs appear at the Hole Wizard propertymanager: Type (default). Sets the hole type parameters. Positions. Locates the Hole Wizard holes on planar or non-planar
faces. Use the dimension and other sketch tools to position the hole centers.
Hole type
Counterbore
Tap
Countersink
Hole
Pipe tap
Legacy Hole
To create Hole Wizard holes: 1. Create a part and select a planar surface. 2. Click Hole Wizard
on the Features toolbar or Insert, Features, Hole,
Wizard. 3. Set the options in the PropertyManager. 4. Click OK
3.3.14 Pattern
Repeats the selected features in an array based on a seed feature.
You can create a linear pattern, a circular pattern, a curve driven pattern, a fill pattern, or use sketch points or table coordinates to create the pattern.
Mirror copies the selected features or all features, mirroring them about the selected plane or face
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
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Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.3.15 Reference Geometry The Reference Geometry toolbar
provides tools for creating and
using reference geometry. Plane Axis Coordinate System Point
Creating Plane 1. Click Plane
on the Reference Geometry toolbar, or click Insert,
Reference Geometry, Plane. The Plane PropertyManager appears. 2. Under Selections, select the type of plane you want to create and the items to create the plane:
¾ Through Lines/Points
. Create a plane through an edge, axis,
or sketch line, and a point, or through three points.
¾ Parallel Plane at Point
. Create a plane through a point parallel
to a plane or face.
Select a face or planar face.
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Then select a midpoint.
The new plane is parallel to the selected face through the chosen midpoint.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
¾ At Angle
. Create a plane through an edge, axis, or sketch line
at an angle to a face or plane.
If the selected line is in the same plane as the selected plane, the new plane rotates around the selected line.
¾ Offset Distance
If the selected line is parallel to the selected plane, the new plane moves to the parallel line and rotates around the line.
. Create a plane parallel to a plane or face,
offset by a specified distance. This is the default plane created.
¾ Normal to Curve
. Create a plane through a point and
perpendicular to an edge or curve.
In this example, you select just the helix to create the new plane. Plane 4 is perpendicular to the end of the tapered helix.
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A circle is swept along the helix to create a spring.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
¾ On Surface
. Create a plane on a non-planar face or angular
surface. a. Select a surface. b. Select a sketch point on the surface
¾ Drag and Drop. You can also drag and drop to create a plane. The selected items appear in the Reference Entities box. A preview of the new plane appears in the graphics area.
3. Click OK to create the plane.
Creating Axis 1. Click Axis
on the Reference Geometry toolbar, or click Insert,
Reference Geometry, Axis. 2. Select the axis type in the Axis PropertyManager, then select the required entities for that type. ¾ One Line/Edge/Axis
. Select a sketch line, an edge, or select
View, Temporary Axes and then select the axis that is displayed. ¾ Two Planes
. Select two planar faces, or select View, Planes,
and then select two planes. ¾ Two Points/Vertices
. Select two vertices, points, or midpoints.
¾ Cylindrical/Conical Face ¾ Point and Face/Plane
. Select a cylindrical or conical face. . Select a surface or plane and a vertex
point, or midpoint. The resultant axis is normal to the selected surface or plane through the selected vertex, point, or midpoint. If the surface is non-planar, the point must be on the surface.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3. Verify that the items listed in Reference Entities correspond to your selections. 4. Click OK. 5. Click View, Axes to see the new axis.
Display Temporary Axis
You can use an axis in creating sketch geometry or in a circular pattern.
Every cylindrical and conical face has an axis.
Temporary axes are those created implicitly by cones and cylinders in the model.
To display temporary axes: Click View, Temporary Axes.
Creating Coordinate System You can define a coordinate system for a part or assembly. Use this coordinate system with the Measure and Mass Properties tools, and for exporting SolidWorks documents to IGES, STL, ACIS, STEP, Parasolid, VRML, and VDA.
To create a coordinate system: 1. Click Coordinate System
on the Reference Geometry toolbar,
or click Insert, Reference Geometry, Coordinate System. 2. Use the Coordinate System PropertyManager to create the coordinate system. 3. Click OK
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Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Creating Point
Use as construction objects.
Can also create multiple reference points that are a specified distance apart on curves.
Click View, Points to toggle the display of reference points.
To create a single reference point: 1. Click Point
on the Reference Geometry toolbar, or click Insert,
Reference Geometry, Point. 2. In the PropertyManager, select the type of reference point to create. 3. In the graphics area, select the entities to use to create the reference point. 4. Click OK
3.3.16 Families of Parts
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Many times parts come in a variety of sizes.
This is called a family of parts.
It is not efficient to build each version individually.
Design Tables simplify making families of parts.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
What is a Configuration?
A configuration is a way to create a family of similar parts within one file.
Each configuration represents one version of the part.
Suppress / Unsuppress (also known as revolved) Feature Suppress is used to temporarily remove a feature. When a feature is suppressed, the system treats it as if it doesn’t exist. That means other features that are dependent on it will be suppressed also. In addition, suppressed features are removed from memory, freeing up system resources. Suppressed features can be unsuppressed at any time.
To create a configuration manually: 1. In either a part or assembly document, click the ConfigurationManager tab
at the top of the FeatureManager
design tree to change to the ConfigurationManager. 2. In the ConfigurationManager, right-click the part or assembly name and select Add Configuration. 3. In the Add Configuration PropertyManager, type a Configuration Name and specify properties for the new configuration. You can specify a configuration specific color. 4. Click
.
5. Click the FeatureManager design tree tab
to return to the
FeatureManager design tree. 6. Modify the model as needed to create the design variation. 7. Save the model.
To activate a different configuration: 1. Click the ConfigurationManager tab
to change to the
ConfigurationManager. 2. Right-click the name of the configuration you want to view and select Show Configuration or Double-click the configuration name. The named configuration becomes the active configuration, and the view of the model updates to reflect the newly selected configuration.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.4
ACTIVITIES
Exercise 1 Create this part using the information and dimensions provided. Sketch and extrude profiles to create the part.
Exercise 2 Use the following graphics to create the part.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Exercise 3 Use the following graphics to create the part. Holes are concentric to circular edges created by fillets and rounds.
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Exercise 4
Create this part using the dimension provided. Use relations and equations where applicable to maintain the design intent. Give careful thought to the best location for the origin. Design intent The design intent for this part is as follow: 1. The part is symmetrical. 2. Front holes on centerline. 3. All fillets and round are R 3mm unless noted. 4. Center holes in Front and Right share a common centerpoint. Dimension in mm:
SECTION A-A
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Exercise 5 Build this part in SolidWorks. Material: 6061 Alloy. Density = 0.0027g/mm^3 Unit system: MMGS (millimeter, gram, second) Decimal places: 2. A = 100. All holes through all, unless otherwise specified. What is the overall mass of the part in grams? (2040.57 gram)
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Exercise 6 Build this part in SolidWorks. Unit system: MMGS (millimeter, gram, second) Decimal places: 2. Part origin: Arbitrary A = 63mm, B = 50mm, C = 100mm. All holes through all. Part material: Copper Density = 0.0089 g/mm^3 What is the overall mass of the part in grams? (1280 gram)
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Exercise 7 These questions are the Parametric Part Modeling. Use configuration to create these parts. ADVICE You should be able to answer all four questions correctly within 20 to 30 minutes. Read through every question first. This will help you save time and make correct decisions when choosing which sketch plane to use and which sketch profile is best. Avoid sketch fillets in this particular design. Design this part in SolidWorks. Unit system: MMGS (millimeter, gram, second) Decimal places: 2 Part origin: Arbitrary Part material: Brass Material Density: 0.0085 g/mm^3 Design note: the part is shelled throughout (single open face as shown)
Question 7a: A = 60 B = 64 C = 140 D = 19 What is the overall mass of the part (in grams)?
Question 7b: A = 50 B = 70 C = 160 D = 23 What is the overall mass of the part (in grams)?
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
Update part with new features/dimensions. Unit system: MMGS (millimeter, gram, second) Decimal places: 2 Part material: Brass Material Density: 0.0085 g/mm^3 Design note: no shell remaining
Question 7c: A = 60 B = 64 C = 140 D = 19 E = 25 What is the overall mass of the part (in grams)?
Question 7d: A = 70 B = 80 C = 130 D = 15 E = 40 What is the overall mass of the part (in grams)?
ANSWERS 7a) 1006.91 grams 7b) 1230.82 grams 7c) 2859.51 grams 7d) 3218.14 grams
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 3 – Basic Modeling Technique
3.5
REFERENCES 1. SolidWorks Essentials - SolidWorks 2007 Training Manual, Massachusetts, USA. 2. SolidWorks 2007 Online User’s Guide – SP0.0 3. SolidWorks 2005 – Hand-on Quick Start
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
UNIT 4 ASSEMBLY PARTS
4.1
INTRODUCTION This module will examine assembly modeling through the construction of a universal joint. The joint consists of several components and one subassembly. Bottom-Up assembly will be used in this module. This type of assemblies is created by adding and orienting existing parts in an assembly. Parts added to the assembly appear as Component Parts. Component parts are oriented and positioned in the assembly using Mates. Mates relate faces and edges of component parts to planes and other faces/edges. The contents of this module are Insert component, Apply Toolbox components, Move Component, Rotate Component, Mating, Interference detection, Components explode, Animation and simulation.
4.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon successful completion of this module, you would be able to:
create a new assembly
insert components into an assembly using all available techniques.
add mating relationships between components.
utilize the assembly-specific aspects of the FeatureManager design tree to manipulate and manage the assembly.
insert sub-assemblies.
use part configurations in an assembly.
4.3
LEARNING CONTENTS
4.3.1
Assemblies
4.3.1.1 Overview You can build complex assemblies consisting of many components, which can be parts or other assemblies, called sub-assemblies. For most operations, the behavior of components is the same for both types. Adding
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
a component to an assembly creates a link between the assembly and the component. When SolidWorks opens the assembly, it finds the component file to show it in the assembly. Changes in the component are automatically reflected in the assembly. The document name extension for assemblies is .sldasm. To create an assembly from a part: 1) Click Make Assembly from Part/Assembly
(Standard toolbar) or
File, Make Assembly from Part. An assembly opens with the Insert Component PropertyManager active. 2) Click in the graphics area to add the part to the assembly. SolidWorks makes the first component fixed.
4.3.1.2 FeatureManager Design Tree Conventions The FeatureManager design tree displays these items for assemblies: ¾ Top-level assembly (the first item) ¾ Various folders, for example, Annotations
and Mates
¾ Assembly planes and origin ¾ Components (sub-assemblies and individual parts) ¾ Assembly features (cuts or holes) and component patterns
You can expand or collapse each component to view its details by clicking beside the component name. To collapse all the items in the tree, rightclick anywhere in the tree and select Collapse Items.
You can use the same component multiple times within an assembly. For each occurrence of the component in the assembly, the suffix is incremented.
In the FeatureManager design tree, a component name can have a prefix that provides information about the state of its relationships to other components. The prefixes are:
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
¾ (-) under defined ¾ (+) over defined ¾ (f) fixed ¾ (?) not solved
The absence of a prefix indicates that the component’s position is fully defined. See Mate Errors for information about mate symbols and error messages.
4.3.1.3 Display of Components Sometimes you want to focus on the structure or hierarchy of the design rather than the details of the sketches and features. In addition, you might want to focus on the design of the assembly without viewing all of the features of the components. Each of these ways of viewing the assembly affects only the level of detail displayed in the FeatureManager design tree, not the assembly itself.
To display the assembly hierarchy: ¾ Right-click the assembly name in the FeatureManager design tree, and select Show Hierarchy Only. The FeatureManager design tree displays only the components (both parts and sub-assemblies), but no lower level detail. ¾ To display the detail again, repeat the procedure, selecting Show Feature Detail.
To view an assembly by dependencies: ¾ To display the dependencies, right-click the assembly name in the FeatureManager design tree and select Tree Display, View Mates and Dependencies or click View, FeatureManager Tree, By Dependencies. Dependent items (instead of features) are listed under each component. Dependent items include mates and component patterns. To view a component's features and planes, expand the Features
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folder under the component.
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Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
¾ To display the features again, right-click the assembly name in the FeatureManager design tree and select Tree Display, View Features or click View, FeatureManager Tree, By Features.
4.3.1.4 Adding Components to an Assembly When you place a component (either an individual part or a sub-assembly) in an assembly, the component file is linked to the assembly file. The component appears in the assembly; the component data remains in the source component file. Any changes you make to the component file update the assembly. There are many ways to add components to a new or existing assembly: ¾ Use the Insert Component PropertyManager. ¾ Drag from the File Explorer tab in the Task Pane. ¾ Drag from an open document window. ¾ Drag from Windows Explorer. ¾ Drag a hyperlink from Internet Explorer. ¾ Drag within the assembly for additional instances of existing components. ¾ Drag from the Design Library in the Task Pane. ¾ Use Insert, Smart Fasteners to add bolts, screws, nuts, pins, and washers.
4.3.1.5 Design Method You can create assemblies using bottom-up design, top-down design, or a combination of both methods.
Bottom-up Design Bottom-up design is the traditional method. You first design and model parts, then insert them into an assembly and use mates to position the parts. To change the parts, you must edit them individually. These changes are then seen in the assembly. Bottom-up design is the preferred technique for previously constructed, off-the-shelf parts, or standard components like hardware, pulleys, motors, etc. These parts do not change their shape and size based on your design unless you choose a different component.
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Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
Top-down Design In Top-down design, parts' shapes, sizes, and locations can be designed in the assembly. For example: ¾ You can model a motor bracket so it is always the correct size to hold a motor, even if you move the motor. SolidWorks automatically resizes the motor bracket. This capability is particularly helpful for parts like brackets, fixtures, and housings, whose purpose is largely to hold other parts in their correct positions. You can also use top-down design on certain features (such as locating pins) of otherwise bottom-up parts. ¾ The design of photocopier can be laid out in a layout sketch, whose elements represent the pulleys, drums, belts, and other components of the photocopier. You create the 3D components based on this sketch. As you move or resize elements in the sketch, SolidWorks automatically moves or resizes the 3D components in the assembly. The speed and flexibility of the sketch allows you to try several versions of the design before building any 3D geometry, and to make many types of changes in one central location. The advantage of top-down design is that much less rework is needed when design changes occur. The parts know how to update themselves based on the way you created them. You can use top-down design techniques on certain features of a part, complete parts, or entire assemblies. In practice, designers typically use top-down techniques to lay out their assemblies and to capture key aspects of custom parts specific to their assemblies.
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Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
4.3.2
Moving and Rotating Components
4.3.2.1 Moving a Component
To move components by dragging:
¾ Drag a component in the graphics area. ¾ The component moves within its degrees of freedom. To prevent this behavior, click Tools, Options, System Options, Assemblies. Clear Move components by dragging, then click OK.
To move components with a triad: 1) Right-click a component and select Move with Triad
Figure 4.1: Move with Triad 2) Drag elements of the triad: ¾ Dragging the center ball drags the component freely. ¾ Dragging an arm drags the component along that axis of the arm. ¾ Dragging a wing drags the component along the plane of the wing. 3) To type specific coordinates or distances, right-click the center sphere and select from the following: ¾ Show Translate XYZ Box. Moves the component to a specific XYZ coordinate. ¾ Show Translate Delta XYZ Box. Moves the component by a specific amount. 4) Click in the graphics area to turn off the triad. See Triad for information about moving and aligning the triad.
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Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
To move components with the PropertyManager: 1) Click Move Component
(Assembly toolbar) or Tools,
Component, Move. The Move Component PropertyManager appears, and the pointer changes to
.
2) Select one or more components in the graphics area. 3) Select an item from the Move
list to move the components in
one of following manners: ¾ Free Drag - Select a component and drag in any direction. ¾ Along Assembly XYZ - Select a component and drag in the X, Y, or Z direction of the assembly. The coordinate system appears in the graphics area to help orient you. To select the axis you want to drag along, click near that axis before dragging. ¾ Along Entity - Select an entity, then select a component to drag along that entity. If the entity is a line, an edge, or an axis, the component you move has one degree of freedom. If the entity is a plane or a planar face, the component you move has two degrees of freedom. ¾ By Delta XYZ - Type an X, Y, or Z value in the PropertyManager, and click Apply. The component moves by the amount you specify. ¾ To XYZ Position - Select a point of a component, type an X, Y, or Z coordinate in the PropertyManager, and click Apply. The component’s point moves to the coordinate you specify. If you select something other than a vertex or point, the component’s origin is placed at the coordinate you specify. You can select and move one component or group of components after another while the Move Component tool is active. 4)
Under Advanced Options, select This configuration to apply the movement of
5)
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Click
the components to only the active configuration.
or click Move Component
again when finished.
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4.3.2.2 Rotating a Component
To rotate a component by dragging: ¾Right-click a component, hold down the right mouse button, and drag the component. ¾The component rotates within its degrees of freedom.
To prevent this behavior, click Tools, Options, System Options, Assemblies. Clear Move components by dragging, then click OK.
To rotate a component with a triad: 1) Right-click a component and select Move with Triad. 2) Select a ring and drag. Also: ¾ To snap, right-click the selected ring and choose Snap while Dragging. Close to the ring, the snap increment is 90°. The increment decreases as the pointer moves further away from the ring.
Figure 4.2: Select a ring and drag ¾ To rotate in pre-set increments, right-click the selected ring and choose Rotate 90° or Rotate 180°. ¾ To type specific increments, right-click the center sphere and select Show Rotate Delta XYZ Box. 3) Click in the graphics area to turn off the triad. See Triad for information about moving and aligning the triad.
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To rotate a component with the PropertyManager: i)
Click Rotate Component
(Assembly toolbar) or Tools,
Component, Rotate. The Rotate Component PropertyManager appears, and the pointer changes to
.
ii) Select one or more components in the graphics area. iii) Select an item from the Rotate
list to rotate the components in
one of the following manners: ¾ Free Drag - Select a component and drag in any direction. ¾ About Entity - Select a line, an edge, or an axis, then drag a component around the selected entity. ¾ By Delta XYZ - Type an X, Y, or Z value in the PropertyManager, and click Apply. The component moves around the assembly’s axes by the angular value you specify. You can rotate one component or group of components after another; the tool remains active until you click it again, or select another tool.
iv) Under Advanced Options, select This configuration to apply the rotation of the components to only the active configuration. v) Click
or click Rotate Component
again when finished.
NOTES: ¾ You cannot rotate a component whose position is fixed or fully defined. ¾ You can only rotate a component within the degrees of freedom allowed by its mating relationships.
4.3.2.3 Triad The triad facilitates manipulating various objects such as 3D sketch entities, parts, certain features, and components in assemblies.
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Figure 4.3: The Triad The rings and wings are displayed when rotation and dragging along the wings' planes are possible. Triad actions: ¾ Dragging the center ball drags the object freely. ¾ Alt + dragging the center ball drags the triad freely. ¾ Dragging an arm drags the object in the X, Y, or Z direction. ¾ Dragging a wing drags the object along the wing's plane. ¾ Dragging a ring rotates the object about the ring's axis.
To use the triad: ¾ In assemblies, right-click a moveable component and select Move with Triad
.
¾ In assembly exploded views, select a component. ¾ In parts, click Move/Copy Bodies
(Features toolbar) or Insert,
Features, Move/Copy. ¾ In parts, click Flex or Deform to use the triad to shape features. ¾ In 3D sketches, right-click an entity and select Show Sketcher Triad.
Show To display information as the triad or one of its components moves, rightclick anywhere on the triad and select: ¾ Show Translate XYZ Box ¾ Show Translate Delta XYZ Box ¾ Show Rotate Delta XYZ Box
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Selections To move the triad to a selection: 1) Right-click on the triad (anywhere except on the rotation rings) and choose Move to Selection. 2) Select an entity. To align the center ball with a selection: 1) Right-click the center ball and select Align to. 2) Select an entity. You can also align the center ball with a component origin or the assembly origin. To align an arm or wing with a selection: 1) Right-click an arm or wing and choose Align with Selection. 2) Select an entity.
Rotate To rotate a component: 1) Select a ring and drag. 2) To snap, right-click the selected ring and choose Snap while Dragging. Close to the ring, the snap increment is 90°. The increment decreases as the pointer moves further away from the ring. 3) To rotate in specified increments, right-click the selected ring and choose Rotate 90° or Rotate 180°.
4.3.3
Mates Mates create geometric relationships between assembly components. As you add mates, you define the allowable directions of linear or rotational motion of the components. You can move a component within its degrees of freedom, visualizing the assembly's behavior.
Some examples include: ¾ A coincident mate forces two planar faces to become coplanar. The faces can move along one another, but cannot be pulled apart. ¾ A concentric mate forces two cylindrical faces to become
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concentric. The faces can move along the common axis, but cannot be moved away from this axis. Mates are solved together as a system. The order in which you add mates does not matter; all mates are solved at the same time. You can suppress mates just as you can suppress features.
4.3.3.1 Suppressing a Mating Relationship You can suppress mates to prevent them from being solved. This allows you to experiment with different types of mates without over defining the assembly.
To suppress a mate in the active configuration:
¾ Right-click the mate in the FeatureManager design tree, and select Properties.
¾ Select Suppressed, and click OK. To unsuppress the mate, repeat the process, and clear the Suppressed check box. You can also select one or more mates and click Suppress Unsuppress
(or
) on the Features toolbar, or click Edit, Suppress (or
Unsuppress), This Configuration.
To suppress a mate for one or more configurations: ¾ Select one or more mates and click Edit, Suppress (or Unsuppress), Specified Configurations (or All Configurations). If you select Specified Configurations, a dialog box appears. ¾ Select the configurations you want to change from the list, and click OK.
4.3.3.2 Best Practices for Mates
Whenever possible, mate all components to one or two fixed components or references. Long chains of components take longer to solve and are more prone to mate errors.
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Figure 4.4: The mate scheme
Do not create loops of mates. They lead to mate conflicts when you add subsequent mates.
Figure 4.5: Loop of mates
Avoid redundant mates. Although SolidWorks allows some redundant mates (all except distance and angle), these mates take longer to solve and make the mating scheme harder to understand and diagnose if problems occur. In this assembly model, the same degree of freedom for the blue block is defined using two distance mates, which over defines the model. Even though the mates are geometrically consistent (none of them are being violated), the model is still over defined.
Drag components to test their available degrees of freedom.
Use limit mates sparingly because they take longer to solve.
Fix mate errors as soon as they occur. Adding mates never fixes earlier mate problems.
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Drag components into the approximate correct location and orientation
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before adding mates because this gives the mate solver application a better chance of snapping components into the right location.
If a component is causing problems, it is often easier to delete all its mates and re-create them instead of diagnosing each one. This is especially true with aligned/anti-aligned and dimension direction conflicts (you can flip the direction that a dimension is measuring). Use View Mates or expand the component in the FeatureManager design tree using Tree Display, View Mates and Dependencies to see the mates for components.
Whenever possible, fully define the position of each part in the assembly, unless you need that part to move to visualize the assembly motion. Assemblies with many available degrees of freedom take longer to solve, have less predictable behavior when you drag parts, and are prone to "nuisance" errors (errors that fix themselves when you drag). Drag components to check their remaining degrees of freedom.
Dragging a component occasionally snaps it into place and fixes mate errors.
Suppressing and unsuppressing mates with errors sometimes fixes mate errors.
4.3.3.3 Types of mates 1) Coincident mate Coincident can be mating between the combinations shown below:
1 2 3
Mates between two cones must use cones of the same half-angle. A single-entity curve such as an arc, spline, or helix. Extrusion refers to a single face of an extruded solid or surface feature. Extrusions with draft are not allowed.
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2) Concentric mate Concentric can be mating between the combinations shown below:
3) Parallel and Perpendicular mate Parallel or perpendicular can be mating between the combinations shown below:
1 2
Cylinder refers to the cylinder's axis. Extrusion refers to a single face of an extruded solid or surface feature. Extrusions with draft are not allowed.
4) Distance mate You can add distance mates between the combinations shown below. You must type a distance value in the Distance box in the Mate PropertyManager. The default value is the current distance between the selected entities.
1
Mates between two cones must use cones of the same half-angle. A single-entity curve such as an arc, spline, or helix. 3 Line can also refer to an axis in this instance. 2
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5) Angle mate You can add an angle mate between the combinations shown below: You must type an angle value in the Angle box in the Mate PropertyManager. The default value is the current angle between the selected entities.
1 2
Cylinder refers to the cylinder's axis. Extrusion refers to a single face of an extruded solid or surface feature. Extrusions with draft are not allowed.
6) Tangent mate You can add tangent mates between the combinations shown below:
1
Extrusion refers to a single face of an extruded solid or surface feature. Extrusions with draft are not allowed.
4.3.3.4 View Mates/View Mates Error
View Mates displays a list of the mates for one or more components or sub-assemblies in an assembly.
View Mate Errors displays a list of all problem mates in an assembly.
View Mates To view the mates for a component: 1) Right-click a component (of the assembly or of a sub-assembly) and select View Mates.
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To view the mates for more than one component, hold down Ctrl and select the components, then right-click and select View Mates. At the bottom of the left pane: ¾ The View Mates PropertyManager appears and displays a list of the component's mates. ¾ When multiple components are selected, the mates they have in common are sorted to the top of the list and are displayed in bold. In the graphics area: ¾ Components involved in the mate system for the selected components are slightly transparent. Components not involved are hidden. ¾ Callouts appear to help you visualize mate systems. Each mate has one callout, with leaders pointing to the two mated entities. In the callout, you can perform several common mate functions, such as flipping the alignment or suppressing the mate. Error and warning icons are displayed in the callouts. When you select a mate in the PropertyManager or its callout in the graphics area, the mate geometry highlights, and components not involved in the selected mate become more transparent.
2) Click an empty region of the graphics area to close the PropertyManager. You can pin the View Mates PropertyManager to keep it visible.
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To view the mates for a sub-assembly: ¾ Right-click a sub-assembly in the FeatureManager design tree and select View Mates. ¾ Mates between sub-assembly components or reference geometry (such as planes), and components or reference geometry outside the sub-assembly are listed. Mates between the components of the sub-assembly are not listed.
View Mate Errors Problem mates are flagged as follows: Warning. The mate is satisfied, but involved in over defining the assembly. Error. The mate is not satisfied. To view problem mates: 1)
Right-click any component and select View Mate Errors. At the bottom of the left pane, the View Mate Errors PropertyManager appears and displays a list of all problem mates in the assembly. In the graphics area: ¾ Components involved in the problem mates are slightly transparent. Components not involved are hidden. ¾ Callouts appear for problem mates. Each callout has leaders pointing to the two mated entities involved in the mate error. (If there are too many callouts, then callouts for mates with warnings are not shown.)
When you select a mate in the PropertyManager or its callout in the graphics area, the mate geometry highlights, and components not involved in the selected mate become more transparent.
2)
Click an empty region of the graphics area to close the PropertyManager. You can pin the View Mate Errors PropertyManager to keep it visible.
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4.3.3.5 Solving Mate Problem
FeatureManager design tree Mate Symbols and Error Messages
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4.3.4
Interference Detection In a complex assembly, it can be difficult to visually determine whether components interfere with each other. With Interference Detection, you can: ¾ Determine the interference between components. ¾ Display the true volume of interference as a shaded volume. ¾ Change the display settings of the interfering and non-interfering components to see the interference better. ¾ Select to ignore interferences that you want to exclude, such as press fits, interferences of threaded fasteners, on so on. ¾ Choose to include interferences between bodies within a multibody part. ¾ Choose to treat a sub-assembly as a single component, so that interferences between the sub-assembly's components are not reported. ¾ Distinguish between coincidence interferences and standard interferences.
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To check for interferences in an assembly: 1) Click Interference Detection
(Assembly toolbar) or Tools,
Interference Detection. 2) Set options and settings described below in the PropertyManager. 3) Under Selected Components, click Calculate. The detected interferences are listed under Results. The volume of each interference appears to the right of each listing. Under Results, you can: ¾ Select an interference to highlight it in red in the graphics area. ¾ Expand interferences to display the names of the interfering components. ¾ Right-click an interference and select Zoom to selection, to zoom to the interference in the graphics area. ¾ Right-click an interference and select Ignore. ¾ Right-click an ignored interference and select Un-Ignore.
Selected Components ¾ Components to Check. Displays components selected for the interference check. By default, the top-level assembly appears unless you pre-select other components. When you check an assembly for interference, all of its components are checked. If you select a single component, only the interferences that involve that component are reported. If you select two or more components, only the interferences between the selected components are reported. ¾ Calculate. Click to check for interferences.
Results ¾ Displays the detected interferences. The volume of each interference appears to the right of each listing. When you select interference under Results, it highlights in red in the graphics area. ¾ Ignore/Un-Ignore. Click to switch between ignored and unignored mode for the selected interference. If interference is set to Ignore, it remains ignored during subsequent interference calculations. See Show ignored interferences under Options. ¾ Component view. Displays the interferences by component name instead of interference number.
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Options ¾ Treat coincidence as interference. Reports coincident entities as interferences. ¾ Show ignored interferences. Select to show ignored interferences in the Results list, with a gray icon. When this option is cleared, ignored interferences are not listed. ¾ Treat subassemblies as components. When selected, subassemblies are treated as single components, so interferences between a sub-assembly's components are not reported. ¾ Include multibody part interferences. Select to report interferences between bodies within multibody parts. ¾ Make interfering parts transparent. Select to display the components of the selected interference in transparent mode.
4.3.5
Exploding an Assembly View For manufacturing purposes, it is often useful to separate the components of an assembly to visually analyze their relationships. Exploding the view of an assembly allows you to look at it with the components separated. While an assembly is exploded, you cannot add mates to the assembly. An exploded view consists of one or more exploded steps. An exploded view is stored with the assembly configuration with which it is created. Each configuration can have one exploded view. You create and edit exploded views in the Explode PropertyManager. You can add Explode Lines to an exploded view to indicate component relationships.
Figure 4.6: An example of exploded view
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In SolidWorks, you can configure assemblies into exploded views, and you can include explode lines. When you insert assemblies into drawing views, you can specify that the exploded configurations be shown.
Figure 4.7: An example of explode lines
4.3.5.1 Creating and Editing Exploded Views You create exploded views by selecting and dragging parts in the graphics area. In exploded views you can: ¾ Evenly space exploded stacks of components (hardware, washers, and so on) automatically. ¾ Attach a new component to the existing explode steps of another component. This is useful if you add a new part to an assembly that already has an exploded view. ¾ If a sub-assembly has an exploded view, reuse that view in a higherlevel assembly.
To create an exploded view: 1) Click Exploded View
(Assembly toolbar) or Insert, Exploded
View. The Explode PropertyManager appears. 2) In the graphics area or flyout FeatureManager design tree, select one or more components to include in the first explode step. A triad appears in the graphics area. In the PropertyManager, the components appear in Component(s) of the explode step under Settings.
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3) Move the pointer over the triad arm in the direction that you want to explode the components. The pointer changes to
.
4) Drag a triad arm to explode the components. The explode step appears under Explode Steps. 5) Under Settings, click Done. The PropertyManager clears and is ready for the next explode step. 6) Create more explode steps as needed, then click
.
To auto-space components: 1) Select two or more components. 2) Under Options, select Auto-space components after drag. 3) Drag a triad arm to explode the components. When you drop the components, one component remains where you drop it, and the software automatically spaces the remaining components equally along the same axis.
To use a sub-assembly's exploded view in an assembly: 1) Select a sub-assembly for which you have previously defined an exploded view. 2) In the PropertyManager, click Reuse Sub-assembly Explode. The sub-assembly explodes in the graphics area, and the steps of the sub-assembly exploded view appear under Explode Steps.
To edit an explode step: 1) In the PropertyManager, under Explode Steps, right-click an explode step and select Edit Step. 2) Make the following changes as needed: ¾ Drag components to reposition them. ¾ Select components to add to the step. ¾ Change Settings. ¾ Change Options. 3) Click Apply to preview the changes. Click
to undo unwanted changes.
4) Click Done to complete.
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To delete a component from an explode step: 1) In the PropertyManager, under Explode Steps, expand the explode step. 2) Right-click the component and select Delete.
To delete an explode step: In the PropertyManager, under Explode Steps, right-click an explode step, and select Delete.
4.3.6
Physical Simulation Physical Simulation allows you to simulate the effects of motors, springs, and gravity on your assemblies. Physical Simulation combines simulation elements with SolidWorks tools such as mates and Physical Dynamics to move components around your assembly. You can use the results from Physical Simulation to automatically set up loads and boundary conditions for each part in an assembly for a COSMOSXpress analysis.
To create a simulation: 1) Add simulation elements. See Linear or Rotary Motors, Springs, and Gravity. 2) Record the simulation. See Recording and Replaying a Simulation. 3) Playback the simulation. See Recording and Replaying a Simulation.
NOTES: ¾ A simulation that you record is valid for as long as you do not make changes to the assembly. If you delete, suppress, move, replace, fix, float, or change a component that is included in a recorded simulation, the simulation is no longer valid. ¾ Physical Simulation uses the Sensitivity setting of Physical Dynamics to check for collisions. To change this setting, click Move Component ,
select Physical Dynamics under Options, then
move the Sensitivity slider. ¾ You can suppress and configure the suppression state of the Simulation folder in the FeatureManager design tree and its
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simulation elements. Suppressing the folder also suppresses its elements.
4.3.6.1 Gravity Gravity is a simulation element that moves components around an assembly using Physical Simulation. Physical Simulation combines simulation elements with other tools such as mates and Physical Dynamics to move components in a realistic manner within the components degrees of freedom.
NOTES: ¾ You can define one gravity simulation element per assembly. ¾ All components move at the same speed under the effect of gravity regardless of their mass. ¾ Motion due to motors supersedes motion due to gravity. If you have a motor moving a component to the left and gravity pulling a component to the right, the component moves to the left without any pull to the right. ¾ If you use the Numeric option, you can use the results from Physical Simulation to automatically set up loads and boundary conditions for each part in an assembly for a COSMOSXpress analysis.
To add gravity: 1) Click Gravity
(Simulation toolbar) or Insert, Simulation,
Gravity. The Gravity PropertyManager appears. 2) Select a linear edge, a planar face, a plane, or an axis as the Direction Reference. Click Reverse Direction ,
if necessary.
If you select a plane or a planar face, the Direction Reference is normal to the selected entity. 3) Do one of the following: ¾ Move the Strength slider to the right to increase the gravitational strength or to the left to decrease the strength. ¾ Select Numeric and set a value for Numeric gravity value. 4) Click A Gravity
. Icon is added to the FeatureManager design tree
under the Simulation
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4.3.6.2 Linear or Rotary Motor Linear and rotary motors are simulation elements that move components around an assembly using Physical Simulation. Physical Simulation combines simulation elements with other tools such as mates and Physical Dynamics to move components in a realistic manner within the components degrees of freedom.
NOTES: ¾ Motors move components in a selected direction, but they are not forces. Motor strength does not vary based on component size or mass. For example, a small cube moves at the same speed as a large cube if Velocity is set to an equal value. ¾ If another force (for example, a collision with another component) causes a motor's Direction Reference to change orientation, the motor will move the component in the new direction. ¾ It is recommended that you do not add more than one motor of the same type to the same component. ¾ Motion due to motors supersedes motion due to gravity or springs. If you have a motor moving a component to the left and a spring pulling a component to the right, the component moves to the left. ¾ If you use the Numeric option, you can use the results from Physical Simulation to automatically set up loads and boundary conditions for each part in an assembly for a COSMOSXpress analysis.
Numeric values outside the default range for physical simulation affect only the analysis application. For example, the default maximum speed of a linear motor is 300 mm/s. If you specify a value greater than 300 mm/s, the component does not move at a correspondingly faster rate when you replay the physical simulation, but does move faster in the analysis application.
To add a linear motor: 1) Click Linear Motor
(Simulation toolbar) or Insert, Simulation,
Linear Motor. The Linear Motor PropertyManager appears.
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2) Select a linear or circular edge, a planar, cylindrical, or conical face, or an axis or a plane of a component as the Direction Reference. Click Reverse Direction ,
if necessary.
If you select a circular edge or conical face, the Direction Reference is parallel to the axis of the cylinder. If you select a plane or a planar face, the Direction Reference is normal to the entity. 3) Set the Velocity by doing one of the following: ¾ Move the Velocity slider to the right to increase the speed of the motor or to the left to decrease the speed. ¾ Select Numeric and set a value for Numeric motor value. 4) Click
.
A LinearMotor
icon is added to the FeatureManager design
tree under the Simulation
icon.
To add a rotary motor: 1) Click Rotary Motor
(Simulation toolbar) or Insert, Simulation,
Rotary Motor. The Rotary Motor PropertyManager appears. 2) Select a linear or circular edge, a planar, cylindrical, or conical face, or an axis or a plane of a component as the Direction Reference. Click Reverse Direction,
if necessary.
The Direction Reference is the direction of rotation, not the axis of rotation. The Direction Reference is parallel to the axis of rotation. The software moves the component about its center of mass taking into account mates and other relations to the component. If you select a linear edge, the Direction Reference revolves around the edge. If you select a planar face, the Direction Reference revolves around the normal of the face. 3) Set the Velocity (the speed at which a component moves if no other force acts on it) by doing one of the following: Move the Velocity slider to the right to increase the speed of the motor or to the left to decrease the speed. Select Numeric and set a value for Numeric motor value. 4) Click
.
A RotaryMotor
icon is added to the FeatureManager design
tree under the Simulation
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4.3.6.3 Linear Springs Linear springs are simulation elements that move components around an assembly using Physical Simulation. Physical Simulation combines simulation elements with other tools such as mates and Physical Dynamics to move components in a realistic manner within the components degrees of freedom.
NOTES: ¾ Springs apply a force to a component. A spring with a higher spring constant will move a component faster than a spring with a lower spring constant. Also, a component with a smaller mass will move faster than a component with a larger mass if acted upon by an equal strength spring. ¾ Motion due to a spring stops when the spring reaches its free length. ¾ Motion due to motors supersedes motion due to springs. If you have a motor moving a component to the left and a spring pulling a component to the right, the component moves to the left.
To add a spring: 1) Click Linear Spring
on the Simulation toolbar, or click Insert,
Simulation, Linear Spring. The Linear Spring PropertyManager appears. 2) Select two Spring Endpoints
to connect the spring. You can
select linear edges, vertices, or sketch points. If you select an edge, the Spring Endpoint attaches to the midpoint of the edge. 3) Type a value for Free Length to determine if the spring is stretched or compressed. 4) Type a value for Spring Constant to determine the strength of the spring. 5) Click OK
.
A LinearSpring
icon is added to the FeatureManager design
tree under the Simulation
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4.3.6.4 Recording and Replaying a Simulation Physical Simulation allows you to simulate the effects of motors, springs, and gravity on your assemblies. When you record a simulation, the affected components move to a new location in the assembly. You can then replay the simulation to view it again.
NOTES: ¾ You cannot interact with the assembly components when you are recording a simulation. You cannot use the Move Component or Rotate Component
tools to move components during the
simulation. ¾ If there is an initial collision between two or more components, Physical Simulation ignores collisions between these components while recording a simulation. If the components no longer collide due to the motion of a simulation, Physical Simulation takes subsequent collisions between the components into account. ¾ When you record a simulation, components with in-context references may move if you do not fully define the position of the components. Be cautious when using Physical Simulation in an assembly with in-context references. ¾ When replaying a simulation, the components do not actually move to their original positions. Temporarily, the components appear in their original positions in the graphics area to show the start of the simulation. The replay of the simulation is for graphical purposes only.
To record a simulation: 1) Add simulation elements. See Linear or Rotary Motors, Springs, and Gravity. 2) Click Calculate Simulation
(Simulation toolbar).
The components move within their degrees of freedom according to the simulation elements. The degrees of freedom are determined by the mates on the component and collisions with other components.
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3) Click Stop Record or Playback (
Simulation toolbar) to end
the simulation. Sometimes the simulation stops automatically if the components can no longer move within their degrees of freedom. The components are in their new position. 4) If desired, click Reset Components
(Simulation toolbar) to
return the components to their original position.
To replay a simulation: 1) Click Replay Simulation
(Simulation toolbar) to replay the
simulation from the beginning to the end. The Animation Controller pop-up toolbar appears. The physical simulation plays. 2) Click a tool on the Animation Controller pop-up toolbar. For example, you can continuously replay the simulation or replay it at one-half speed.
4.4
ACTIVITIES In this activity, we will make an assembly using existing components. The assembly is a universal joint, and is made up of a number of individual parts and one sub-assembly as shown below:
Crank sub Yoke_male Bracket Pin [short] (2 copies) Pin [long] Spider Yoke_female
Figure 4.8: A universal joint of an individual parts and one sub-assembly
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1) Open an existing part Open the part Bracket. A new assembly will be created using this part. The first component added to an assembly should be a part that will not move. By fixing the first component, others can be mated to it without any danger of it moving.
Figure 4.9: Bracket
Creating a New Assembly New assemblies can be created directly or be made from an open part or assembly. The new assembly contains an origin, the three standard reference planes and a special feature. Use the Make Assembly from Part/Assembly option to generate a new assembly from an open part. The part is used as the first component in the new assembly and is fixed in space.
Click Make Assembly from Part/Assembly
on the Standard
toolbar.
Or, click File, Make Assembly from Part.
2) Locate component. Place the component at the origin by simply clicking OK. The part will appear in the assembly FeatureManager design tree as Fixed (f).
Figure 4.10: Locate the component
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3) Save Save the assembly under the name Universal Joint. Assembly files have the file extension *.sldasm. Close the Bracket part file.
Adding Components Once the first component has been inserted and fully defined, other parts can be added and mated to it. In this example, the Yoke_male part will be inserted and mated. This part should be under defined so that it is free to rotate. There are several ways to add components to the assembly: •
Use the Insert dialog.
•
Drag them from the Explorer.
•
Drag them from an open document.
•
Drag them from the Task Pane.
All these methods will be demonstrated in this module, beginning with use of Insert Component. This is the same dialog that appears automatically when Make Assembly from Part is used.
Insert Component The Insert Component dialog is used to find, preview and add components to the current assembly. Click the Keep Visible (pushpin) button to add multiple components or multiple instances of the same component.
Click Existing Part/Assembly
Or, click Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly…
on the Assembly toolbar.
4) Insert Yoke_male Click Insert, Component, Existing Part/Assembly…and select the Yoke_male using Browse….button. Position the component on the screen to the left of the Bracket and click to place it. The new component is listed as: (-) Yoke_male This means that the component is the first instance of Yoke_male and it is under defined. It still has all six degrees of freedom.
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5) Highlighting Clicking on a component in the FeatureManager design tree will cause that component to highlight (light green). Also, moving the cursor to a component in the graphics window will display the feature name.
Figure 4.11: Insert Yoke_male
Figure 4.12: Highlighting Yoke_male
6) Move Click on the component and drag it to move it closer to where it will be mated.
7) Selection filter Toggle the Selection Filter Toolbar on and set the Select
option
to faces .
8) Mate PropertyManager Click on the Insert Mate tool
to access the PropertyManager. If
the PropertyManager is open, you can select the faces without using the Ctrl key.
The Mate Pop-up Toolbar is used to make selections easier by displaying the available mate types on the screen. The mate types that are available vary by geometry selection and mirror those that appear in the PropertyManager. The dialog appears on the graphics but can be dragged anywhere.
Figure 4.13: Mate pop-up toolbar
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9) Selections and preview Select the faces of the Yoke_male and the Bracket as indicated. As the second face is selected, the Mate Pop-up Toolbar is displayed. Concentric is selected as the default and the mate is previewed.
Figure 4.14: Selection of the face
10) Add a mate The faces are listed in the Mate Settings list. Exactly two items should appear in the list. Accept the Concentric mate and click Add/Finish Mate (check mark).
11) Planar face Select the top planar face of the Yoke_male component.
Figure 4.15: Select the top planar face
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12) Select Other Use Select Other to select the hidden face of the Bracket on the underside of the top flange. Add a Coincident mate to bring the selected faces into contact.
Figure 4.16: Select the hidden face
13) Mates listed The mates, concentric and coincident, remain listed in the Mates group box. They will be added to the Mates folder when the OK button on the PropertyManager dialog is clicked. They can also be removed from this group box so that they are not added. Click OK.
14) State of constraint The Yoke_male component is listed under constrained. It is still able to move by rotating around the axis of its cylindrical surface. Test the behavior of the Yoke_male by dragging it.
Figure 4.17: Rotating the cylindrical
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15) Add the Spider Use Insert Component to add the Spider component.
Figure 4.18: Insert the Spider
16) Concentric mate for Spider Add a mate between the Spider and the Yoke_male. Add a Concentric mate between the two cylindrical faces. Turn off the face Selection Filter.
Figure 4.19: Mate the Spider and Yoke_male
Notes - Width Mate The Width mate is the first of the Advance Mates the Mate dialog. Selections include a pair of Width selections and a pair of Tab selection. The Tab faces are centered between the Width faces to locate the component. The Spider component should be centered within the Yoke_male and Yoke_female components. The Width selections form the “outer” faces, used to contain the other component. The Tab selection(s) form the “inner” faces, used to locate the component
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17) Width mate Click Insert, Mate and select the Advance Mates tab. Click the Width mate
and select the Width selections and Tab selections as
shown.
Figure 4.20: Mating by using Width mate
18) Results The mate keeps the Spider centered inside the Yoke_male with equal gaps on each side.
Figure 4.21: Spider centered inside the Yoke_male
19) Mates by component Expand the Spider component in the FeatureManager. A folder named Mates in Universal Joint is added to each component that is mated. The folder contains the mates which use geometry of that component. The folder is a subset of the Mates folder which contains all mates.
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Figure 4.22: The mates by component
20) Open Explorer Size the Explorer window so the SolidWorks is a native Windows application, it supports standard Windows techniques like “drag and drop”. The part files can be dragged from the Explorer window into the assembly to add them. Drag and drop the Yoke_female into the graphic area.
Figure 4.23: Insert Yoke_female by “drag and drop”
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21) Rotate using Triad Right-click the Yoke_Female and select Move with Triad. Drag the red ring counterclockwise as shown.
Figure 4.24: Rotate the Yoke_female
22) Concentric mate Select the cylindrical faces as shown and add a Concentric mate between them.
23) Second width mate Add a Width mate between the Spider and the Yoke_female. The Spider is centered on the Yoke_female component.
Figure 4.25: Mating the Yoke_female
24) Potential over defined condition Select the faces of the Yoke_female and Bracket as shown. Because of the clearance between the Yoke_female and the Bracket, a
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Coincident male is unsolvable. The gap prevents coincidence. If a Coincident mate was selected, a warning dialog would appear: Warning : This mate is over defining the assembly. Consider deleting some of the over defining mates.
Figure 4.26: Over defined condition
Parallel Mate A Parallel mate keeps the selected planar faces or planes parallel to each other without forcing contact between them.
25) Set to Parallel Select the Parallel mate to maintain the gap between the faces.
Figure 4.27: Mating by using Parallel mate
26) Drag components Drag the Yoke_male component to turn it. The mated components Spider and Yoke_female move with it.
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Displaying Part Configurations in an Assembly When you add a part to an assembly you can choose which of its configurations will be displayed. Or, once the part is inserted and mated, you can switch its configuration. The part named Pin have two configurations: SHORT and LONG. Any configuration can be used in the assembly. In this case, two instances will use SHORT and one will use LONG.
LONG
SHORT
Figure 4.28: The Pins
27) Drag and drop Open the part Pin and tile the windows of the assembly and part. Drag and drop the Pin into the assembly window by dragging the top-level component from the FeatureManger
. An instance of
the Pin is added to the assembly.
Figure 4.29: Tile vertically window
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28) Concentric mate Add a Concentric mate between the cylindrical face in the Yoke_female and Pin. The pin can be dragged while using the mate dialog. Drag it through as shown.
Figure 4.30: Mating the Long Pin
29) Tangent mate Add a Tangent mate between the planar end face of the Pin and the cylindrical face in the Yoke_female.
30) Cascade the windows Click Window, Cascade to see both the part and assembly windows. Switch to the ConfigurationManager of the Pin.
Figure 4.31: Cascade the window
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31) Drag and drop a configuration Drag and drop the configuration SHORT into the graphics window of the assembly. You can drag and drop any configuration from the ConfigurationManager, not just the active one.
32) Second instance The second instance of the Pin component is added, this time using the SHORT configuration. The component is added and it displays the proper configuration name in the FeatureManager design tree.
Figure 4.32: The second instance of the Pin
33) Mate the component Add Concentric and Tangent mates to mate the second instance of the Pin.
Creating Copies of Instances Many times parts and sub-assemblies are used more than once in an assembly. To create multiple instances, or copies of the components, copy and paste existing ones into the assembly.
34) Close the Pin document and maximize the assembly window
35) Drag a copy Create another copy of the Pin component by holding the Ctrl key while dragging the instance with the SHORT configuration from the FeatureManager design tree of the assembly. The result is another instance that uses the SHORT configuration, since it was copied from a component with that configuration.
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You can also drag a copy by selecting the component in the graphics window.
Figure 4.33: Copy the Pin (Short)
Component Hiding and Transparency Hiding a component temporarily removes the component’s graphics but leaves the component active within the assembly. A hidden component still resides in memory, still has its mates solved, and is still considered in operations like mass property calculations. Another option is to change the transparency of the component. Selections can be made through the component to others behind it.
Hide Component and Show Component Hide Component turns off the display of a component, making it easier to see other parts of the assembly. When a component is hidden, its icon in the FeatureManager design tree appears in outline form like this :
Show Component turns the display back on.
Click Hide/Show Component
on the Assembly toolbar. This
acts as a toggle. If the component if visible, it will hide it. If the component is hidden, it will show it.
Right-click the component and select Hide or Show.
Right-click the component and select Component Properties…from the Component list. Select the Hide Component check box.
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From the pull-down menu, choose Edit, Hide or Edit, Show.
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Change Transparency Change Transparency makes the component transparency 75% and switches it back to 0%. Selections pass through the transparent component unless the Shift key is pressed during selection. The FeatureManager icon does not change when a component is transparent.
Click Change Transparency
on the Assembly toolbar. This
acts as a toggle.
Right-click the component and select Change Transparency.
36) Hide the Bracket Change the view orientation by pressing Shift+Left Arrow once. Click on the Bracket component and hide it using the
Hide/Show
Component tool. Hiding removes the component’s graphics temporarily but leaves the mates intact. The FeatureManager design tree displays the component in outline when hidden
Use Hide Component not Hide Solid Body. Hide Solid Body will hide the solid within the part.
37) Complete the mating Complete the mating of this component by adding Concentric and Tangent mates using Insert Mate.
Figure 4.34: Mating the Pin (Short)
38) Show the component Select the bracket again and click Hide/Show Component to toggle the graphics back on.
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Figure 4.35: Show the Bracket
39) Return to previous view Previous view states can be recalled using the Previous View button on the View toolbar. Each time you press the button, the view display backs up through the display list, whether the view state was saved or not. Click once to return to the previous Isometric view.
Sub-assemblies
Existing assemblies can also be inserted into the current assembly by dragging. When an assembly file is added to an existing assembly, we refer to it as a sub-assembly. However, to the SolidWorks software, it is still an assembly (*.sldasm) file.
The sub-assembly and all its component parts are added to the FeatureManager design tree. The sub-assembly must be mated to the assembly by one of its component parts or its reference planes. The sub-assembly is treated as a single piece component, regardless of how many components are within it.
A new assembly will be created for the components of the crank. It will be used as a sub-assembly.
41) New assembly Create a new assembly. Click Keep Visible
on the Insert
Component PropertyManager and add the Crank-shaft component. Locate it at the origin of the assembly. It is Fixed. Name the assembly crank sub.
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42) Add components Using the same dialog, add the crank-arm and crank-knob components. Close the dialog.
Figure 4.36: The components
Smart Mates
Mates can be added between components while dragging and dropping them. This method, called Smart Mates, uses the Alt key in conjunction with standard drag and drop techniques.
These mates use the same Mate Pop-up Toolbar as the Mate tool uses to set the type and other attributes. All mate types can be created with this method.
Certain techniques generate multiple mates and do not use the toolbar. These require the use of the Tab key to switch mate alignment.
43) Smart Mate concentric Follow these steps to add a Concentric mate through the Smart Mate technique: 1.
Click and hold the circular face of the crank-arm.
2.
Press and hold the Alt key as you drag the component.
3.
Move the component over the circular face of the crankshaft.
4.
Drop the component when the tooltip appears
,
indicating a concentric mate. 5.
Confirm the Concentric type from the Mate Pop-up Toolbar.
A Concentric mate is added between the crank-arm and the crankshaft components.
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Figure 4.37: Smart mate concentric
44) Smart Mate parallel. Spin the crank-arm around so the flat is selectable using dragging. Select the flat and Alt+drag it to the flat on the crank-shaft. Drop the component when the symbol
appears, indicating a Coincident
mate between planar faces. Use the Mate Pop-up Toolbar to switch to a Parallel mate.
Figure 5.37: Smart mate parallel
45) Coincident Select the edge of the crank-arm and Alt+drag it to the flat on the crank-shaft. Drop the component when the symbol
appears,
indicating a Coincident mate between and edge and a planar face. Use the Mate Pop-up Toolbar to confirm the Coincident mate.
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Figure 5.38: Smart mate coincident
46) “Peg-in-hole” The “Peg-in-hole” option is a special case of the Smart Mate that creates two mates from one drag and drop. This operation is easier if the crank-knob has been rotated. Select the circular edge on the crank-knob. Press Alt and drag it to the circular edge on the top of the crank-arm. Release the Alt key when the symbol
appears, indicating that
both Coincident and Concentric mates will be added. Press the Tab key, if necessary, to reverse the alignment. Drop the component.
Figure 4.38: Peg-in-hole
Inserting Sub-assembly Sub-assemblies are existing that are added to the active assembly. All of the components and mates act as a single component.
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47) Select the sub-assembly Using Insert Component, the dialog is set to list any open parts or assemblies under Open documents. The crank sub is listed and selected.
48) Place the sub-assembly Place the sub-assembly near the top of the Yoke_male component. Expanding the sub-assembly component icon shows all the component parts within it, including its own mate group.
Figure 4.39: Placing the sub-assembly
Mating Sub-assemblies Sub-assemblies follow the same rules for mating as parts. They are considered components and can be mated using the Mate tool, Alt+drag mating or a combination of both.
49) Concentric mate Add a Concentric mate, using Mate tool, between the cylindrical surface of the post on the top of the Yoke_male and the crank-shaft.
50) Parallel mate Mate the flat on the Yoke_male with the flat in the D-hole in the crankshaft using the Mate tool and a Parallel mate.
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51) Alignment Click the Flip Mate Alignment button to test Anti-Aligned (above) and Aligned (right). Use the anti-aligned condition for this mate.
Concentric Parallel mate
Figure 4.40: Mating sub-assemlies
Distance Mates Distance mates allow for gaps between mating components. You can think of it as a parallel mate with an offset distance. There is generally more than one solution so the options Flip Mate Alignment and Flip Dimension are used to determine how the distance is measures and what the side it is on.
52) Select the faces Select the top face of the Bracket and the bottom face of the crankshaft component to create the mate.
Figure 4.41: Selecting the faces
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53) Add a Distance mate
Specify a distance of 1mm.
Even though the units of this assembly and all of its components are inches, you can enter metric values in the spin boxes. Just type mm after the number. The system will automatically convert it to 0.039 inches.
Click Preview.
If the crank-shaft penetrates into the bracket select the Flip Dimension [ ] button.
Click OK to create the mate.
Figure 4.42: Mating by using distance mate
54) Select in the FeatureManager Select the sub-assembly crank sub in the FeatureManager design tree. All components in the sub-assembly will be selected and highlighted light green.
Figure 4.43: Crank sub selected
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55) Dynamic Assembly Motion Use Change Transparency on the yokes and pins. Move the handle to see the motion of the spider.
Figure 4.44: Change transparency
56) Save and close
Interference Detection Interference Detection is used to find interference (clashes) between component parts in an assembly. It can be directed to check all components in the assembly, or just selected ones.
Click Interference Detection
From the Tools menu choose: Interference Detection….
on the Assembly toolbar.
57) Click Tools, Interference Detection…. The Interference Detection PropertyManager opens.
58) Interference detection
Select the top level component UJ_for_INT to check all the components in the assembly. The assembly UJ_for_INT.SLDASM appears in the Selected Components list.
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Click Calculate.
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Figure 4.45: Interference detection
59) Interferences The analysis has found three interferences among the selected entities. The listings Interference1, Interference2 and Interference3 are shown in the Results listing followed by a volume of interference. The interference is marked in the graphics window using a volume displayed in red. By default, the interfering components are transparent and the other components remain opaque. Click OK.
Interference1
Interference2
Interference3
Figure 4.46: The interferences
60) Visual methods Areas of interference can sometimes be determined visually. Shaded (without edges) and Hidden Lines Visible displays can be used. In this case, the crank-shaft volume overlaps that of the Bracket.
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Figure 4.47: Areas of interference
61) Edit Feature Right-click the Distance1 mate and choose Edit Feature. Click the Flip Dimension option and click OK.
Figure 4.48: Edit the mate
62) Recheck the interferences Select the Bracket, crank-shaft and Yoke_male components and click Interference Detection. As expected, No Interference is the result.
Static vs. Dynamic Interference Detection The problem with a static method of interference detection is that the components of an assembly may only interfere under certain conditions. What is needed is a way to detect collisions dynamically, while an assembly is moving.
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Collision Detection Collision Detection analyzes selected components in the assembly during dynamic assembly motion, alerting you when faces clash or collide. You have the options of stopping the motion upon collision, highlighting the colliding faces, and generating a system sound.
On the Move Component
or Rotate Component
PropertyManagers, select Collision Detection.
63) Collision Detection Click Move Component
and check Collision Detection.
Check All components and stop at collision. Turn the U-joint by dragging the crank handle. When the inner edges of two yokes collide, the system alerts you by highlighting the faces and generating a system sound.
Figure 4.49: Collision detection
64) Narrow the selection
The option All components means collisions with all assembly components are detected. This puts more demands on system resources, especially in a large assembly. If you choose These components, only collisions with a group of assembly components that you select are detected.
Click These components and select the Yoke_female and Yoke_male components.
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Click Stop at collision and then Resume Drag.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 4 – Assembly Parts
Figure 4.50: Narrow the selction
65) Turn off Collision Detection Click OK to close the PropertyManger.
Correcting the Interference Filleting or chamfering the edges of the yokes will eliminate the interference.
66) Open part In the FeatureManager design tree, right-click the Yoke_female and select Open Part. Add a 0.05” x 45 chamfer to the edges as shown. Save the changes.
Figure 4.51: Chamfer
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67) Return to the assembly Click Window, UJ_for_INT.SLDASM or by using Ctrl+Tab. When the software detects the change in the part, you will be prompted with a message asking if you would like to rebuild the assembly. Click No in response to the message until all changes have been made.
68) Correct the Yoke_male component Open the Yoke_male using Open Part. Add a chamfer the same as was done in the Yoke_female component. Save the changes and return to the assembly, clicking Yes on the Rebuild Assembly message.
69) Check for Interference Click Move Component. Click these options: •
Collision Detection
•
All components
•
Stop at Collision
Test for interference by turning the crank. No collisions are detected.
70) Turn off the Move Component tool
Physical Simulation Physical Simulation allows you to simulate the effects of motors, springs, and gravity on your assemblies. Physical Simulation combines simulation elements with SolidWorks tool such as mates and Physical Dynamics to move components around your assembly. Use an assembly that has the mates to support the simulation effects.
Simulation Toolbar
The commands for Physical Simulation are located on the Simulation toolbar. The individual tools will be explained latter in this module.
Figure 4.52: Simulation toolbar
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Click Simulation Toolbar on the Assembly toolbar.
Or, click View, Toolbars and select Simulation.
Toolbar Options There are several options for creating the simulation: Stop Record or Playback
Calculate Simulation
Reset Components
Replay Simulation
There are several simulation elements that move components around in the assembly.
Table 2: Simulation Element Simulation Element
Description Linear Motors move components along a straight line
Linear Motor
path. Rotary Motors move components about a selected axis,
Rotary Motor
but they are not forces. Motor strength does not vary based on component size or mass. Springs apply a force to a component. A spring with a higher spring constant will move a component faster than a spring with a lower spring constant. Also, a
Linear Spring
component with a larger mass will move faster than a component with a larger mass if acted upon by springs of equal strength. You can define only one gravity simulation element per
Gravity
assembly. All components move at the same speed under the effect of gravity regardless of their mass.
Animation Controller The Animation Controller is invoked by the Replay Simulation button on the Simulation toolbar.
Figure 4.53: Animation controller
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FeatureManager Design Tree When you add simulation elements to an assembly, a Simulation feature is added to the FeatureManager. If you right-click on the Simulation feature, you can:
Delete the Simulation feature, including all the simulation elements.
Delete the replay of the simulation. This leaves the simulation elements intact.
Reset the components to their positions prior to the simulation.
71) Add a rotary motor Click Rotary Motor
and select the circular edge of the crank-shaft
as the Direction of the motor. Clicking the Numeric option allows you to set a real value for the angular velocity in the currents units. In this example it would be degrees per second.
Figure 4.54: Select the simulation element and face
72) Simulation folder When the Rotary Motor is added, a new Simulation folder is added to hold it.
73) Calculate the simulation Click Calculate Simulation
on the Simulation toolbar. Record
approximately two complete revolutions of the crank-assy. When you record a simulation, the components actually move within their degrees of freedom according to the simulation elements. The degrees of freedom are determined by the mates on the components and collisions with other components.
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74) Stop recording Click Stop Record or Playback
on the Simulation toolbar.
75) Play the Simulation Click Replay Simulation
on the Simulation toolbar to access the
Animation Controller. Use any of the controller options to speed up, slow down, loop or reciprocate the playback.
76) Save and close
Assignment/Exercise
Exercise 1: Mates Create this assembly by adding components to a new assembly and using Insert Mate.
Figure 1: The assembly
This exercise uses the following skills: •
Creating a New Assembly
•
Adding Components
•
Mating Components
Units: mm The design intent for this part is as follows: 1. Files are found in the ‘Mates folder’. 2. Component parts are mated as shown in the details. 3. Two instances of the Brace and EndConnect are required. 4. Each Brace component is centered on the hole in the EndConnect component.
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Figure 2: The dimensions
Tip : Mates between planes can be used to center components. Use the following graphics along with the design intent to determine the shape and relationships within the assembly.
Brace
RectPlate
EndConnect
Figure 3: The exploded view
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Exercise 2: Gripe Grinder Assemble this device by following the steps as shown.
This exercise uses the following skills: •
Creating a New Assembly
•
Adding Components
•
Mating Components
•
Dynamic Assembly Motion
Units: mm
The procedure for this assembles is as follows: 1) Open a new assembly 2) Add the component Base Drag the Base into the assembly and fully constrain it to the assembly origin.
Add the Slider Add the Slider to the assembly. Mate it to one of the dovetail slots. A width and coincident mate are required.
3) Add a second copy of the Slider Mate it to the other dovetail slot. Both Sliders should be free to move back and forth in their respective slots.
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4) Crank assembly Open a new assembly. Build the Crank assembly as shown at the right. The crank is shown in both exploded and collapsed states. The Crank assembly consists of: •
Handle (1)
•
Knob (1)
•
Truss Head Screw (1) [#8-32 (0.5” long)] configuration
•
RH Machine Screw (2) [#4-40 (0.625” long)] configuration
5) Insert the Crank assembly into the main assembly Tile the two assembly windows, and drag and drop the sub-assembly into the main assembly.
6) Mate the Crank assembly to the Sliders The two RH Machine Screws go into the holes in the Sliders. The underside of the Handle mates to the top face of one of the Sliders.
7) Turn the Crank The movement of the Knob follows an elliptical path. The movement of each Slider traces the major and minor axes of that ellipse.
8) Save and close the assembly and the part.
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4.5
REFERENCES
1.
SolidWorks Corporation, (1995 – 2006), Solidworks Office Premium: Solidworks Essentials, Solidworks Corporation.
2.
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SolidWorks 2007 Online User’s Guide – Assemblies.
SolidWorks Module
Unit 5 – Detail Drawing
UNIT 5 DETAIL DRAWING
5.1
INTRODUCTION This aim of this unit is to teach you how to create engineering drawings of parts and assemblies using SolidWorks mechanical design automation software. Therefore, the focus of this unit is on the fundamental skills and concepts central to successfully making engineering drawings. This unit is consists of Sheet format and templates, Dimensions, Drawing views, Bill of Materials chart, Center mark and center line, Annotation and Sectioning.
5.2
LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completion of this module, by utilizing case studies to illustrate these processes, you learn the necessary commands, options and menus in the context of completing a task.
5.3
LEARNING CONTENTS
5.3.1
Overview
You can create 2D drawings of the 3D solid parts and assemblies you design. Parts, assemblies, and drawings are linked documents; any changes that you make to the part or assembly change the drawing document.
Generally, a drawing consists of several views generated from the model. Views can also be created from existing views. For example, a section view is created from an existing drawing view.
5.3.2
Sheet Formats and Templates This lesson deals with the setting and best practices for creating a drawing template and a related sheet format. It describes how to create linked notes and the best use of custom properties in your drawings.
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Drawing Templates Creating a drawing template requires more work than creating a part or an assembly template. To create a drawing template: o
Create a Sheet Format file. The Sheet Format file contains the drawing border and title block, standard notes and smart notes linked to custom and special properties, anchor points for tables, and custom properties.
o
Save the Sheet Format file which has a *.SLDDRT file extension.
o
Assign the Sheet Format file to the drawing file. Set document properties and optionally add pre-defined views.
o
Save the Drawing Template file which has a *.DRWDOT file extension. The template file includes the document properties, the Sheet Format file, and any pre-defined views.
Drawing Templates and Sheet Formats Drawing templates and sheet formats are closely related but different. SolidWorks is supplied with a single drawing template and a set of English and metric sheet formats. When you open a new drawing using the default SolidWorks template, the size of the drawing is undefined. The system prompts you to select a sheet format. This determines the size of the drawing sheet, crates the drawing’s borders and title block, establishes the default sheet scale, and determines the type of view projection (first or third angle) and sets up the next letter of the alphabet to be used in view datum labels.
5.3.2.1 Properties in the Template The standard SolidWorks drawing templates (C-Landscape for example) are populated with the notes that are linked to properties. The values used by these notes come from the Custom Properties of either the part / assembly used in the views or the drawing sheet itself. You can customize the default sheet formats and save them as new files or overwrite the existing files. In this way you can still use the default drawing template to select the size of sheet required but the sheet formats that will be inserted into the drawing are your custom sheets.
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You can also create customized drawing templates. These templates can have the appropriate sheet format already associated with them. For example you can create a C-Size specific template that not only contains all of the appropriate text sizes and dimension settings but it also has the correct sheet format already in place. Properties, Custom or Configuration Specific are used to add customized information to documents in the form of a Property Name and user supplied Value. This information can be extracted by processes such as a Linked Note and BOM. Custom Properties allow you to create your own properties which are linked to all configurations of the part or assembly file. For example, a property of Material can be added for all configurations of the part. Configuration Specific Properties can be used to create properties which differ from configuration to configuration. For example, a property of Cost can be added that has a different value for each configuration of the part. SolidWorks Special Properties can be added to a sheet format and linked to notes in the format and on the sheet itself. The properties can be linked to the part or assembly file that is inserted into the sheet.
5.3.2.2 Customizing a Sheet Format In this lesson a new drawing template will be created. A standard sheet format will be modified by adding notes and custom properties. These changes will be saved as a new sheet format and also saved into a new drawing template file.
Editing the Sheet Format
o The Sheet Format can be edited to customize the title block and graphics. This includes editing note text and adding geometry and annotations.
o When Tools, Options, System Options, Drawings, Display sketch entity points is selected, the endpoints of sketch entities are displayed as filled circles in drawing sheets drawing sheet formats, but not in drawing views.
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Unit 5 – Detail Drawing
Inserting OLE Objects Inserting OLE objects to drawings can be a simple method of inserting a company logo or a related image to the drawing. The OLE objects can be Linked or Embedded. ¾ Select Insert, Object… or drag and drop the object into the SolidWorks document window.
Linking Notes to Properties Properties can be linked to notes in the sheet format. Different information can be accessed from the drawing itself or the part/assembly shown within the views.
Linking to a SW Special Property The SW Special properties exist in the drawing and extract information from the drawing.
Using Snap and Grid You can display a sketch grid in an active sketch or drawing and set options for the grid display and snap functionality. The options for grid spacing and minor grid lines per major lines apply to the rulers in drawings as well as to sketching and drawing grid lines. ¾ Click Tools, Options, Document Properties, Grid/Snap. ¾ Or click the Grid tool [ ] on the sketch toolbar.
Saving a Drawing Template You can create and save drawing templates predefined sheet formats, multiple sheets, and predefined drawing views. Drawing templates have a *.drwdot file extension and can be saved in any location required. ¾ Click File, Save as…, and select Drawing Templates (*.drwdot).
5.3.2.3 Creating a Drawing Drawings consist of one or more views generated from a part or assembly. The part or assembly associated with the drawing must be saved before you can create the drawing. You can create a drawing from within a part or assembly document.
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Drawing files have the .slddrw extension. A new drawing takes the name of the first model inserted. The name appears in the title bar. When you save the drawing, the name of the model appears in the Save As dialog box as the default file name, with the default extension .slddrw. You can edit the name before saving the drawing.
To create a drawing from within a part or assembly document: 1) Click Make Drawing from Part/Assembly
on the Standard
toolbar. 2) Select a Sheet Format/Size, then click OK. If you click Cancel, no sheet format is used. 3) Drag views from the View Palette into the drawing sheet, and set options in the PropertyManager.
To create a new drawing: 1) Click New
on the Standard toolbar, or click File, New.
2) In the New SolidWorks Document dialog box, select Drawing , then click OK. 3) Select a Sheet Format/Size, then click OK. If you click Cancel, no sheet format is used. 4) In the Model View PropertyManager, select a model from Open documents or browse to a part or assembly file. 5) Specify options in the PropertyManager, then place the view in the graphics area.
5.3.2.4 Size of the Sheet
You select a sheet format when you open a new drawing. The standard sheet formats include links to system properties and custom properties.
Sheet formats help create drawings with a uniform format. Drawing sheet formats are OLE documents in which you can embed objects such as bitmaps.
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To select a sheet format: 1) Click New
on the Standard toolbar.
2) Select Drawing ,
then click OK.
3) Select from the following, then click OK. If you click Cancel, no sheet format is used. ¾ Standard sheet size. Select a standard sheet size, or click Browse and locate a custom sheet format file . ¾ Display sheet format (available for standard sheet sizes). Display border, title block, and so on. ¾ Custom sheet size. Specify a Width and Height. To select a different sheet format in an existing drawing document, rightclick in the graphics area and select Properties. To save a sheet format, click File, Save Sheet Format.
5.3.2.5 The Drawing Window The drawing window includes a FeatureManager design tree that is similar to the design tree in the part and assembly windows. The FeatureManager design tree for drawings consists of a hierarchical list of items pertaining to the drawing. There is an icon for each sheet; under each sheet, there are icons for the sheet format and each view. Standard views contain the feature list for the part or assembly shown in the view. Generated views, such as detail or section views, contain additional, view-specific items (detail circles, section lines, and so on). The drawing window has rulers at the top and left side. The rulers (and the status bar) show the position of the pointer on the sheet. To turn the ruler display on or off, click View, Rulers. To specify the major and minor ruler line graduations, click Tools, Options, Document Properties, Grid/Snap. Specify the Major grid spacing and Minor-lines per major settings.
5.3.2.6 Sheet Properties You can set the sheet properties when you add a new sheet or edit an existing sheet.
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To specify sheet properties: 1) In the drawing sheet, right-click the sheet icon in the FeatureManager design tree, any blank area of the drawing sheet, or the sheet tab at the bottom of the drawing window, and select Properties. 2) Specify properties as described below and click OK.
Name. Enter a title in the box. Scale. Set a scale for the sheet. Type of projection. Select First angle or Third angle for Standard 3 View projection. Next view label. Specify the letter of the alphabet to be used for the next section and detail views. Next datum. Specify the letter of the alphabet to be used for the next datum feature symbol.
5.3.2.7 Sheet Format/Size ¾ Standard sheet size. Select a standard sheet size, or click Browse and locate a custom sheet format file. •
Reload. If you make changes to the Sheet Format, click to return to the default format.
•
Display sheet format. Display border, title block, and so on.
¾ Custom sheet size. Specify a Width and Height. Use custom property values from model shown in. If more than one model is shown on the sheet and the drawing contains notes that are linked to custom properties of a model, select the view that contains the model whose properties you want to use. If you do not specify otherwise, the properties of the model in the first view inserted into the sheet are used.
5.3.2.8 Scales in Drawing Scales in drawings apply to sheets or views. The scale for the active drawing sheet appears in the status line at the bottom of the window, and the scale for the active view appears in the view PropertyManager. You can also scale a drawing when you print it.
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Setting Scales To set the scale of an existing drawing sheet: ¾ Right-click the sheet and select Properties. In the Sheet Properties dialog box, edit the values of Scale.
To set the scale of a drawing view: ¾ For existing drawing views, select a view or views, then set the Scale in the PropertyManager. ¾ For new drawing views where the PropertyManager appears during view insertion (such as Model, Projected, Predefined, and so on), set the Scale in the PropertyManager. The pre-set options in Use custom scale differ based on the dimensioning standard.
Autoscaling Automatically scale new drawing views in the Drawings Options controls the scaling of new views as follows: ¾ When selected, the SolidWorks software automatically scales the views to best fit on the drawing sheet, and the scale of the drawing sheet becomes the same as the scale of the views. ¾ When cleared, the views are inserted at the scale of the drawing sheet. When you insert Projected Views, Auxiliary Views and Section Views, the scale is set to Use parent scale. If you change the scale of a parent view, the scale of all child views that use the parent scale is updated.
5.3.3
Dimensions Dimensions in a SolidWorks drawing are associated with the model, and changes in the model are reflected in the drawing.
Model Dimensions. Typically, you create dimensions as you create each part feature, then insert those dimensions into the various drawing views.
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Changing a dimension in the model updates the drawing, and changing an inserted dimension in a drawing changes the model.
Mark for Drawings. When creating dimensions in part sketches, you can specify whether the dimension should be included when inserting model dimensions into drawings. Right-click the dimension and select Mark For Drawing. You can also specify that dimensions marked for drawings be inserted automatically into new drawing views. Click Tools, Options, Document Properties, Detailing and select Dimensions marked for drawing under Auto insert on view creation.
Reference Dimensions. You can also add dimensions in the drawing document, but these are reference dimensions, and are driven; you cannot edit the value of reference dimensions to change the model. However, the values of reference dimensions change when the model dimensions change.
Color. By default, model dimensions are black. This includes dimensions that are blue in the part or assembly document (such as the extrusion depth). Reference dimensions are gray and appear with parentheses by default. You can specify colors for various types of dimensions in Tools, Options, System Options, Colors and specify Add parentheses by default in Tools, Options, Document Properties, Dimensions.
Arrows. Circular handles appear on dimension arrows when dimensions are selected. When you click on an arrowhead handle (on either handle if there are two for the dimension), the arrows flip outside or inside. When you right-click on a handle, a list of arrowhead styles appears. You can change the style of any dimension arrowhead individually by this method.
Selection. You can select dimensions by clicking anywhere on the dimension, including dimension and extension lines and arrows.
Hide and Show Dimensions. You can hide and show dimensions with Hide/Show Annotations
on the Annotation toolbar or View menu.
You can also right-click a dimension and select Hide to hide the dimension. You can also hide and show dimensions in annotation views.
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Hide and Show Lines. To hide a dimension line or extension line, rightclick the line and select Hide Dimension Line or Hide Extension Line. To show hidden lines, right-click the dimension or a visible line and select Show Dimension Lines or Show Extension Lines.
Radius and Diameter Displays. You can change a dimension to diameter, radius, or linear display in the Dimension Properties dialog box or on screen. On screen, right-click a radius or diameter dimension and select: ¾ Display As Diameter ¾ Display As Radius ¾ Display As Linear
You can right-click and select the above options only when you first create the dimension. If you edit the sketch later on, right-click the dimension and select Display Options, then select an option above.
Display Options. Right-click a dimension and select Display Options. The choices available depend on the type of dimension and other factors and can include the following: ¾ Remove Slant ¾ Center Dimension ¾ Offset Text ¾ Change Plane ¾ Align Ordinate ¾ Jog ¾ Re-Jog Ordinate ¾ Show Parentheses ¾ Show as Inspection ¾ Display As Diameter ¾ Display As Radius ¾ Display As Linear
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5.3.3.1 Inserting Dimensions into Drawings
Dimensions in a SolidWorks drawing are associated with the model, and changes in the model are reflected in the drawing.
Typically, you create dimensions as you create each part feature, then insert those dimensions into the various drawing views. Changing a dimension in the model updates the drawing, and changing an inserted dimension in a drawing changes the model.
By default, inserted dimensions are black. This includes dimensions that are blue in the part or assembly document (such as the extrusion depth). Reference dimensions are gray and appear with parentheses.
Dimensions are inserted only once for a part, even if the part shows in multiple instances in an assembly.
When you insert dimensions into all views, the dimensions appear in the most appropriate view. Features that appear in partial views, such as Detail or Section views, are dimensioned in those views first.
When you insert dimensions into selected views, you can insert the dimensions for the entire model, or you can selectively insert the dimensions for one or more components (in an assembly drawing) or features (in a part or assembly drawing).
Dimensions are placed only in the views where they are appropriate. Duplicate dimensions are not inserted automatically. Once a dimension has been inserted into one view, it is not inserted again into another view.
You can delete a dimension from one view, then insert it into a different view, or you can move or copy it to another view.
Dimension Type Dimensions in drawings are either: ¾ True. Accurate model values. ¾ Projected. 2D dimensions. The dimension type is set when you insert a drawing view. You can view and change the dimension type in drawing view PropertyManagers.
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The rules for dimension type are: ¾ SolidWorks specifies Projected type dimensions for standard and custom orthogonal views and True type dimensions for isometric, dimetric, and trimetric views. ¾ If you create a projected or auxiliary view from another view, the new view uses Projected type dimensions, even if the original view used True type dimensions.
5.3.3.2 Setting Dimensions Options You can set options for dimensions in the current document. You can also specify properties for specific dimensions in a document, either in the Dimension Properties dialog box or in the PropertyManager. To set options for the current document: 1) Click Tools, Options, Document Properties, Detailing, Dimensions. 2) Change selections, offset distances, arrows, and so on. 3) Click OK.
To set properties in the Dimension Properties dialog box: 1) Right-click a dimension and select Properties. The Dimension Properties dialog box appears. NOTE: You can select more than on dimension by holding Ctrl while clicking dimensions. Some properties are not available for multiple dimensions. 2) Change units, precision, arrow style, and so on. 3) Click OK.
To set dimension properties in the PropertyManager: 1) In the drawing graphics area, select a dimension. - or - Hold Ctrl to select multiple dimensions. The Dimension PropertyManager appears. 2) Change the dimension tolerance, precision, arrow style, and so on. The changes appear in the graphics area. 3) Click More Properties to open the Dimension Properties dialog box. Click OK
or click in the graphics area to close the
PropertyManager.
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5.3.3.3 AutoDimension a Drawing You can use the Autodimension tool to insert reference dimensions into drawing views as baseline, chain, and ordinate dimensions. You can also use the Autodimension tool in a sketch contained in a drawing view.
To autodimension a drawing: 1) In a drawing document, click Autodimension
on the
Dimensions/Relations toolbar. 2) Set properties in the Autodimension PropertyManager, then click OK .
5.3.3.4 Parallel Dimensions To add parallel dimensions to a drawing: 1) Click Smart Dimension
on the Dimensions/Relations toolbar, or
click Tools, Dimensions, Smart. 2) Click the geometry to dimension. As you move the pointer around the model, a preview of the dimension is displayed. The position of the pointer relative to the attachment points causes the dimension to snap to the appropriate type (horizontal, vertical, linear, radial, and so on). When the preview shows the desired dimension type, you can lock the type by right-clicking.
Figure 5.1: Parallel Dimension
3) Click to place the dimension.
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To override the snap behavior before selecting the points to dimension, select either Horizontal Dimension
or Vertical Dimension
(or
click Tools, Dimensions, Horizontal or Vertical).
5.3.3.5 Reference Dimensions
Reference dimensions show measurements of the model, but they do not drive the model and you cannot change their values. However, when you change the model, the reference dimensions update accordingly.
Reference dimensions are enclosed in parentheses by default. To prevent parentheses around reference dimensions, clear the Add parentheses by default check box in Tools, Options, Document Properties, Dimensions.
You can control the color of reference dimensions in Tools, Options, System Options, Colors. Select Dimensions, Non Imported (Driven) and click Edit.
You can use the same methods to add parallel, horizontal, and vertical reference dimensions to a drawing as you use to dimension sketches. For more information, see Dimensioning in Sketches.
Ordinate Dimensions and Baseline Dimensions are both types of reference dimensions in drawings. Ordinate and baseline dimensions in sketches are driving dimensions.
Reference dimensions are automatically hidden when a feature is suppressed. The dimensions are shown again when the feature is unsuppressed.
To add a reference dimension: 1) Click Smart Dimension
(Dimensions/Relations toolbar) or click
Tools, Dimensions, Smart. 2) In a drawing view, click the items you want to dimension. You can dimension to a silhouette edge. Point to the silhouette edge, and when the pointer appears
, click to dimension.
3) Click to place the dimension.
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5.3.3.6 Baseline Dimensions
Baseline dimensions are reference dimensions used in drawings. You cannot change their values or use the values to drive the model.
Baseline dimensions are automatically grouped, and they are spaced at the distances specified in Tools, Options, Document Properties, Dimensions under Offset distances.
You can also dimension to midpoints when you add baseline dimensions.
To create a baseline dimension: 1) Click Baseline Dimension
on the Dimensions/Relations toolbar,
or click Tools, Dimensions, Baseline. 2) Click the edge or vertex you want to use as a baseline. 3) Click each of the edges or vertices you want to dimension. If you select an edge, dimensions are measured parallel to the selected edge. If you select a vertex, dimensions are measured point-to-point from the selected vertex.
Figure 5.2: Baseline dimensions
5.3.3.7 Chamfer Dimensions You can dimension chamfers in drawings. In addition to the usual dimension display properties, chamfer dimensions have their own options for leader display, text display, and X display. X display is the size of the X in a chamfer dimension with two numbers, such as 1 X 45° (Length X Angle), 45° X 1 (Angle X Length), 1 X 1 (Length X Length) or C1 (chamfers of 45°).
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You can set document default for chamfer dimension leader display, text display, and X display in Tools, Options, Document Properties, Dimensions, Leaders.
To insert chamfer dimensions into a drawing: 1) Click Chamfer Dimension
on the Dimensions/Relations toolbar or
click Tools, Dimensions, Chamfer. The pointer changes to
.
2) Select the chamfered edge, select one of the lead-in edges, then click in the graphics area to place the dimension. You must select the chamfered edge first. However, the dimension does not appear until you subsequently select one of the lead-in edges. The Dimension PropertyManager appears, and the tool remains active for you to dimension other chamfers. 3) Click OK
to close the Dimension PropertyManager.
5.3.3.8 Modify Dimensions You can change a dimension in a part, sketch, assembly, or drawing in the Modify dialog box.
To change a dimension: 1) Double-click a dimension. The Modify dialog box appears. 2) Change the dimension value with the arrows, thumbwheel, or by typing in the dimension box. You can use the dimension box as a calculator by entering values and arithmetic symbols directly. 3) Use the buttons as follows: Save the current value and exit the dialog. Restore the original and exit the dialog. Regenerate the model with the current value. Reset spin increment value
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Mark dimension to be imported into a drawing. Available only in part and assembly documents. When you Insert Model Items into a drawing, you can insert all dimensions or only those marked.
5.3.4
Drawing Views The standard views that generally begin a drawing are: Standard 3 View Model View Relative View Predefined View Empty View
5.3.4.1 Standard 3 View
The Standard 3 View option under Insert, Drawing View creates three related default orthographic views of a part or assembly displayed at the same time. For information on the orientation of the Standard 3 View, see First Angle and Third Angle Projection.
The alignment of the top and side views is fixed in relation to the front view. The top view can be moved vertically, and the side view can be moved horizontally.
The top and side views are linked to the front view. Right-click a top or side view and select Jump to Parent View.
There are several ways to create a Standard 3 View drawing. To create a Standard 3 View when starting a new drawing document: 1) Open a new drawing. 2) In the Model View PropertyManager: •
Under Number of Views, select Multiple views.
•
Under Orientation, click *Front, *Top, and *Right. (You can also select annotation views.)
•
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Creating the Standard 3 View by the standard method: 1) In a drawing, click Standard 3 View
on the Drawing toolbar, or
click Insert, Drawing View, Standard 3 View. 2) The pointer changes to
.
3) Select the model in one of these ways: ¾ Select a model from Open documents in the Standard 3 View PropertyManager or browse to a model file and click OK
.
¾ To add the views of a part, in a part window, click a face, or anywhere in the graphics area, or click the part name in the FeatureManager design tree. ¾ To add the views of an assembly, in an assembly window, click an empty region of the graphics area, or click the assembly name in the FeatureManager design tree. ¾ To add the views of an assembly component, in an assembly window, click a face on the part, or click the name of either an individual part or a sub-assembly in the FeatureManager design tree. ¾ In a drawing window, click a view that contains the desired part or assembly, either in the FeatureManager design tree or in the graphics area.
Creating the Standard 3 View by the drag-and-drop method: The default view created when you drag and drop a part or assembly into a drawing is the Standard 3 View. 1) Open a new drawing window. 2) Drag a part or assembly document from the File Explorer, and drop it into the drawing window, - or Drag the name from the top of the FeatureManager tree of an open part or assembly document, and drop it into the drawing window. The views are added to the drawing. If you use this method to insert a part or assembly that contains annotation views, the Model View PropertyManager opens, and a preview of one view appears in the graphics area. In the PropertyManager, under Orientation, select additional drawing views to insert, then click
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5.3.4.2 Model View The Model View PropertyManager appears when you create a new drawing, or when you insert a model view into a drawing document. You select an orientation for the view from the view names in the model document: ¾ Standard views (Front, Top, Isometric, and so on) ¾ Annotation views ¾ Current Model View (available only for open models and only until you place the view) ¾ Custom views that you created by zooming and rotating the model, enabling Perspective
if desired, then saving the view
by name. The entire model is displayed, even if the selected view orientation displays a partial, zoomed-in view.
To insert a model view into a drawing: 1) Click Model View
on the Drawing toolbar, or click Insert, Drawing
View, Model. 2) Set options in the Model View PropertyManager. If you click Standard 3 View ,
the PropertyManager changes to
Standard 3 View, and the list of open documents is available. Select a model and click OK 3) Click Next
to insert a Standard 3 View.
.
You can also click Standard 3 View
at this point, to insert a
Standard 3 View of the selected model. 4) Set additional options in the Model View PropertyManager. When you place the model view, if you selected an orthogonal view orientation, the Projected View PropertyManager appears. You can place any number of projected views for any orthogonal view in the drawing. 5) Click OK
.
To change the orientation of a model view: 1) Select a model view. 2) In the PropertyManager, under Orientation, select a different orientation.
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5.3.4.3 Relative to Model View A Relative to Model View is an orthographic view defined by two orthogonal faces or planes in the model and the specification of their respective orientations.
To insert a relative view: 1) Click Relative View
on the Drawing toolbar, or click Insert,
Drawing View, Relative To Model. The pointer changes to
.
2) Switch to a model that is open in another window, or right-click in the graphics area and select Insert From File to open a model. 3) Under Orientation, First in the PropertyManager, select an orientation (Front, Top, Left, and so on), and select the face or plane for that orientation in the drawing view. 4) Under Second orientation, select another orientation, orthogonal to the first, and select another face or plane for that orientation in the drawing view. 5) Click OK
and return to the drawing document. The pointer
changes to
.
6) In the PropertyManager, select properties then click in the graphics area to place the view. 7) Click OK
.
If the angle of the face in the model changes, the views update to maintain the orientation as originally specified.
5.3.5
Bill of Materials You can insert Bills of Materials into drawings. The table-based Bill of Materials is based on SolidWorks tables and includes: ¾ Templates ¾ Anchors ¾ Quantities for configurations ¾ Whether to keep items that have been deleted from the assembly ¾ Zero quantity display ¾ Excluding assembly components ¾ Following assembly order ¾ Item number control
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You can specify a starting Item Number, then set the Increment value by which the item numbers will increase. You can change the text in any cell by double-clicking and editing on screen (the pointer changes to
when you hover over text), but if you
edit data generated by SolidWorks (Item Number, Quantity, and so on), you break the link between the data and the Bill of Materials.
To set options for a Bill of Materials in the active document: 1) Click Tools, Options, Document Properties, Tables. 2) Set options under Bill of Materials Table, then click OK.
To insert a Bill of Materials into a drawing document: 1) Click Bill of Materials
(Table toolbar), or Insert, Tables, Bill of
Materials. 2) Select a drawing view to specify the model. 3) Set the properties in the Bill of Materials PropertyManager, then click OK
.
4) If you did not select Attach to anchor, click in the graphics area to place the table.
To exclude assembly components from Bills of Materials: 1) In the assembly document, right-click the component and select Component Properties. 2) In the Component Properties dialog box, select Exclude from bill of materials, then click OK.
5.3.5.1 Bill of Materials – Rows To change row heights, you can: ¾ Drag a row divider when the pointer changes to
.
- or ¾ Right-click a row and select Formatting, Row Height. Type a value, then click OK.
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5.3.5.2 Bill of Material – Column Specify the columns to be included in a Bill of Materials and their position in the table. ¾ To add a new column to the table, right-click in a table column and select Insert, Column Right or Column Left. You cannot add columns from within the PropertyManager. ¾ To hide a column, use the Bill of Materials Properties dialog box. You can access this dialog box by clicking BOM Contents in most BOM PropertyManagers. ¾ To change column widths, you can: •
Drag a column divider when the pointer changes to
.
or •
Right-click a column and select Formatting, Column Width or Entire Table. Type a value, then click OK.
To access the Column PropertyManager, click at the head of a column when the pointer changes to
or click Column Properties in the Bill of
Materials, Table, Row, or Cell PropertyManager.
Column Properties For the selected column, choose one of the following column types, listed with its header title. You can edit the header in the Title box below. ¾ Item Number. ITEM NO. Sequential numbers based on the component order in the assembly FeatureManager design tree. ¾ Part Number. PART NUMBER. Data type specified in Configuration Properties. You can choose Document Name, Configuration Name, or User Specified Name under Part number displayed when used in bill of materials. ¾ Quantity. /QTY. Quantities of components, with a column for each configuration. If the table contains only one configuration, the heading is QTY. ¾ Custom Property. Select a document property. ¾ Equation. Allows you to enter equations and formulas. Supported equations include arithmetic operations and IF functions.
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Use Title Summary. In Part Number, use the data in the Title field of File, Properties, Summary Information in the part documents rather than the data specified in the Configuration Properties.
Title. Edit the text of the column header.
Equation Editor. When Equation is selected, the Equation Editor opens the Equation dialog box for you to enter an equation or formula.
Column position. Click Move Column Left
or Move Column Right to
move the selected column.
5.3.5.3 Bill of Materials – Contents In this display of the Bill of Materials contents, you can move rows up or down, group and ungroup rows, hide or show columns, and expand or collapse sub-assemblies in indented BOMs.
To edit Bill of Materials Contents: 1) In the Bill of Materials, Column, Cell Properties, or Table PropertyManager, click BOM Contents. 2) Edit properties as described below, then click Apply. 3) Click OK.
Expand/collapse sub-assembly collapse
. Click the icon to expand
or
the sub-assembly in the BOM.
Show ballooned states
. The icon
shows whether the
component has a balloon or not.
Toggle row visibility
. Click the icon to hide
or show
the row. A gray background indicates that the component is hidden in the Bill of Materials.
Row up
or Row down
. Select a row and click to move the
row up or down.
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5.3.6
Center Mark and Center Line You can place center mark on circles or arcs in drawings. The center mark lines can be used as references for dimensioning. Some items to note about center mark are as follows: ¾ The axis of the circle or arc must be normal to the drawing sheet. ¾ Center marks are available as single marks, in linear patterns, or in circular patterns. Linear patterns can include connection lines. Circular patterns can include circular lines, radial lines, and base center marks. Display attributes include mark size, extended lines, and specifying the centerline font for the center mark lines. ¾ You can set an option so that center marks are inserted automatically in new drawing views for holes or fillets. ¾ Center marks propagate or insert automatically into patterns if the pattern is created from a feature and not a face or body. ¾ You can rotate center marks individually, specifying the rotation in degrees. In the Rotate Drawing View dialog box, you can choose to have center marks rotate automatically when the view is rotated. ¾ Center marks in Auxiliary Views are oriented to the viewing direction such that one of the lines of the center mark is parallel to the view arrow direction.
5.3.6.1 Center Mark PropertyManager You can control the following properties for center marks in the Center Mark PropertyManager. The properties available vary depending on the type of center mark selected. Options Single Center Mark. Insert a center mark into a single circle or arc. You can change the Display Attributes and rotation Angle of the center mark. Linear Center Mark. Insert center marks into a linear pattern of circles or arcs. You can select Connection lines and Display Attributes for linear patterns. Circular Center Mark. Insert center marks into a circular pattern of circles or arcs. You can select Circular lines, Radial lines, Base center mark, and Display Attributes for circular patterns.
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Display Attributes Clear Use document defaults to change the following attributes set in Tools, Options, Document Properties, Detailing: ¾ Mark size. Enter a value. ¾ Extended lines. Display extended axis lines, with a gap between the center mark and the extended lines. ¾ Centerline font. Display the center mark lines in the centerline font.
Figure 5.3: Example of Center Mark
5.3.7
Annotation and Sectioning Annotations behave like dimensions in each type of SolidWorks document. You can add annotations in a part or assembly document, then insert them into drawings using annotation views or the Model Items PropertyManager, or you can create annotations in the drawing.
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For information on inserting annotations from models into drawings, see Inserting Model Items into Drawings.
Use the Design Library to see previews of saved annotations. You can also drag-and-drop annotations to and from the Design Library, or rightclick an annotation and select Add to Library. DXF/DWG files are supported in the Design Library, but previews are available for DWG files only.
You can select annotations tools either from the Insert menu or from the Annotation toolbar. The Align tools are available for aligning annotations.
You can change the arrowhead style on annotations by right-clicking the arrow to access a menu of styles.
When you select an annotation, the geometry to which the annotation is attached is highlighted. You can select annotations by clicking any portion of them, including leaders and arrows.
For some annotations, you can create multiple annotations without closing the dialog box or PropertyManager. See Multiple Annotations.
You can hide annotations and then show them again. For drawings, see Hide/Show Annotations. For parts and assemblies, click View, All Annotations to toggle the display.
5.3.7.1 Inserting Annotation into Drawings You can add all types of annotations to a drawing document. You can add most types in a part or assembly document, then insert them into a drawing document. However, there are some types, such as Center Marks and Area Hatch that you can add only in a drawing document.
Annotations behave like dimensions in all types of SolidWorks documents. You can add dimensions in a part or assembly document, then insert the dimensions into the drawing, or you can create dimensions in the drawing.
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Unit 5 – Detail Drawing
You can insert annotations into drawings by any of the following methods: ¾ Using annotation views ¾ Inserting model items ¾ Creating annotations in the drawing
5.3.7.2 Annotation Options Overview You can set options for annotations in various places. ¾ Annotations Display Options. Applies options to all annotations in the current document. ¾ Annotation Properties. Contains the same criteria as Annotations Display Options. ¾ Annotations Font Options. Sets separate fonts for various types of annotations (Note, Dimension, and so on). ¾ Annotation Colors. Specifies colors for imported and nonimported annotations. The following annotations have their own options: ¾ Area Hatch/Fill. Sets the pattern, scale, and angle for area hatches or fills. ¾ DimXpert. Sets options for chamfers, slots, and fillets for use with the DimXpert tool. ¾ Dimensions. Sets the arrows, text alignment, and so on for dimensions. ¾ Notes. Sets the alignment, leaders, and borders for notes. ¾ Balloons. Sets the balloon style, size, text category, and leaders, and auto balloon layout. ¾ Arrows. Sets the size and style of arrows. ¾ Virtual Sharps. Specifies the display of virtual sharps. ¾ Tables. Specifies the properties of hole, revision, and bill of materials tables. ¾ View Labels. Sets the text and display of drawing view labels. ¾ Sheet Metal. Sets options for flat pattern colors and bend notes. Some annotations also have PropertyManagers or Properties dialog boxes for applying changes to individual annotations or a group of annotations. To access a PropertyManager, select the annotation. To
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SolidWorks Module
Unit 5 – Detail Drawing
access a Properties dialog box, right-click the annotation (or hold down Ctrl while selecting a group of annotations, then right-click one annotation) and select Properties.
5.4
ACTIVITIES Assignment/Exercise ¾ The exercise for this unit will use the previous exercises of Parts and Assemblies components. ¾ By using the components, insert the components selected into the Drawing in order to achieve the final stage of engineering drawing using SolidWorks mechanical design automation software.
5.5
REFERENCES
1.
SolidWorks Corporation, (1995 – 2006), Solidworks Office Premium: Solidworks Drawing, Solidworks Corporation.
2.
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SolidWorks 2007 Online User’s Guide – Drawings, Detailing.
SolidWorks Module
