solar questions

1. Before answering numerical exercises... REMEMBER: 1) Note the units in which you have to introduce your answer. They are always given in the exercise formulation. 2) You don´t have to insert the units in the answer box. Just the number. 3) If you want to put decimals, use the period "." symbol. 4) Some of the answers involve powers of 10. For example, one exercise may ask you for the photon flux in 1021m−2s−1. If you answer is, for example,

4.5∗1021m−2s−1, you will just need to insert in the answer box "4.5". If, on the other hand, your answer is 4.5∗1020m−2s−1, you will need to insert "0.45". For this assignment, you may have to apply some of the useful constants and/or formulas provided here: Download the Constants and Formulas

2. 1.1 (3 points possible) We are going to build a PV system on a roof of

10m2, and we have two

possible PV modules: (1) A first generation module with efficiency

η=17% and cost of 0.80€/Wp. (2) A second generation PV module with efficiency η=10% and cost of 0.40€/Wp. The non-modular costs are 100€/m2. Assume that the rooftop enjoys an irradiance of 1000W/m2. What is the cost in € of implementing a PV system for the entire roof using first generation technologies?

What is the cost in € of implementing a PV system for the entire roof using second generation technologies?

If the power demand is

700Wp, which will be the most cost effective option?

(Note that for meeting the power demand, you may not need the whole roof area.) First generation technologies

Second generation technologies

options have the same cost

DelftX: ET3034TUx Solar Energy

1. Dashboard for: muhammadshafiq69 2. MORE OPTIONS DROPDOWN ▾ Help 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Courseware, current location Course Info Discussion Progress Syllabus Lectures Updates Week 1: Introduction



1.1 General introduction to the course and the edX platform



Both

Pre-questionnaire



1.2 Energy Conversion



1.3 Photovoltaics



1.4 History of Solar Energy



1.5 Status and prospects of PV Technology



1.6 Solar Light

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Assignment , current section Homework due Oct 07, 2013 at 11:30 UTC

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1. Before answering numerical exercises... REMEMBER: 1) Note the units in which you have to introduce your answer. They are always given in the exercise formulation. 2) You don´t have to insert the units in the answer box. Just the number. 3) If you want to put decimals, use the period "." symbol. 4) Some of the answers involve powers of 10. For example, one exercise may ask you for the photon flux in 1021m−2s−1. If you answer is, for example,

4.5∗1021m−2s−1, you will just need to insert in the answer box "4.5". If, on the other hand, your answer is 4.5∗1020m−2s−1, you will need to insert "0.45". For this assignment, you may have to apply some of the useful constants and/or formulas provided here: Download the Constants and Formulas

2. 1.1 (1/3 points)

We are going to build a PV system on a roof of possible PV modules: (1) A first generation module with efficiency

10m2, and we have two

η=17% and cost of 0.80€/Wp.

(2) A second generation PV module with efficiency η=10% and cost of 0.40€/Wp. The non-modular costs are 100€/m2. Assume that the rooftop enjoys an irradiance of 1000W/m2. What is the cost in € of implementing a PV system for the entire roof using first generation technologies? 470

470

2360 EXPLANATION

Irradiance = PV Area =

1000W/m2

10m2

.

.

Module efficiency

η=17%

Total PV output =

1000W/m2×17%×10m2=1700W

PV module costs =

1700W×€0.8/Wp=€1360.

Non modular costs = €100/m2×10m2=€1000 . Total cost = PV module costs + Non modular costs = €2360 . What is the cost in € of implementing a PV system for the entire roof using second generation technologies? 400

400

1400 EXPLANATION

Irradiance = PV Area =

1000W/m2

10m2

.

.

Module efficiency

η=10%

Total PV output =

1000W/m2×10%×10m2=1000W

PV module costs =

1000W×€0.4/Wp=€400.

Non modular costs = €100/m2×10m2=€1000 . Total cost = PV module costs + Non modular costs = €1400 . If the power demand is

700Wp, which will be the most cost effective option?

(Note that for meeting the power demand, you may not need the whole roof area.) First generation technologies Status: correct

Second generation technologies

Both options have the same cost EXPLANATION

Power demand =

700W

PV costs incurred under first generation technology:

PVC1=700W×€0.8/Wp=€560

EXPLANATION

The capacity factor describes the percentage of time that the power installation is running at rated capacity over a certain period of time. For example, a capacity of factor 50% means that the power plant will produce half the energy at rated capacity over a certain period. Therefore, the energy produced by the wind power per day will be:

E=280GW∗24h∗0.3=2016GWh/day The percentage would be then:

Wind(%)=2016GWh∗365days/year20200TWh/year∗100=3.6% The same question for solar energy. The world-wide installed solar power in 2012 was 102GW. Assume the same total electricity generation world-wide that was given in the previous question. Assume a capacity factor for solar power of 15%. What percentage of the total electricity generation worldwide was covered by solar energy in 2012?

0.66 EXPLANATION

The capacity factor describes the percentage of time that the power installation is running at rated capacity over a certain period of time. For example, a capacity of factor 50% means that the power plant will

produce half the energy at rated capacity over a certain period. Therefore, the energy produced by the solar power per day will be:

E=102GW∗24h∗0.15=367.2GWh/day The percentage would be then:

Solar(%)=367.2GWh∗365days/year20200TWh/year∗100=0.66% Hide Answer(s)(for question(s) above - adjacent to each field) PV costs incurred under second generation technology:

PVC2=700W×€0.4/Wp=€280 PV area required under first generation technology:

A1=700W1000W/m2×17%=4.12m2 PV area required under second generation technology:

A2=700W1000W/m2×10%=7m2 Non modular costs under first generation technology:

NMC1=€100/m2×A1=€412. Non modular costs under second generation technology:

NMC2=€100/m2×A2=€700.

Total costs under first generation technology:

TC1=NMC1+PVC1=€972 Total costs under second generation technology:

TC2=NMC2+PVC2=€980 Thus, for the given set of conditions, first generation technology is more cost effective.

An interesting aside:

Note: This aside only gives a further insidght into the given problem and is not required to answer the above question. However, students are encouraged to digress a bit to understand the impact of non modular costs on the system's cost effectiveness.

In the given example, the cost difference between the two technologies is quite small. For the given technology costs ( €0.8/Wp and €0.4/Wp ), efficiencies and the power demanded, the cost effectiveness of the systems laregely depends on the non modular costs per unit area of the system. To illustrate this effect, a graph has been drawn below which shows the total costs as a function of the Non Modular costs.

As seen from this graph, below €97/m2 , the second generation technology based system is cheaper. In the given problem, as the non modular cost per area is €100/m2 the first generation technology based system is more cost effective.

Hide Answer(s)(for question(s) above - adjacent to each field) You have used 1 of 1 submissions  

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DelftX: ET3034TUx Solar Energy

1. Dashboard for: muhammadshafiq69 2. MORE OPTIONS DROPDOWN ▾ Help 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Courseware, current location Course Info Discussion Progress Syllabus Lectures Updates Week 1: Introduction



1.1 General introduction to the course and the edX platform



Pre-questionnaire



1.2 Energy Conversion



1.3 Photovoltaics



1.4 History of Solar Energy



1.5 Status and prospects of PV Technology



1.6 Solar Light



Assignment , current section Homework due Oct 07, 2013 at 11:30 UTC



Previous

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3.

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1. 1.3 (1 point possible)

The figure below shows a simplication of the

AM1.5 solar spectrum. The

spectral power density is divided in two spectral ranges:

P(λ)=1∗109Wm−2m−1 for 250nm