Sobrevivendo Ao ENEM 2021 - Guia de Texto e Repertórios

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XLBRKQEQKM@L  Ê RK@IÎÈL @L

KMKG 2:29 N[EI @K PKVPL K RKZKRPØRELX

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 I  IZZRKXKMPIÎÈL Lcé, vkstebucim`l(i)! Zrlmtl piri hlmhcuer gies ugi ktipi k, `kssi vkz, nirimter i mlti `ls slmfls kg rk`iîèl ml Kxigk Mihelmic `l Kmseml Gå`el< Gku mlgk å Ziucl Qemçheus, tkmfl 29 imls k kstlu ml quirtl pkrçl`l `l hursl `k gk`ehemi, quk slmfke pkci iprlviîèl plr guetl tkgpl. Itrivås `l Kxigk Mihelmic `l Kmseml Gå`el (KMKG), hlmsknue mlti suaehekmtk piri skr iprlvi`l kg gk`ehemi kg gies `k 9; umevkrse`i`ks pÿbcehis briseckeris ‐ nriîis il nrim`k `eakrkmheic mi mlti `k rk`iîèl. Ml glgkmtl hursl mi [mevkrse`i`k Ak`kric `k Icakmis ([meaic-GN), kg Gemis Nkries, k kstk rksucti`l vkel `k ug nrim`k prloktl kg bushi `i tèl slmfi`i vini. Ziri timtl, kssk kBlld aiz pirtk `kssk pcimkoigkmtl, `k hkrti alrgi hlgl ugi prlgkssi pksslic `k iou`ir k `k ichimîir l géxegl `k pksslis quk ku hlmsknuessk. Pkmfl iou`i`l kstu`imtks `k tl`l l Brisec `ks`k 2:95 i ichimîirkg kxhkckmtks mltis ‐ k l prøxegl å vlhï! @urimtk l KMKG ml gku tkrhkerl iml `l kmseml gå`el, alrig 920 ihkrtls k ugi gå`ei `k >;6,;2 plmtls hlg 52: plmtls mi rk`iîèl, emsuaehekmtks piri gemfi iprlviîèl kg igpci hlmhlrrïmhei. Kmtrim`l kg ugi zlmi `k hlmalrtl, kg 2:9> ihibke `kexim`l i rk`iîèl `k ci`l, plr pkmsir quk skrei aéhec iugkmtir ls 52: plmtls piri pkcl gkmls 51:, l quk mèl ihlmtkhku. Mèl hlmsknue skr iprlvi`l piri gk`ehemi gies ugi vkz k, `ksti vkz, plr hlmti `i mlti `k rk`iîèl. Ipøs guetl alhl k `k`ehiîèl kg 2:96, hlmsknue, hlg i lrekmtiîèl e`kic, i sknurimîi piri kshrkvkr slbrk quicqukr tkgi `k rk`iîèl ml KMKG 2:96. @kssi vkz busquke alhir kg hlmstruer ugi irnugkmtiîèl søce`i k kgbisi`i kg irnugkmtls quk pl`kreig skr ÿtkes kg tkgis guetl virei`ls, piri kvetir skr pknl `k surprksi plr iblr`inkms hlgl i ihkssebece`i`k `ls sur`ls ml iml imtkrelr. Hlmquestke aemicgkmtk 56: plmtls mi mlti aemic `k rk`iîèl, l gies prøxegl plssçvkc `k itemner l aigenkri`l 9:::, hlg i mlti aemic `k >60,61 plmtls `k gå`ei iretgåtehi, icåg `k gies `k 6:5 plmtls mi [ARO hlg ls pksls `i rk`iîèl, plr kxkgpcl, ibrem`l `evkrsis lpîûks `k umevkrse`i`ks piri kshlcfkr ml XeX[ 2:95 k rkicezir gku slmfl `k skr gå`ehl k `k alrgir kg ugi [mevkrse`i`k Zÿbcehi. @i gksgi alrgi quk hlmsknue, kspkrl quk l hlmtkÿ`l i sknuer skoi `k icnugi alrgi prlvketlsl piri vlhï.

 

X[GÉREL 9. I RK@IÎÈL @L KMKG 9.9 IX HLGZKPÏMHEIX 9.2 EMPRL@[ÎÈL 9.8 @KXKMQLCQEGKMPL @KXKMQLCQEGKMPL 9.0 HLMHC[XÈL   2. RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX KMKG 2:29 2.9 LBRIX Y[K QLHÏ ZL@K NLXPIR 2.2 RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX - AECLXLAEI 2.8 RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX - XLHELCLNEI 2.0 RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX - CEPKRIP[RI 2.; RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX - KVPRIX

> 5 9>  22 2>  88 8; ;9 10 >9 >6

 

9   II RK@IÎÈL @L KMKG  ‘

–I prlvi `k rk`iîèl kxeneré `k vlhï i prl`uîèl `k ug tkxtl kg prlsi, `l tepl `esskrtitevl irnugkmtitevl, slbrk ug tkgi `k lr`kg slheic, hekmtçaehi, hucturic lu plcçtehi. Ls ispkhtls i skrkg ivicei`ls rkcihelmig-sk ês hlgpktïmheis quk `kvkg tkr se`l `kskmvlcve`is `urimtk ls imls `k kshlcire`i`k. Mkssi rk`iîèl, vlhï `kvkré `kakm`kr ugi tksk ‘ ugi lpemeèl i rkspketl `l tkgi prlplstl ‘ , iplei`i kg irnugk irnugkmtls mtls hlmsestkmtk hlmsestkmtks, s, kstruturi kstruturi`ls `ls hlg hlkrïmhei k hlksèl, alrgim`l ugi ume`i`k tkxtuic. Xku tkxtl `kvkré skr rk`ene`l `k ihlr`l hlg i gl`ice`i`k kshreti alrgic `i cçmnui plrtunuksi. Qlhï tigbåg `kvkr é̉ kciblrir ugi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl slheic piri l prlbckgi iprkskmti`l ml `kskmvlcvegkmtl `kskmvlcvegkmtl `l tkxtl quk rkspketk ls `erketls fugimls.‗  

Zregkerigkmtk, å aum`igkmtic hlgprkkm`kr i egplrtâmhei `i rk`iîèl mi sui iprlviîèl. Hlgl sibkgls, l KMKG (Kxigk Mihelmic `l Kmseml Gå`el) hlgpûk `k 0 érkis `l hlmfkhegkmtl kg prlvis lboktevis gies i prlvi `k rk`iîèl `l gl`kcl `esskrtitevl-irnugkmtitevl hlg prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl. I plmtuiîèl `i prlvi `k rk`iîèl å gk`e`i `k : i 9::: plmtls k å `eve`e`i kg ; hlgpktïmheis, quk hlgkmtirkgls slbrk hi`i ugi clnl ibiexl. Ls hlrrktlrks rksplmsévkes pkci itrebueîèl `is mltis `l kxigk pl`kg plmtuir `k 0: kg 0: plmtls, rksuctim`l kg plmtuiîûks pi`rlmezi`is `k 9:::, 51:, 52:, 66: k isseg suhkssevigkmtk. Xui rk`iîèl pissiré plr pkcl gkmls `les hlrrktlrks k, hisl is mltis plssuig ugi pkqukmi `eshrkpâmhei, sui mlti skré i gå`ei iretgåtehi `is `uis, hlgl ugi mlti 50: rksucti`i `k ug 52: `k ug hlrrktlr k 51: `k lutrl. Mkssk hisl, piri ls hursls hlmhlrre`ls, i `eakrkmîi `i mlti `k rk`iîèl å `khesevi k aum`igkmtic piri itemner i iprlviîèl, plrtimtl tlgk hue`i`l k mèl `kexk `k pritehir. Ziri sk tkr mlîèl, hisl ug icuml V k lutrl U tkmfig hlmsknue`l i gksgi plmtuiîèl mis lutris érkis `l hlmfkhegkmtl, gis V terlu 52: mi rk`iîèl kmquimtl U rkhkbku 51:, i `eakrkmîi aemic mis mltis skré `k 6 plmtls, l quk pl`k skr `khesevl mi iprlviîèl `k ipkmis ug `ls icumls, premhepicgkmtk sk i `esputi alr piri ugi vini ml hursl `k gk`ehemi, kg quk `åhegls aizkg i `eakrkmîi. Icåg `essl, guetis umevkrse`i`ks rkmlgi`is, hlgl [ARO, A[RN, [AGX, [AZR k [AXH, viclrezig i mlti `k rk`iîèl hlg pksls kspkhçaehls, l quk pl`k skr `khesevl mi flri `k hlmhlrrkr i ugi vini ml XeX[.

 

 

Hlgl å emalrgi`l mi hirtecfi `k rk`iîèl gies rkhkmtk, l tkgi `k rk`iîèl å skgprk vlcti`l piri ispkhtls `k lr`kg slheic, hekmtçaehi, hucturic lu plcçtehi. Kg 2:96 prkskmheigls ugi kvlcuîèl `l `kticfigkmtl `ls tkgis iprkskmti`ls, vestl quk l pregkerl tkgi ipcehi`l ale –Gimepuciîèl `l hlgplrtigkmtl `l usuérel pkcl hlmtrlck `k `i`ls mi emtkrmkt‗ k, kg sknue`i, piri i sknum`i ipcehiîèl –Alrgis `k lrnimeziîèl `i slhek`i`k piri l kmarkmtigkmtl `k prlbckgis khlmðgehls ml Brisec‗.

I lr`kg slheic ipirkmti tlgir ugi plseîèl guetl gies egplrtimtk piri is mlvis `erktrezks `l kxigk, itå gksgl plr qukstelmir ls kstu`imtks slbrk i gimepuciîèl `l hlgplrtigkmtl plr iîûks emskre`is `eireigkmtk ml gum`l `enetic k plr kxener ugi vesèl kxtrkgigkmtk hrçtehi k igpci piri ce`ir hlg prlbckgis khlmðgehls plr gkel `k lrnimeziîûks `i prøprei slhek`i`k. Ml kmtimtl, mèl pl`kgls ipkmis enmlrir is lutris plssebece`i`ks, premhepicgkmtk pkci trimseîèl `k nlvkrml quk pl`k ihirrktir kg gu`imîis emhcusevk ml KMKG 2:95. Ziri hi`i ug `ls ispkhtls skré cesti`l mkstk gitkreic rkakrïmheis cetkréreis, aeclsøaehis, slhelcønehis k lutris alrgis `k ‖slbrkvevkr― i

quicqukr ug `kssks tkgis, emhcuem`l ceîûks åtehis k glries quk mlrgicgkmtk sèl qukstelmi`is mls vkstebucirks gies rkhkmtks. Icåg `l gies, å egplrtimtk sk itkmtir ê gl`ice`i`k kxene`i ml kxigk? `esskrtitevlirnugkmtitevl. Guetls kstu`imtks pkhig mkssk `kticfk, ugi vkz quk kmtrknig tkxtls hirrkni`ls `k emalrgiîûks k `i`ls kstitçstehls pluhl `kticfi`ls lu irnugkmti`ls, l quk pl`k ckvir i nrim`ks quk`is mis hlgpktïmheis 2 k 8, quk hlgkmtirkgls clnl ibiexl. @kssi gimkeri, å egplrtimtk sk itkmtir ês rknris nrigitehies k ils tkrgls `i mlrgi hucti pi`rèl utecezi`i mls tkxtls, itå gksgl piri kvetir `ksvels nrivks `k vçrnucis, hrisks lu `k krrls quk pl`kg skr kveti`ls piri itemner i plmtuiîèl géxegi mi hlgpktïmhei 9. Ziri aemicezir i iprkskmtiîèl, l KMKG tigbåg kxenk, itrivås `i hlgpktïmhei ;, ugi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl `kticfi`i quk glstrk ils hlrrktlrks il gkmls ug inkmtk ink mtk quk plssi, plr gkel `k iîûks plssçvkes, slcuhelmir lu pkcl gkmls igkmezir i prlbckgétehi iblr`i`i `urimtk tl`l l tkxtl. Å `k kxtrkgi kxtrk gi egplrtâmhei ug hue`i`l hlg l aemic `l sku tkxtl, emhcusevk hlg ugi rkskrvi `k cemfis gçmegis piri l pirénrial `k hlmhcusèl, itå gksgl plrquk l aemic `l tkxtl pl`k skr sui –hkrkoi `l blcl‗ k i lplrtume`i`k pkraketi

piri hiusir ugi øtegi egprkssèl, icåg `k akhfir ug hehcl irnugkmtitevl hlmsestkmtk k pcimkoi`l.

 

9.9   IX IX HLGZKPÏMHEIX 

 

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Hlgpktïmhei 9? @kglmstrir `lgçmel `i gl`ice`i`k kshreti alrgic `i cçmnui plrtunuksi. I pregkeri hlgpktïmhei pl`k skr i gies kxenkmtk, gis tigbåg i gies mkhkssérei. Mèl sk prklhupk, fé ugi hkrti tlckrâmhei `k krrls piri quk vlhï hlmseni 2:: plmtls, kmtèl ug lu lutrl `ksvel mèl hiusiré, mkhkssireigkmtk, ugi pumeîèl `k 0: plmtls. Kssi hlgpktïmhei iviceiré sk vlhï `lgemi lu mèl i gl`ice`i`k kshreti alrgic `i cçmnui plrtunuksi, lbskrvim`l tl`ls ls `ksvels nrigitehies prkskmtks ml tkxtl. Xknum`l l Gemestårel `i K`uhiîèl, ls premhepies tøpehls lbskrvi`ls plr kssi hlgpktïmhei sèl?   Hlmvkmîûks `i kshreti? ihkmtuiîèl, lrtlnriaei, skpiriîèl secébehi, usl `l fçakm k

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usl `k cktris gieÿshucis k gemÿshucis.   Nrigitehies? hlmhlr`âmhei vkrbic k mlgemic, ackxèl `k mlgks k vkrbls,

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plmtuiîèl, pirickcesgl. rknïmhei vkrbic k mlgemic, hlclhiîèl prlmlgemic, plmtuiîèl k   Kshlcfi `k rknestrl? i`kquiîèl ê gl`ice`i`k kshreti alrgic, estl å, iusïmhei `k usl `k rknestrl emalrgic k/lu `k girhis `k lrice`i`k.   Kshlcfi vlhibucir? kgprknl `k vlhibucérel prkhesl, l quk senmeaehi quk is picivris skckhelmi`is sèl usi`is kg sku skmte`l hlrrktl k sèl iprlprei`is piri l tkxtl.

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Zlrtimtl, å mkhkssérel quk l icuml sk itkmtk ês rknris nrigitehies. [g `ls gielrks prlbckgis quk kmhlmtrl kg tkxtls `kstk gl`kcl KMKG å l usl emi`kqui`l `k ver vernucis, nucis, itå gksgl pkcl `kshlmfkhegkmtl `i egplrtâmhei `l usl piri hlmstruer skmte`l kg skmtkmîis. L icuml prkhesi tlgir hue`i`l hlg ls pkrçl`ls premhepies (quk hlgpûkg i pirtk ksskmheic `l tkxtl) k hlmsknuer skpirir is emalrgiîûks kxtris plr vçrnucis. Å prkhesl hue`i`l tigbåg hlg i hlmhlr`âmhei vkrbic k mlgemic. Ls hlrrktlrks pl`kg `kshlmtir plmtls sk fluvkr icnug kxinkrl `k pirickcesgls k hlclhiîûks prlmlgemies emi`kqui`is ‐ k essl sø skré kveti`l hlgpcktigkmtk hlg i prétehi. Clnl, l trkemigkmtl tr kemigkmtl `k rk`iîûks å aum`igkmtic piri quk ls krrls skoig gçmegls itå i `iti `l kxigk. Itkmtk-sk ils `ksvels gies hlgums kg rk`iîûks piri vkstebucirks?   –i hkrhi `k‗ k –ihkrhi `k‗4 

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  –i aeg‗ k –iaeg‗4 

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  –rkteaehir‗ k –riteaehir‗4 

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  –sk mèl‗ k –skmèl‗4 

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  –ê gk`e`i quk‗ k –mi gk`e`i kg quk‗4 

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  –il kmhlmtrl `k‗ k –`k kmhlmtrl i‗4 

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  –slb‗ k –slbrk‗4 

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  –il kmhlmtrl `k‗ k –`k kmhlmtrl i‗4 

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  –`kshregemice –`kshregemicezir‗ zir‗ k –`eshregemi –`eshregemir‗4 r‗4 

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  –plr vkmturi‗ k –plrvkmt –plrvkmturi‗. uri‗. 

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Hlgpktïmhei 2? Hlgprkkm`kr i prlplsti `k rk`iîèl k ipcehir hlmhketls `is véreis érkis `k hlmfkhegkmtl piri `kskmvlcvkr l tkgi, `kmtrl `ls cegetks kstruturies `l tkxtl `esskrtitevlirnugkmtitevl kg prlsi. I sknum`i hlgpktïmhei ivicei i hlgprkkmsèl `l kstu`imtk slbrk l quk å, `k aitl, ug tkxtl `esskrtitevl-irnugkmtitevl. L gielr prlbckgi `ls icumls å kmhlmtri`l ml tribicfl `k sku tkxtl skr irnugkmtitevl il emvås `k kxplsetevl. Xk sui rk`iîèl plssuer emalrgiîûks, rkhursls irnugkmtitevls k lrnimeziîèl tkgétehi, gis iprkskmtir ug hirétkr kxplsetevl, skg issuger hcirigkmtk ug plmtl `k vesti, i plmtuiîèl `kssi hlgpktïmhei mèl skré géxegi. Ziri slcuhelmir kvkmtuies prlbckgis hlg kssi hlgpktïmhei, quk pl`k skr ugi `is gies hlgpckxis, å prkhesl tlgir icnums hue`i`ls. I premhçpel, å kxtrkgigkmtk rkhlgkm`i`l r khlgkm`i`l quk vlhï ckei ls tkxtls gltevi`lrks k kmtkm`i pkraketigkmtk l quk i bimhi qukr quk vlhï `eshuti ml tkgi. Guetls icumls tevkrig kssk prlbckgi `urimtk l KMKG 2:96, vestl quk enmlririg is emalrgiîûks slbrk icnlretgls `i hlcktâmki k ihibirig timnkmheim`l l tkgi. Icåg `essl, l icuml mèl pl`k sk cegetir ipkmis ils `i`ls k ês emalrgiîûks alrmkhe`is pkci hlcktâmki, skm`l `k kxtrkgi egplrtâmhei l usl hlkrkmtk `k emalrgiîûks kxtris, hlgl i uteceziîèl `k almtks aeclsøaehis k slhelcønehis. Ziri rkslcvkr kssk egpissk, ls ÿctegls tøpehls `kstk gitkreic hlmtåg rkpkrtørels prl`utevls kxtrkgigkmtk ÿtkes piri `evkrsls tkgis. Icåg `l gies, l icuml quk hlpeir emtknricgkmtk emalrgiîûks `i hlcktâmki tkré l tkxtl pkmicezi`l, plrtimtl hue`i`l. L gies egplrtimtk piri tlrmir sku tkxtl irnugkmtitevl å glstrir sui lpemeèl slbrk is emalrgiîûks iprkskmti`is. Hretehir k kmictkhkr prlbckgis quk `kvkg `k vkg skr rkslcve`ls sèl suis aumîûks mi rk`iîèl `l KMKG, kmtèl mèl gkîi pkrçl`ls hlg ipkmis `i`ls kstitçstehls lu hetiîûks vizeis, å prkhesl glstrir ils hlrrktlrks sku plsehelmigkmtl k quies is rkciîûks kmtrk ls `i`ls glstri`ls hlg l tkgi premhepic, skgprk hlg kxtrkgl hue`i`l piri mèl timnkmheir l issumtl.

 

 

Hlgpktïmhei 8? Xkckhelmir, rkcihelmir, lrnimezir k emtkrprktir emalrgiîûks, aitls, lpemeûks k irnugkmtls kg `kaksi `k ug plmtl `k vesti. Ziri l alrgitl `i rk`iîèl `l KMKG, l sku tkxtl skré `eve`e`l kg quitrl pirénrials? ugi emtrl`uîèl, `les `kskmvlcvegkmtls k ugi hlmhcusèl. Å guetl egplrtimtk quk l tkxtl kstkoi `eve`e`l k lrnimezi`l lr nimezi`l kg pirénrials `kssi alrgi piri quk i Hlgpktïmhei 8 tkmfi sui plmtuiîèl géxegi. @i gksgi alrgi quk i tkrhkeri hlgpktïmhei pk`k quk l icuml skckhelmk, rkcihelmk, lrnimezk k emtkrprktk is emalrgiîûks, e malrgiîûks, l kstu`imtk prkhesi glstrir il hlrrktlr quk tl`l l hlrpl tkxtuic ale pcimkoi`l k quk tl`i i `esplseîèl tkxtuic kstkoi kg hlmslmâmhei hlg is e`keis prkveigkmtk glmti`is. Isseg, å egplrtimtk quk l him`e`itl glmtk mi emtrl`uîèl suis aumîûks gies egplrtimtks `k alrgi hciri piri quk, plr gkel `ls `les pirénrials `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl, i tksk iprkskmti`i ml emçhel `l tkxtl skoi hlgkmti`i k irnugkmti`i, akhfim`l l hehcl hlg ugi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl hlkrkmtk hlg tu`l l quk ale iprkskmti`l. Icåg `l gies, mèl bisti utecezir hetiîûks lu irnugkmtls `k iutlre`i`k ml tkxtl. Å prkhesl kxpcehir k rkcihelmir gemuhelsigkmtk is emalrgiîûks iprkskmti`is hlg l tkgi, kvetim`l tl`ls ls `ksvels tkgétehls plssçvkes. Plgk hue`i`l hlg is picivris-hfivk `l tkgi, ples kcis `erkhelmirèl slbrk l quk vlhï `kvk kshrkvkr kg érkis bkg b kg kspkhçaehis. @kssi alrgi, hisl qukeri hlmakrer sk sku tkxtl ksté bkg irtehuci`l, prkstk itkmîèl mi rkciîèl `k skmte`l kmtrk is pirtks `l tkxtl, lu skoi, vkoi sk ksté hlkrkmtk. Itkm`kr is kxpkhtitevis `l cketlr å guetl egplrtimtk, clnl å aum`igkmtic iblr`ir slbrk tu`l quk ale gkmhelmi`l mi sui tksk, kvetim`l plssçvkes arustriîûks k `ksvels tkgétehls. Kmaeg, l gies egplrtimtk å nkrir ugi hlgprkkmsèl nkric `l hlrpl tkxtuic, tlgim`l ls `kve`ls hue`i`ls. Zlrtimtl, sknum`l l Gemestårel `i K`uhiîèl, piri quk l icuml hlmseni ls 2:: plmtls mkssi hlgpktïmhei å aum`igkmtic quk vlhï?   Iprkskmtk ugi tksk hciri k hlg skckîèl `k irnugkmtls quk i sustkmtig4

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  Iprkskmtk ug kmhi`kigkmtl `is e`keis, `k gl`l quk hi`i pirénrial iprkskmtk

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emalrgiîûks hlkrkmtks hlg l quk ale iprkskmti`l iprk skmti`l imtkrelrgkmtk, skg rkpkteîûks lu sictls tkgétehls4

 

 

  Glstrk `kskmvlcvegkmtl `kssis e`keis plr gkel `i kxpcehetiîèl, kxpcehiîèl lu

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kxkgpceaehiîèl `is emalrgiîûks, aitls k lpemeûks, `k gl`l i ousteaehir, piri l cketlr, l plmtl `k vesti kshlcfe`l.

 

 

Hlgpktïmhei 0? @kglmstrir hlmfkhegkmtl `ls gkhimesgls cemnuçstehls mkhkssérels piri i hlmstruîèl `i irnugkmtiîèl. Mèl fé sknrk`l mi Hlgpktïmhei 0? sku tkxtl prkhesi kstir hlmkhti`l k irtehuci`l hlg l usl hlrrktl `is picivris. Ziri essl, å rkhlgkm`i`l quk i nrim`k gielrei `ls pkrçl`ls k `ls emçhels `k pirénrial (gkmls mi emtrl`uîèl) kstkoig ceni`ls plr hlmkhtlrks, quk sèl prkplseîûks, prlmlgks rkcitevls, hlmoumîûks k icnums i`vårbels k clhuîûks i`vkrbeies. Icåg `essl, kssi hlgpktïmhei rkqukr hue`i`l hlg rkpkteîûks `k picivris, emhcuem`l ls hlmkhtevls heti`ls ihegi. Å guetl egplrtimtk quk l icuml `lgemk semðmegls k tkrgls skgkcfimtks quk plssig glstrir il hlrrktlr ugi requkzi vlhibucir k rkciîûks cønehis `k rihelhçmel. Isseg, i hlgpktïmhei 0 ksté emtkrceni`i ê hlgpktïmhei 9, vestl quk l hue`i`l hlg picivris k tkrgls tigbåg å ivicei`l, icåg `k skr `k kxtrkgi egplrtâmhei i uteceziîèl `k gkhimesgls cemnuçstehls piri i hlkrïmhei `k e`keis.

Zrlhurk vireir usl `k kckgkmtls hlmkhtevls quksku vlhï prkhesi sibkr? hlksls emtri k emtkrpirénrials. Hlmaeri ls premhepies

ZRELRE@I@K, RKCKQÂMHEI   Kg pregkerl cunir, preglr`eicgkmtk, imtks `k gies mi`i, slbrktu`l, ihegi `k tu`l, pregkerigkmtk, prkhepuigkmtk, premhepicgkmtk, 'i prelre'

PKGZL Kmtèl, clnl, egk`eitigkmtk, kmaeg, i premhçpel, seguctimkigkmtk, flok, ituicgkmtk, arkqukmtkgkmtk, hlmstimtkgkmtk, ês vkzks, kvkmtuicgkmtk, lhiselmicgkmtk, plr vkzks, skgprk, mèl rirl, ririgkmtk, kmquimtl, quim`l, qui m`l, imtks quk, clnl quk

XKGKCFIMÎI, HLGZIRIÎÈL, HLMALRGE@I@K @i gksgi alrgi, enuicgkmtk, isseg tigbåg, `l gksgl gl`l, sknum`l, `k ihlr`l hlg, hlmalrgk, skgkcfimtkgkmtk, tic quic, timtl quimtl, isseg hlgl, bkg hlgl

HLM@EÎÈL, FEZØPKXK Xk, kvkmtuicgkmtk, hisl

RKXXICQI, HLMHKXXEQI Kgblri, ipksir `k, iem`i quk, gksgl quk, plstl quk, plstl, hlmquimtl, plr gies quk, il pissl quk

 I@EÎÈL, HLMPEM[IÎÈL  

 

Zlr lutrl ci`l, tigbåg, k, mkg, mèl sø ... gis tigbåg, mèl sø ... hlgl tigbåg, mèl sø ... bkg hlgl, lutrlsseg, iem`i gies

@ßQE@I Picvkz, prlvivkcgkmtk plssevkcgkmtk, queîé, qukg sibk, mèl å hkrtl, sk å quk

ZRLZØXEPL, EMPKMÎÈL, AEMICE@I@K Hlg l emtuetl `k, piri quk, i aeg `k quk, i aeg `k, hlg l aeg `k, hlg l prlpøsetl `k, piri, hlgl, i aeg `k quk

EC[XPRIÎÈL, KXHCIRKHEGKMPL Zlr kxkgpcl, estl å, qukr `ezkr, kg lutris picivris, iceés, lu skoi

 I@QKRXIPEQL Gis, plråg, hlmtu`l, tl`ivei, kmtrktimtl, ml kmtimtl, mèl lbstimtk4

RKX[GL, RKHIZEP[CIÎÈL, HLMHC[XÈL Kg sçmtksk, kg hlmhcusèl, kg sugi, kmaeg, kma eg, plrtimtl, isseg, `kssi gimkeri, `kssk gl`l, `kssi alrgi, clnl, isseg skm`l, `kssirtk, `kstirtk

HKRPK_I, ÏMAIXK Em`ubetivkcgkmtk, hkrtigkmtk, plr hkrtl, `k hkrtl, skg `ÿve`i

HI[XI K HLMXKY[ÏMHEI Zlr hlmskquïmhei, plr hlmsknuemtk, hlgl rksucti`l, plr essl, plr hiusi `k, kg vertu`k `k, isseg, `k aitl, hlg kaketl, ugi vkz quk, vestl quk, `k tic alrgi quk, fioi vesti, plrtimtl, clnl

HLMPRIXPK, LZLXEÎÈL, RKXPREÎÈL Zkcl hlmtrérel, kg hlmtristk hlg, sicvl, kxhktl, gkmls, gis, hlmtu`l, tl`ivei, kmtrktimtl, ml kmtimtl

 

 

Hlgpktïmhei ;? Kciblrir prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl piri l prlbckgi iblr`i`l quk rkspketk ls `erketls fugimls. Ziri hlmsknuer 2:: plmtls mi hlgpktïmhei ;, å mkhkssérel quk l icuml sk itkmtk ils kckgkmtls ksskmheies piri kshrkvkr ugi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl hlgpckti? inkmtk, iîèl, gkel/gl`l, kaketl k `kticfigkmtl. Mi gemfi vesèl å ugi `is alrgis gies aéhkes `k nimfir plmtls mi rk`iîèl, itå gksgl pkcl alrgitl pi`rlmezi`l quk i hlmhcusèl sk tlrmi. Hisl sui prklhupiîèl skoi hlg kssi hlgpktïmhei kg kspkhçaehl, aequk trimquecl, ples fé `ehis pissl i pissl mi skssèl ibiexl slbrk ls tøpehls gies egplrtimtks `i hlmhcusèl, quk nirimtkg ls ÿctegls 2:: plmtls `i rk`iîèl.

 

9.2 - EMPRL@[ÎÈL

 

[g `ls gielrks prlbckgis `ls icumls å hlgl emeheir l tkxtl `l KMKG. I emtrl`uîèl å vesti hlgl ugi ‖rkhkpîèl― `l kstu`imtk piri l hlrrktlr, glstrim`l clnl `k hiri sk kck

ksté prkpiri`l, lu mèl, piri rkhkbkr ugi bli mlti. Hlgl mèl fé ugi hlgpktïmhei kspkhçaehi piri kstk pirénrial, hlgl fé ml `kskmvlcvegkmtl hlg is hlgpktïmheis 2 k 8 k mi hlmhcusèl hlg i hlgpktïmhei ;, ku rkhlgkm`l quk vlhï mèl nistk guetis cemfis `l sku tkxtl clnl `k hiri. Ziri timtl, l gies rkhlgkm`i`l å `k 0 ê > cemfis, skgprk tlgim`l hue`i`l hlg l gl`kcl kxene`l k kvetim`l pkrçl`ls clmnls `kgies il emeheir. Å egplrtimtk gkmhelmir quk ug pregkerl pirénrial kxkgpcir å hlgplstl `k `uis emalrgiîûks aum`igkmties? l quk vlhï vï k l quk vlhï pkmsi. Qkoi bkg?

L quk vlhï vï? å rkhlgkm`i`l quk vlhï glstrk ugi vesèl rkcihelmi`i ê tkgétehi i premhçpel, hlg aitls lu hlgpiriîûks i`gessçvkes. Xui premhepic aumîèl ique å hlmtkxtuicezir i prlplsti `k alrgi segpcks k quk plssi skr kmtkm`e`i plr quicqukr hlrrktlr. I kve`ïmhei `i rkckvâmhei k `i ituice`i`k tkgi å egplrtimtk, itå gksgl piri glstrir ripe`igkmtk hlgl vlhï ksté imtkmi`l`l slbrk l issumtl. Fé `evkrsis kstritåneis piri hlmtkxtuiceziîèl quk pl`kg skr utecezi`is, hibkm`l il kstu`imtk i kshlcfi `k quic ‖bininkg― å i gkcflr kshlcfi piri hi`i tkgétehi.   Bisk festørehi? ls ciîls kmtrk prkskmtk k pissi`l sèl kve`kmtks kg emÿgkris

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iblr`inkms tkgétehis `i mlssi festørei. Å ugi `is alrgis gies hlgums k kaehekmtks `k sk hlgkîir ug tkxtl, premhepicgkmtk pr emhepicgkmtk sk sku hlmfkhegkmtl festørehl k hucturic plssui vkrtkmtks prl`utevis piri tlrmir l hlmtkÿ`l prlvketlsl k rkcihelmi`l ils tkgis prlplstls. Qkoi ug kxkgpcl?

PKGI? i IE@X kg qukstèl ml Brisec –Mi `åhi`i `k 5:, Hizuzi k Rkmitl Russl, rkmlgi`ls hlgplsetlrks ml higpl hucturic `i åplhi, glrrkrig pkci hlmtigemiîèl `l vçrus `i IE@X. Hlmtu`l, gksgl hlg l ihkssl ê emalrgiîèl igpcei`l pkcls pkcls rkhursls `eneties mls `eis ituies, i hirïmhei `k iblr`inkms iblr`inkms slb slbrk rk l FEQ ml Brisec rkacktk kg ugi slhek`i`k kg rktrlhkssl mi qukstèl `i siÿ`k fugimi k ml

inrivigkmtl `k hlmtigemiîûks `kstk vçrus cktic.‗   Zkrhkbi quk il lakrkhkr ug hlgpiritevl kmtrk i `åhi`i `k 5:, quim`l fluvk l surtl `i IE@X, hlg ls `eis ituies, fé ugi hrçtehi egpcçheti slbrk i aicti `k hue`i`ls hlg i prkvkmîèl `i `esskgemiîèl `l vçrus. Hlg essl, kssi emtrl`uîèl lakrkhk il hlrrktlr ugi  

 

e`kei `l quk skré iblr`i`l ml tkxtl, premhepicgkmtk pkcls rkhursls `eneties k pkcl rktrlhkssl mi qukstèl `i siÿ`k briseckeri, br iseckeri, hugprem`l sui aumîèl `k hlmtkxtuiceziîèl k `k tksk prlpreigkmtk `eti. Ziri i uteceziîèl `k bisks festørehis, å emtkrkssimtk quk l kstu`imtk tkmfi hlmsheïmhei `k utecezir emalrgiîûks rkckvimtks k vkrç`ehis, ples mèl triré l gksgl kaketl ils hlrrktlrks hisl l aitl festørehl skoi pluquçssegl hlmfkhe`l lu `k hirétkr `uve`lsl. Pigbåg å hlmse`krévkc hlgpiriîûks `k piri`engis iem`i mèl ictkri`ls, hlgl utecezir i Rkvlcti `i Qihemi, quk lhlrrku kg 95:0, piri hlgpirir qukstûks rkcihelmi`is ê vihemiîèl lu ê siÿ`k pÿbcehi ituicgkmtk.   Rkakrïmheis hucturies? ug `ls gåtl`ls aivlretls `ls icumls, is rkakrïmheis

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hucturies ibrimnkg emÿgkrls ispkhtls slhelhucturies `l Brisec k `l gum`l, skm`l plssçvkc rkcihelmir i gÿsehi, ve`klnigks, cevrls, aecgks, såreks, irtk k `evkrsis lutris gimeakstiîûks hucturies. Å prkhesl hue`i`l hue `i`l piri mèl hreir rkciîûks pluhl ceni`is il tkgi, plr essl å aum`igkmtic quk fioi ugi plmtk kmtrk l quk ale heti`l k l tkgi prlpreigkmtk `etl, i aeg `k kvetir plssçvkes hlmtriplseîûks `l tkxtl.

PKGI? I vlcti `k `lkmîis krri`ehi`is ml Brisec  Brisec  –Zubcehi`i ml aemic `l såhucl VEV, i lbri Gkgøreis Zøstugis `k Brés Hubis, `k Gihfi`l `k  Isses, rktritlu ug `ls iglrks iglrks `l `kaumtl iutlr, Mfè-Clcø, glrti il hlmtrier akbrk akbrk igirkci. Hlmtu`l, mèl `estimtk `kssi setuiîèl, i vlcti `k surtls k glrtks plr emakhîûks hlmse`kri`is krri`ehi`is ml Brisec tlrmlu is gimhfktks mi ituice`i`k, prlvlhi`ls pkci `ksemalrgiîèl k  pkcl `kshisl plpucihelmi plpucihelmic,c, icåg `i iusïmhei `k gkels plcçtehl-slheies emtkrvkmt emtkrvkmtlrks lrks mi

slhek`i`k ituic.‗   Hlgl i nri`k `k hlrrktlrks `k rk`iîèl plssue nri`uiîûks kg érkis `i cçmnui plrtunuksi, l usl`k `k Isses rkakrïmheis hucturies ml higpl cetkrérel skgprk sèl bkg vem`is. L usl `k Gihfi`l piri rkcihelmir i ug tkgi, plr gkel `k suis pkrslminkms skgprk bkg tribicfi`is ml higpl psehlcønehl, pl`k skr ugi øtegi alrgi `k emtrl`uzer l cketlr il sku tkxtl i aeg `k nkrir ugi øtegi pregkeri egprkssèl.   Gktéalris lu hlgpiriîûks? kssi kstritånei pl`k hlmsuger gies cemfis quk l

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mlrgic, vestl quk å mkhkssérei ugi kxpcehiîèl gielr k ugi hlrrkciîèl `k e`keis gies hlmsestkmtk piri quk is gktéalris mèl aequkg –slctis‗ mi emtrl`uîèl. I e`kei

å prlplr rkciîûks aeclsøaehis lu cetkréreis hlg l tkgi iblr`i`l, hibkm`l il icuml ugi icusèl hue`i`lsi k quk `kglmstrk hlmfkhegkmtl slbrk i érki. [g øtegl kxkgpcl `essl å utecezir Hircls @rugglm` `k Im`ri`k, hlg gktéalris slbrk i pk`ri ml gkel `l higemfl, lu Gimukc Bim`keri, hlg sku plkgi –Qlu -gk kgblri pri Zisérni`i‗, plr kxkgpcl. 

 

 

PKGI? L `ksiael `i icegkmtiîèl siu`évkc mi prkvkmîèl `k `lkmîis –Il imicesir i prlaum`e`i`k `l glvegkmtl cetkrérel gl`krmesti briseckerl, Hkhçcei Gkerkcks  nimflu `kstiquk hlg suis imécesks gktiaørehis `i kakgkre`i`k `l tkgpl mis hlmoumturi hlmoumturiss hlmtkgplrâmkis `l flgkg. Mèl `estimtk `kssi lbskrviîèl, i prklhupiîèl `i slhek`i`k ituic hlg l auturl kg `ktregkmtl `l pissinkerl prkskmtk hlrrlblri ug nrim`k `ksiael ml quk timnk ê icegkmtiîèl, ugi vkz quk mèl fé emvkstegkmtls prkvkmtevls k i slhek`i`k hirkhk `k iîûks plcçtehl-slheies hipizks `k kvetir l `kskmvlcvegkmtl `k `lkmîis nkri`is pkcls

fébetls `ksrknuci`ls.‗   Hkhçcei Gkerkcks, qukre`i pkci gielrei `l higpl cetkrérel briseckerl, å ugi slcuîèl emtkrkssimtk piri ls icumls quk prkhesig `k e`keis piri tkgis rkcihelmi`ls il tkgpl. Xkus plkgis glstrig i hlgl l tkgpl å kaïgkrl, lu skoi, pissinkerl. Clnl, rkcihelmir i ve`i gl`krmi k i aiglsi –aicti `k tkgpl‗ `l flgkg hlmtkgplrâmkl hlg is lbris `i

kshretlri pl`k skr ugi øtegi ictkrmitevi piri emeheir ug tkxtl. ◌

  Hlmhketuiîèl lu `kaemeîèl? i hlmhketuiîèl lu `kaemeîèl å utecezi`i mlrgicgkmtk

piri `kshrkvkr l senmeaehi`l `k ugi picivri-hfivk lu tkrgls hlgplstls gkmhelmi`ls ml tkgi `l tkxtl. Hlgl å pritehigkmtk egplssçvkc rkckgbrir ls tkrgls kxitls `l `ehelmérel, l icuml pl`k `kaemer hlg suis prøpreis picivris, `k alrgi quk aequk bkg rk`ene`l, lu utecezir is prøpreis emalrgiîûks `k `kaemeîèl `i hlcktâmki, plråg tlgim`l kxtrkgl hue`i`l piri mèl hlpeir i hlcktâmki ples fé pkmiceziîèl piri kssk hisl.

PKGI? l `eckgi `i mlglalbei ml Brisec –Mlglalbei å i albei hiusi`i pkcl `kshlmalrtl lu imnÿstei rksuctimtk `i emhipihe`i`k `k ihkssl ê hlgumehiîèl itrivås `k ipirkcfls hkcucirks lu hlgputi`lrks. @kssi alrgi, kg ug hlmtkxtl mlglaøbehl ‐ girhi`l pkci `kpkm`ïmhei kxhkssevi `k ipirkcfls kcktrðmehls ‐ , i slhek`i`k hirkhk `k emtkrvkmîûks emtkrvkmîûks i aeg `k `kshlmstruer l vçhel tkhmlcønehl ml såhucl VVE. VVE.‗‗ 

Å plssçvkc hlmhcuer quk, plr skr ug tkrgl pluhl hlmfkhe`l, i iblr`inkg emeheic `k kxpcehir i `kaemeîèl `i picivri-hfivk, mlglalbei, tlrmi l tkxtl hekmtk `i mlve`i`k `i picivri k mi hlmtkxtuiceziîèl `erkti `l tkrgl. Gksgl hlg lutris alrgis `k hlmtkxtuiceziîèl slbrk kssk tkgi, hlgl i hlgpiriîèl hlg såreks `k tkckvesèl lu cecevrls vrls `estøpehls, i uteceziîèl `kssi kstritånei iem`i å rkckvimtk k ug `eakrkmheic piri ls icumls quk `lgemig i kshreti pi`rèl.

 

 

  Arisks lu picivris mlgemies (lu  acisfks  acisfks))? kssi kstritånei pl`k skr ugi `is

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gies emtkrkssimtks hisl sku lboktevl skoi emlvir, plråg tlgk hue`i`l. L kaketl pl`k skr kxtrkgigkmtk plsetevl, gis sk usi`l skg gk`eiîûks k itkmîèl, pl`k nkrir ug kaketl tlticgkmtk hlmtrérel il hlrrktlr. Ziri utecezir is arisks lu picivris mlgemies, hlmfkhe`is hlgl – acisfks  acisfks‗, ‗, l icuml prkhesi rkcihelmir tkrgls

quk kstèl `erktigkmtk ceni`ls ê tkgétehi, skpiri`ls plr p lr plmtls lu vçrnucis, quk plssig glstrir i ibrimnïmhei k i egplrtâmhei `l tkgi rktriti`l.

PKGI? i `kpkm`ïmhei quçgehi mi slhek`i`k briseckeri –Échllc. Kmtlrpkhkmtks. Hiakçmi. Pibihl. Emskre`is kg mlssi slhek`i`k, substâmheis quk nkrig `kpkm`ïmhei sèl, guetis vkzks, aihecgkmtk kmhlmtri`is k hlgpri`is plr quicqukr he`i`èl.  Isseg, slgls iprkskmti iprkskmti`ls `ls i ugi pkrspkhtevi emtege`i`lri emtege`i`lri,, quk prkhesi skr krri`ehi`i krri`ehi`i,, hipiz `k `kstruer ciîls aigeceirks k hlrrlgpkr i siÿ`k k i sime`i`k `ls em`evç`uls ml såhucl

 VVE.‗   Mkssk hisl, plr sk tritir `k `kpkm`ïmhei quçgehi `k ugi alrgi gies igpci, il gkmhelmir plr  acisfks  ls prl`utls quk nkrig tic `kpkm`ïmhei, i emtrl`uîèl oé `kglmstri i rkckvâmhei `l tkgi hlg `evkrsis almtks `k vçhels mi slhek`i`k briseckeri, `kskmvlcvkm`l clnl kg sknue`i ugi iblr`inkg hrçtehi k ugi tksk quk `kglmstri emsitesaiîèl k pkmsigkmtl hrçtehl `l icuml slbrk l issumtl.

L quk vlhï pkmsi?

å mlrgicgkmtk l sknum`l lu tkrhkerl pkrçl`l `l

pirénrial. Iprkskmtir i tksk å aum`igkmtic kg ugi rk`iîèl `l KMKG k, piri essl, å egplrtimtk em`ehir i iblr`inkg `i prlplsti, glstrim`l `k alrgi imicçtehi ls irnugkmtls quk vlhï usiré ml `kskmvlcvegkmtl `l tkxtl. Å plssçvkc hetir nkmkrehigkmtk ls irnugkmtls, mlrgicgkmtk `les premhepies, iblr`im`l brkvkgkmtk l higpl slheic, plcçtehl, hucturic, igbekmtic, khlmðgehl lu ksplrtevl, plr kxkgpcl.

PKGI? I egplrtâmhei `ls queclgbls ml Brisec flok –@urimtk l glvegkmtl cetkrérel briseckerl `is `åhi`is `k 2: k 8:, Necbkrtl Arkyrk, iutlr `i lbri Hisi Nrim`k & Xkmzici, kxictlu l getl `i `kglhrihei riheic k hucturic ml Brisec, hlmhcuem`l l e`kic geshenkmi`l k ume`l `is `eakrkmtks hucturis. Hlmtu`l, ml hlmtkxtl briseckerl ituic, l kve`kmtk `ksckexl åtehl nlvkrmigkmtic   k i `ksviclreziîèl `l  pitregðmel hucturic k festørehl `ls queclgbls pkci slhek`i`k `kexi slhek`i`k  `kexi hcirl l kquçvlhl `l

kshretlr k i urnïmhei `k gk`e`is emtkrvkmtlris.‗   Hlgl glstri`l mi pirtk kg mknretl, i tksk ksté `eve`e`i kg `les kexls premhepies quk skrèl iblr`i`ls, hi`i åtehl ug kg uglspirénrial `kk`kskmvlcvegkmtl? pregkerl slbrk l nlvkrml k sku `ksckexl slbrk queclgbls l sknum`l slbrk ilprøprei slhek`i`k  

 

quk `ksviclrezi l pitregðmel hucturic k festørehl `l piçs. Isseg, hlg ug pcimkoigkmtl lrnimezi`l k hlmtkxtuicezi`l, is aumîûks `i emtrl`uîèl sèl hlmhcuç`is k e`kies piri hlmtrebuer hlg i plmtuiîèl géxegi `i hlgpktïmhei 8, quk kmvlcvk i lrnimeziîèl k pcimkoigkmtl tkxtuic.

 

9.8 - @KXKMQLCQEGKMPL

 

L `kskmvlcvegkmtl `i rk`iîèl `l KMKG 2:96 sknueré l pi`rèl `k `les pirénrials kstruturi`ls `k ihlr`l hlg i tksk iprkskmti`i mi emtrl`uîèl. Å egplrtimtk sknuer ugi sårek `k hue`i`ls ples kssi å i pirtk gies egplrtimtk `l tkxtl k å prkhesl hue`i`l piri mèl tlrmé-cl kxplsetevl lu emsuaehekmtk. Isseg, erke `eve`er l `kskmvlcvegkmtl `k hi`i pirénrial kg trïs pirtks? tøpehl arisic, irnugkmtiîèl k aemiceziîèl. Itkmîèl? hisl sku emtkrkssk skoi hlg rkpkrtørels irnugkmtitevls piri i rk`iîèl,

skpirke ugi visti cesti `k rkhursls cetkrérels, aeclsøaehls, slhelcønehls k guetl gies mis prøxegis pénemis.

Pøpehl Arisic? piri hlgkîir hi`i `kskmvlcvegkmtl, å rkhlgkm`i`l quk l icuml rkÿmi mi pregkeri skmtkmîi i e`kei hkmtric `l pirénrial, l hfigi`l tøpehl arisic. I e`kei å bkg segpcks, lakrkhkm`l lrnimeziîèl `k e`keis k pcimkoigkmtl tkxtuic, k pl`k skr kstruturi`i hlg ug irrimol `k plssebece`i`ks?  

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ÅÅ egplrtimtk hlmse`krir4 ksskmheic rkssictir4 Å véce`l pkrhkbkr4 Å aum`igkmtic imicesir4 Å pkrtemkmtk iviceir4 Å prkhesl iplmtir4

@kssi alrgi, å plssçvkc hlgbemir ls tkrgls heti`ls ihegi, rksuctim`l kg 81 alrgis `eakrkmtks `k emeheir ug pirénrial. Pigbåg å rkhlgkm`i`l quk l icuml hlgkhk hi`i pirénrial hlg ug hlmkhtevl, i aeg `k hugprer hlg is kxenïmheis `i hlgpktïmhei 0, kxpcehi`i imtkrelrgkmtk. Ziri l pregkerl pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl, å plssçvkc emeheir hlg –Zregkerigkmtk‗, –Kg pregkerl cunir‗, –@eimtk `kssk hkmérel‗, –I premhçpel‗, –Xlb kssk veås‗, –Kg pregkeri imécesk‗ k –Kg pregkerl pciml‗, plr kxkgpcl. Oé l sknum`l pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl pl`k skr emehei`l hlg kxprkssûks hlgl –Lutrlsseg‗, –Icåg `essl‗, –I`kgies‗, –Kg sknum`l cunir‗, –Kg sknum`i imécesk‗, –Kg sknum`l pciml‗ k –@l gksgl gl`l‗, `k

ihlr`l hlg i hlkrïmhei irnugkmtitevi kshlcfe`i. Hlmaeri ug kxkgpcl?

 

 

PKGI? I qukstèl em`çnkmi k skus `erketls velci`ls ml Brisec –Kg pregkerl cunir, å egplrtimtk imicesir l plsehelmigkmtl `l Ksti`l slbrk kssk piri`engi.  T...W‗ (`kskmvlcvegkmtl 9) –I`kgies, hlmvåg rkssictir l `eckgi hucturic quk alrtickhk i velciîèl `k `erketls em`çnkmis.  T...W‗ (`kskmvlcvegkmtl 2)  Mèl å mkhkssérel hreir hlgbemiîûks `eakrkmtks piri hi`i rk`iîèl quk aezkr, bisti kmhlmtrir ug kstecl `k tøpehl arisic e`kic piri sku kstecl `k tkxtl k, hlg l tkgpl, vlhï `kskmvlcvkré sku prøprel –gl`k –gl`kcl‗. cl‗. 

Irnugkmtiîèl ?

kssi å i pirtk gies hlgpckxi k gies vicelsi piri i

hlgpktïmhei 2 `l KMKG. Zregkerigkmtk erke iprkskmtir quies kstritåneis pl`kg skr utecezi`is kg hi`i pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl lu hlgbemi`is kmtrk ls `les, `kpkm`km`l `l tkgi k `i kxpkreïmhei `l kstu`imtk. Rksuge kg trïs gåtl`ls piri aihecetir i hlgprkkmsèl `k hi`i ug?   Hiusi k hlmskquïmhei? guetl rkhlgkm`i`i, kssi kstritånei å rksuge`i kg

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glstrir l pissi`l k l auturl `l prlbckgi, bushim`l, ml prkskmtk, rkslcvkr i setuiîèl. Zlr kxkgpcl, hisl l tkgi skoi slbrk vçhels tkhmlcønehls mi slhek`i`k hlmtkgplrâmki, ugi imécesk `is hiusis k `is kxpcehiîûks slhelcønehis ml pregkerl `kskmvlcvegkmtl gies ugi rkssicvi `is hlmskquïmheis psehlcønehis rksucti`is `l vçhel pl`kg slcuhelmir skus prlbckgis irnugkmtitevls ripe`igkmtk.   @les kexls prlbckgitezi`lrks? i gies segpcks k gies kaehiz, ka ehiz, kmhlmtrir `les kexls prlbckgitezi`lrks k iblr`ir slbrk hi`i ug kg hi`i pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl å l e`kic i skr sknue`l mls pi`rûks `k tkxtls `l KMKG. Å plssçvkc kmhlmtrir cemfis irnugkmtitevis mls higpls slheic, plcçtehl, hucturic, hekmtçaehl, igbekmtic, psehlcønehl k k`uhitevl, plr kxkgpcl.   @eicåtehl ? l ÿctegl gåtl`l kmtri ml higpl aeclsøaehl k å l gies irreshi`l `k sk usir. L premhçpel aeclsøaehl `k tksk gies imtçtksk nkrim`l ugi sçmtksk pl`k skr utecezi`l mi rk`iîèl, vestl quk l icuml pl`k iblr`ir pregkerigkmtk ls irnugkmtls hlmtrérels i sui lpemeèl k, kg sknue`i, `krrubé-cls hlg emalrgiîûks ema lrgiîûks søce`is k hlmvehtis, nkrim`l ugi sçmtksk hlkrkmtk k firgðmehi kmtrk ls `les plmtls `k vesti, skgprk `kakm`km`l vkkgkmtkgkmtk sui lpemeèl. Å ugi alrgi

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emtkrkssimtk `k hlmtri-irnugkmtiîèl, plråg å prkhesl hue`i`l pkci quimte`i`k `k cemfis cegeti`is lakrkhe`is pkcl kxigk.  

 

Ipøs gkmhelmir slbrk l quk vlhï eré iblr`ir ml pirénrial, å mkhkssérel irnugkmtir k `kakm`kr sku plmtl `k vesti. ve sti. Ziri essl, fé `evkrsis kstritåneis irnugkmtitevis?   Kxpcehiîèl k kxkgpceaehiîèl ? å ugi `is alrgis gies usi`is `k irnugkmtiîèl,

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ticvkz i gies segpcks. Zlr gkel `kci vlhï iprkskmtiré hlgpiriîûks hlg lutrls hlmtkxtls lu itetu`ks, icåg `k kxpcehir sku plmtl `k vesti hlg bisks hlgprlvi`is lu aum`i`i kg kxkgpcls.

PKGI? Ls egpissks `i glbece`i`k urbimi ml Brisec ituic –I`kgies, hlmvåg rkssictir, tigbåg, i iusïmhei `l Ksti`l ml ipreglrigkmtl `l kspiîl urbiml. Isseg, icåg `k mèl emvkster kg hehclveis, hlgl ml Oipèl k ml Himi`é, l trimsplrtk  pÿbcehl, quk `kvkrei skr i slcuîèl piri ls kmnirriaig kmnirriaigkmtls, kmtls, iprkskmti ug ksti`l `k velcïmhei  pkcl ictl çm`ehk `k aurtls, alri i påssegi quice`i`k `k kstruturi k prkîls ibusevls kg sui

gielrei. T...W‗  

Mkssk pirénrial fé ugi urbimi. prlbckgiteziîèl `l Ksti`l briseckerl ml quk timnk prlbckgétehi `i glbece`i`k Hlg ugi hlgpiriîèl kaehiz `k kstruturis urbimisê kmtrk lutrls piçsks `kskmvlcve`ls, i hrçtehi rkhie tigbåg slbrk i alrgi hlgl l trimsplrtk pÿbcehl å rkprkskmti`l ml piçs, hlg ictls çm`ehks `k velcïmhei k hlg ug emhkmtevl em`erktl ês hlgpris `k vkçhucls prøprels, quk cltig k hlmnkstelmig is ruis `ls nrim`ks hkmtrls.   @i`ls kstitçstehls lu tkrgls hekmtçaehls ? å plssçvkc, tigbåg, biskir sui

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irnugkmtiîèl kg emalrgiîûks lakrkhe`is pkcl gkel hekmtçaehl, em`kpkm`kmtk `i érki `k ituiîèl. I gielr pirtk `ls `i`ls pl`krèl skr kmhlmtri`ls, mlrgicgkmtk, kg almtks hlgl l Emstetutl Briseckerl `k Nklnriaei k Kstitçstehi (EBNK), icåg `k lutrls emstetutls `k pksquesi hlgl l EBLZK k itå gksgl umevkrse`i`ks pÿbcehis. Hlmaeri ug kxkgpcl?

PKGI? Ls pkrenls `l ichllcesgl kg qukstèl ml Brisec  Brisec  –I`kgies, hlmvåg rkssictir i `ksemalrgiîèl `ls he`i`èls slbrk ls pkrenls `i `kpkm`ïmhei `l échllc. I pir `essl, kg ug hkmérel `k pøs-vkr`i`k, pøs-vkr`i`k, ihcigi`i picivri `l iml `k 2:91 pkcl `ehelmérel `k Lxalr`, kg quk fé ugi alrtk enmlrâmhei e nmlrâmhei rihelmic rihelmic `i heïmhei k ugi viclreziîèl kxihkrbi`i `k hrkmîis k prkhketls kgpçrehls, i slhek`i`k ituic `ksihrk`eti mi hlmoumturi  aitic trize`i pkcl ichllcesgl, ugi vkz quk ls kaketls sèl kg clmnl prizl k i aicti `k

emalrgiîûks slbrk ls gickaçhels hlmstrøe kssk piri`engi.‗  

 

 

Ziri quiceaehir i irnugkmtiîèl mkssk pirénrial, ug tkrgl hekmtçaehl, mlgki`l `k –pøs vkr`i`k‗, quk ale hcisseaehi`l hlgl picivri `l iml `k 2:91 pkcl `ehelmérel `k Lx alr`, ale

utecezi`l hlgl bisk irnugkmtitevi. Isseg, ipøs kxpcehir l senmeaehi`l k kmhiexé-cl ml tkgi, sui uteceziîèl kmrequkhk i irnugkmtiîèl k aiheceti guetl i prlbckgiteziîèl `i qukstèl iprkskmti`i.   Irnugkmtl `k iutlre`i`k? plr gkel `l irnugkmtl `k iutlre`i`k vlhï pl`k

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kmvlcvkr aecøslals, kshretlrks, slheøclnls k itå gksgl gå`ehls ml kgbisigkmtl `ls skus irnugkmtls. Ml kmtimtl, kvetk utecezir `les pkmsi`lrks `i gksgi érki `k hlmfkhegkmtl ml gksgl tkxtl, oé quk i bimhi kxenk ugi vireiîèl `k kstritåneis, skm`l plssçvkc utecezir ug aecøslal k ug slheøclnl, ug kg hi`i pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl, plr kxkgpcl.

PKGI? Higemfls piri hlgbitkr l prlbckgi `l vçhel ml Brisec –Mkssk veås, hlmslimtk l pkmsi`lr gl`krml Irtfur Xhflpkmfiukr, i fugime`i `k å prlve`i  pkcls `kskols k pkcis igbeîûks, hlrrlblrim`l itetu`ks fk`lmestis, lu skoi, quk prelrezig l  prizkr kg `ktregkmtl `i rihelmice`i`k rihelmice`i`k,, quk ichimîig pi pitigirks tigirks prkou prkou`eheies. `eheies. @kssi alrgi, hlg l `kskquecçbrel rihelmic `i slhek`i`k ituic, l pâmehl slheic slbrk l kmarkmtigkmtl `i ve`i urbimi hlm`uz ês aunis gkmties quk, skg l iuxçcel prlaesselmic, rksuctig mi

kstengiteziîèl `k vçhels `ls gies `evkrsls tepls.‗  tep ls.‗   Itrivås `l pkmsigkmtl `k Xhflpkmfiukr, i e`kei `k glvegkmtiîèl fugimi pkcls `kskols å itrebuç`i il tkgi slbrk vçhels, glstrim`l i sushktçvkc miturkzi fugimi k i pkrenlsi itriîèl `ls vçhels piri i ve`i. Isseg, il kxpcehir aeclslaehigkmtk hlgl essl kssk `kskquecçbrel kxestk, å plssçvkc nkrir ugi irnugkmtiîèl søce`i k hlkrkmtk hlg l quk ale a le prlplstl pkci tkgétehi.   Imiclneis k gktéalris? `i gksgi alrgi quk i Hkhçcei Gkerkcks k i kakgkre`i`k

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`l tkgpl pl`kg skr øtegls icei`ls mi emtrl`uîèl, l `kskmvlcvegkmtl tigbåg ihketi kssk tepl `k gktéalri lu imiclnei. Isseg, hlgpirim`l hlg e`keis lu pkmsigkmtls `k `evkrsis érkis `l hlmfkhegkmtl, å plssçvkc nkrir emtkrkssimtks cemfis irnugkmtitevis itrivås `kssk gåtl`l.

–T...W @i gksgi gimkeri, lbris cetkréreis hlgl "L Hlrteîl", `k Icuçsel `k Izkvk`l, `kmumheig ties prkhirek`i`ks `k glri`eis, quk ihlmtkhkg itå mls `eis ituies. T...W‗     Rihelhçmels cønehls? piri rihelhçmels cønehls, å plssçvkc nkrir cemfis ce mfis hlmskhutevis

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`k `k`uîèl, em`uîèl lu `eicåtehi. Hlg ugi prlnrkssèl `k e`keis, å plssçvkc

 

 

hfknir i hlmhcusûks skmsitis k bkg segpcks. Icåg `essl, ckes k `khciriîûks ak`kries pl`kg skr utecezi`is kg guetls tkgis plr gkel `kssk rkhursl. –Å aum`igkmtic imicesir, kg pregkerl cu nir, i hlmtrebue hlmtrebueîèl îèl nlvkrmigk nlvkrmigkmtic mtic ml hlgbitk `k km`kgeis. Mkssk veås, pirtem`l `l premhçpel `k quk i Hlmstetueîèl Ak`kric `k 9566 nirimtk i tl`ls ls he`i`èls `erketls slheies rkcihelmi`ls ê siÿ`k nritueti k `k quice`i`k, l rkackxl `i ituice`i`k rkprkskmti ugi imtçtksk i kssk prkssuplstl. Isseg, hlg biexls çm`ehks `k simkigkmtl bésehl kg véreis rkneûks briseckeris, l Ksti`l hlmtrebue piri l hrkshegkmtl k `kskmvlcvegkmtl `k vktlrks `k `lkmîis aities quk, skg hlm`eîûks piri krri`ehir emsktls k ies, es, sèl rksplmsévkes plr emÿgkris aitice`i`ks tl`ls ls imls ml Brisec.‗   bihtåreis trlpeh i

Il utecezir ug premhçpel `i Hlmstetueîèl Ak`kric `k 9566, i skquïmhei cønehi `i rkice`i`k briseckeri glstri ugi hlmtri`eîèl `l quk å `kakm`e`l pkci cke. @kssi alrgi, l icuml quk tkg hlmfkhegkmtl `ls e`kies hlmstetuhelmies, premhepicgkmtk `l irt. ;º, plssue `evkrsls kexls piri skrkg kxpclri`ls hlg hrçtehis `erktis il Ksti`l.

Aemiceziîèl? i aemiceziîèl `k ug pirénrial `k `kskmvlcvegkmtl prkhesi skr hurti k kaehiz. Å plssçvkc hreir ceniîûks kmtrk ls pirénrials, `kexim`l emalrgiîûks ml aemic `l pregkerl pirénrialug`kkaketl `kskmvlcvegkmtl quktkxtuic prkpirig cketlrihketl pirimi l hlgpktïmhei quk veré ml sknum`l, nkrim`l `k pcimkoigkmtl guetll bkg 8. Icåg `essl, fé i plssebece`i`k `k hreir rkackxûks slbrk l quk ale iblr`i`l `urimtk l pirénrial lu, `k alrgi gies segpcks, rktlgim`l l tøpehl arisic hlg lutrl plmtl `k vesti ipøs i irnugkmtiîèl, skgprk itkmtl piri kvetir rkpkteîûks `ksmkhksséreis.

 

9.0 - HLMHC[XÈL

 

I hlmhcusèl å, mi gemfi vesèl, i pirtk gies segpcks k gkhâmehi `l tkxtl, gis quk rkqukr hue`i`l piri mèl kmtrknir ugi aemiceziîèl nkmårehi k gic kstruturi`i. Ziri quk sui hlmhcusèl skoi pkraketi k vlhï rkhkbi ls 2:: plmtls gies aéhkes `l kxigk, mi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl, vlhï prkhesiré sknuer icnugis rknris k itkm`kr ils trïs rkquesetls? kve`kmheir l tårgeml `l tkxtl, rktlgir i tksk k iprkskmtir ugi prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl `kticfi`i.

Kve`kmheir l tårgeml `l tkxtl?

piri glstrir il hlrrktlr sui

hlmsheïmhei `k aemiceziîèl `l tkxtl å bkg segpcks k hustiré gkmls quk ugi cemfi emtkeri. Bisti utecezir hlmoumîûks hlmhcusevis ml emçhel, k aihuctitevigkmtk ml aemic, `l pirénrial `k hlmhcusèl piri quk vlhï glstrk sui kstruturiîèl `k tårgeml tkxtuic. Ziri timtl, is sknuemtks hlmoumîûks pl`kg skr usi`is? clnl, plrtimtl, `kstirtk, kmtèl, skm`l isseg, kg vesti `essl, `kssk gl`l k `kssi alrgi. Fé lutris lpîûks, hlmtu`l ihrk`etl quk vlhï pl`k `ksarutir guetl bkg `is plssebece`i`ks lakrkhe`is ihegi. Clnl, egplrtimtk quk`k l pirénrial emeheir hlg ugi `kssis hlmoumîûks, icåg `k åutecezir lutri ckgbrir semiceziîèl hlmhcusèl `kvk ml aemic `l tkxtl aihuctitevigkmtk. – Zlrtimtl Zlrtimtl , aehi kve`kmtk quk ls trimstlrmls åte åtehl hl k slheic hiusi`l hiusi`lss plr kssi prlbckgéteh prlbckgétehi i  prkhesig skr simi`ls.‗   Zkrhkbi quk – plrtimtl‗  plrtimtl‗ pl`k skr aihecgkmtk substetuç`l plr –clnl – clnl‗‗ lu –`kssi –`kssi alrgi‗, alrgi‗,

igbls hlg i gksgi aemice`i`k tkxtuic. –T...W `k gimkeri i prkvkmer hlmacetls hlmacetls auturls, pir piri i qu quk, k, kmaeg , ls `erketls rksnuir`i rksnuir`i`ls `ls skoig rkspketi`ls.‗   Hisl prkaeri tigbåg, å plssçvkc utecezir mi ÿctegi skmtkmîi `l tkxtl tkrgls quk plssig kve`kmheir gies ugi vkz l tårgeml, hlgl l i`vårbel –kmaeg – kmaeg‗‗ lu –aemicgkmtk‗, –plr aeg‗ lu –iaemic‗. Mèl fé mkmfugi rknri quk kxeoi kssi ÿctegi kve`ïmhei kve`ï mhei `k aemiceziîèl `l tkxtl,

plråg å skgprk bkg vem`i hisl plssui cemfis slbrim`l ml aemic. aemic .

Rktlgir i tksk? essl senmeaehi rkiaergir i tksk iprkskmti`i mi emtrl`uîèl, piriariskim`l-i. Å guetl segpcks, vestl quk bisti riteaehir l quk vlhï `kakm`ku `urimtk tl`l l tkxtl k iaergir quk gk`e`is prkhesig skr tlgi`is piri quk i prlbckgétehi skoi rkslcve`i.  

 

–Zlr hlmsknuemtk, `eimtk `ls aitls supriheti`ls,  aehi kve`kmtk quk ls trimstlrml trimstlrmlss åtehl k hucturic hiusi`ls plr kssi sknrkniîèl slheic prkhesig skr simi`ls .‗   Hlgl i tksk iprkskmti`i rktritlu slbrk ls trimstlrmls åtehl k hucturic hiusi`ls pkci prlbckgétehi `l tkgi prlplstl, ugi sçmtksk `i gksgi ml pregkerl pkrçl`l `i hlmhcusèl å l suaehekmtk piri quk kssk rkquesetl skoi hlgpckti`l.

Zrlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl? kssi å i pirtk gies egplrtimtk `l pirénrial `k hlmhcusèl. Ziri quk i plmtuiîèl géxegi skoi itemne`i, å mkhkssérel hlgplr il gkmls ugi emtkrvkmîèl hlgpckti hlg ; kckgkmtls véce`ls. Ckgbrk-sk? mumhi utecezk tkrgls kg pregkeri pkssli lu sk `erkhelmk `erktigkmtk i vlhï lu il cketlr `urimtk i prlplsti `k emtkrvkmîèl.   Inkmtk (9)? l inkmtk å qukg eré kxkhutir i iîèl. Å egplrtimtk ckgbrir quk

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kxestkg `evkrsls kexls quk pl`krèl skr utecezi`ls hlgl inkmtks, l quk emhcue l prøprel nlvkrml, i gç`ei, is LMNs (hlgl X.L.X. Giti Itcâmtehi k Qevi Rel), is kshlcis k is emstetueîûks `k kmseml, is aigçceis k i prøprei slhek`i`k, hlg glbeceziîûks slheies k iaems. Mèl å rkhlgkm`i`l l usl `k tkrgls nkmårehls, kmtèl kspkheaequk k glstrk il hlrrktlr sui ibrimnïmhei `k hlmfkhegkmtl kg véreis érkis. [gi `is alrgis gies utecezi`is k rkhlgkm`i`is piri inkmtks emtkrvkmtlrks å iprlvketir ls Gemestårels kspkhçaehls kxestkmtks ml Brisec piri quk l pl`kr kxkhutevl rkicezk gu`imîis `k pirâgktrls mihelmies. Kcks mlrgicgkmtk sèl utecezi`ls hlgl `kticfigkmtl (;)  `l inkmtk –Ksti`l‗, kmtèl, hlg essl, å plssçvkc itemner 2 `ls ; kckgkmtls véce`ls ripe`igkmtk. Hlmaeri i cesti `k icnums Gemestårels quk pl`kg skr utecezi`ls? -  Inrehucturi, Zkhuérei k Ibistkhegkmtl4  

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He`i`imei4 Heïmhei, Pkhmlclnei, Emlviîûks k Hlgumehiîûks4 @kaksi4 Khlmlgei4 K`uhiîèl4  Ousteîi k Xknurimîi Zÿbcehi4 Gkel Igbekmtk4 Gemis k Kmkrnei4 Xiÿ`k4 Rkciîûks Kxtkrelrks4 Puresgl.

  Iîèl emtkrvkmtevi (2)? å i iîèl prlplsti piri emtkrver ml prlbckgi, rksplm`km`l

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l quk `kvk skr aketl piri slcuhelmir ls egpissks. Hlg l tkgpl l icuml `kskmvlcvk gkhimesgls iutlgétehls `k prlplstis quk plssig skr usi`is kg `evkrsis prlbckgétehis, skgprk vesim`l rkspketir ls `erketls fugimls k hlg kstruturis hlkrkmtks hlg l tkgi prlplstl. Zlr kxkgpcl, sk l tkgi iblr`i icnug prlbckgi `k siÿ`k nrivk, hlgl l hlgbitk `k km`kgeis ml Brisec, l icuml pl`k utecezir l Ksti`l hlgl inkmtk, `kticfim`l-l hlgl Gemestårel `i Xiÿ`k, k sunkrem`l igpceiîûks `k prloktls `k simkigkmtl bésehl mi nrim`k hlmoumturi `k kstruturis urbimis `l piçs lu `evucniîèl `k higpimfis nlvkrmigkmties emalrgitevis slbrk ls reshls k ls pkrenls quk `kvkg skr kveti`ls. Zlr lutrl ci`l, hisl l tkgi skoi slbrk ispkhtls slheies, å emtkrkssimtk kmvlcvkr i gç`ei ml tkxtl, itå gksgl sunkrem`l i hreiîèl `k aehîûks kmnioi`is, hlgl mlvkcis, aecgks k såreks, quk plssig `kmumheir k ickrtir i prøprei plpuciîèl slbrk `evkrsis prlbckgétehis.   Gl`l/Gkel (8)? å emtkrkssimtk quk l icuml sk itkmtk i hlgl eré sk rkakrer il

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gl`l lu gkel emtkrvkmtevl. Kvetk utecezir nkrÿm`els (lakrkhkm`l, cimîim`l, hlmstruem`l…) k hlgkhk i kspkheaehir kssk kckgkmtl piri quk aequk hcirl piri l hlrrktlr. –Zlr gkel `k‗, –i pirter `k‗, –plr emtkrgå`el `k‗ k –itrivås `k‗ sèl blms

kxkgpcls quk pl`kg skr utecezi`ls skg prlbckgis. Å emtkrkssimtk quk l icuml tkmfi hlmfkhegkmtl slbrk ls gkels itevls quk ls inkmtks utecezi`ls pl`kg ituir, kmtèl vick i pkmi pksquesir ug pluhl gies slbrk hi`i ug `kcks. Zlr kxkgpcl, å plssçvkc quk l prøprel Ksti`l hlmhcui iîûks `k âgbetl mihelmic, plråg sk l icuml lakrkhkr pirhkreis plr emtkrgå`el `k LMNs slheies quk plssig iuxeceir itevigkmtk kg ug prlbckgi fepltåtehl, l hlrrktlr pkrhkbkré i hlrrkciîèl `k e`keis k i hlmsheïmhei `k `evkrsls kexls hlmfkhe`ls plr qukg kshrkvku i prlplsti.   Kaketl (0)? hlgl ml gl`l/gkel, rkhlgkm`l quk l kaketl skoi kspkheaehi`l plr tkrgls kspkhçaehls, hlgl –hlg i aemice`i`k `k‗, –i aeg `k‗, –piri quk‗, –hlg l

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lboktevl `k‗, –hlg l prlpøsetl `k‗ k –hlg l emtuetl `k‗. Ziri l kckgkmtl `k kaketl,

bisti rkalrîir piri l hlrrktlr quies rksucti`ls vlhï kspkri `is iîûks prlplstis, skgprk `k alrgi hciri k lboktevi.   @kticfigk @kticfigkmtl mtl (;)? ticvkz l gies hlgpckxl piri icnums icumls, l `kticfigkmtl

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pl`k skr rkicezi`l kg hi`i ug `ls quitrl kckgkmtls iprkskmti`ls ihegi. Hlgl gkmhelmi`l, å plssçvkc `kticfir l inkmtk i nkmtk (9) plr gkel `k mlgkiîûks kspkhçaehis `k hirnls lu itrebueîûks pÿbcehis `k tkrgls nkmkricestis, hlgl kspkheaehir l Ksti`l kg Gemestårels lu i gç`ei kg prlnrigis kspkhçaehls `k vkehuciîèl mihelmic.  

 

Hisl qukeri `kticfir `k lutris alrgis piri issknurir ls 2:: plmtls mi hlgpktïmhei ;, å plssçvkc quk vlhï kspkheaequk ls sknuemtks kckgkmtls `urimtk sui prlplsti? -  ugi ousteaehitevi, kxpcehim`l ls gltevls `i iîèl emtkrvkmtevi (2) kshlcfe`i skr e`kic piri rkslcvkr l prlbckgi4 pr lbckgi4 -  ugi kxkgpceaehiîèl, glstrim`l ug hisl hlmhrktl `k hlgl tic iîèl aumhelmiré (8), skm`l plssçvkc, mkssk hisl, iprkskmtir ugi hlgpiriîèl hlg lutrl piçs quk  oé ipcehlu tic emtkrvkmîèl4 -  ug `ks`lbrigkmtl `l kaketl, kstruturi`l plr lriîûks kxpcehitevis, hlg l lboktevl `k `kticfir l quk kspkrir `l kaketl (0) `i iîèl. Ziri aihecetir l kmtkm`egkmtl `kssi pirtk `l tkxtl, hlmaeri ug kxkgpcl `k hlmhcusèl hlg l tkgi `k rk`iîèl `l KMKG 2:96.

PKGI? Gimepuciîèl `l hlgplrtigkmtl `l usuérel pkcl hlmtrlck `k `i`ls mi emtkrmkt –Zlrtimtl, aehi kve`kmtk quk i slhek`i`k kmarkmti `ksclhigkmtls glries ge`eétehls k ugi `kskstruturiîèl `i cebkr`i`k ml higpl `enetic. Kg vesti `essl, l Ksti`l (9)  ,, mi aenuri mi  aenuri `l Gemestårel `i Heïmhei k `i Pkhmlclnei (;) , `kvk emvkster kg gkhimesgls aeshicezi`lrks ml higpl tkhmlcønehl (2) , , plr  plr gkel `k pir pirhkreis hkreis hhlg lg hkmtrl hkmtrlss umevkr umevkrsetérels setérels `k `k emalrgét emalrgétehi ehi kspkheicezi`i piri l `kskmvlcvegkmtl `k prlnrigis hipizks `k `kmumheir icnlretgls `k gimepuciîèl (8)  ,, i aeg `k krri`ehir is emtkrakrïmheis `kstrutevis ml hlmtrlck `k

 T...W‗   `i`ls (0) (0) - ugi vkz quk fé ugi hciri `kpkm`ïmhei emalrgihelmic (;)  (;)  T...W‗  Å rkhlgkm`i`l quk l icuml ic uml emseri ugi lu `uis prlplstis `k emtkrvkmîèl ml pirénrial. Ku skgprk utecezke `uis prlplstis gis essl å aihuctitevl. Ml kxkgpcl ihegi, å plssçvkc pkrhkbkr quk i kstruturiîèl `ls kckgkmtls emtkrvkmtevls ksté pritehigkmtk mi lr`kg kxene`i, aihecetim`l l kmtkm`egkmtl `l hlrrktlr k hlg rkhursls quk aihecetkg i e`kmteaehiîèl `l kckgkmtl utecezi`l. L usl `k `les `kticfigkmtls (;) å skgprk bkg vem`l hisl tkmfi cemfis `esplmçvkes piri essl, itå gksgl piri nirimter quk l hlrrktlr `iré i plmtuiîèl hlgpckti. Ipøs icnugis rk`iîûks, kssi pirtk sk tlrmi bkg gkhâmehi k aihecgkmtk prkkmhfe`i pkcl icuml. Ipkmis tlgk hue`i`l hlg l hlmfkhegkmtl slbrk i ituiîèl rkic `ls inkmtks k hlg ls tkrgls mucls, quk pl`kg tk hlgpcehir kmtrk ls hlrrktlrks gies kxenkmtks.

 

 

Inkmtks mucls? piri aemicezir is emalrgiîûks slbrk hlmhcusèl, å egplrtimtk ickrtir slbrk ls inkmtks mucls, lu skoi, tkrgls k kxprkssûks quk mèl hlmtirèl plmtls hlgl kckgkmtls véce`ls k quk pl`krèl tk prkou`ehir, plrtimtl kvetk-ls il géxegl. Inkmtks mucls?   Icnuåg, memnuåg, icnums, ums, vlhï4

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  Møs, icnums `k møs, tl`ls møs, i nkmtk4

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  I`vlhihei-Nkric `i [meèl4

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  Inrehucturi, Zkhuérei k Ibistkhegkmtl4

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  Bimhl Hkmtric4

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  Hisi Hevec4

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  He`i`ks4

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  Heïmhei, Pkhmlclnei, Emlviîûks k Hlgumehiîûks4

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  Hucturi4

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  @kaksi4

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  @kskmvlcvegkmtl Xlheic k Inrérel4

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  @erketls Fugimls4

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  K`uhiîèl4

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  Ksplrtk4

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  Aizkm`i k Zrkve`ïmhei Xlheic4

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  Nibemktk `k Xknurimîi Emstetuhelmic4

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  Em`ÿstrei, Hlgårhel Kxtkrelr k Xkrveîls4

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  Qkrbl ml egpkritevl (`ks`k quk mèl fioi vlhitevl).

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Iîûks mucis?   Å/aiz-sk mkhkssérel (tkr/tlgir) hlmsheïmhei4

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  Å egplrtimtk sk hlmshekmtezir4

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  Zrkhesig pðr i gèl mi hlmsheïmhei4

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  Zrkhesi hlmshekmtezir is pksslis4

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Pkgls quk prkstir itkmîèl4

  Å prkhesl aehir itkmtl4

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  Å prkhesl tkr gies tlckrâmhei lu mèl oucnir4

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  Zrkhesig igir/rkspketir l prøxegl/ sk tlrmir pksslis gkcflrks4

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  @kvk-sk vevkr kg firglmei4

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  @kvk-sk i`ltir ugi plsturi skg prkhlmhketls4

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  @ir l pregkerl pissl4

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  Gk`e`is `kvkg skr tlgi`is4

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RKZKRPØRELX ZRL@[PEQLX

KMKG 2:29  IP[ICE@I@KX AECLXLAEI  CEPKRIP[RI  XLHELCLNEI 

 

LBRIX Y[K QLHÏ ZL@K NLXPIR  Pribicfir hlg Rk`iîèl å kxkrhetir i hreiteve`i`k kg plmtls kxtrkgigkmtk rkckvimtks k hlmsknuer emskrer e`keis `k `evkrsis érkis `l hlmfkhegkmtl piri hfknir i ug tkxtl hlkrkmtk k quk inri`k i bimhi quk `kaemeré sk vlhï skré iprlvi`l lu mèl mi [mevkrse`i`k. Hlg essl, iprlvketke l tkgpl "cevrk" `i pim`kgei piri iou`é-cls iem`i gies k trizkr gies hlmtkÿ`l piri qukg iem`i sk skmtk emsknurl hlg i quimte`i`k `k rkpkrtørels i skrkg utecezi`ls. Ziri hlgkîir ksti pirtk `l gitkreic, mi`i gies oustl quk iprkskmtir icnugis lbris cetkréreis quk vickg i pkmi skrkg iprlaum`i`is, ples pl`kg skrver hlgl hlremnis piri emÿgkrls tkgis. Kg sknue`i, ls rkpkrtørels prl`utevls `k Aeclslaei, Xlhelclnei k Ituice`i`ks `irèl skquïmhei piri hlgpcktir ls premhepies iutlrks quk oucnl mkhkssérels piri i hlmstruîèl `k ug tkxtl hlksl k kaehiz.

 

 I@GER  I@G ERÉQ ÉQKC KC G[M [M@L @L ML MLQL QL  IC@  I C@L L[X F[ F[VC VCKKU  Kshretl kg 9582 plr Ic`lus Fuxcky, quisk fé 5: imls, I`gerévkc Gum`l Mlvl sk ipkrakeîli iutlgitehigkmtk hlg l tkgpl, hlgl vemfl, pkci alrgi quk i slhek`i`k higemfi piri hirihtkrçstehis guetl skgkcfimtks ê lbri hlg l pissir `l tkgpl. Hlg rkciîûks pirkhe`is hlg 9560, `k Nklrnk Lrwkcc, kssi `estlpei glstri i hlmtkgplrimke`i`k k ls `ksiaels `l auturl `l Xkr Fugiml. Mkssk umevkrsl fepltåtehl, hlg guetls kckgkmtls quk pl`kgls e`kmteaehir ituicgkmtk, ls he`i`èls krig hlm`ehelmi`ls i tkr pkmsigkmtls hlmtrlci`ls `k ihlr`l hlg sui histi. Kxitigkmtk slbrk tu`l, kcks `kskmvlcveig ugi hlmsheïmhei slbrk hlgl iner k l quk `kvkreig skr, hlg ugi hlmstruîèl emtkrelr `k `ktkrgemesgl slheic, quk guetis vkzks pl`k skr isslhei`l i ugi sårek `k ispkhtls ml Brisec, hlgl is e`keis `k quk i rkceneèl lu i sui aigçcei `k lrenkg `ktkrgemig l quk vlhï `kvk sknuer ml auturl. Hlg tu`l essl em`l hlmtri i e`kei `k cevrk-irbçtrel `k Xirtrk, i prl`uîèl –em`ustreic‗ `k skrks fugimls å ugi alrtk hrçtehi quk sk ipcehi i guetls ihlmtkhegkmtls ituies, hlgl i gisseaehiîèl `l gkrhi`l `k tribicfl k l `erkhelmigkmtl `i prøprei slhek`i`k piri quk ugi pkssli skoi –bkg suhk`e`i‗. [gi slhek`i`k quk skoi tèl lbhkhi`i plr kstibece`i`k, ticvkz, kstkoi prkstks i `ksglrlmir, hlgl Fuxcky mls ickrti, hlg kmalquk egplrtimtçssegl mis gimepuciîûks `i gç`ei. Å pkssegesti, plråg å ugi i`vkrtïmhei bistimtk emtrenimtk k quk vick i pkmi skr `eshute`i kg tkgis quk tigbåg glstrig i tkhmlclnei k i `esskgemiîèl `k emalrgiîûks `l mlssl ci`l, hlg i véce`i pkrnumti? itå quk plmtl<

 

 I NIE IEI I HE HEÏM ÏMH HEI ‘ AR AREK EK@R @REH EHF F ME MEKP KP_X _XH HFK

Zlr skr ug `ls cevrls gies hlgpckxls `i cesti, ku hetirke I Niei Heïmhei, `k Arek`rehf Mektzshfk, hlgl ug kgbisigkmtl 'hlremni' piri tkgis quk vlhï mèl tkmfi aigeceire`i`k k `kskoi kmhiexir icnugi alrgi `k icusèl emtkrkssimtk k lrenemic ml sku tkxtl. Kssk å l ÿctegl tribicfl `i aisk plsetevi `l iutlr, hlg vérels tkgis kxpclri`ls. "L knlçsgl å i cke `i pkrspkhtevi ipcehi`i ils skmtegkmtls? l quk ksté gies prøxegl pirkhk-mls gielr k gies pksi`l k, ê gk`e`i quk mls iaistigls, l sku tigimfl k pksl `egemukg."  Ihrk`etl quk kssi arisk slbrk knlçsgl skrei ugi `is gies emtkrkssimtks piri skrkg utecezi`is, lu il gkmls piri skrkg ckgbri`is piri piriariskir kg hisls `l tepl. Å `eaçhec mèl ckgbrir `is emstetueîûks slheies, hlgl is aigçceis, Ksti`l, kshlcis k hkmtrls rkcenelsls, quim`l kssk issumtl å iblr`i`l. Hlgl l KMKG kxenk quk l icuml hrek prlbckgiteziîûks ml `kskmvlcvegkmtl, mi`i gkcflr quk emtkrprktir kssi iaergiîèl `k I Niei Heïmhei k glstrir quk i alrgi knlçsti `k i`gemestriîèl k rkiceziîèl `k aketls plr pirtk `i slhek`i`k å vlcti`i, quisk skgprk, piri l quk ksté gies prøxegl k mèl kmxkrni is `eaehuc`i`ks `is gizkcis slheies iaisti`is. Kstir plr `kmtrl `is virei`is setuiîûks kmarkmti`is skrei l e`kic piri nkrir l skmtegkmtl `k kgpitei k e`kiceziîèl `l quk `kvk skr aketl hlg l prøxegl. "L quk å skr cevrk< Å mèl tkrgls vkrnlmfi `k skrgls qukg slgls."  Ziri tkgis quk iplmtig ls prlbckgis `eshregemitørels `is gemlreis slheies, tkrei alrgi gies emtkrkssimtk `k egprksselmir l hlrrktlr quk glstrim`l i kck i e`kei `k cebkr`i`k piri Mektzshfk< Yuk tic rkcihelmir kssi e`kei hlg l `erketl ê cebkr`i`k `kakm`e`l mi Hlmstetueîèl Ak`kric k `ir iem`i gies vlz piri sku irnugkmtl prl`utevl< Xèl lbskrviîûks plmtuies k kxtrkgigkmtk véce`is piri quicqukr kstu`imtk quk vé rkicezir l kxigk kstk iml.

 

 I GK GKPI PIGL GLRA RAL LXK - ARI RIM M_ DI DIAADI 

–…kg ugi hkrti gimfè, il ihlr`ir ipøs slmfls ineti`ls, Nrknlr Xigsi veu-sk mi sui higi, gktiglralski`l mug glmstrulsl emsktl‗. [g `ls gkus aivlretls `kssi cesti, I Gktiglralsk ale plr guetls imls ugi `is lbris lbrenitøreis `l vkstebucir `i [mevkrse`i`k Ak`kric `k [bkrcâm`ei ([A[) k ug `ls gies prlaum`igkmtk imicesi`ls pkci bimhi quk aiz is qukstûks `k cetkrituri `l kxigk. Essl tu`l vie guetl gies icåg `k ug pkrslminkg sk trimsalrgir kg ug –emsktl‗. Kssk emsktl pl`k skr emtkrprkti`l hlgl ugi gktéalri piri i hlm`eîèl fugimi k piri ls `rigis psçquehls `i slhek`i`k. L rkackxl `k Nrknlr Xigsi å bisehigkmtk i emtlckrâmhei ê qukbri `k pi`rûks slheies. Pic –emsktl‗, isslhei`l i ugi aicti `k glvegkmtl k aici, icåg `l emhðgl`l hiusi`l, `kshrkvk ugi alrgi kxtkrmi `k hlgl, emtkrelrgkmtk, i pkrslminkg skmtk vkrnlmfi k `ksprkzl plr se plr mèl sk hlgplrtir hlgl `kvkrei pkrimtk i slhek`i`k. I aigçcei `k Nrknlr, imtks `l –ihe`kmtk‗, temfi ugi øtegi rkciîèl hlg kck, itå gksgl plr kck vevkr aemimhkerigkmtk bkg k sustkmtir ls lutrls gkgbrls `i hisi, k, ipøs i trimsaenuriîèl `l gksgl, trimsalrgirig tu`l kg ug skmtegkmtl `k pkmi, `ksprkzl k itå rievi. Pkg icusûks guetl plssçvkes piri skrkg emtkrprkti`is mkssk hisl. Hisls `k tribicfi`lrks quk slarkg ihe`kmtks `k tribicfl lu `kshlbrkg `lkmîis nrivks k sèl iaisti`ls guetis vkzks pl`kg skr isslhei`ls ê gktéalri `l tic emsktl quk, pkrimtk i slhek`i`k, mèl prl`uz k, plrtimtl, mèl skrei tklrehigkmtk ÿtec. ÿtec . Å egplrtimtk ckgbrir quk kssi hrçtehi ckvi `erktigkmtk i ugi hresk `l 9º irtenl `i @khciriîèl [mevkrsic `ls @erketls Fugimls `i LM[ `k 9506? –Pl`ls ls skrks fugimls mishkg cevrks k enuies kg `enme`i`k k `erketls. @lti`ls `k rizèl k hlmsheïmhei, `kvkg iner ums piri hlg ls lutrls kg kspçretl k aritkrme`i`k‗. Kssi e`kei tribicfi`i `k –quèl fugiml‗ pl`kgls skr kg ugi slhek`i`k hipeticesti k quk vesi i prl`uteve`i`k k i mlrgiteve`i`k å kxhkckmtk piri skr tribicfi`i kg emÿgkrls tkgis quk kxebkg `ksenuic`i`ks kstruturies `k `evkrsls mehfls `i slhek`i`k quk mèl sk slbrkssikg, skoi pkci emacuïmhei mknitevi `l Ksti`l lu quicqukr lutrl aitlr, belcønehl lu mèl. Icåg `l gies, å tigbåg plssçvkc kmxkrnir kssi trimsalrgiîèl kg –emsktls isqukrlsls‗ hlgl ugi gktéalri `i emutece`i`k `i gèl `k lbri fugimi pkrimtk l ivimîl `i tkhmlclnei k i substetueîèl `k pksslis plr géquemis mls gkels `k prl`uîèl.

 

HIZEPÈKX @K IRKEI - OLRNK IGI@L

Fé guetl l quk `ezkr slbrk Hipetèks `k Irkei, rlgimhk `k 958> `l iutlr Olrnk Igi`l, quim`l l issumtl å –quic rkpkrtørel `k cetkrituri plssl hlclhir mi gemfi rk`iîèl‗. Fé hrçtehis k plmtuiîûks plcçtehis, slheies, rkcenelsis k gktiaørehis slbrk guetls issumtls quk iem`i hkrhig i slhek`i`k ituicgkmtk, kmtèl vick i pkmi emvkster sku tkgpl kg bushi `k gies hlmfkhegkmtl slbrk kssk cevrl.  Olrnk Igi`l glstri, clnl ml emçhel `i lbri, gitåreis olrmicçstehis slbrk l nrupl `k gkmemls, hlmtristim`l `les plmtls `k vesti slbrk is pkrslminkms k iplmtim`l, clnl `k hiri, l ci`l aehhelmic quk pl`k skr `kshretl kg rkplrtinkms. Essl å ug plmtl bistimtk emtkrkssimtk quim`l å mkhkssérel bininkg piri ce`ir hlg i vkrihe`i`k `k emalrgiîûks `evucni`is pkci gç`ei lu l pipkc `i gç`ei mi slhek`i`k, `les tkgis alrtks piri rk`iîèl. Is mltçheis vkehuci`is plr tic gç`ei guetis vkzks itkm`kg ils emtkrkssks `is hcissks gies rehis, l quk iem`i ihlmtkhk mls `eis `k flok, rkpcktis `k gkmteris quk `kshirihtkrezig ls aitls `ls ‖Hipetèks `k Irkei―, ugi emtkrkssimtk icusèl ês 'aidk mkws' `ls `eis ituies. Pies hreimîis ibim`lmi`is hirrknig guetis hrçtehis iem`i mkssi sknum`i aisk `l gl`krmesgl briseckerl, hlg hcirls hlgkmtérels rkackxevls `l mirri`lr quk pl`kg hlmtkxtuicezir emÿgkrls issumtls slbrk i `enme`i`k emaimtec k hlgl i Hlmstetueîèl mèl å, mi prétehi, kaktevi`i kg guetls hisls. [g `ls gkcflrks kxkgpcls å `l pkrslminkg XkgZkrmis, quk å l gies ‖`urèl― `l nrupl, gis quk, mi rkice`i`k, å l quk gies hirkhk `k itkmîèl `k ugi aigçcei lu itå gksgl `l Ksti`l, oé quk mèl å isseste`l. Å véce`i i rkackxèl `k quk ticvkz tl`i kssi setuiîèl `k sk tlrmirkg girnemies mèl skoi itrebuç`i i hucpi ils suoketls, gis kg tu`l quk ale a le hlmstruç`l il rk`lr `ls gksgls. Kssk ‖gltlr `i velcïmhei― skrvk hlgl ugi kxhkckmtk icusèl cetkrérei kg ugi rk`iîèl. Olrnk Igi`l å kxtrkgigkmtk rkhlmfkhe`l k, skg `ÿve`is, inrkniré guetl il sku tkxtl, premhepicgkmtk sk vlhï `kskmvlcvkr e`keis quk `kglmstrkg l hlmfkhegkmtl slbrk l rlgimhk, hlgl is cutis slheies prkskmtks mi mirritevi, tl`is kg bushi `k ugi skmsiîèl  ousti `k kque`i`k mi miîèl briseckeri.

 

HKG IMLX @K XLCE@ÈL - NIBREKC NIRHÇI GÉRY[K_ Kshretl plr Nibrekc Nirhçi Gérqukz, Hkg Imls `k Xlce`èl å ituicgkmtk hlmse`kri`i ugi `is lbris gies egplrtimtks `i cetkrituri citeml-igkrehimi. [gi `is lbris gies ce`is k tri`uze`is `l gum`l, kci mirri ugi festørei kg ugi he`i`k aehtçhei hfigi`i Gihlm`l k i quk`i/ishkmsèl `i aigçcei Bukm`çi, skus aum`i`lrks. [g hcéssehl quk guetis vkzks mèl å iblr`i`l mis sicis `k iuci, kssi prl`uîèl cetkrérei tkg hrçtehis k icusûks ê prøprei hucturi k hlgplrtigkmtl citeml-igkrehiml kg `evkrsls aitlrks. Hlmacetls kmtrk e`klclneis plcçtehis kstèl, seg, prkskmtks mi lbri, hlgl vkgls ituicgkmtk (l quk pl`k skr ugi alrgi `k icusèl hisl kmhlmtrk ug tkgi segecir), gis tigbåg fé guetl l quk sk `eshuter slbrk l mlssl hlgplrtigkmtl `eimtk `evkrsls prlbckgis quk mls rl`keig k, guetis vkzks, mèl cenigls. I`kgies, ls `kskquecçbrels nkmtk-tkrri, hlrplreaehi`ls pkci rkalrgi inrérei, å lutri qukstèl heti`i plr Nirhçi Gérqukz, quk guetl sk itrkci ê slce`èl k il sub`kskmvlcvegkmtl `l hlmtemkmtk. Lutrl gickaçhel quk gimtåg i Igårehi Citemi sub`kskmvlcve`i å, skg `ÿve`i, i hlrrupîèl. Pic –prini‗ ksté prkskmtk mi lbri k å icvl `k `evkrsis hrçtehis, l quk pl`k skr hlrrkcihelmi`i ê `evkrsis setuiîûks ml hlmtkxtl briseckerl kg quk i hlrrupîèl ksté prkskmtk. Ziri aemicezir, ugi emtkrkssimtk hlgpiriîèl å `i Hlgpimfei Bimimkeri, quk å emstici`i kg Gihlm`l, segblcezim`l i alrgi gies ‖hrui― k rkicesti plssçvkc `ls piçsks `i Igårehi Citemi ml hlgårhel gum`eic? ktkrmls kxplrti`lrks `k gitårei-pregi. L sub`kskmvlcvegkmtl skgprk prkskmtk å k hlmtemuiré skm`l plr guetl tkgpl i girhi `kssi rkneèl, ihiti`i `k `ksenuic`i`ks slheies k khlmðgehis kmlrgks, ugi vesèl emtkrkssimtk k bkg pirkhe`i hlg is e`keis tribicfis plr Xårnel Buirquk `k Flcim`i. Å gies ugi lbri rehi `k rkakrïmheis k hlmtkÿ`l prl`utevl piri sui `esskrtiîèl.

 

AIFRKMFKEP 0;9 - RIU BRI@B[RU 

L rlgimhk Aifrkmfket 0;9, kshretl plr Riy Bri`bury, rktriti ugi `estlpei kg quk ls blgbkerls plssukg i aumîèl bésehi `k emhemkrir cevrls, hlg ug alrtk hlgbitk il pkmsigkmtl hrçtehl k ê iutlmlgei `ls em`evç`uls `i lbri. Fé ugi hrçtehi slheic pksi`i ml quk timnk il iutlretiresgl k il bclqukel `l hlmfkhegkmtl `kglhritezi`l piri i plpuciîèl. Hcirigkmtk å plssçvkc emakrer hrçtehis k gktéalris hlg `evkrsis iîûks ml hlmtkxtl ituic, premhepicgkmtk ml âgbetl k`uhihelmic. Hlgl skrei kssi emhemkriîèl `k cevrls alri `i `estlpei `l cevrl< I påssegi k`uhiîèl pÿbcehi, i `eaçhec `kglhriteziîèl `l ihkssl ê emalrgiîèl lu i enmlrâmhei nlvkrmigkmtic piri prloktls slheies< Yukg sibk ls trïs. I vesèl hrçtehi `l icuml å guetl egplrtimtk mkssk hisl, vestl quk pl`k skr kmhiexi`i kg vérels tkgis, timtl mi emtrl`uîèl quimtl mls `kskmvlcvegkmtls `i `esskrtiîèl. Å plssçvkc kmhlmtrir ugi hciri rkakrïmhei ê Em`ÿstrei Hucturic kstu`i`i pkcls aecøslals `i kshlci `k Arimdaurt, hlgl I`lrml (hisl qukeri sibkr gies, ml kBlld hlgpcktl fé ug tøpehl kspkhçaehl piri kck), vestl quk itå is tkcis emtkritevis ecustrig essl. Ês vkzks i `eaehuc`i`k `k `estimheir l gum`l rkic `l vertuic pl`k skr kmhlmtri`i kg icnums em`evç`uls, l quk å ugi gkmsinkg egplrtimtk k rkckvimtk piri l såhucl VVE. Icåg `l gies, i skmsiîèl `k egpltïmhei, gksgl hlg l `kskol plr gu`imîis mi slhek`i`k, å lutrl aitlr quk hlmkhti i lbri Aifrkmfket 0;9 ê rkice`i`k briseckeri, l quk å gies ug pritl hfkel piri `evkrsls tkgis, premhepicgkmtk kg ug hlmtkxtl `k plvl –hknl‗ pkci aicti `k ihkssl il hlmfkhegkmtl k ê k`uhiîèl.

 

KEHFGIMM KG OKR[XICÅG? "[G RKCIPL XLBRK I BIMICE@I@K @L GIC" - FIMMIF IRKM@P Kmtrim`l ml nrupl `k kshretlrks ickgèks, Fimmif Irkm`t rkciti kg Kehfgimm kg Okrusicåg l aiglsl tkrgl slhelcønehl –bimice`i`k `l gic‗, quk `kvkrei skr bkg gies hlmfkhe`l ituicgkmtk. Kssi kxprkssèl å l rksucti`l `k ugi imécesk `l gic quim`l itemnk nrupls slheies lu l prøprel Ksti`l, hlg ugi gimeakstiîèl `k emskmsebece`i`k slbrk i velcïmhei, quk å i prlbckgiteziîèl `k `evkrsls tkgis `k rk`iîèl. Fimmif Irkm`t, il ihlgpimfir l oucnigkmtl `l mizesti Kehfgimm, pkrhkbk quk, ipirkmtkgkmtk, kck kri ugi pkssli mlrgic, k essl i emhlgl`i bistimtk. Hlg essl, i hlmhcusèl `i iutlri å `k quk, mi åplhi, ls mizestis trimsalrgirig i velcïmhei kg icnl hlte`eiml, cetkricgkmtk bimicezi`l, tlrmim`l-sk icnl tèl hlgug quk itå gksgl ug flgkg hlgug pl`krei rkicezir itls tèl tkrrçvkes hlmtri i fugime`i`k. Essl å ugi alrgi guetl emtkrkssimtk `k iblr`ir i bimiceziîèl `k `evkrsis itetu`ks hlmtrlvkrsis mi mlssi slhek`i`k ‘ quk prkskmhei hi`i `ei gies aitls bezirrls.

 

KXPIÎÈL HIRIM@ER[ - @RI[_EL  QIR  Q IRKKCCI  [gi iutlre`i`k `i érki `i siÿ`k rkhlmfkhe`i kg tl`l l piçs, @riuzel Qirkcci kshrkvku l bkst-skcckr Kstiîèl Hirim`eru biski`l kg skus rkcitls veve`ls i pirter `k 9565 mi Hisi `k @ktkmîèl `k Xèl Ziucl, lm`k kck kxkrhku sui ituiîèl gå`ehi kg ug igbekmtk mèl guetl hlgug, gis quk tritivi `k kxictir i fugime`i`k ihegi `k tu`l, isseg hlgl å ouri`l plr sui prlaessèl. Xui lbri rkciti tigbåg slbrk i prkvkmîèl `k IE@X hlg ties he`i`èls, ugi alrgi emtkrkssimtk `k emeheir ug tkxtl slbrk EXP―s (Emakhîûks Xkxuicgkmtk Primsgessçvkes), itå gksgl plrquk i itkmîèl pregérei å guetl aicfi kg `evkrsls hlmtkxtls, skm`l i rkice`i`k preselmic ug `ls gies prkou`ehi`ls plr `evkrsls aitlrks ‘ quk prkhesig skr `eshute`ls kg tkgis `l tepl. Il tritir pksslis hisl i hisl, itå gksgl kg ties påssegis hlm`eîûks, å plssçvkc pkrhkbkr mi lbri hlgl i em`eve`uice`i`k k l skmtegkmtl `k pkrtkmhegkmtl sèl egplrtimtks mi hlmstruîèl slheic k hlgl essl `kvkrei skr iblr`i`l `k alrgi sårei mi slhek`i`k. Kg sçmtksk, Kstiîèl Hirim`eru å ug pritl hfkel piri tkgis quk iblr`ig i `ksugimeziîèl `k gizkcis slheies k is egpcehiîûks `i prkhirek`i`k `l sestkgi preselmic briseckerl, quk iem`i mèl alrig slceheti`ls `erktigkmtk pkci bimhi `l KMKG. Ihfl véce`l gkmhelmir tigbåg quk l aecgk 'Hirim`eru? L Aecgk' å ugi aenuriîèl hemkgitlnréaehi `ls rkcitls mi Hisi `k @ktkmîèl `k Xèl Ziucl quk pl`k hlmtrebuer piri i hlmstruîèl `k ugi vesèl hrçtehi k i kciblriîèl `k e`keis quk pl`kg skr `kshretis mls tkxtls hlmvkmekmtks i kssi tkgétehi. Pic hfihemi quk lhlrrku mi `åhi`i `k 5: ml Brisec å kxtrkgigkmtk egplrtimtk mèl ipkmis piri rk`iîèl, gis tigbåg piri i prlvi `k Heïmheis Fugimis k suis Pkhmlclneis.

 

KVPRILR@EMÉREL - RIY[KC  OIRRIG  OI IGEC ECCCL [g cevrl `k cketuri aéhec k inri`évkc piri emÿgkrls tkgis `k rk`iîèl, Kxtrilr`emérel, lu lrenemicgkmtk ^lm`kr, å kshretl plr Riqukc Oirigeccl k rkciti mkssk rlgimhk i festørei `k Iunnek Zuccgim, ugi hreimîi plrti`lri `i sçm`rlgk `k Prkihfkr Hlccems, quk å ugi `lkmîi nkmåtehi quk hiusi `kalrge`i`ks hrâmel-aiheies. I premhçpel å egplssçvkc mèl e`kmteaehir l issumtl prkhlmhketl mi lbri. I alrgi hlgl Iunnek å triti`l pkci nrim`k gielrei `ls hlcknis quim`l å emskre`l ml hlmtkxtl kshlcir å `k pirter l hlriîèl, l quk nkri qukstelmigkmtls slbrk l quk pl`krei `k aitl skr aketl mkssk hisl piri itkmuir ugi prlbckgétehi tèl kmriezi`i mi hucturi `k skgprk –oucnir l `eakrkmtk‗. Hlg essl, i iutlihketiîèl å ug prlhkssl nri`uic k l cevrl glstri essl hlg i segpcehe`i`k `k ugi hreimîi quk vï gueti emnkmue`i`k il sku rk`lr. Hetir i lbri `k Riqukc Oirigeccl kg tkgis quk rktritig l Buccyemn lu l Hybkrbuccyemn hlgl prlbckgis pkrtemkmtks mi slhek`i`k pl`k skr ugi alrgi cetkricgkmtk kxtrilr`emérei `k hlmtkxtuicezir l tkxtl k glstrir il hlrrktlr l sku hlmfkhegkmtl `k gum`l, hlg ugi bininkg hekmtk `k quk fé prkhlmhketl ml igbekmtk kshlcir `k `evkrsis alrgis k quk véreis emstetueîûks, emhcuem`l is aigçceis k is kshlcis, `kvkg prlglvkr glbeceziîûks i aeg `k simir hisls `l tepl. Lutrl plmtl quk pl`k skr utecezi`l hlgl ugi emtkrkssimtk hlgpiriîèl å l rigl `l `erketl, gies kspkheaehigkmtk slbrk l Kstitutl `i Hreimîi k `l I`lckshkmtk (KHI). Kssi Cke Ak`kric ale prlgucni`i kg 955: ml Brisec k kstibkckhk `erketls ê ve`i, ê siÿ`k, ê icegkmtiîèl, ê k`uhiîèl, il cizkr, ê prlaesselmiceziîèl, ê hucturi, ê `enme`i`k, il rkspketl k, l gies egplrtimtk, ê cebkr`i`k. Kg hisls `k imécesks slbrk ls `kvkrks `l Ksti`l, hisls hlgl l `k Iunnek skreig hcirigkmtk hibçvkes `k emtkrvkmîèl kstitic, lu hrçtehis `l tepl, i pirter `l glgkmtl quk sku `erketl il rkspketl, ê `enme`i`k k ê cebkr`i`k sèl hlrrlgpe`ls plr inkmtks gicehelsls mi slhek`i`k, quk guetis vkzks sèl bimicezi`ls ml mlssl `ei i `ei (ugi rkciîèl emtkrkssimtk hlg i bimice`i`k `l gic), hlgl ihlmtkhk hlg emÿgkrls olvkms quk pissig plr setuiîûks segecirks, skoi plr skrkg plrti`lrks `k mkhksse`i`ks kspkheies, skoi pkci alrgi `k pkmsir lu `k iner.

 

FIGCKP ‘ XFIDKXZKIRK

I hcéssehi lbri `k Xfidkspkirk, Figckt, pl`k tigbåg skr utecezi`i mi sui rk`iîèl hlgl rkpkrtørel prl`utevl plsetevigkmtk. Kssk pkrslminkg å guetis vkzks imicesi`l pkcis hirihtkrçstehis aeclsøaehis, premhepicgkmtk pkcl rkcitevesgl, kxestkmheicesgl k hktehesgl. Kssis trïs hlrrkmtks `k pkmsigkmtl plssukg `eakrkmtks `kskmvlcvegkmtls, gis quk pl`kg tigbåg skr utecezi`ls kg véreis hlmtkxtuiceziîûks `eakrkmtks. –Mi`i å blg lu giu, i mèl skr plr alrîi `l pkmsigkmtl‗. L rkcitevesgl kmhlmtri`l mkssi arisk `k Figckt pl`k skr emtkrprkti`l quk, i `kpkm`kr `i gkmtk `l em`evç`ul, icnl pl`k skr lu mèl giu. Pu`l essl rkgktk guetl ê e`kei slaesti nrkni, quk fé ugi pkrhkpîèl hciri `k quk i vkr`i`k ibslcuti mèl kxestk, ipkmis ugi vkr`i`k rkcitevi slbrk tl`is is hlesis, l quk pl`k skr guetl emtkrkssimtk piri ousteaehir vérels tkgis-hfivk quk kmvlcvkg pkrnumtis trieîlkeris. –Essl lu iquecl9 i lbri Emhe`kmtk kg Imtirks biski`i kg ugi he`i`k eginemi`i, skg icnugi hlrrksplm`ïmhei hlg i rkice`i`k. Å egplrtimtk rkhlmfkhkr quk kssi lbri ale pubcehi`i `urimtk i `eti`uri gecetir, l quk, egpcehetigkmtk, plssue hrçtehis ê plcçtehi briseckeri `i åplhi. I lbri glstri ugi qukbri `k rltemi nkri`i plr ugi nrkvk nkric mi he`i`k `i lbri, kg quk i he`i`k pirlu ipøs lpkrérels, kmakrgkerls, hlvkerls k guetls lutrls tribicfi`lrks pirirkg `k tribicfir. Hlgl kri egplssçvkc kmtkrrir icnums hi`évkrks quk aickhkrig mkssk pkrçl`l, kcks sk ckvimtirig `k skus hiexûks k hlgkîirig i im`ir pkci he`i`k. Bezirrl, mèl< Fé ug hcirl rkicesgl génehl mi lbri, rkpckti `k iblr`inkms hrçtehis kxtrkgigkmtk rkckvimtks k quk vickg i pkmi skrkg iprlaum`i`is mls kstu`ls `k cetkrituri. cet krituri. Ziri rk`iîèl, icnugis `is icusûks ê lbri quk oucnl emtkrkssimtks piri hlmtkxtuiceziîèl cetkrérei sèl is alrgis `k velcïmhei prkskmtks. I velcïmhei `lgåstehi å kve`kmtk hlg i pkrslminkg Miticemi, quk suplrti plr guetls imls l vçhel `k Zu`eg `k Hihfiîi, sku gire`l. Icåg `essl, i aigi emichimîévkc piri Gkmim`rl, peimesti, rksucti kg lutri alrgi `k velcïmhei, hlmtri se prøprel. Himsi`l `i slce`èl k `ls ksalrîls kg vèl piri tlhir i ‖Ippisselmiti―, kck tkg ug surtl `k rievi k `ksestk `i ve`i ‘ ugi icusèl virei`i piri utecezir kg tkgis quk kmvlcvkg ls prlbckgis rksuctimtks `l suehç`el mi slhek`i`k

 

L GKMEML @L ZEOIGI CEXPRI@L - OLFM OLFM BLUMK Iplstl quk vlhï oé luveu aicir `i lbri L Gkmeml `l Zeoigi Cestri`l, `k Olfm Blymk, quk ale i`ipti`i tigbåg piri ls hemkgis. [gi festørei quk kmvlcvk `uis hreimîis mi åplhi `l mizesgl mi Ickgimfi k quk oé kglhelmlu gecfûks `k kspkhti`lrks. Iblr`ir l cevrl `k Olfm Blymk mi rk`iîèl kmvlcvk rkackxûks slbrk i emnkmue`i`k fugimi `i emaâmhei, quk å kve`kmtk mi lbri. L aecgk aiz ugi alrtk hrçtehi slbrk i enmlrâmhei fugimi, iprkskmtim`l hreimîis, skg prkhlmhketl k skg lpemeèl alrgi`i, segpcksgkmtk sk gesturim`l pkcl prizkr k pkci hlgpimfei `k lutri pkssli. Picvkz i e`kei `k Rlusskiu quk i slhek`i`k hlrrlgpk l flgkg kstkoi bkg gies alrtk kg festøreis isseg, itå gksgl pkcl kmvlcvegkmtl fugiml hlg timtis hucturis k ecusûks. Essl tu`l mls tlrmig emtlckrimtks, errihelmies k gic`lsls guetis vkzks hlg `eshregemiîûks bimicezi`is mi slhek`i`k.

 

L G[M@L @K XLAEI ‘ OLXPKEM NIIR@KR 

@k Olstkem, Niir`kr, L Gum`l `k Xlaei mirri i festørei `k ugi gkmemi, Xlaei Igum`skm, prkstks i hlgpcktir 9; imls, quk rkhkbk ug hurelsl hursl `k aeclslaei plr hirtis. Mkssi festørei kg quk Xlaei tkmti kmtkm`kr l quk ksté ihlmtkhkm`l k pissi plr kssk ‖hursl― `k aeclslaei, kci sk iprlaum`i kg qukstelmigkmtls k rkackxûks slbrk tl`l kssk prlhkssl, glstrim`l i egplrtâmhei `i aeclslaei piri mlssl gum`l k hlgl kvlcueu ls qukstelmigkmtls il clmnl `ls såhucls. Zlr gies quk mèl fioi alrgis tèl `erktis `k hlmtkxtuicezir i lbri mi rk`iîèl, å ugi lbri quk skrvk `e`itehigkmtk piri iprkm`kr ug pluhl gies slbrk `evkrsls aecøslals quk pkrhlrrkrig i festørei `i fugime`i`k k, hlgprkkm`km`l gkcflr, hlmsknuer utecezi-cls `k alrgi gies kgbisi`i, hisl vlhï tkmfi tkgpl cevrk piri essl. @kspkrtir i hlmsheïmhei piri l gum`l il rk`lr, utecezim`l ugi cemnuinkg segpcks k kmvlcvkmtk pl`k skr ugi øtegi alrgi `k iprkm`kr ugi gitårei quk å, guetis vkzks, `kexi`i `k ci`l.

 

ZLR Y[K I QL_ EGZLRPI< - MEHD  HL[C@RU  Zrlaksslr `k Gç`ei k Hlgumehiîûks mi [mevkrse`i`k `k Clm`rks, Mehd Hluc`ry `kakm`k, mi sui lbri –Zlr quk i vlz egplrti