Socialism

SOCIALISM

SOCIALISM In the the pa past st 150 ye years ars th there ere ha hav ve be been en in innu nume merab rable le di diff fferi ering  ng  socialist programs. For this reason socialist as a doctrine is ill defined, although its main purpose, the establishment of cooperation in place of  competition remains fixed. An ideo ideolo logy gy ar argu guin ing g th that at ci citi tize zens ns ar are e be best st se serv rved ed by po poli lici cies es focused on meeting the basic needs of the entire society rather than on serving ser ving the needs of individuals as individuals

FEATURES 

State

ownership of means of production ownership



Central economic planning 



Social



Equality of opportunity



Classless society



Absence of competition

welfare

MERITS 

Social

justice



Economic stability



Rational allocation of resources



Higher economic gro growth wth



Absence of class struggle

DEMERITS 

Concentration of economic power in state



Lack of incentive and initiative



Loss of consumer sovereignty



Loss of occupational freedom



Inefficiency and low productivity



Corruption

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Industrial Revolution threw thousands of handcrafts workers into labor market Cro Cr owd wded ed sl slum ums s were es esta tabl bliish shed ed ar arou oun nd fac acttor orie ies; s; Cr Crim ime, e, disease, hunger and miser y were a way of life; No compensations were given for industrial accidents; Rights for wage owners did not exist and Unions were illegal

TYPES 

Utopian Socialism



Communism



State Socialism



Revisioninsm



Christian Socialism



Fabian Socialism



Anarchism



Syndicalism



Marxian Socialism



Guild Socialism

UTOPIAN SOCIALISM

1800 Henri de Saint-Simon Charles Fourier Robert Owens The competitive competitive market economy is unjust and irrational Universal togetherness togetherness rather than class struggle

STATE SOCIALISM Louis Blanc Otto von Bismark Government Ownership and operation of all or specific sectors of the economy Social

insurance against unemployment, sickness and old age

Purpose was to achieve overall social objectives and not just profit The state is an impartial power that could be influenced to favor the working class Aims at increasing increa sing the loyalty of the workers to to the state sta te

CHRISTIAN SOCIALISM 1848 ² England and Germany Charles Kingsley ² English After the defeat of radical movements Workers turned to religion to ease their pain and for hope Bible ² Manual of the leaders, employers employers and a nd employees employees Property used for the benefit of ev everyone eryone Advocated Sanitary reform, education factory legislation and cooperatives.

ANARCHISM Pierre Joseph Proudhon Human nature is essentially good if not corrupted cor rupted All forms of government should be abolished ocie iety ty·s ·s Soc

orderr sh orde shou oulld ar aris ise e ou outt of se self lf-g -go over erni ning ng gr grou oups ps through voluntary or associate effort

Private proper property ty should be owned by cooperating groups Associations of producers control agriculture, industry, artistic production, etc. Association of consumers coordinate housing, lighting, health, food, sanitation, etc.

MARXIAN SOCIALISM Karl Marx Friedrich Engels E ngels Scientific Socialism

- based on the labor theory of value and theoryy of exploitation of workers by theor by the capitalists

The Th e wor orki kin ng cl clas ass s wil illl es esta tabl blis ish h it its s own di dict ctat ator orsh ship ip of th the e proletariat Private proper property ty in consumer goods is permitted Capital and land owned by central government Production and rate of investment is planned

COMMUNISM The stage of society that eventually supersedes socialism From each according to his ability, to each according to his need Abundance of goods relative to wants Compensation not based on work performed Workers establish a proletarian dictatorship and organise a soviet government Promote greater freedom of expression along with an increasing  democracy

REVISIONINSM Eduard Bernstien ² Germany Gas and Water Socialism Opposite to to Marxian Marx ian - Relies on democracy and not dictatorship Pins Pi ns ho hope pe on ed educ ucat atio ion, n, el elec ecti tion onee eerin ring g an and d ga gain inin ing g co cont ntro roll of  government gov ernment through the ballot Government regulates monopolies, controls the factories working  conditions, takes over public utilities and extends its ownership of capital

FABIAN SOCIALISM Sydney

and Beatrice Webb

British counterpart to Revisionism Revisionism The middle class were directly involved in cooperative movements, trade unions and the entire British political apparatus Higher labor income was the core concept upports ts Suppor

monopoly - less room leads to better worker treatment

SYNDICALISM George Sorel Abolition of private property and extinction of political government Need for One Big Union - Re Revolutionary volutionary strikes One big strike will overthrow capitalism and the government will eventually ev entually disappear

GUILD SOCIALISM G.D.H. Cole tatte Sta

was a ne nece cess ssary ary in inst stit itut utio ion n for th the e ge gene nera rall in intter eres estt of  citizens

Industries was to be managed by employees Government was community

to

determine

economic

policies

for

t he

Every worker would be a partner Nat atio ion n to be di div vid ide ed int nto o pr prod odu uce cers rs(G (Gui uild ld As Asso soci ciat atiion on)) an and d consumers(Government)

BENEFITS Utop Ut opiian an,, Ch Chri rist stia ian n and Gu Guiild Soc ociial alis ists ts cl clai aim med to be bene nefi fitt ever ev eryone·s yone·s interest Needs and interest of : Work Workers ers by inspiring reforms, Employers Employers by diver diverting ting from organised unions and Political Political parties par ties Marxist, Anarchists and Syndicalists Class warfare against the rich for the interest of the working  class

THANK YOU