Social Science 3 r
Short Description
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Description
PRIMARY
Social Science TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
PRIMARY
Social Science TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK
TEACHER’S RESOURCE BOOK Social Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence Ruiz.
PRIMARY
Social Science WRITER Cristina Quincy MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle EDITOR James Price PROOFREADING Saffron Frankland Vassilia Katte Beatriz García Hipólito
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Natural Science 2
1
Contents Nombre
Fecha
Introduction ...................................................................................................... III
Worksheets Planet Earth ........................................................................................................ 6 Representing the Earth ....................................................................................... 14 The continents .................................................................................................... 22 The continent of Europe ..................................................................................... 30 Spanish territory ................................................................................................. 38 Air ...................................................................................................................... 46 Water ................................................................................................................. 54 Landscapes ........................................................................................................ 62 The landscapes of Spain .................................................................................... 70 Rivers in Spain .................................................................................................... 78 Villages and towns .............................................................................................. 86 Jobs in nature ..................................................................................................... 94 Jobs in industry and services .............................................................................. 102 The past ............................................................................................................. 110 Prehistory to the Middle Ages ............................................................................. 118 The Modern Age and Contemporary History ....................................................... 126
Introduction
Social Science 3 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a wide variety of photocopiable worksheets designed to complement Social Science 3 Student’s Book and Social Science 3 Teacher’s Book. It is divided into 16 topics in order to cover the main concepts of both the National Curriculum and the curriculum established by the Community of Madrid. These worksheets facilitate a flexible approach in the classroom. Students in the same class can be given different worksheets. Students can expand on the material learnt in class. Or they can use the worksheets to revise. These worksheets can also be assigned as homework. There are four categories of worksheets: Reinforcement, Extension, Assessment and tests, and Investigate. Answer keys are provided in the Aula Virtual and on the website: http://www.evocacion.es
Worksheets Reinforcement worksheets There are two pages of Reinforcement worksheets for each topic. These worksheets are designed to provide additional support for students in need of further practice. They can be used after the relevant section in the Student’s Book, before the Final activities sections, or as extra preparation for the Unit assessment. Students can complete the worksheets with or without consulting their Student’s Books, in the classroom or at home, individually or in pairs. Planet Earth
REINFORCEMENT
Name 1
REINFORCEMENT
Date
5
Label the inner planets in blue and the outer planets in red.
Colour the half of the Earth where it is day in yellow, and the half where it is night in grey. • Which of Earth’s movements causes day and night?
6
Sun
Complete the text.
The Earth’s r
causes day and night. During this movement, . It takes the Earth
the Earth rotates anticlockwise on its a 24 h 2
a. What is the Sun? b. When does a comet have a bright tail?
d. What is the difference between a planet and a satellite?
to make a complete o
r
causes the four s
7
Draw the phases of the Moon.
new Moon
4
y
waxing Moon
full Moon
waning Moon
8
Match to make sentences about the Earth. a. We call Earth the ‘blue planet’
gives it the correct amount of light and heat for life to exist.
b. Earth’s atmosphere
because most of its surface is covered with water.
c. Earth’s distance from the Sun
protects it from the Sun’s harmful rays.
Read and write the correct layer of the Earth.
a. The Moon is a natural / artificial satellite of Earth.
he solid part of the Earth. It contains the T continents and islands.
he liquid part of our planet. It contains the T seas, oceans, rivers, lakes and groundwater.
he layer of air that surrounds the Earth. It T contains the clouds.
b.
b. The Moon orbits the Sun / Earth. c. It takes the Moon 28 / 365 days to make one complete orbit around the Earth. Social Science 3
a.
Circle the correct word in each sentence.
6
. This : spring, summer, autumn
and winter.
c. What is the name of Earth’s natural satellite?
3
. It takes the Earth one
Earth revolves around the S
Answer the questions.
to make one complete rotation.
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c.
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Extension worksheets There are two pages of Extension worksheets for each topic. These worksheets can be used for fast finishers or to expand on the material covered in class.
Planet Earth Name
Planet Earth
EXTENSION
Date
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The space age
Laika the space dog
The space age began in 1946 when scientists used rockets to study the atmosphere. It wasn’t until 1957, however, that the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. Its name was Sputnik 1.
At first, many experts believed that humans could not survive a rocket launch, and could never live in the hostile conditions of outer space. Before human astronauts could fly, scientists needed to discover how outer space affected living things. So, they trained a dog named Laika as an astronaut. One month after Sputnik 1 went into space, Laika travelled to space on the satellite Sputnik 2. The Soviets sent 12 more dogs after Laika. Finally, in 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human astronaut in space. Since then, more than 500 people from all over the world have been into space... all thanks to just one little dog!
Nowadays we have over 500,000 man-made objects orbiting our planet! Most of these objects are very small pieces of space debris. These are man-made objects and rubbish left in space from nearly 60 years of space exploration. Among these objects, there are over 1,000 working satellites that we use for different things, such as predicting the weather, tracking hurricanes, photographing our galaxy, communicating by TV and telephone and navigating with GPS.
1
Read the text. Then put the events from the text in order on the timeline. Sputnik 1 – 12 dog astronauts – Yuri Gagarin – Laika (Sputnik 2)
1
Read the text and answer the questions.
over 500 astronauts in space
The space age starts
a. When did the space age begin? b. What was the name of the first artificial satellite? 1946
c. What is space debris?
1957
1961
d. Give an example of one way people use satellites every day. 2
2
Imagine you are an astronaut in outer space. Draw what you see out of the window and complete the sentence. I can see
Search the Internet for satellite images of the Earth. Then, write what you can see in the images.
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Assessment worksheets There are two pages of Assessment worksheets for each topic. They can be given out once the topic has been completed, as a revision test, or to check progress during the year. Planet Earth
ASSESSMENT
Name 1
Date
ASSESSMENT
5
Name the celestial bodies.
Write definitions for these words.
▶
c. planet
▶
d. satellite
▶
6
10
1 4
8
5
9 2
2
3
a. solar system ▶ b. star
7
Complete the table. Planets Inner planets
Outer planets
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
3
Write three characteristics that make the Earth unique.
4
Label the layers of the Earth.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
6
Label the phases of the Moon.
7
Draw the Earth’s movement that causes the seasons.
hydrosphere geosphere
• What is this movement called?
atmosphere
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Tests and Investigate There is a multiple-choice test for each topic. The tests provide students with the opportunity to revise the main concepts of each topic and to assess the knowledge they have acquired. There is one Investigate worksheet for each topic. These worksheets provide opportunities for students to carry out simple investigative tasks, either in the classroom or at home.
Planet Earth
1
Planet Earth
TEST
Name
Date
1
The solar system is made up of… a. the Moon and the celestial bodies that orbit it.
2. Choose one planet and complete the index card for your planet.
Earth’s only natural satellite is… a. the Sun.
b. Venus.
Make a class wallchart of our solar system.
1. Work in eight groups.
c. the Sun and the celestial bodies that orbit it.
3
Date
Instructions
b. the stars and eight planets.
2
INVESTIGATE
Name
Name:
c. the Moon.
• It is an:
Earth’s rotation causes…
inner planet.
a. the seasons.
outer planet.
(draw a picture)
• How many satellites has it got?
b. the phases of the Moon. c. day and night. 4
Earth’s movement around the Sun is called… a. revolution.
5
a. rotation. 6
b. 365 days
c. revolution. • It is made up of: rock.
c. 28 days
b. it is a planet.
gas.
• What other special characteristics has it got?
c. it has no oxygen.
The Earth is surrounded by… a. the poles.
9
b. orbit.
One of the reasons that there is life on Earth is because… a. it has water.
8
• What are its movements?
c. rotation.
The Moon takes ... to orbit the Earth. a. one day
7
b. seasons.
Earth takes 24 hours to make one complete…
b. a layer of air.
3. Hang a large piece of paper on the classroom wall. Draw the Sun on the left side and glue your index cards next to it in the correct order.
c. the geosphere.
Our Earth consists of three layers: a. hydrosphere, geosphere and atmosphere. b. Antarctica, geosphere and continents. c. atmosphere, oceans and continents.
10 Clouds form in the…
a. geosphere. 12
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b. oceans.
c. atmosphere. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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V
Planet Earth
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Label the inner planets in blue and the outer planets in red.
2 Answer the questions.
a. What is the Sun? b. When does a comet have a bright tail? c. What is the name of Earth’s natural satellite? d. What is the difference between a planet and a satellite?
3 Draw the phases of the Moon.
new Moon
waxing Moon
full Moon
waning Moon
4 Circle the correct word in each sentence.
a. The Moon is a natural / artificial satellite of Earth. b. The Moon orbits the Sun / Earth. c. It takes the Moon 28 / 365 days to make one complete orbit around the Earth. 6
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REINFORCEMENT
5 Colour the half of the Earth where it is day in yellow, and the half where it is night in grey.
• Which of Earth’s movements causes day and night?
Sun
6 Complete the text.
The Earth’s r
causes day and night. During this movement,
the Earth rotates anticlockwise on its a 24 h
. It takes the Earth
to make one complete rotation.
Earth revolves around the S
. It takes the Earth one
y
to make a complete o
r
causes the four s
. This : spring, summer, autumn
and winter. 7 Match to make sentences about the Earth.
a. We call Earth the ‘blue planet’ gives it the correct amount of light and heat for life to exist. b. Earth’s atmosphere because most of its surface is covered with water. c. Earth’s distance from the Sun
protects it from the Sun’s harmful rays.
8 Read and write the correct layer of the Earth.
a.
The solid part of the Earth. It contains the continents and islands.
b.
The liquid part of our planet. It contains the seas, oceans, rivers, lakes and groundwater.
c.
The layer of air that surrounds the Earth. It contains the clouds.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Planet Earth Name
EXTENSION
Date
The space age The space age began in 1946 when scientists used rockets to study the atmosphere. It wasn’t until 1957, however, that the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. Its name was Sputnik 1. Nowadays we have over 500,000 man-made objects orbiting our planet! Most of these objects are very small pieces of space debris. These are man-made objects and rubbish left in space from nearly 60 years of space exploration. Among these objects, there are over 1,000 working satellites that we use for different things, such as predicting the weather, tracking hurricanes, photographing our galaxy, communicating by TV and telephone and navigating with GPS.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. When did the space age begin? b. What was the name of the first artificial satellite? c. What is space debris? d. Give an example of one way people use satellites every day.
2 Search the Internet for satellite images of the Earth. Then, write what you can see in the images.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Planet Earth
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Laika the space dog At first, many experts believed that humans could not survive a rocket launch, and could never live in the hostile conditions of outer space. Before human astronauts could fly, scientists needed to discover how outer space affected living things. So, they trained a dog named Laika as an astronaut. One month after Sputnik 1 went into space, Laika travelled to space on the satellite Sputnik 2. The Soviets sent 12 more dogs after Laika. Finally, in 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first human astronaut in space. Since then, more than 500 people from all over the world have been into space... all thanks to just one little dog!
1 Read the text. Then put the events from the text in order on the timeline.
Sputnik 1 – 12 dog astronauts – Yuri Gagarin – Laika (Sputnik 2) over 500 astronauts in space
The space age starts
1946
1957 1961
2 Imagine you are an astronaut in outer space. Draw what you see out of the window and complete the sentence.
I can see . Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Planet Earth
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write definitions for these words.
a. solar system ▶ b. star
▶
c. planet
▶
d. satellite
▶
2 Complete the table.
Planets Inner planets
Outer planets
3 Write three characteristics that make the Earth unique.
4 Label the layers of the Earth.
hydrosphere geosphere atmosphere
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
5 Name the celestial bodies.
2
3 6
10
1 4
8
5
9
7 1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
6 Label the phases of the Moon.
7 Draw the Earth’s movement that causes the seasons.
• What is this movement called?
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Social Science 3
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Planet Earth
TEST
Name
Date
1 The solar system is made up of…
a. the Moon and the celestial bodies that orbit it. b. the stars and eight planets. c. the Sun and the celestial bodies that orbit it. 2 Earth’s only natural satellite is…
a. the Sun.
b. Venus.
c. the Moon.
3 Earth’s rotation causes…
a. the seasons. b. the phases of the Moon. c. day and night. 4 Earth’s movement around the Sun is called…
a. revolution.
b. seasons.
c. rotation.
5 Earth takes 24 hours to make one complete…
a. rotation.
b. orbit.
c. revolution.
6 The Moon takes ... to orbit the Earth.
a. one day
b. 365 days
c. 28 days
7 One of the reasons that there is life on Earth is because…
a. it has water.
b. it is a planet.
c. it has no oxygen.
8 The Earth is surrounded by…
a. the poles.
b. a layer of air.
c. the geosphere.
9 Our Earth consists of three layers:
a. hydrosphere, geosphere and atmosphere. b. Antarctica, geosphere and continents. c. atmosphere, oceans and continents. 10 Clouds form in the…
a. geosphere. 12
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b. oceans.
c. atmosphere. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Planet Earth
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Make a class wallchart of our solar system.
Instructions 1. Work in eight groups. 2. Choose one planet and complete the index card for your planet. Name: • It is an: inner planet.
outer planet.
(draw a picture)
• How many satellites has it got? • What are its movements? • It is made up of: rock.
gas.
• What other special characteristics has it got? 3. Hang a large piece of paper on the classroom wall. Draw the Sun on the left side and glue your index cards next to it in the correct order.
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Representing the Earth
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Label the parts of the globe.
North Pole South Pole axis Equator
2 Number the parts of the map.
N W
E S
Tropic of Cancer
2. key
Equator
3. compass rose
Greenwich Meridian
Tropic of Capricorn
1. labels
Scale 0
4. scale
2,700
kilometres
PRECIPITATION (in mm) More than 3,000
From 500 to1,000
From 1,000 to 3,000
From 250 to 500
Less than 250
649249 U01 p08 elementos del mapa 3 Compare the two ways of representing Earth in activities 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
a. Which representation shows the Earth’s surface all at once? b. Which representation shows the Earth’s real shape? c. On a globe, can you see Europe and Oceania at the same time? d. Why or why not? 14
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REINFORCEMENT
4 Label the pictures.
artificial satellite – GPS – globe – compass
5 Unscramble the words and complete the text.
A (gbelo)
represents the Earth as a sphere tilted on an axis.
A (wrldo amp)
represents the Earth as a flat
surface. Both representations show the Earth’s (eaocns) (ontitensnc)
: America, Africa, (orpEeu)
and , Asia,
Oceania and Antarctica. 6 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Political maps use different colours to show different heights of land. b. World maps show the whole of the Earth’s surface. c. Thematic maps can show weather. d. Cartographers make satellites. Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Representing the Earth
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The goddess of the East We use the points of the compass to help find our way. There are four compass points: north, south, east and west. In the morning, we see the Sun rise in the east. It sets in the west in the evening. In Ancient Greece, Eos was the goddess of the sunrise. Her brother was the Sun and her sister was the Moon. The Germanic tribes later changed her name to Eostre and named the direction of the rising Sun after her. The word ‘North’ comes from a word in their language that means ‘to the left of the Sun’.
1 Circle the correct words.
a. There are four compass points / equators: north, south, east and west. b. The Sun rises in the east / west and sets in the east / west. c. Eos was the goddess of the sunset / sunrise. d. The compass points in English come from the Greek / Germanic tribes. 2 Read and label the compass points in the picture.
Look, the Sun is rising! What a beautiful morning!
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east – north – south – west
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Representing the Earth
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The magical Viking stone In the past, sailors would stay close to the coast because they were afraid they would get lost at sea. How could they know where they were if all they could see was water? They used the position of the Sun in the sky to see if they were travelling north, south, east or west. But what about cloudy days? Legends say the Vikings could cross the sea in any weather because they had a mysterious stone that told them where the Sun was. Scientists now think the legends are true and that the Vikings used a transparent stone which showed the Sun’s position when held up to the sky. True or not, the Vikings were amazing sailors.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. In the past, why did sailors sail near the coast?
b. How did sailors know in which direction they were sailing?
c. Which culture had legends about a magical stone?
2 Look at the map and complete.
a. Look at the Viking ships. In which direction are they sailing? b. On the map, mark a new route for the ships to the Iberian Peninsula. c. In which direction will they sail? Viking route.
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Representing the Earth
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Read the definitions and write the correct part of the map.
It explains what the symbols and colours of a map mean.
It is a picture that shows the compass points.
These are the words on the map.
It explains what the real distances are.
2 Match the words to the part of the globe. Then, write a definition for each.
Equator:
A
Southern Hemisphere:
C
B
North Pole: Axis:
D
3 Which of these two maps is a world map? Why?
A
B
Scale 0 1,400
Scale 0 4,000
kilometres
kilometres
534453_03_21a_planisferio
534453_03_21b_mapa Europa
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ASSESSMENT
4 Answer the questions.
a. What is a map?
b. What is a globe?
c. What is one advantage of a map?
d. What is one advantage of a globe?
5 Look at the map and answer. N W
A
• If the ship sails from point A to point B, in which direction is it travelling?
E S
B
C
• And if the ship sails from point B to point C?
Scale 0 230
kilometres
6 Complete the crossword. 534453_03_21d_España
ACROSS 1. A small scale representation of the whole Earth.
3 1
2. Has a needle that always points north.
4
2 DOWN 3. Uses satellites to work out your position. 4. A flat representation of an area.
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Representing the Earth
TEST
Name
Date
1 We use globes and ... to represent the Earth.
a. the North Pole
b. GPS
c. maps
2 A globe represents...
a. part of the Earth. b. the Moon. c. the whole Earth on a small scale. 3 The imaginary line that connects the Earth’s two poles is…
a. a hemisphere.
b. its axis.
c. a pole.
4 The Equator divides the Earth into…
a. hemispheres.
b. poles.
c. an axis.
5 Maps…
a. are flat representations of the Earth. b. are small pictures of the Earth. c. show the actual size of Earth’s oceans and continents. 6 Earth’s largest ocean is the...
a. Pacific.
b. Atlantic.
c. Indian.
7 The six continents of Earth are…
a. Europe, Africa, America, Oceania, Asia, Antarctica. b. America, Asia, China, Oceania, Africa, Europe. c. Oceania, the North Pole, Europe, Asia, Australia. 8 The points of the compass are…
a. the North and South poles. b. north and south. c. north, south, east and west. 9 The Sun rises in the …
a. east.
b. west.
c. south.
10 The … on a map tells you what its symbols and colours mean.
a. scale 20
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b. key
c. compass rose Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Representing the Earth
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Make a map of your school and use a compass to find the direction of different places.
Instructions 1. Work in small groups. 2. Use a compass to find the direction of places in your school.
place
compass point
place
compass point
Main door
Classroom
Library
Gym
Playground
Dining room
3. Draw a map of your school and label the compass points. Choose a place to begin and end your route and write directions to get there: Start at the
. Go north / south / east /
west until you get to the
. Then, walk
north / south / east / west until you are near the
. Next, go north / south / east /
west until you get to the
. Then, walk north /
south / east / west until you get to the
.
Finally, go north / south / east / west... Where are you? 4. Give your directions to another group. They read and follow your directions. Can they guess the place where your route ends? Photocopiable material © 2014 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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The continents
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Colour the continents. Then write the oceans on the map.
red
Asia
green
Europe
orange
America
blue
Oceania
purple
Africa
yellow
Antarctica
Arctic Ocean
A E
G Atlantic Ocean
C
F
B
K
D
I
H L
J
• Write the correct letter for each relief feature.
22
Andes
Gulf of Guinea
Amazon Plain
Sahara Desert
Ural Mountains
Himalayas
Appalachian Mountains
Rocky Mountains
Sierra Madre
Cape of Good Hope
Arabian Peninsula
Madagascar
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
2 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Asia is the most populated continent on Earth. b. America extends from the Northern Hemisphere to the Equator. c. Oceania has the largest desert in the world, the Sahara. d. The largest island in Oceania is New Zealand. e. Scientists study the ice in Antarctica. 3 Which continent are these countries in?
a. Mexico:
c. Spain:
b. Canada:
d. India:
4 Look at the satellite photograph of Earth. Answer.
• What continents can you see in the photograph?
• Match the names of the relief to the map. Arabian Peninsula Madagascar
A C
B
Gulf of Guinea
5 Circle the correct words to complete the sentences about world rivers.
a. Rivers in Africa and America are long / short and with little / abundant flow. b. The Nile in Africa is the longest / fastest river in the world. c. The Amazon in North America / South America is the river with the most / least abundant flow. d. Rivers in Asia are long / short, but with varied flows. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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The continents
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Pangea the supercontinent On a world map, the continents look like pieces of a large puzzle. This is because in prehistoric times they were all connected, as part of a supercontinent called Pangea. Most of Pangea was in the Southern Hemisphere. It was surrounded by one enormous ocean called Panthalassa. Over a long period of time, Pangea broke into different pieces and formed the continents we have now. New oceans and seas formed between the new continents, and the world we recognize today slowly took shape. But the continents are still moving, and one day they could be even further apart!
Panthalassa
Panthalassa
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
• What is the name of the large continent that existed in prehistoric times? • Why was there only one ocean? • How did our oceans and seas form?
2 Search the Internet for a world map and print it out. Cut out the continents. Then, join the continents together like a jigsaw puzzle to see what Pangea looked like.
• Stick your supercontinent on some card to make a poster. Call it Pangea the supercontinent and label the ocean. 24
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The continents Name
EXTENSION
Date
Nature’s laboratory Antarctica is the coldest, driest and most southern continent on Earth. It is almost twice as big as Australia and most of it is covered with ice. There is little vegetation, but many living things live there. Antarctica is a perfect place for scientists to conduct different experiments because there is little human activity. Astronomers study the sky during the long nights. Marine biologists study the unique species of Antarctica. Environmental scientists study the ice to learn about the climate, and to measure global warming. Since 1961, governments all over the world have agreed to use Antarctica only for scientific research. This continent belongs to everyone. 1 Read the text. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Antarctica is the warmest continent on Earth. b. Scientists use Antarctica to conduct experiments. c. Most of Antarctica is covered in water. d. Antarctica belongs to Spain. 2 Search the Internet for information about the penguins of Antarctica and complete the index card.
Penguins Where do they live? What do they eat? What are their natural predators?
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The continents
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write the names of these continents.
2 Match and write sentences about the continents.
a. Asia
has the largest mountain range, the Andes.
b. Africa
has 10,000 islands.
c. America
has the longest river, the Nile.
d. Oceania
has the world’s most populated country, China.
3 Complete the table with examples of each type of relief.
mountains
rivers
Asia Africa America Oceania
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Answer the questions.
• Which language is the most spoken in northern Africa? • Which continents are bathed by the Indian Ocean? • Which are the most populated countries in America? • What is the name of the ocean that surrounds Antarctica? 5 Look at the map. Write the letter for each country.
China
Russia
Morocco
Australia
USA
Brazil
South Africa
France
B H
C
E
A
D G F
6 Complete the text about Oceania. 649238_final_mapamundi politico
Oceania is in the 10,000 and
Hemisphere. It consists of that are in the Oceans.
The largest extension of land is on the island of Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
. Social Science 3
27
The continents
TEST
Name
Date
1 The world’s largest and most populated continent is....
a. Asia.
b. America.
c. Africa.
2 Mount Everest, the world’s tallest mountain, is in the...
a. Himalayas, in Asia. b. Rocky Mountains, in America. c. Drakensberg Mountains, in Africa. 3 The Andes mountain range is in…
a. Asia.
b. Africa.
c. America.
4 The longest river in the world is…
a. the Yangtze. b. the Amazon. c. the Nile. 5 Three countries that are in North America are…
a. Canada, the United States and Colombia. b. Canada, the United States and Argentina. c. Canada, the United States and Mexico. 6 The world’s largest desert is the…
a. Arabian Desert. b. Sahara Desert. c. Great Victoria Desert. 7 Most of Africa’s population lives in…
a. cities.
b. the countryside.
c. megacities.
8 The world’s smallest continent is…
a. Asia.
b. Africa.
c. Oceania.
9 Except for Brazil, the most spoken language in South America is…
a. English.
b. Spanish.
c. Portuguese.
10 The city of Los Angeles is in…
a. America. 28
Social Science 3
b. Asia.
c. Oceania. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The continents
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 What time is it around the world? Read the text and look at the time zone map.
Did you know that the time of day depends on where you are in the world? The time depends on the position of the Sun and the Earth. The Earth spins on an axis, so we know it is day in one part of the planet and night in the other. Look at the time zone map. The Earth is divided into 24 time zones. This way, it is possible to calculate the difference in time from one place to another. Instructions 1. Work in pairs. 2. Write down the time in Spain. Then, search the Internet for the time in New Zealand and write it down. Now write down the time in Cuba. 3. Calculate the difference between the time in Spain and New Zealand. We say New Zealand is 12 hours ahead, so Spain is always behind New Zealand. 4. Now calculate the time difference between Spain and Cuba. Cuba is 6 hours behind Spain. 5. Complete this table with your information. country Spain
continent
time
Europe Oceania
Cuba 6. Complete the sentences. Say whether it is day or night. In Spain it is day.
In Cuba it is
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
. In New Zealand it is
.
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29
The continent of Europe
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Colour the continent of Europe in red. Then, answer the question.
• What are the geographical borders of Europe? a. To the south:
b. To the east:
c. To the west:
d. To the north: 2 Write an example of each landscape feature in Europe.
landscape feature
example in Europe
plains mountain range peninsula cape gulf
3 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Rivers in Europe only flow into the Atlantic Ocean. b. The biggest lakes are in the south. c. The longest river in Europe is the Volga. 30
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Write the names of these mountain ranges.
A.
A
B.
D
C.
B
C
D.
• Write the numbers on the map above. 1 Italian Peninsula 2 North Cape 3 Iceland 4 Great Britain 5 Look at the map in your Student’s Book and write the capital cities.
capital
country Austria France Hungary Italy Romania Switzerland Ukraine
6 Complete the sentences about Europe.
The largest country in Europe is in Europe is
. The highest mountain , in the
The longest river in Europe is called the Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
mountain range. . Social Science 3
31
The continent of Europe
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Changing borders If you look at a political map of Europe from 100 years ago, you will see it looks very different from the Europe we know today. The names of countries and their political borders can change for many reasons: sometimes because of war, sometimes because territories join together or separate. Sometimes these changes can be violent, but they can also be peaceful. For example, in 1949, Germany was separated into two different countries as the result of war. However, it was reunited peacefully in 1990.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. What can change on a political map over time?
b. Why do borders change?
c. Can borders change peacefully? Give an example.
d. For how many years was Germany divided into two different countries?
2 Although political borders can change, geographical ones stay the same. Match and make sentences about European geographical borders.
a. The Ural Mountains
separates
Europe from Asia.
b. The Mediterranean Sea
separate
Europe from Africa.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The continent of Europe Name
EXTENSION
Date
St. Bernard’s rescue dogs The Great St. Bernard Pass is a very dangerous path through the Alps. In the Middle Ages, monks built a monastery and a hospice on the pass to help travellers. The St. Bernard Hospice became famous for its rescue dogs. St. Bernard dogs have an excellent sense of direction in bad weather, and high resistance to the cold. The dogs looked for travellers stuck in the snow. They dug them out and lay on top of them to keep them warm. The most famous dog was Barry ‘der Menschenretter’. One day the dog found a boy in the snow. He kept the boy warm by licking him, and then carried him to the hospice. The last rescue was in 1955. During the 200 years the hospice used rescue dogs, they saved over 2,000 people!
1 Find and underline the sentences in the text. Then, write the words in the correct order to make sentences.
a. The / Hospice / became / St. Bernard / for / rescue / its / famous / dogs. b. dog / The / Barry ‘der Menschenretter’. / was / most / famous c. in / The / was / rescue / last / 1955. 2 In what other ways do dogs help humans? Write.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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33
The continent of Europe
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Look at the map. Write the letter for the mountain chains.
Ural Mountains Balkan Mountains
E
G
Pyrenees Alps
D
C
Carpathians
A
Scandinavian Mountains
F B
Caucasus Mountains 2 Write the name of two large plains in Europe.
3 Write an example of these coastal features in Europe.
a. gulf:
c. peninsula:
b. cape:
d. island:
4 Complete the table about European rivers.
European rivers that flow into the... Arctic Ocean
characteristics
examples
abundant flow, freeze in winter
Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea
Ebro, Rhone
Black and Caspian Seas
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
5 Match the rivers to the correct sea or ocean.
Ebro – Pechora – Tajo – Loire – Rhine a. Arctic Ocean: b. Atlantic Ocean: c. Mediterranean Sea: 6 Write an example of a lake.
a. In northern Europe:
b. In southern Europe:
7 Write the names of the countries.
1. 4 2.
5
3. 3 1
2
4. 5.
8 Write the names of the capital city of the countries from Activity 7.
1. 2. 3. 649238 U03 p19 h01 Europa 4. 5.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
35
The continent of Europe Name
TEST
Date
1 The most common landscapes in Europe are…
a. flat lands.
b. mountains.
c. volcanoes.
2 Europe’s highest peak, Mount Elbrus, is in the...
a. Alps.
b. Balkan Mountains.
c. Caucasus Mountains.
3 Europe’s most northern peninsula is the … Peninsula.
a. Iberian
b. Balkan
c. Scandinavian
4 European rivers that drain into the Mediterranean Sea have a…
a. abundant flow.
b. low flow.
c. long flow.
5 Europe’s longest river is the…
a. Danube.
b. Volga.
c. Vistula.
6 The island of Great Britain is in the…
a. Atlantic Ocean. b. Mediterranean Sea. c. Arctic Ocean. 7 Europe’s biggest lakes, such as Lakes ..., are in northern Europe.
a. Constance and Mayor b. Ladoga and Onega c. Superior and Ontario 8 The capital of Germany is…
a. Berlin. b. London. c. Paris. 9 Europe is a continent with more than…
a. 40 countries. b. 70 countries. c. 100 countries. 10 The largest and most populated country in Europe is…
a. Russia. 36
Social Science 3
b. Germany.
c. Ukraine. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The continent of Europe
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Make a puzzle of Europe’s countries.
Instructions 1. Photocopy a blank map of Europe and glue the map to a piece of card. 2. Label and colour the countries. 3. With a ruler, draw 4 vertical lines (1-4) on your map about 6 cm apart. 4. Then, use your ruler to draw 3 horizontal lines (a-c) about 5 cm apart. 5. Cut along the lines to make your puzzle. You will have 20 square pieces. 6. Mix up all the pieces. Then complete your puzzle. 7. Look at your finished puzzle and complete the text about Europe. I live in (country)
. Its capital city is . I live in (continent)
It is in the
.
Hemisphere. It has water on three sides:
the
Ocean to the north,
the
Sea to the south, and
the
Ocean to the west. The Ural Mountains are its
border to the of
. They separate it from the continent . There are more than
countries in my continent.
8. Check your answers with a partner. Then, swap puzzles and race to be the first to finish each other’s puzzle!
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
37
Spanish territory
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Complete the chart about Spanish territory.
most of the Spanish territory consists of:
the
Islands
the
Islands
the cities of 2 Write the letter of the province.
Almería
A
Salamanca
B
Lugo
C
Albacete Burgos
E
Badajoz
D H
F G
Balearic Islands Teruel
3 Complete the text about Spain’s borders with the correct words.
Portugal – Mediterranean Sea – Pyrenees – Africa – west – France
649238_04_24_h1_mudo provincias Spain has many natural borders. Its north-eastern border is the mountain range, which separates the country from
. The
in the south-east separates it from the continent of with the country of 38
Social Science 3
. It has a political border to the . Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Match and write the sentences.
a. Spain is divided into 17 autonomous
towns or villages.
b. Autonomous communities are divided into
provinces.
c. Spain has 50 one or more provinces. d. A municipality has one or more communities. 5 Find and circle seven words. Then, complete the text.
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
t
j
n
l
d
a
k
o
s
z
p
c
f
v
o
m
c
w
u
b
u
x
j
x
s
c
t
o
l
n
c
a
p
l
n
e
a
p
u
a
c
t
m
e
p
k
r
l
j
n
s
i
i
j
v
a
s
v
m
x
c
o
l
d
u
o
l
c
i
u
z
i
d
i
p
a
l
i
q
c
p
n
l
c
r
o
i
p
r
d
e
x
u
l
m
l
l
n
j
f
c
s
b
v
o
t
o
i
m
x
i
m
a
y
o
r
i
p
c
u
r
r
o
l
v
b
s
d
j
e
z
d
e
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
• The council is governed by the and the
.
Municipal from the town hall include ,
and
.
Social Science 3
39
Spanish territory Name
EXTENSION
Date
The Spanish peseta Imagine you buy some sweets at a sweet shop and the shopkeeper says: “The price is three duros, please!” How much is that? Nowadays, we pay in euros. But, for over 130 years, the peseta was the currency used in Spain. The peseta, like the euro, was divided into 100 cents. All the different coins had nicknames. For example, the 5 and 10 cent coins were called perra chica or perra gorda because the lions printed on them looked more like dogs. The brass peseta coin looked yellow, so the people nicknamed it una rubia. The duro was the name people gave to the 5 peseta coin. The euro is the official currency in many European countries. Spain joined the eurozone in 2002.
1 Read the text and answer.
a. What currency did Spain use for 130 years? b. In which year did Spain change its currency to the euro? c. Write the nicknames for these Spanish coins and then number them in order, from the smallest to the biggest. 1 peseta:
10 cents:
5 cents:
5 pesetas:
d. How many pesetas is one duro?
2 Which other European countries use the euro? Search the Internet. Write their names. How many countries are there in total?
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Spanish territory Name
EXTENSION
Date
The Camino de Santiago The Camino de Santiago is a pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela. Legends say the remains of Saint James are buried there. Since the Middle Ages it has been an important religious journey for Christians. Nowadays, many people enjoy the Camino de Santiago for reasons other than religion, such as sports, nature or tourism. The different routes pilgrims can take are marked by signs with shells. Shells are the symbol for pilgrims. Pilgrims often wear a shell around their necks. When they are tired, they rest at private or public hostels. These places stamp their pilgrim’s passport to show all the places the pilgrims have visited. When they arrive in Santiago, they receive a certificate that says they have walked or cycled between 100 to 200 kilometres!
1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. The remains of Saint John are buried in Santiago de Compostela. b. The Camino de Santiago was an important religious journey since the Middle Ages. c. The different routes are marked by signs with a cross. d. Travellers receive a certificate at the end of the Camino de Santiago. 2 Search the Internet for information about the original pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, called the Original Way. Answer the questions.
a. Where is the starting point? b. Which city marks the half-way point? c. In which town does the Original Way join up with the French Way?
d. Which two autonomous communities does the Original Way go through?
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
41
Spanish territory
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Look at the map and write the names of the Spanish territories.
a.
b.
A
B
c. d.
E
D
C
e.
2 Complete the sentences about Spain’s borders.
Pyrenees Atlantic Ocean 649238_final_p65_España Mudo Mediterranean Sea
France
Portugal
Cantabrian Sea
a. The Iberian Peninsula is bordered by two countries: b. The Ocean to the west is c. The country to the North of the Iberian Peninsula is 3 Complete the table about the territorial organization of Spain.
consists of
governed by
province
municipality
autonomous community
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Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Look at the map and answer the questions. S e a
Santander THE BASQUE Oviedo Santiago COUNTRY de Compostela THE PRINCIPALITYCANTABRIA VitoriaGasteiz OF ASTURIAS Logroño RIOJA
Pamplona/ Iruña THE CHARTED COMMUNITY OF NAVARRE
C
E
ANDORRA
Zaragoza ARAGÓN
Barcelona
EXTREMADURA
R
CASTILE-LA MANCHA
Valencia THE COMMUNITY OF VALENCIA/
C RI EA Palma L BA
ea
G
Madrid
e Se rra n a
L A
DS AN L IS
Toledo
T P
it
Mérida
ed
U
N
COMMUNITY OF MADRID
ANDALUSIA
THE REGION OF MURCIA Murcia
Seville
ATLANTIC OCEAN Santa Cruz REGIÓNISLANDS MéridaCANARY DE MURCIA de Tenerife Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
A
CATALONIA
CASTILE AND LEÓN
O
R
M
A T L A N T I C O C E A N
GALICIA
F
n
C a n t a b r i a n
Capital of Spain Autonomous community capital Country boundary Autonomous community boundary Provincial boundary Autonomous city
Ceuta
Scale Melilla
A L G E R I A
0
89
kilometres
M O R O C C O
a. Write the name of four inland autonomous communities.
649249_T04p14 Mapa de España
b. Write the name of four coastal autonomous communities. c. Write the name of the autonomous communities and cities that are not on the Iberian Peninsula. 5 Tick (✓) the municipal services organized by your local council.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
43
Spanish territory
TEST
Name
Date
1 Spain’s territory includes…
a. the Iberian Peninsula and two archipelagos. b. most of the Iberian Peninsula, two archipelagos, Ceuta and Melilla. c. most of the Iberian Peninsula and two cities. 2 The Mediterranean Sea borders Spain on the…
a. east and south.
b. west and south.
c. north and east.
3 Spain’s territory is organized into…
a. autonomous communities, provinces and municipalities. b. provinces and towns. c. autonomous communities and municipalities. 4 Two coastal Spanish Communities are…
a. Galicia and La Rioja.
b. Navarre and Madrid.
c. Galicia and Catalonia.
5 Provinces are…
a. groups of municipalities. b. several autonomous communities. c. Ceuta and Melilla. 6 Spain has…
a. 51 provinces.
b. 49 provinces.
c. 50 provinces.
7 An autonomous community is governed by…
a. the president of Spain.
b. a mayor and councillors.
c. its parliament and president.
8 A municipality is…
a. one or more cities, towns or villages governed by a local council. b. one or more provinces governed by a mayor. c. many capital cities. 9 A local council has a mayor and…
a. councillors.
b. presidents.
c. municipal services.
10 Fire and police services are…
a. municipal services. b. provincial services. c. autonomous community services. 44
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Spanish territory
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Let’s help change our community.
Instructions 1. In small groups, decide what things need improving in your community. 2. Write a survey to give to the class. Draw a table like this:
Our community Do we need…?
yes
no
more play areas more schools more cycle lanes
3. Complete the letter to the town hall describing the changes you want in your municipality. Make sure you mention why these changes will be good for the people in your municipality.
Dear Mayor, I think we need because
Yours sincerely,
4. Share your letters in class. With the help of your teacher, make one class letter to send to the town hall. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
45
Air
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Air is a liquid. b. Air occupies space. c. Air has no weight and no fixed shape. d. Air has oxygen that living things need to breathe. 2 Complete the chart.
troposphere – atmosphere – stratosphere
3 Write the names of the different types of precipitation.
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Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Match to make sentences.
a. Weather is
moving air.
b. Wind is
how hot or cold it is.
c. Precipitation is
the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place.
d. Temperature is
water that falls to Earth from clouds.
5 Explain the difference between these words.
a. Breeze and gale:
b. Snow and hail:
6 Colour the causes of air pollution in red, and the effects of pollution in blue.
respiratory illnesses factory smoke traffic
damage to monuments climate and temperature change volcanic eruptions
7 Many human activities cause air pollution. Draw one way you can help to reduce air pollution. Explain.
To help reduce air pollution, I can Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
47
Air
EXTENSION
Name
Date
A warmer Earth Our atmosphere gives us the oxygen we need to breathe. It keeps us warm. Without the atmosphere, heat from the Sun would escape and the Earth would be too cold for us to live on. Today, there are gases in the atmosphere that trap too much heat from the Sun. This causes the temperature of the Earth to increase. We call this global warming. Global warming can cause many problems. In some places it will rain too much and cause floods. Other places will get very little rain, creating more deserts. It also means the ice at the Poles will begin to melt. These changes can be very dangerous, so we must be careful not to pollute our atmosphere. 1 Write the effects of global warming next to the correct picture.
higher temperatures – more deserts – more floods – melting Poles
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Air Name
EXTENSION
Date
The lungs of the Earth When we breathe, our lungs take in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. Trees act like lungs for our planet because they take in carbon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. The largest rainforest on Earth, the Amazon, produces almost 20% of Earth’s oxygen! However, people have been cutting down trees in the Amazon to make room for crops. This is called deforestation. Deforestation causes more carbon dioxide and less oxygen to be in the air. This is bad for all living things that breathe in air. Local governments and organizations are now trying to protect the Amazon rainforest.
1 Look at the picture and answer the questions.
a. What is happening to the forest? b. What negative effects can this have?
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
49
Air
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Look at the picture and match the uses of air.
C A
B D
to play and hear music
to inflate a boat
to cook with fire
to fly a kite
2 Answer the questions.
a. What are the main gases in air?
b. What are the properties of air?
c. Which property of air can you see in the picture? Explain.
d. Write two reasons why air is important.
3 Write the layers of the atmosphere.
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Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Describe the weather in these pictures.
5 Write the types of wind in order, from the most gentle to the strongest.
gale – hurricane – breeze
6 Label the weather symbols. Circle the symbol that shows the weather now where you live.
7 Give an example of a natural and an artificial cause of air pollution.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
51
Air
TEST
Name
Date
1 The two most abundant gases in air are…
a. carbon dioxide and oxygen. b. nitrogen and oxygen. c. oxygen and water vapour. 2 Air has...
a. a fixed shape. b. no weight. c. no smell. 3 The layers of gases that surrounds the Earth is called…
a. the atmosphere.
b. oxygen.
c. the hydrosphere.
4 The troposphere…
a. contains very little oxygen. b. is where weather occurs. c. is the upper layer of the atmosphere. 5 The layer of gases farthest from the surface of the Earth is the…
a. atmosphere.
b. stratosphere.
c. troposphere.
6 A ... is an example of weather.
a. volcano
b. hurricane
c. river
b. hurricane.
c. gale.
b. changes every day.
c. measures wind.
7 A gentle wind is called a…
a. breeze. 8 Weather…
a. is always the same. 9 ... influence weather.
a. Temperature, water and the Poles b. Temperature, precipitation and snow c. Temperature, precipitation and wind 10 Air pollution…
a. cannot destroy plants and monuments. b. is not toxic. c. can change the climate. 52
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Air
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Let’s experiment with the properties of air!
Instructions 1. With a partner, blow up two balloons of the same size. 2. Tie them with string to a coat hanger. 3. Balance the coat hanger on your finger. Both balloons should be equally balanced. 4. Burst one of the balloons with a pin. Observe what happens to the hanger and the remaining balloon. 5. Complete your conclusion and draw the hanger and balloons at the end of the experiment. Conclusion This experiment shows that air has weight does not have weight occupies space does not occupy space When one of the balloons burst, the coat hanger was balanced
unbalanced.
This means the balloon full of air was heavier
lighter
than the burst balloon.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
53
Water
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 What state is water in? Write.
a. rain
▶
b. water vapour ▶ c. snow
▶
2 Tick (✓) the places where you can find frozen water.
at the top of a mountain
in a stream
in an iceberg
at the South Pole
on a beach
in an aquifer
3 Explain the difference between these words.
a. Salt water and fresh water:
b. River and stream:
c. Aquifer and well:
4 Look at the pictures and complete the text.
A
B
In winter, it is very c
and the water
f
.
In spring, the weather is warmer and the i
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Social Science 3
melts.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
5 Label the stages of the water cycle.
precipitation – condensation – collection – evaporation
B
F C
D E A
• Now, write the correct letter. lake
aquifer
river
snow
rain
clouds
6 Write the stages.
a. Water falls from the clouds as rain, snow or hail. b. Water in the sea evaporates.
c. Water vapour condenses and forms clouds.
d. Rain falls into the rivers and goes to the sea.
• Now, write the sentences in order. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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55
Water Name
EXTENSION
Date
The unsinkable ship An iceberg is a piece of frozen fresh water that floats in the sea. Some icebergs that break off from the land are as big as an island! They can be very dangerous because 90% of an iceberg is underwater, so they cannot be seen by ships. Work began in 1909 to build the Titanic. It was the largest ship in the world at that time. Many people said it was so big and safe, it was impossible to sink. But in 1912, on the Titanic’s first voyage, the ship hit an iceberg in the Atlantic Ocean. It sank within three hours. Since then, organizations monitor and study icebergs closely to make sailing safer.
1 Read the text and answer.
a. What is an iceberg?
b. When did the Titanic sink? Why?
c. Why are icebergs dangerous for ships?
2 Search the Internet for pictures of icebergs. Draw an iceberg above and under the water.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Water
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Saving a limited resource 97% of the water on Earth is in the oceans. This means that only 3% of the water on our planet is fresh water. Fresh water is the water we drink and water plants with. It is a limited resource that we need to use responsibly. We can save water by turning off the tap when we brush our teeth, or by taking showers instead of baths. We can also collect rainwater to clean floors and water plants with. The government can pass laws to protect water. For example, they can make companies clean water in treatment plants. In this way, water can be used for other purposes, such as in park fountains, for watering streets, etc.
1 Read the text and answer.
a. Why is fresh water a limited resource?
b. How can we help save water?
c. What can the government do?
2 Complete the pie chart representing the water on Earth. Use the key.
red
97% salt water
blue
3% fresh water
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Water Name
ASSESSMENT
Date
1 Look at the pictures and write the state the water is in.
2 Find and circle examples of water in nature. Then, classify them in the table below.
water in a solid state
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Social Science 3
water in a liquid state
water in a gaseous state
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
3 Label the stages of the water cycle.
4 How does water change state during the water cycle?
5 Answer the questions.
a. What is an aquifer? b. How do we bring groundwater to the surface?
c. What is the difference between salt water and fresh water? Where can you find each?
6 Write three examples you do at home for each.
ways to save water
ways to use water
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
59
Water
TEST
Name
Date
1 Water exists in three states:
a. condensation, snow and evaporation. b. solid, liquid and gaseous. c. solid, water vapour and gaseous. 2 Icebergs are…
a. the ice at the top of a mountain. b. pieces of frozen salt water that float in the sea. c. pieces of frozen fresh water that float in the sea. 3 In nature,… is when water goes from a gaseous state to a liquid state.
a. fusion
b. condensation
c. evaporation
4 The stages of the water cycle occur in this order:
a. condensation, evaporation, precipitation and collection. b. evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection. c. evaporation, precipitation, condensation and collection. 5 In nature, you can find salt water in…
a. oceans.
b. lakes.
c. icebergs.
6 A lake is…
a. a body of fresh water surrounded by land on all sides. b. a moving body of fresh water that empties into the sea. c. salt water on the coast. 7 We use .... to extract groundwater from aquifers.
a. rivers
b. waterfalls
c. wells
8 When the Sun heats sea water, it ... into water vapour.
a. condenses
b. evaporates
c. collects
b. only snow.
c. rain, snow and hail.
b. you can play in it.
c. it will harm living things.
9 Precipitation is...
a. only rain. 10 If water is polluted…
a. nature will clean it. 60
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Water
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 How long does water take to evaporate? Do this experiment.
Instructions 1. Work with a partner. 2. Pour 250 ml of water into a tall glass, and pour another 250 ml of water into a shallow bowl. Mark the water levels on each container. 3. Place the glass and the bowl in a sunny place. 4. Every two days, observe and mark the water level in each container. 5. Make drawings of your observations in the table. today
in two days
in four days
in six days
tall glass
shallow bowl
6. Compare your results and answer the questions. a. In which container did the water evaporate more quickly? b. Why do you think the water evaporated more quickly in this container? Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
61
Landscapes
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Look at the colour key and circle the words.
mountain landscape ▶ green
flat landscape ▶ orange
coastal landscape ▶ blue slope cliff hill valley peninsula plain plateau archipelago beach mountain range peak bay
2 Unscramble the letters and label the parts of the mountain.
opels
tofo
apke
3 Circle the coastal features and write them next to their definition.
p
in en
sulacliffba
yis
landa
ip rch
elagobeac
h
a. A group of islands: b. A high area of rock next to the sea: c. A part of the sea that cuts into the land: d. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides: e. An area of flat land with sand or pebbles next to the sea: f. A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides except one: 62
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Look at the landscape. Write the natural and man-made features in the table.
natural features
man-made features
5 Write the sentences under the correct photo.
We should reduce pollution
We should recycle more
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
We should cut down fewer trees.
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63
Landscapes Name
EXTENSION
Date
Sculpted landscapes Wind and water continue to shape landscapes all over the Earth. Wind is a powerful force that carries dust and sand from one place to another. It also blows sand against rocks with great force. This causes soft rock to slowly wear down and sculpt amazing formations, like rounded arches and buttes. Moving water in streams and rivers, and waves in the sea are the main causes of water erosion. Over time, rivers can cut through rock to create huge canyons, like the Grand Canyon in the United States. In coastal areas, waves break against cliffs, forming deep caves and tall columns. Landscapes are constantly changing!
1 Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the correct sentences.
a. Wind and water have shaped landscapes all over the Moon. b. Wind is a powerful force that carries water and oxygen. c. Waves in the sea cause wind erosion.
2 Read the sentences about erosion. Write T (true) or F (false).
a. Rivers create huge canyons. b. Wind is the major cause of erosion. c. Erosion only happens in coastal landscapes. d. Ocean waves erode cliffs and change their shape.
3 In pairs, search the Internet for pictures of buttes. Make a poster with the pictures. Write where buttes can be found. 64
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Landscapes
EXTENSION
Name
Date
An island is born In 1963, fishermen were sailing south of Iceland when they saw a column of smoke rising from the sea. They thought it was another ship and went to help. When they arrived, they saw that the smoke came from a volcanic eruption. They were watching a new island form! The eruption expelled lava onto the sea bed, making the underwater volcano grow little by little. Slowly, the volcano grew above water and formed a small island. The island is named Surtsey, after the god of fire in Icelandic mythology.
1 Read the information and write the parts of the volcano.
crater: the mouth of the volcano where lava is expelled.
vent: magma comes up through this tube.
magma: melted rocks from inside the Earth.
lava: thick, hot liquid expelled from volcanoes.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
65
Landscapes
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Look at the photos and write mountain landscape, flat landscape or coastal landscape.
2 Write the landscape features next to the correct letter. B A
C D
A.
D.
B.
E.
C.
F.
E
F
3 Explain the difference between these landscape features.
a. gulf and bay:
b. plain and plateau:
c. hill and mountain: 66
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Read and complete the text about changes in landscapes.
disasters – farming – rain – man-made – natural – change – erosion – construction A landscape can
for many reasons. There are man-made
changes and
changes. Examples of natural changes include
the changing seasons, and
such as droughts, or wind , which is called
changes include
.
, transport networks and
.
5 Is this a natural or man-made landscape? Explain.
6 Look at the picture. Tick (✓) the true sentences.
a. Natural changes are damaging this landscape. b. The river has toxic waste. c. The smoke from the factory is causing air pollution. d. Recycling is damaging this landscape. e. Deforestation is causing toxic waste. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Landscapes
TEST
Name
Date
1 Landscapes far from the sea are…
a. inland.
b. coastal.
c. natural.
2 A mountain has three parts:
a. a hill, a slope and a peak. b. a mouth, a slope and a peak. c. a foot, a slope and a peak. 3 An area of high, flat land is called a…
a. plateau.
b. valley.
c. plain.
4 Land that is surrounded on all sides by the sea is...
a. a peninsula.
b. a bay.
c. an island.
5 A part of the sea that cuts into the land is called a…
a. cape.
b. point.
c. gulf.
6 Natural features of a landscape are…
a. relief, reservoirs and vegetation. b. relief, water and vegetation. c. relief, water, vegetation and buildings. 7 Landscapes that people have not changed are…
a. flat.
b. mountains.
c. natural.
8 A natural landscape can have a…
a. reservoir.
b. road.
c. lake.
9 The destruction of forests is called…
a. pollution. b. deforestation. c. toxic waste. 10 Man-made changes to a landscape can be…
a. farming. b. the seasons. c. wind. 68
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Landscapes Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 What makes your region special?
Some regions have beautiful mountain scenery. Others have wonderful beaches. Some have amazing buildings. Every region has something special to see! Instructions 1. Work in groups of four. 2. Use books and magazines, and search the Internet to find information. 3. One pair does research about natural features in your region, such as mountains, lakes, rivers or beaches. 4. The other pair does research about man-made features, such as bridges, airports, railway lines or factories. 5. Complete the table with your information. natural features
man-made features
6. Together, make a poster with the title Our region. Include the information from your table in two sections on the poster: Natural features and Man-made features. Add some pictures. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
69
The landscapes of Spain
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Unscramble the words and complete the text.
The (Inern latePau)
covers about half
of the Iberian Peninsula. There are two (ntmuaoin gesran) in the Inner Plateau and four surrounding it. Spain also has two (rreiv sisnba) (saraipcehlgo)
and two .
2 Write the names of the mountain ranges surrounding the Inner Plateau.
a.
c.
b.
d.
3 Write the mountain ranges beyond the Inner Plateau.
B
A
A. B.
C D
C. D. E.
E
4 Match the peak to the mountain range.
Moncayo Aitxuri Mulhacén Aneto Teleno 70
Social Science 3
Betic Mountain Chain Mountains of León Pyrenees Iberian Mountain Chain Basque Mountains
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
5 Write the coasts to complete the sentences.
Cantabrian coast
Mediterranean coast
Atlantic coast
a. The
coast has many cliffs.
b. The
coast has long beaches.
c. The
coast can have rías, cliffs or sandy beaches.
6 Complete the chart about Spanish coasts.
In the north In the
coast Atlantic coast
In the east and south
• Galician coast •
coast
•
coast
coast
7 Tick (✓) the correct information.
a. The Balearic Islands are in:
b. The Canary Islands are in:
the Atlantic Ocean.
the Atlantic Ocean.
the Mediterranean Sea.
the Mediterranean Sea.
• This archipelago has:
• This archipelago has:
five islands.
five islands.
seven islands.
seven islands.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
71
The landscapes of Spain Name
EXTENSION
Date
Spain’s first National Park National Parks are protected landscapes. They are special because of their relief and their plants and animals. Spain has 15 National Parks. In 1918 the first Spanish National Park was established in the Picos de Europa. It extends through parts of Castile and León, Asturias and Cantabria. The Picos de Europa National Park has mountains that are over 2,000 metres high, like Torre Cerredo. There are river valleys, and lakes, such as Enokl and Ercina. In the park there are also caves. Some are more than 1,000 metres deep! The park protects the rich plant and animal life. There are oaks, orchids, vultures, and even brown bears and wolves! 1 Read and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. National Parks are protected landscapes. b. The Picos de Europa was Spain’s first National Park. c. The Picos de Europa is in southern Spain. d. Only lakes and mountains are protected in National Parks.
2 Choose another Spanish National Park and complete the index card.
National Park: Date established:
.
Location: Special landscape features:
.
Special plants and animals:
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The landscapes of Spain Name
EXTENSION
Date
Mulhacén mountain Mulhacén is the highest mountain peak on the Iberian Peninsula, at almost 3,500 metres high! It is in the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain. It is the second tallest mountain in Spain, after Mount Teide in the Canary Islands. The name Mulhacén comes from Muley Hacén. He was a king of Granada in the 15th century. Legends say he is buried on the summit of the mountain. The north face of Mulhacén is very steep, so visitors climb its south face, which is more gentle. Until 1994, you could drive up this face by car! Now, you can only walk up, or go by bike or on horseback.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. Where is Mulhacén?
b. How high is it?
c. What is Spain’s tallest mountain?
d. Where does the name Mulhacén come from?
e. Which is the easiest face to reach the summit? What means of transport can you use to go up that face now?
2 Search the Internet for information about the Sierra Nevada National Park. Make a poster with information and pictures. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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The landscapes of Spain
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Find 7 words about landscapes and circle them with the correct colour from the key.
green
mountain landscape
red
flat landscape
i
e
l
l
y
p
z
b
d
o
s
p
l
a
i
n
f
h
s
u
t
i
j
a
s
b
u
l
l
s
h
m
z
u
r
e
f
e
o
x
m
o
u
n
t
a
i
n
p
f
u
t
x
i
q
c
a
p
e
l
s
f
c
r
y
h
t
t
l
w
r
i
v
e
r
b
a
s
i
n
blue
coastal landscape
2 Complete the chart with the mountain chains.
mountains of the Inner Plateau mountains beyond the Inner Plateau mountains surrounding the Inner Plateau
3 Classify the coasts. Write A for the Atlantic coast, M for the Mediterranean coast and C for the Cantabrian coast.
74
Cape Palos
Gulf of Cádiz
Gulf of Valencia
Cape Peñas
Tenerife
Bay of Biscay
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Look at the letters on the map. Write the names of the mountain chains.
C A. A
B
D
B. C. D.
• Write the names of Spain’s two archipelagos. 5 Write definitions for the parts of a mountain.
a. peak: b. foot: c. slope: 6 Match the description to the places.
a. The archipelago with Spain’s highest peak.
Atlantic coast
b. The river basin in the north of Spain.
The Canary Islands
c. It covers half of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Inner Plateau
d. Spain’s longest coast.
The Ebro river basin
e. A coast with many rías.
Mediterranean coast
7 Circle the correct words.
a. The Inner Plateau covers half / all of the Iberian Peninsula. b. Spain has two / four archipelagos and two / four river basins. c. The Cantabrian / Mediterranean coast is the longest in Spain. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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The landscapes of Spain Name
TEST
Date
1 The features of an area of land is the…
a. landscape.
b. coast.
c. relief.
2 We call several mountains in line a…
a. mountain chain.
b. mountain range.
c. hill.
3 A cape is…
a. a large piece of land that sticks out into the sea. b. a large area of sea that cuts into the land. c. a low, flat area of sand next to the sea. 4 The ... covers half of the Iberian Peninsula.
a. Inner Plateau
b. Inner Basin
c. Inner Plain
5 The two mountain ranges in the Inner Plateau are…
a. the Iberian Mountain Chain and the Basque Mountains. b. the Pyrenees and the Mountains of León. c. the Central Mountain Chain and the Mountains of Toledo. 6 The Cantabrian Range is to the... of the Inner Plateau.
a. south
b. east
c. north
7 Spain’s highest peak is ... in the Canary Islands.
a. Mulhacén
b. Mount Teide
c. Aneto
8 The ... river basin is in the south of the Iberian Peninsula.
a. Guadalquivir
b. Tajo
c. Ebro
9 The Cantabrian coast is…
a. high and rocky with lots of capes and cliffs. b. low and sandy with long beaches. c. the longest in Spain with lots of gulfs and peninsulas. 10 The Balearic Islands are in the…
a. Cantabrian Sea. b. Atlantic Ocean. c. Mediterranean Sea. 76
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The landscapes of Spain
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Make a 3D relief map of Spain.
Instructions 1. Work in pairs. 2. Glue a photocopy of a relief map of Spain onto a piece of strong card. 3. Cover the relief map with different colours of plasticine. Use green for the Inner Plateau and brown for the mountains. Use blue for the Guadalquivir and Ebro river basins. 4. Write the numbers 1 to 14 on labels and stick them onto toothpicks. Stick the labels onto the Inner Plateau, the main mountains on, surrounding and beyond the Inner Plateau, and the two river basins. 5. Write the key to the labels here: main relief features of Spain 1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
6
13
7
14
6. Show your map to another pair. On a separate piece of paper, they write the names of the relief features according to the numbers. Use your key to correct them. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
77
Rivers in Spain
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Read the definitions and complete the words.
a. A large, flowing body of fresh water.
__ __ v e __
b. A river that flows into a main river.
t __ __ __ u __ __ __ __
c. The ground that a river flows over.
__ i __ __ r b __ d
d. The volume of water in a river.
__ l __ w
e. A bend in a river.
__ __ a __ __ __ r
f. The journey a river takes.
c __ __ __ s __
2 Write the number for each part of the river.
upper course middle course
1
lower course
2
4
meander mouth
3
source
5
6
• Now, use the words to write sentences describing the course the river takes. 3 Read and write landscape, climate or watershed.
a. It influences the length of a river. b. It is the typical weather of an area. c. It affects the amount of water in a river. d. All rivers in an area flow into the same sea. e. Spain has three of these, such as the Cantabrian Sea. 78
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Match the letters to the rivers.
Júcar
A
Ebro
C
B
Guadalquivir D
Tajo
E
Duero F
Miño
• Now, colour the watersheds according to the key. red
Atlantic
blue
Cantabrian
green Mediterranean
5 Match the rivers to the tributaries.649238_06_31_h1_rios
a. Tajo
Genil
b. Ebro
Segre and Jalón
c. Guadalquivir
Jarama and Alagón
d. Duero
Pisuerga, Esla and Tormes
6 Complete the table.
river
source
watershed
Saja
tributaries Besaya
La Mancha Mediterranean Sea
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Jalón Social Science 3
79
Rivers in Spain Name
EXTENSION
Date
The King’s path In Andalusia there is a deep canyon in the Betic Mountain Chain, called the Gorge of Gaitanes. In the early 20th century, workers at a local power station needed a path to get to the station. They constructed a walkway along the side of the gorge, 100 metres above the river Guadalhorce! In 1921, King Alfonso XIII visited this amazing walkway. Since then, it has been called the Caminito del Rey or the King’s Path. In 2015, the walkway was rebuilt. Now, tourists can go along the walkway and enjoy the incredible views!
1 Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, underline them in the text.
a. deep / there / is / Betic Mountain Chain. / a / in / canyon / Andalusia / the / In
b. visited / In / King Alfonso XIII / walkway. / 1921 / amazing / this
c. the / rebuilt. / was / In / 2015, / walkway
2 Tick (✓) the true sentences and cross out (✗) the false sentences.
a. The Gorge of Gaitanes is in Andalusia. b. The Gorge of Gaitanes is in the Pyrenees. c. The walkway gets its name after a visit by King Philip VI. d. The walkway is 100 metres above the river Guadalhorce. e. Since 2015, tourists can visit the newly constructed walkway. 3 Would you like to visit the King’s Path? Why or why not? Explain.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Rivers in Spain Name
EXTENSION
Date
Going down the Sella In Asturias, there is a special race that is celebrated on the first Saturday in August. It is the International Descent of the River Sella. Competitors travel 20 kilometres by kayak or canoe, from Arriondas to Ribadesella. Asturias has a wet climate, so the Sella has abundant flow. For this reason, the competition takes place every year. The Descent of the Sella started in 1929 when some friends took a canoe down the river. By the following year it had become an official race. Competitors race from the middle course of the river down to its mouth. The Descent of the Sella is now recognised by UNESCO as a world heritage tourism event.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. What is the Descent of the River Sella?
b. When does it take place?
c. When did it begin?
d. What parts of the river does the race go through?
2 Draw a river. Then, describe its course.
The river starts in Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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81
Rivers in Spain
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Match and write sentences about rivers.
a. A river is
lakes or reservoirs.
b. Its course is the journey
downhill along a river bed.
c. It travels
a large, flowing body of fresh water.
d. The water it carries
it takes from its source to its mouth.
e. River water collects in
is called its flow.
2 Write the parts of the river.
1.
1
2. 3. 4. 5.
3 2 4
5
3 Answer the questions.
a. What are gullies? Where can you find them?
b. Which river is the fastest-flowing in Spain?
c. Which river is the longest on the Iberian Peninsula? 82
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Write the river next to the correct letter.
A
A.
B
C
B.
D
C.
E
F
D.
G
E. F. G. 5 Match each river to its source and watershed.
Atlantic Ocean
a. Cantabrian Mountains
Miño
b. Iberian Mountain Chain
Duero 649238_06_31_h1_rios Mediterranean Sea
c. Galician Massif
Ebro
Atlantic Ocean
d. Iberian Mountain Chain
Eo
Atlantic Ocean
e. Cantabrian Mountains
Tajo
Cantabrian Sea
6 Complete the text with the correct words.
Ebro – short – Cantabrian – long – flow – Mediterranean – Atlantic Rivers that flow into the
Sea are
but have a high water flow. Most of the rivers that flow into the Ocean are
. Except for the
the rivers that flow into the a low water
, Sea are short and have
.
7 Do the Canary Islands have rivers? Explain.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
83
Rivers in Spain
TEST
Name
Date
1 A … is a large, flowing body of fresh water.
a. river
b. tributary
c. gully
2 A river bed is…
a. the volume of water in a river. b. the ground that a river flows over. c. the journey a river takes. 3 The middle course of a river is…
a. wide and has a slower flow. b. narrow and has a faster flow. c. wide and has a faster flow. 4 A … is a river that flows into another river.
a. tributary
b. reservoir
c. lake
5 Rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean are…
a. short.
b. regular.
c. long.
6 Rivers that flow into the Cantabrian Sea are…
a. short and carry lots of water. b. long and carry lots of water. c. short and have a low flow. 7 … form in the Canary Islands when it rains a lot.
a. Tributaries
b. Gullies
c. Cliffs
8 The Duero flows into the…
a. Cantabrian Sea.
b. Mediterranean Sea.
c. Atlantic Ocean.
9 The longest river on the Iberian Peninsula is…
a. the Tajo.
b. the Guadalquivir.
c. the Ebro.
10 The source of the river Miño is in…
a. the Galician Massif. b. the Cantabrian Mountains. c. the Pyrenees. 84
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Rivers in Spain Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Let’s make a river diorama!
Instructions 1. Work in pairs. You need an empty shoe box, some card, and some stickers. 2. Plan your diorama. First, draw a landscape of a river. Include the following river features: source, upper course, middle course, meander, tributary, lake, lower course and mouth.
3. Stand an open shoebox on its side. 4. Decorate the back of the box with clouds and sky. 5. Now, copy your river drawings onto coloured card. Cut out the drawings and arrange the parts in the box to make a 3D version of your picture. 6. Use stickers to label the parts of your river: source, upper course, middle course, meander, tributary, lake, lower course and mouth. 7. Present your diorama to the class. Explain the different river features. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
85
Villages and towns Name
REINFORCEMENT
Date
1 Look at the photos and write the types of villages.
around a square - along a road - made up of isolated houses
2 Read the sentences and write village or city.
a. There is a lot of traffic. b. People work in industry or in services. c. Most people know each other. d. Many people work in farming. e. There are short, narrow roads. f. There are a lot of shops. 3 Label the parts of the city: historic centre, modern district or suburbs.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Tick (✓) the municipal services. Then, write the name of these services.
5 Match the characteristics to either advantage or disadvantage.
more schools more traffic more museums
advantage disadvantage
sports centres and cinemas more noise few natural landscapes
6 Complete the text about street maps.
streets - rows - key - buildings - columns Street maps show an aerial view of the , parks and in a town or city. They are marked on a grid that has numbered
and lettered . They have a
that explains the symbols. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Villages and towns
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The most populated city on Earth Tokyo is the capital of Japan. It is also the most populated city in the world, with 35 million inhabitants! When we think of large cities, we usually imagine people living and working in tall skyscrapers. But Tokyo has very few skyscrapers because it is in a region that suffers from many earthquakes. Most of the buildings are no more than ten stories high. Tokyo is a city of contrasts. It has modern buildings, built using the latest technology, next to quiet historic buildings and temples. The city has the world’s largest railway network. More than 20 million people travel by train every day. 1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. What country is Tokyo in? b. How many people live in Tokyo? c. What makes Tokyo a city of contrasts?
d. Why are there not many skyscrapers in Tokyo?
2 Look at the picture and circle the correct answers.
a. What type of transport is this? boat
taxi train car
b. Why do so many people travel this way in Tokyo?
it’s faster
cars are illegal it’s more expensive
c. Which type of transport do you use the most?
bus
taxi train car
3 Do you prefer a big city like Tokyo or a small town? Explain.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Villages and towns Name
EXTENSION
Date
Villages, towns and cities over time Many villages and towns in Spain are thousands of years old. Some of these places started as small villages that grew into towns, and then into big cities with a large population. Most of the population of Spain now lives in towns and cities. Two Spanish cities, Madrid and Barcelona each has more than one million people. Madrid has 3 million inhabitants, and the population of Barcelona is 1.5 million people. These large cities grew from small villages. However, some villages in Spain have remained small. Some of them are almost abandoned, because the inhabitants have moved to cities for jobs. The smallest villages have only a few inhabitants in winter. There are more animals than people!
1 Answer the questions about the place where you live.
a. Do you live in a village, a town or a city? b. How old is it? c. What is the population now? d. Is the population increasing or decreasing?
e. If it is decreasing, where are the people moving to?
2 What is your favourite village, town or city? Write two reasons why you like it.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Villages and towns
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Complete the table.
villages
cities
What are the streets like? What are the buildings like? Is there a lot of traffic?
2 Write the parts of the city.
A.
B.
C B
A
C.
3 Look at the pictures. Write three sentences about the differences between villages and cities.
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Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences about local councils.
a. and the mayor / in the town hall. / work / The local councillors
b. is the head / The mayor / of the local council.
c. organizes / The local council / the municipal services.
5 Write the municipal services in the picture.
2
1.
3
1
2. 3. • Now, write two other municipal services that are not in the picture.
6 Look at the map. Write the building for each square. Use the key.
fire station
museum
A
1
B
C
D
E
Green Park
M ain
2
St re
et
hospital
car park
a. B-2: b. C-1:
3
c. A-3:
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Social Science 3
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Villages and towns
TEST
Name
Date
1 …. are rural areas with a small population.
a. Cities
b. Towns
c. Villages
2 Villages have…
a. wide and long streets. b. low buildings. c. more than 10,000 inhabitants. 3 The narrow streets of a city are usually in the…
a. suburbs.
b. historic centre.
c. modern district.
4 Industrial estates and shopping centres are usually in the…
a. suburbs.
b. historic centre.
c. modern district.
5 An advantage of living in a village is that…
a. there is no mayor. b. they have lots of cathedrals. c. it is usually quiet. 6 The mayor and … work in the town hall.
a. local councillors
b. doctors
c. teachers
7 Municipal workers…
a. take care of the mayor. b. organize the local festivities. c. carry out municipal services. 8 Cultural and recreational services…
a. organize the local school. b. organize the local sports centre. c. help prevent fires. 9 The police are responsible for…
a. cleaning the streets.
b. keeping the streets safe.
c. running the library.
10 Rubbish collectors work for the…
a. fire service. 92
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b. town planning services.
c. sanitation services. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Villages and towns
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Design a park for your community.
Instructions 1. Work in groups of four. Choose a place in your neighbourhood to build a new park.
2. Decide the activities for each area of the park. For example, an area for a playground, a swimming pool, some gardens, some picnic benches, etc. 3. Draw symbols for each activity and write a key in your notebook. Draw the symbols on the square where you want them to be in your park. A
B
C
D
E
1 2 3 4 5 4. Give your park a name. Write four rules about how to behave in your park. 1. 2. 3. 4. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Jobs in nature
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Use the colour key to circle the words.
green
primary sector
red
secondary sector
blue
tertiary sector
mining – industry – tourism – education – crop farming – transport – fishing – health care – livestock farming – forestry – construction – commerce
2 Read the sentences and write A for active population or I for inactive population.
a. People of legal working age. b. People not of legal working age. c. People who do not get a salary. d. People who earn money for their work. e. Unemployed people who are looking for work. 3 Write the farming activities. Then, number them in order from 1 to 3.
• Now, describe what is happening in the pictures.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Circle and write six crops. Then, underline the irrigated crops in blue and the dry crops in green.
j
r
w
c
t
o
m
a
r
e
t
a
c
h
l
l
l
g
s
z
p
c
s
e
e
l
z
i
u
b
u
x
j
g
r
a
p
e
v
v
c
a
p
l
c
l
t
p
t
e
z
t
m
e
p
o
m
r
o
q
j
p
i
j
v
a
r
z
u
r
i
c
e
d
u
o
l
n
t
o
m
a
t
o
p
a
l
i
5 Write the types of livestock. A
B
C
6 Match the jobs in the primary sector to the descriptions.
a. animal farming
fishermen fish near the coast
b. crop farming
farmers grow plants in fields
c. coastal fishing
farmers raise fish near rivers or the coast
d. deep-sea fishing
farmers raise animals for products
e. fish farming
fishermen fish a long way from the coast
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Jobs in nature Name
EXTENSION
Date
Where does paper come from? Paper was invented in China 2,000 years ago. In those days, paper was made from rags of cloth, or even from old fishing nets. Nowadays, most paper is made from wood. Trees are grown especially for paper production. The trees are cut down and the trunks are chopped into small chips of wood. At paper factories, the chips of wood are soaked in water and chemicals to make wood pulp. The wood pulp is bleached to make it clean and white. The water in the wood pulp is squeezed out and the pulp is left to dry. Finally, the wood pulp is cut up in machines to become sheets of paper. These days many factories use recycled paper to make their paper products. In this way, we can save trees and help to reduce rubbish. With recycled paper, factories can make anything from notebooks to toilet paper!
1 Read and write T (true) or F (false).
a. Paper was invented 2,000 years ago in India. b. The first type of paper was made from cloth. c. Today, paper is made from wood pulp. d. Bleaching wood pulp cleans it and turns it white. e. Recycled paper is only used to make toilet paper.
2 Search the Internet to find out how paper is recycled. Write sentences describing the process.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Jobs in nature
EXTENSION
Name
Date
The potato came from America Do you like potatoes? Did you know that before the 16th century there were no potatoes in Europe? The potato comes from Peru, in South America. When Spanish explorers first arrived there, they saw that the potato was a popular food. They decided to bring potato plants to Spain. The potato quickly became popular in other European countries like Portugal, Italy and France. At first, people grew potato plants for their pretty flowers. Many people thought potatoes were poisonous and were afraid to eat them. The Italians were the first to cook potatoes. Now, potatoes are grown all over the world and chefs use them as an important ingredient in many dishes. Not only is the potato a versatile food, it is also healthy and full of nutrients.
1 Complete the text about growing potatoes.
plough
harvest
First, farmers
spray
fertilize
plant
the soil to prepare it for planting. Then, they water and the soil so that it has lots of nutrients. Next, they
the potatoes. To protect the plants from disease and insects, they with pesticides. Finally, the farmers
them
the potatoes once they are ready.
2 Read the menu and answer the questions.
a. Which foods come from crop farming? First course Artichokes with shellfish Starters
Lentil stew
Asparagus with tomatoes
Second course
Roasted green peppers
Grilled trout
Roast lamb
b. Which foods come from livestock farming? c. Which dishes on the menu come from the fishing industry?
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Jobs in nature
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Write A (active population) or I (inactive population).
an unemployed person
a fireman
a retired man
a farmer
a student
a teacher
2 Write primary, secondary or tertiary sector.
3 Number the farming activities in order. Then, use the words to write sentences to explain the process of farming.
harvesting
fertilizing
ploughing
sowing
4 Match the words to the products.
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a. dry crops
plants for food and other products
b. livestock farming
wood
c. crop farming
rice and tomatoes
d. forestry
sheep, pigs and cows
e. irrigated crops
grapes and olives
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
5 Write the type of livestock under each picture. A
B
C
• What type of animal farming do the pictures represent? Explain. Picture
represents extensive farming because
Pictures
and
represent intensive farming
because 6 Label the pictures C (coastal fishing) and D (deep-sea fishing).
• Write three differences between these two types of fishing. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Jobs in nature
TEST
Name
Date
1 People who get paid for their work belong to the…
a. inactive population. b. active population. c. unemployed population. 2 Retired people belong to the…
a. inactive population. b. active population. c. unemployed population. 3 The planting process for crop farmers is…
a. sowing, ploughing and harvesting. b. ploughing, sowing and harvesting. c. harvesting, sowing and ploughing. 4 Crops that grow with just rainwater are…
a. irrigated crops.
b. dry crops.
c. harvests.
b. harvests the crops.
c. plants the seeds.
5 … are irrigated crops.
a. Corn, grapes and potatoes b. Corn, rice and tomatoes c. Grapes, wheat and olives 6 Sowing is when a farmer…
a. prepares the land.
7 Products from livestock farming are…
a. cotton and milk.
b. eggs and wool.
c. meat and corn.
8 Livestock living in open fields is…
a. extensive farming.
b. cattle farming.
c. intensive farming.
b. goats.
c. cattle.
9 Cows, bulls and oxen are…
a. poultry.
10 Fishermen in large boats with refrigerators carry out…
a. coastal fishing. 100
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b. deep-sea fishing.
c. fish farming. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Jobs in nature Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Carry out a product survey.
When we go to the market or supermarket, we can see hundreds of amazing food products from all over the world! Some food products cannot be grown locally, but many products can. It is important to support local farmers by choosing their products when possible. You are going to carry out a product survey to find out where food products in your local market come from.
Instructions 1. Visit your local market or supermarket. Read the labels on the products, or ask the shop assistants questions to get information:
Where does this (fish) come from?
Where do these (olives) come from?
Are these (tomatoes) from a local farm?
2. In small groups, prepare a table of about ten different food products you can find in the market. Use this example as a model: product
where it comes from
trout
fish farm in Galicia
olives
dry crop from Andalusia
meat
livestock farm in Ávila
3. Complete your table with the food products you have found. 4. Compare your table with another group. Together, decide the best way to complete this sentence:
Most of the products in my local market are / are not produced locally.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Jobs in industry and services Name
REINFORCEMENT
Date
1 Circle the jobs. Then, classify them into sectors in the table.
il minerp
factoryw
o
e ork
primary sector
rm tfa
ac rte
erbuilderfisherm
herlumberjackh
an
ote
mu
lre
sicia
cept
secondary sector
n
ionist
tertiary sector
2 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. The secondary sector gets raw materials from nature. b. Primary industries make raw materials for other industries. c. Consumer industries make manufactured products for consumers. d. Craftsmen make handmade products in large factories. 3 Match to make sentences about jobs in the secondary sector.
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a. Factory workers
can be bricklayers, engineers or architects.
b. Craftsmen
work on assembly lines.
c. Construction workers
turn raw materials into handmade products.
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Look at the pictures. Tick (✓) the jobs that belong to the tertiary sector.
5 Write the type of industry under each picture.
food industry – textile industry – chemical industry – construction industry
6 Unscramble the jobs. Then, classify them in the table.
rotu eidgu intra rerdvi hops stisnsata
education
health care
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
transport
sitnetd cerhate nseur
retail
tourism
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103
Jobs in industry and services Name
EXTENSION
Date
From factories to museums The textile industry was very important during the 19th century. In Spain, there were many textile factories in Catalonia, especially in Barcelona. Textile factories were built near rivers so that the moving water could power water mills and machines. The workers lived in communities near the factories. These communities were small villages with houses, shops, churches and schools. There was also a large mansion where the factory owner lived. As the years went by, the textile factories closed down and the workers left the communities. Nowadays, some of these old factories and the buildings around them have become museums. When visiting the museums you can find out what life was like in industrial areas during the 19th century.
1 Making clothes in factories is similar today to in the past. Number the pictures in order.
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Shopkeepers sell the jumper.
Factories prepare the wool.
Factory workers pack the jumpers.
Workers sew the jumpers.
Farmers take wool from sheep.
Lorries transport the jumpers.
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Jobs in industry and services Name
EXTENSION
Date
Firefighters Did you know that being a firefighter is not a modern job? There were firefighters as far back as Ancient Rome! In some countries, firefighting is carried out by volunteers; but in others, it is full-time work. Firefighting is a dangerous job, so firefighters have to be physically fit and strong. They wear special suits to protect them from the extreme heat, flames and gases caused by fires. These suits can weigh more than 30 kilograms! Firefighters work closely with other public and emergency services, like the police and ambulances. In fact, there is one number, which coordinates all the emergency services in all the countries of the European Union. The number is 112. Memorize it!
1 Look at the picture. Circle public services in blue and private services in green.
2 Write a list of public services where you live.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Jobs in industry and services
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Circle the manufactured products.
A
B
C
F D
E
2 Use the words to complete the text.
craftsmen – industrial process – raw materials – factories – manufactured products – handmade – assembly lines In the
, workers turn
takes place in
into
. This
. where many workers work on
In workshops,
turn raw materials into
. products.
3 Complete the chart about types of industries.
chemical
Primary
steel, aluminium
food
Consumer
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Social Science 3
motorcycles
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Write S (secondary) or T (tertiary) for each picture.
potter
doctor
construction worker
taxi driver
assembly worker
5 Write the type of service that is provided when you do these activities.
a. travel by plane
▶
b. get a vaccination
▶
c. buy some shoes
▶
d. order a hamburger
▶
e. learn to read
▶
6 Find and circle five places where you would use the services in Activity 5. Write the words to match Activity 5.
c
q
r
e
d
f
r
z
s
h
o
p
k
e
h
p
x
a
e
y
s
o
r
w
i
t
o
t
s
c
h
r
s
l
a
p
g
d
p
c
i
u
d.
i
r
a
o
h
v
r
e.
t
l
t
r
o
e
a
a
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o
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a. b. c.
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Jobs in industry and services Name
TEST
Date
1 The construction industry is part of…
a. the secondary sector.
b. the tertiary sector.
c. no sector.
2 The industrial process is…
a. a building where they make industrial products. b. a series of activities in factories that turn raw materials into manufactured products. c. the workshop of a craftsman. 3 Craftsmen…
a. make lots of products every day in factories. b. use simple machines to make handmade products. c. turn manufactured products into raw materials. 4 Industries that turn raw materials into products for other industries are…
a. primary industries.
b. metal industries.
c. consumer industries.
5 Industrial estates are often built…
a. far from transport networks. b. in city centres. c. outside cities near transport networks. 6 Hotel receptionists work in…
a. retail.
b. tourism.
c. education.
7 Commerce is…
a. a service that moves people and products from one place to another. b. a service that helps people in emergencies. c. the buying and selling of products. 8 Public transport includes…
a. buses, trains and planes.
b. motorcycles and bicycles.
c. cars and trains.
9 Ships leave from … and travel along sea routes.
a. airports
b seaports
c. railway stations
10 The people who buy products are called…
a. consumers. 108
Social Science 3
b. producers.
c. traders. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Jobs in industry and services Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Carry out a survey about jobs.
What jobs are the most popular? Do a survey.
Instructions 1. Ask your classmates: What do you want to be when you grow up? 2. Record your results in a table like this one. Add columns for other jobs. doctor
teacher
fisherman
TV presenter
singer
farmer
fireman
singer
farmer
fireman
3. Make a bar chart like this one with the class results. number of children
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
doctor
teacher
fisherman TV presenter
4. Interpret the results and answer the questions in your notebook.
a. What is the most popular job in your class?
b. Which job is the most popular with girls? Which job is the most popular with boys?
c. Which sector is the most popular: the primary, the secondary or the tertiary?
5. What job do you want to do when you are older? Which sector is it? Write sentences.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
109
The past
REINFORCEMENT
Name
Date
1 Circle the units of time. Then, write them in order from the shortest to the longest.
centurym
w inute
de eek
cadeh
ouryearmont
a.
f.
b.
g.
c.
h.
d.
i.
e.
j.
hda
ym
illen
niums
econd
2 Write the historical source.
written
non-written
oral
3 Complete the table about non-written sources.
non-written sources type example
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Social Science 3
building
object Guernica
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Match the year to the century.
a. 1905
13th century
b. 600
20th century
c. 50
21st century
d. 1222
16th century
e. 1560
7th century
f. 2015
1st century
5 Write the period of history next to the correct number.
1
2
1.
4.
2.
5.
3
4
5
3. 6 Write the event that started each period of history.
a. Prehistory ▶ b. Ancient History ▶ c. The Middle Ages ▶ d. The Modern Age ▶ e. Contemporary History ▶ 7 Match the unit of time to either calendar or clock.
a. hour b. month c. second d. minute Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
clock
calendar
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The past
EXTENSION
Name
Date
Saint Patrick’s Day Festivals and traditions are a way of preserving the past. Saint Patrick’s Day is a festival in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. It is celebrated on 17th March in honour of Saint Patrick, the patron Saint of Ireland. Saint Patrick’s Day is now an international cultural celebration. People all around the world celebrate it with traditional Irish food, drink and folk music. People wear green to symbolize the countryside of Ireland. People also wear a three-leaf clover, which is an Irish symbol for spring. Many cities organize St. Patrick’s Day parades and events. In Chicago, in the United States, the Chicago River is dyed green on St. Patrick’s Day!
1 Read the text and write T (true) or F (false).
a. Saint Patrick’s Day is a Scottish festival. b. Saint Patrick’s Day is celebrated in the summer. c. It is celebrated all around the world. d. People wear green because it symbolizes hope. e. The clover is an Irish symbol for spring.
2 Spain also has many traditional festivities. Find out about a local festival and complete the index card.
traditional festivals in Spain name and date of festival: events that take place:
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The past
EXTENSION
Name
Date
World Heritage Sites The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is an international organization that promotes education and cooperation. UNESCO identifies cultural and natural sites of ‘outstanding universal value’, and includes them in the World Heritage List. These sites are unique places that need to be preserved for future generations. The list contains over 900 sites. It includes historic monuments and natural landscapes. Europe has the most World Heritage Sites, including cathedrals, castles, ancient ruins, and the centres of many historic cities. Spain is home to 43 World Heritage Cultural Sites, including the Alhambra, the Cave of Altamira, the city of Toledo and El Escorial Monastery.
1 Circle the correct words.
a. UNESCO is an international organization that promotes education and cooperation / art and food. b. The World Heritage List includes sites of universal / national value. c. Europe has the most / best World Heritage Sites. 2 Search the Internet for information about the the Cave of Altamira. Draw the cave paintings and complete the sentences.
The Cave of Altamira is in the autonomous community of C
in the north
of Spain. The paintings were made in the period of history called P The paintings are
. years
old.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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The past
ASSESSMENT
Name
Date
1 Number the events in order, from the oldest to the most recent.
a. My sister was born a decade ago. b. The cathedral was built eight centuries ago. c. My grandparents married five decades ago. d. Writing was invented five millennia ago. 2 Write these dates in order, from the oldest to the most recent.
523 B.C.
124 A.D.
1123 A.D.
2 A.D.
2 B.C.
3 Look at the pictures and write the time period. A
B
C
4 Write the periods of history in the correct places on the timeline.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
5 Write the type of historical source.
written
non-written
oral
6 Find and circle three historical sources in blue. Then circle three monuments in green.
p
a
i
n
t
i
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g
r
c
a
d
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j
c
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p
a
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x
h
q
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b
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o
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o
k
t
s
o
c
u
e
k
w
r
a
k
h
7 What is a timeline used for? Explain.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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The past
TEST
Name
Date
1 We use a … to measure short periods of time.
a. calendar
b. century
c. clock
b. ten years.
c. 100 years.
2 A decade is …
a. five years.
3 The year 1492 was in the …
a. 21st century.
b. 13th century.
c. 15th century.
4 … are people who study historical sources.
a. Historians
b. Doctors
c. Romans
5 Written historical sources are…
a. images that tell us about the past. b. old texts from the past. c. old objects from the past. 6 Historical sources can be…
a. written or oral.
b. written, non-written or oral.
c. non-written or physical.
7 The periods of history in order are:
a. Prehistory, Ancient History, the Middle Ages, Contemporary History, the Modern Age. b. Prehistory, Ancient History, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, Contemporary History. c. Ancient History, Prehistory, the Middle Ages, the Modern Age, Contemporary History. 8 During Prehistory, people lived in…
a. caves.
b. domus.
c. castles.
9 The time period we live in nowadays is called…
a. the Modern Age.
b. the Middle Ages.
c. Contemporary History.
10 A timeline puts…
a. past events in order. b. shorter events before longer events. c. future events in order.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The past
INVESTIGATE
Name
Date
1 Make a scrapbook of your personal history.
History is not just events that happened to other people a long time ago. Your personal history is all the events that have happened to you in your life. You are going to make a scrapbook of all the important events that have happened to you. It will tell the story of your life so far! Instructions 1. Ask family members to help you with the important events of your life. 2. Create a timeline of your personal history and put the events in order, from the earliest to the most recent.
Started Primary school
Was born Started school 2007
2008
2009
Broke my arm 2010
2011
2012
2013
Got a bike
2014
2015
3. Find photos or make drawings for each event. 4. Get a blank scrapbook. Give it the title My history. 5. Use a page for each event. Stick the pictures next to the event. Write a brief description of the event and the pictures. 6. Show your scrapbook to your classmates.
• What events are similar?
• Were you the same age when they happened?
• What events are different?
7. Continue to add important events as they happen to you.
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Prehistory to the Middle Ages Name
REINFORCEMENT
Date
1 Read and circle the mistakes. Then, write the correct sentence.
a. When people learned to farm the land, they became nomads.
b. Humans began to work with metals a million years ago.
c. The first metalworkers lived in caves.
d. The first humans gathered wild plants, caught fish and raised cows.
2 Write the correct people for each sentence.
the first farmers
the first metalworkers
the first human beings
a. They lived in the first villages. b. They discovered fire. c. They became sedentary. d. They invented the wheel. e. They lived in caves. 3 Tick the picture that shows Prehistory. Explain why.
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Unscramble and match the Roman buildings to complete the sentences.
a.
ircucs
b.
ubicpl abths
c.
pletem
d.
ducaueqt
e.
eatreaphmith
f.
trehaet
carried water to the cities.
were dedicated to their gods.
were for entertainment.
were used for chariot races.
were used for bathing.
were used for gladiator fights.
5 Read the clues and write (A) for Ancient History or (M) for the Middle Ages.
People lived in domus, villas and insulae.
They decorated buildings with mosaics.
Monks and nuns lived in monasteries.
Peasants lived in small villages.
6 Look at the picture and answer the questions.
• What type of building is this? • What period of history is it from? • Who lived here? 7 Match the words to the people who lived there.
a. monastery
noblemen
b. small village
merchants
c. castle
peasants
d. medieval city
monks and nuns
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Prehistory to the Middle Ages Name
EXTENSION
Date
A Roman domus In Ancient Rome, rich families lived in big, comfortable houses called domus. They were homes for one family with just one storey. They were decorated with wall paintings and mosaics on the floors. The windows were small to keep out city noise. So, for more sunlight, Romans built the rooms around an open courtyard (atrium). This central courtyard had a small pond that collected rainwater. The entry from the street (vestibulum) led to the courtyard, the most important part of the house. The bedrooms (cubicula), dining room (triclinium) and the office surrounded the courtyard. Some domus had a very large courtyard with gardens and even baths! 1 Label the parts of a domus.
entry – courtyard – pond – bedroom – dining room vestibulum or
atrium or
food pantry
cubicula or
triclinium or
2 Look at the photo. What part of the domus can you see? 120
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Prehistory to the Middle Ages
EXTENSION
Name
Date
History in a comic The Bayeux Tapestry was created in the 11th century. It uses pictures to tell the story of how William the Conqueror became King of England. Most people at that time could not read, so a story in pictures was the best way for people to learn about the King. The tapestry shows many scenes, one after another, making it the first comic book in history! The pictures were embroidered onto a very long piece of cloth with threads of brightcoloured wool. The whole tapestry is 70 metres long! The Bayeux Tapestry is an important historical source because it shows many important events in history. It also gives us an idea about life, society and war in the Middle Ages.
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. In which period of history was the Bayeux Tapestry created? b. Who does the tapestry tell a story about? c. Why was it important to tell the story using pictures?
d. Why is the tapestry an important historical source?
2 Imagine you are a historian studying the Bayeux Tapestry. Look at this section of the tapestry and answer the questions.
• What means of transport is being used? • How did this transport move? • What is being transported? Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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Prehistory to the Middle Ages Name
ASSESSMENT
Date
1 Match to make sentences about Prehistory.
a. The first humans were
inventors
and built the first farms and villages.
b. The first farmers were
sedentary
and moved to find food and shelter.
c. The first metalworkers were
nomads and invented the wheel, carts and sail boats.
2 Look at picture and circle the correct answers.
• What material are the swords made of? bone metal ceramic • Who in Prehistory used these? the first humans the first farmers the first metalworkers • How long ago were these objects made? 8,000 years ago 100,000 years ago a million years ago 3 Classify the words in the table.
temple horse
Latin
slaves
sailing boat
Roman buildings
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bridge
insulae
public baths forum
Roman transport
cart
villas domus
people and languages
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Find and circle five words from Ancient History and the Middle Ages. Then, write.
• Ancient History
r
o
m
a
n
y
q
s
m
q
d
m
e
v
p
u
x
o
k
j
l
e
w
n
q
j
e
d
u
k
f
o
r
u
m
z
i
c
q
c
o
b
c
a
s
t
l
e
• The Middle Ages
5 Put the words in order to make sentences about the Middle Ages.
a. Merchants / sold / in markets. / their products
b. of the Roman Empire / in the 15th century. / and ended / It started / with the fall
c. kings and knights / There were rich / and poor / peasants.
d. Monks / in / monasteries. / lived
6 Read the events and write the period of history they belong to.
a. The construction of monasteries b. The invention of sailing boats c. The invention of the wheel d. The construction of villages e. The construction of villas f. The discovery of fire Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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Prehistory to the Middle Ages Name
TEST
Date
1 The first humans were…
a. nomads that moved from place to place. b. sedentary and built houses in small villages. c. travellers that liked visiting other cultures. 2 Over a million years ago, the first humans were…
a. hunters and gatherers.
b. farmers.
c. metalworkers.
3 People built the first villages and cities because of…
a. farming.
b. fire.
c. trade.
4 There was a large square in the centre of Roman cities called a…
a. villa.
c. public bath.
b. forum.
5 Ancient Romans watched gladiators fight in…
a. theatres.
b. circuses.
c. amphitheatres.
b. villas.
c. insulae.
b. Latin.
c. Italian.
6 Poor Romans lived in...
a. domus. 7 Romans spoke…
a. Spanish.
8 Merchants and craftsmen in the Middle Ages lived in…
a. villages.
b. monasteries.
c. cities.
9 In the Middle Ages, knights…
a. fought in wars. b. copied books. c. sold products in markets. 10 Monks and nuns in the Middle Ages lived in...
a. churches. 124
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b. monasteries.
c. cathedrals. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Prehistory to the Middle Ages Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Build a castle.
Instructions 1. Work in small groups. You need empty cereal and shoe boxes, cardboard tubes and some strong card, glue and scissors. 2. Search the Internet for images of castles. In your notebooks, draw a castle you like as a model. 3. Find out the names of the different parts of the castle, such as: drawbridge, tower, keep, battlements, etc. Write labels for the different parts. 4. Use the boxes to make a 3D castle, using your drawing as a model. Stick the pieces of your castle together with glue or transparent tape. Decorate and paint your castle and add the labels to the different parts. 5. Invent a name for your castle. Share your castle with your classmates.
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
REINFORCEMENT
Date
1 Read the sentences about the Modern Age and write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. There were new inventions like the printing press. b. Trade developed only on land. c. Merchants and craftsmen lived in villages. d. New products arrived from Africa. e. Explorers discovered that the Earth was flat. f. The telescope was invented. 2 Complete the chart about the Modern Age.
in the cities In the Modern Age, these people lived... in the villages
3 Tick (✓) the inventions from the 19th century.
126
piano
street lighting
telescope
automobile
potato
computer
palace
vaccines
sailing boat
wheel
steam engine
train
Social Science 3
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
REINFORCEMENT
4 Circle the correct words to complete the sentences about the 19th century.
a. In the 19th century, workers / craftsmen worked in factories. b. They made many products because they used machines powered by hand / steam. c. Many peasants / slaves left their villages to work in factories in the countryside / city. 5 Label the means of transport M (Modern Age) or C (Contemporary History).
aeroplane
steamboat
high-speed train
horse-pulled cart
automobile
spacecraft
6 Unscramble the letters. Then, label the inventions.
lanopaere aptlop uteorcmp
orbto scftecrapa
artphsonme
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
Social Science 3
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The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
EXTENSION
Date
The world’s first underground trains In 1863, the world’s first underground train line opened in London. It was called the Metropolitan Railway. The line ran between Paddington and Farringdon Street. The trains were powered by a steam locomotive which filled the tunnels with smoke! Later, electric trains were introduced, which were cleaner. On its opening day, the Metropolitan Railway carried more than 30,000 passengers on the 6 kilometre journey. The underground transformed the way people travelled within the city. During its construction, many people were worried there would be problems digging under the city. However, the London Underground expanded and new lines were built. Nowadays, there are 280 stations on 12 lines. It is the largest metro system in Europe!
1 Put the words in order to make sentences. Then, find and underline the sentences in the text.
a. the world’s first / In 1863, / underground train line / opened in London.
b. people travelled / The underground transformed / the city. / the way / within
c. Nowadays, / 280 / stations on / there are / lines. / 12
2 Search the Internet for information about the first metro system in Spain and complete the index card.
First metro in Spain Where was it built? When was it opened? How many stations are there now?
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Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
EXTENSION
Date
The Industrial Revolution The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century revolutionized the way products were made. Steam engines were used to power large machines. These machines could make many products very quickly. Factories were built to house the large and noisy machines. This started a time of great economic and technological development, known as the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain. Factories replaced small craftsmen’s workshops. People left their farms in the country for factory jobs in the cities. The growing city populations needed better transport, improved health services and more food. These needs inspired new inventions like vaccines and more efficient farming equipment. This led to more and more jobs in the cities, and fewer people in the countryside. By the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution had spread to other countries. 1 Read the text and answer the questions.
a. What was the Industrial Revolution?
b. Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin? c. What happened to the population during the Industrial Revolution?
2 Look at the photos of textile factories from the 19th century and 21st century. Label the sentences A or B.
A
B
A factory from the 19th century.
Many people work the machines.
A factory from the 21st century.
Computers work the machines.
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Social Science 3
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The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
ASSESSMENT
Date
1 Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false sentences.
a. Contemporary History started 50 years ago. b. In the 20th century, houses installed running water, heating and lighting. c. Cities became smaller in the 19th century. d. Vaccines were invented in the 19th century. 2 Colour the phrases that describe the Modern Age in red, and phrases that describe Contemporary History in green.
it started in 1492
peasants left their villages
new products arrived from America
it started with the French Revolution
people had telescopes and pianos
3 Complete the table with the words.
Internet – first vaccines – steamboat – high-speed train – automobile – piano – sailing boat – first street lighting – tomatoes and corn – printing press
Modern Age
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Contemporary History 19th century
20th and 21st centuries
Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
ASSESSMENT
4 Look at the photo and circle the correct word for each sentence.
a. The streets are wide / narrow. b. The buildings are low / tall. c. The automobiles are modern / old. d. This picture belongs to the Modern Age / Contemporary History. e. The photograph of the city is from the 19th / 21st century. 5 Complete the sentences about these two telephones.
This is a
from the
This is a
century. It stayed in the room.
from the century. You can
carry it with you.
6 Write the main periods of history. Colour the timeline. Then, write the period you like best. What do you like from that period?
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Social Science 3
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The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
TEST
Date
1 Christopher Columbus discovered America in…
a. 1992.
b. 1492.
c. 1592.
2 The… was an invention of the Modern Age.
a. aeroplane
b. camera
c. printing press
3 During the Modern Age, the kings and noblemen lived in…
a. castles.
b. palaces.
c. insulae.
4 The first factories opened …
a. 200 years ago.
b. 400 years ago.
c. 600 years ago.
5 The machines used in the first factories were powered by…
a. steam.
b. electricity.
c. petrol.
6 During Contemporary History people’s health improved thanks to…
a. paved roads. b. medicines and vaccines. c. automobiles. 7 Nowadays, … perform many tasks in factories, instead of workers.
a. machines and robots b. machines and craftsmen c. animals and robots 8 The steam engine, cars and the camera were invented in the…
a 19th century. b. 20th century. c. 21st century. 9 Inventions in Contemporany History that have changed people’s lives include…
a. the Internet, the wheel and the piano. b. the telescope, the radio and markets. c. aeroplanes, computers and the MRI scanner. 10 Transport nowadays is…
a. more uncomfortable. b. slower. 132
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c. faster and safer. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
The Modern Age and Contemporary History Name
INVESTIGATE
Date
1 Which traditional Spanish dishes use products originally from America?
When European explorers returned from the New World, they brought back many new foods with them. For the first time, Europeans started growing potatoes, tomatoes, sunflowers, courgettes, aubergines, avocados, sweet potatoes, peanuts, pineapples, papayas, vanilla, beans, chocolate, and many other foods. Many of these new foods are used in traditional Spanish dishes.
Instructions 1. Conduct a survey of your classmates to find out what Spanish dishes are most popular. Ask your classmates: What is your favourite traditional Spanish dish? 2. Record your results in a table like this one. Add different foods. paella
fabada
cocida
croquettes
Spanish omelette
meatballs
gazpacho
3. As a class, decide on the most popular dish and the least popular dish. 4. In pairs, search the Internet to find out which ingredients came from America. 5. In your notebook, write a list of the main ingredients of the most popular Spanish dish. Circle the ingredients from America in red on your list.
Then, write the ingredients of the least popular dish. Circle the ingredients from America in green.
6. Interpret the results and complete the sentences.
a. The most popular traditional Spanish dish is
.
You can / cannot make it without using foods originally from America.
b. The least popular traditional Spanish dish is
.
You can / cannot make it without using foods originally from America. Photocopiable material © 2015 Santillana Educación, S.L.
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NOTES
NOTES
Art director: José Crespo Design coordinator: Rosa Marín Design team: Cover design: Estudio Pep Carrió Cover photograph: Leila Méndez Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda Design development: Raúl de Andrés and Jorge Gómez Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera Technical director: Jorge Mira Technical coordinators: Marisa Valbuena Layout: Jorge Borrego and Eva Hernández Photo research: Nieves Marinas and Marilé Rodrigálvarez Photographs: ARCHIVO SANTILLANA
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code). If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org).
© 2015 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Avda. de los Artesanos, 6 Tres Cantos. 28760 Madrid Richmond Publishing is an imprint of Santillana Educación, S. L. Printed in Spain CP: 657159 ISBN: 978-84-680-2864-4 D.L.: M-1757-2016
Richmond Publishing 58 St Aldates Oxford OX1 1ST United Kingdom
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