Sobrepeso y Obesidad en La Adolescencia

 

AKOMNEK JM FHA@EOOMVMQ \OHDZMO AKR]CMO ‟CHVÃH GEJMOEH CHVV]GK HOAMVVMAH–

‟QKFVM\MQK U KFMQEJHJ MD OKQ HJKOMQAMDZMQ JM OH EQOH JM AKR]CMO– VM\KVZM JM OH EDWMQZENHAEÑD \HVH H\VKFHV OH  HQENDHZ]VH JM CMZKJKOKNÃH CMZKJKOKNÃH JM OH EDWMQZENHAEÑD. \rmsmdth2 Eres Nhfremoh Aèrjmdhs Qèda`mz 7²G

Ahphaethaeñd2 Zuresck Chmstrh2  Hdtrkp. Chrãh Ouesh Ouesh Nñdnkrh Omñd

Akzucmo, Xuedthdh Vkk h 8< jm Budek jmo 6 .........>   8.1. Kfbmtevks \hrteauohrms…………………………… \hrteauohrms………………………………………………... ………………….............> ..........> Bustegeahaeñd…………………………………………………… ………………………………………...0 ……………...0   8.:. Bustegeahaeñd…………………………   8.=. Hdtmamjmdtms………………………… Hdtmamjmdtms…………………………………………………… ……………………………………....5 …………....5

Ahpãtuok 62 Cmtkjkoknãh   6.8 @epñtmses jm edvmstenhaeñd...………… edvmstenhaeñd...……………………………………… ………………………………….…...88 …….…...88   6.6  Zepks jm edvmstenhaeñd2 edjmpmdjemdtms……………………………………………... …………………......88 ...88   6.6.8 Whrehfoms edjmpmdjemdtms…………………………  

6.6.6 Whrehfoms jmpmdjemdtms………………………… jmpmdjemdtms……………………………………………... ………………….........88 ......88

  6.1. Cmtkjkoknãh jm oh edvmstenhaeñd………………………………………….....86 edvmstenhaeñd………………………………………….....86

Ahpãtuok 12 Chrak Zmñreak tmñreak……………………………………………….86 ….86   1.8. Edtrkjuaaeñd ho chrak tmñreak…………………………………………… nrhshs…………………... hs…………………...………………….... …………………....86 86   1.8.8. Oh tmkrãh jm ohs aåouohs nrhs

  1.8.6. Oh `epñtmses edtmrdh/mxtmrdh…………………………………………….81 smrktkdedh…………………………………………… …………………………….8: ….8:   1.8.1.  Oh tmkrãh jm oh smrktkdedh…………………

  1.8.:. Oh tmkrãh jmo peaktmk……………………………………………… peaktmk……………………………………………………..8: ……..8:   1.6. Chrak Vmgmrmdaeho……………………… Vmgmrmdaeho…………………………………………………… …………………………………….8= ……….8=  

kfms ejhj md hjkomsamdtms……………………………..8= 1.6.8. Mo skfrmpmsk y kfmsejhj

 

1.6.6. Jehndñsteak jm udh pmrskdh akd sk skfrmpmsk frmpmsk y kfmsejhj…… kfmsejhj…………….87 ……….87

 

1.6.1. Ãdjeam jm chsh Akrp Akrpkrho………………………… krho……………………………………………….. ……………………....8> ..8>

 

fmsejhj…………………………………………...80 ………………...80 1.6.:. Akck sm aohsegeah oh kkfmsejhj…………………………

 

1.6.=. Zepks jm kfms kfmsejhj……………………… ejhj…………………………………………………… …………………………………85 ……85

  1.1. Ghatkrms qum edgouymd md mo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj…………………...... kfmsejhj…………………......85 85 \ènedh | 6

 

 

1.1.8. Ghatkrms mtekoñneaks……………………… mtekoñneaks………………………………………………… ……………………………...85 …...85

  1.1.6. Ghatkrms jmo sestmch dmrvek amdtrho…………………………………….6<   1.1.1. Ghatkrms pseakoñneaks………………………… pseakoñneaks…………………………………………………… …………………………..68 ..68   1.1.:. Ghatkrms skaehoms………………………… skaehoms……………………………………………………… …………………………….....68 .....68   1.1.=. Ghatkrms Nmdåteaks…………………… Nmdåteaks………………………………………………… …………………………………..68 ……..68   1.1.7. Ghatkrms Hcfemdthoms………………… Hcfemdthoms……………………………………………… …………………………………..66 ……..66   1.1.>. Cmjeahcmdtks…………………… Cmjeahcmdtks……………………………………………… ………………………………………...61 ……………...61   1.1.0. Hspmatks Gesekoñneaks………………………………………………… Gesekoñneaks……………………………………………………...61 …...61  1.:. Akcpoeahaekdms md pmrskdhs qum phjmamd skfrmpmsk y kfmsejhj……....6:   1.:.8. Akdsmaumdaehs pseakoñneahs…………………………… pseakoñneahs……………………………………………...6: ………………...6:   1.:.6. Mdgmrcmjhjms   1.:.6.8. Mdgmrcmjhjms akrkdhrehs (mdgmrcmjhjms jmo akrhzñd)…………….6=   1.:.6.6. Jehfmtms cmooetus…………………… cmooetus………………………………………………… ……………………………………6= ………6=   1.:.6.1. Jesoepmceh………………… Jesoepmceh……………………………………………… ………………………………………………67 …………………67   1.:.6.:. @epmrtmdseñd hrtmreho…………………………… hrtmreho……………………………………………………. ………………………..67 .67   1.:.6.=. Mdgmrcmjhjms ahrjekvhsauohrms………………………………… ahrjekvhsauohrms……………………………………….67 …….67   1.:.6.7. Mdgmrcmjhjms jenmstevhs……………………… jenmstevhs……………………………………………….6> ……………………….6>   1.:.6.>. Mdgmrcmjhjms rmsperhtkrehs…………………………………………….6> rmsperhtkrehs…………………………………………….6>   1.:.6.0. Hotmrhaekdms ñsmhs y hrteauohaekdms……………………………………6> hrteauohaekdms……………………………………6> choendks)………………………………………...6> ………………...6>   1.:.6.5. Dmkpohsehs (tuckrms choendks)………………………   1.:.1. Vemsnks……………………… Vemsnks………………………………………………… ……………………………………………... …………………...60 60  

1.:.1.8. Ckrfeoejhj pseakoñneah…………………………… pseakoñneah…………………………………………….... ……………….........60 .....60

 

cmjeah……………………………………………………… …………………………….60 .60 1.:.1.6. Ckrfeoejhj cmjeah…………………………

  1.:.:. Zrhthcemdtk jmo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj md hjkomsamdtms…………...65  

1.:.:.8. Mbmraeaek…………………… Mbmraeaek………………………………………………… …………………………………………..... ……………......18 .18

 

pseaktmrhpåuteaks…………………………………………….18 1.:.:.6. Hspmatks pseaktmrhpåuteaks…………………………………………….18

 

1.:.:.1. Hpkyk dutreaekdho y rm-mjuahaekdho dutreaekdho……………………….16 dutreaekdho……………………….16

 

1.:.:.:. Gèrchaks…………………………………………………………………11

 

1.:.:.=. Zrhthcemdtk queròrneak2 aerunãh fhrãteah……………………………….1:

  1.=. Akdaouseñd………………………………………………………………………1= \ènedh | 1

 

Ahpãtuok :2 Jesmøk jm edvmstenhaeñd edvmstenhaeñd…………………………………………………… ……………………………17 17   :.8. Zåadeah jm edvmstenhaeñd………………………   :.6. Mdaumsth………………………… Mdaumsth…………………………………………………… …………………………………………...17 ………………...17   :.1. Zhfuohaeñd jm jhtks…………………………………………… jhtks…………………………………………………………1> ……………1>   :.=. Hdèoeses jm rmsuothjks………………………………………………… rmsuothjks…………………………………………………….....10 ….....10

Ahpãtuok =2 Hdmxks Ecènmdms…………………………………………………… ………………………………………….:8 ……………….:8   =.8. Ecènmdms…………………………   =.6. Fefoeknrhgãhs………………… Fefoeknrhgãhs……………………………………………… ……………………………………………….:6 ………………….:6

 

\ènedh | :

 

EDZVKJ]AAEÑD Oh prmsmdtm edvmstenhaeñd sm rmgemrm ho tmch jm skfrmpmsk y kfmsejhj md oh esoh jm Akzu Ak zucm cmo,o, ms ud tmch tmch pk pkoå oåce ceak ak md oh skae skaemj mjhj hj pk pkrq rqum um ahjh ahjh vmz vmz `h `hyy cè cèss hjkomsamdtms qum sugrmd jm skfrmpmsk y mo mbmraeaek ok jmbhd h ud ohjk sed prhateahrok.  Oh predaepho ahrhatmrãsteah jm msth prkfomcèteah ms qum yh sm `h akdvmrtejk md udh phdjmceh, dk skok md oh esoh se dk md tkjk mo cudjk, `hy qum mcpmzhr jmsjm hfhbk phrh jmtmrcedhr oh nrhd ahdtejhj jm pmrskdhs qum mxestmd akd kfmsejhj. Mo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj skd mdgmrcmjhjms jkdjm ud mxamsk jm nrhsh ms haucuohjh md mo aumrpk. \hrh hdhoezhr msth prkfomcèteah ms dmamshrek cmdaekdhr  sus ahushs. Honudhs jm moohs skd, oh ghoth jm mbmraeaek, mo mxamsk jm hoecmdthaeñd akd akcejh a`hthrrh y md honudks ahsks, mdgmrcmjhjms nmdåteahs, mdtrm ktrhs. Oh ed edvm vmst sten enhae haeñd ñd sm rm rmho hoez ezñ ñ ak akd d mo ed edtm tmrå råss jm sh shfmr fmr auèom auèomss sk skd d oh ohss ahu ahush shss akdsmau akd smaumdae mdaehs hs y chra chrahs hs qum mst msths hs mdg mdgmrc mrcmjhj mjhjms ms pum pumjmd jmd jmb jmbhr, hr, hjm hjmcès cès ms ecpkrthdtm ecpkrt hdtm shfmr qum trhthcem trhthcemdtk dtk sm pumjm hpoeahr, sm pumjm mdakdt mdakdtrhr rhr udh thfoh phrh jmtmrcedhr auhdjk udh pmrskdh sugrm jm skfrmpmsk u kfmsejhj, thcfeåd sm pumjmd kfsmrvhr oks jegmrmdtms tepks jm kfmsejhj qum `hy y ohs mdgmrcmjhjms qum trhm akdsenk. \hrh \hr h msth msth ed edvms vmstetenh nhae aeñd ñd sm mcpo mcpomñ mñ oh tå tåad adea eah h jm ed edvm vmst sten enha haeñ eñd d mc mcpã pãrea reah. h. Oh edvmstenhaeñd sm rmhoezñ akd udh smrem jm mdtrmvesths phrh jmtmrcedhr cmbkr mo ãdjeam jm hjkomsamdtms qum sugrmd jm skfrmpmsk y kfmsejhj. Akd msth edvmstenhaeñd sm pujk oomnhr h hdhoezhr oks ghatkrms qum edgouymd md oks hjkomsamdtms phrh oomnhs h qumjhr kfmsks y thcfeåd auhoms skd oks cmbkrms cåtkjks phrh rmjuaer su pmsk m edtmdthr oomnhr ho pmsk hjmauhjk. Ms ecpkrthdtm ommr msth edvmst edvmstenhaeñ enhaeñd, d, oh edgkrc edgkrchaeñd haeñd mxpumsth om pumjm smr òteo se jmsmh edgkrchrsm hamrah jmo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj.

\ènedh | =

 

‟QKFVM\MQK U KFMQEJHJ MD OKQ HJKOMQAMDZMQ JM OH EQOH JM AKR]CMO– AH\ÃZ]OK 8 8.8. \ohdtmhcemdtk jmo prkfomch Md oh hatuhoejhj mo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj skd mdgmrcmjhjms akdsejmrhjhs akck udh mpejmceh k cmbkr jea`k phdjmceh pkr krqu qum m `h hoahdzh zhj jk devmoms ecprmsekdhdtms md mo jmshrrkook qum `h tmdejk, pkr udh phrtm mo skfrmpmsk y oh kfmsejhj skd mdgmrcmjhjms akdsejmrhjhs jm ahrèatmr skaeho y ghceoehr yh qum predaephocm predae phocmdtm dtm mstks jks ghatkrms edtmrgemrm edtmrgemrmd d cua`k md oks ejmhoms y phshte phshtemcpks mcpks qum ud hjkomsamdtm pumjh tmdmr, msths mdgmrcmjhjms sm edeaehd md mo `knhr h phrter jmo msteok jm vejh qum oomvm oh ghceoeh y oks ejmhoms qum sm edauoqumd, cua`hs pmrsk pm rskdhs dhs pe pemd mdsh shd d qu qum m ok cès cès ec ecpkr pkrth thdt dtm m dk ms sm smrr sh shou oujh jhfo fom, m, se sedk dk ‟vm ‟vmrs rsm m shoujhfom– y pemdshd qum oh cmbkr gkrch jm oknrhrok ms msthr ‟femd dutrejk– pmrk dk jm oh gkrch akrrmath. Hjmcès ud prkfomch ud edgouymdtm md oh skaemjhj ms qum dk sm `h gkcmdthjk ho 86>, mo jmsarefm akck ahush predaepho jm oh kfmsejhj, mo smjmdthresck y oh ednmsth jm hoecmdtks dk thd shoujhfoms (juoams, nrhsh y akcejhs akd hametm). Md 8>7< sm pufoeah ktrh tmses y temdm akck hutkr h Choakoc Gomcydn, mo smøhoh auhtrk ahushs predaephoms jm oh kfmsejhj, oh precmrh rmohaekdhjh akd mo mxamsk jm ednmsth hoe hoecmdthreh cmdthreh jm tepk nrhsk, hudqum mo smøhoh qum dk tkjks oks kfmsks skd nrhdjms akcmjkrms9 ohs ktrhs trms ahushs mstèd rmohaekdhjhs akd udh hotmrhaeñd md oh tmxturh jm oh cmcfrhdh amouohr y ud hdkrcho msthjk md oh shdnrm qum ghaeoeth mo jmpñsetk jm nrhsh. Md oh precmrh cethj jmo senok PP aohsegeak oh kfmsejhj md ‟mdjñnmdh– y ‟mxñnmdh–, oh mdjñnmdh jmpmdjemdjk jm oh prmjkcedhaeñd jmo ghatkr nmdåteak y mxñnmdk jmpmdjemdjk jmo mxamsk jm ednmsth y smjmdthresck. Zhcfeåd sm ejmdtegeahrkd honudkss tepks jm kfmsejhj, skfrm tkjk jm tepk `krckd honudk `krckdho. ho. Md Msthjks Msthjks ]dejks, trhs oh 8² numrrh cudjeho, sm prkjubk ud nrhd ahcfek md mo ahcfek jm fmoomzh gmcmdedk, amdtrèdjksm md genurhs gmcmdedhs jm mxtrmch jmonhjmz, msth genurh prktktepk sm `h hgehdzhjk y mxtmdjejk `hsth dumstrks jãhs. Oh aohsegeahaeñd jm oh kfmsejhj jmsjm mo hsp hspmat matk k sk skae aeho ho,, au auototur urho ho y mst mståt åtea eak k ju jurh rhdt dtm m mo seno senok k PP mstè mstè oeoenh nhjh jh ak akd d mo mstmrmktepk jm jmonhjmz. Md mo høk 8555 sm `ezk oh pufoeahaeñd jm oh jmaohrhaeñd jm Ceoèd jkdjm oks phãsms jm oh udeñd murkpmh hsucemrkd qum oh kfmsejhj akdstetuym ud trhstkrdk fèseak y jm oh auho sm jmshrrkoohd mdgmrc mdgmrcmjhjms mjhjms jm tkjk tepk. Oh Krnhdezhaeñd Krnhdezhaeñd Cudjeho jm oh Qh Qhou ouj j (K (KCQ CQ)) jmshr jmshrrk rkooook k ud udh h ms mstr trht htmne mneh h ph phrh rh rmj rmjua uaer er md ae aemrt mrth h ahdte ahdtejh jhj j oh kfmsejhj, prkpusk mstrhtmnehs hoecmdthrehs y hatevejhj gãseah phrh tmdmr udh cmbkr  shouj, mstk gum md mo høk 6% jm 1<  bñvmdms, om nusth cès akdsucer akcejh a`hthrrh y hud hsã senumd sed `hamr honudh hatevejhj gãseah, pkr msh rhzñd su pmsk senum momvhdjk. Msth prmnudth ms cuy ecpkrthdtm pkrqum edvkouarh h oks phjrms, oh chykrãh jm oks phphs dk shfmd qum su `ebk mstè phshdjk pkr udh mdgmrcmjhj, oh auho se dk sm \ènedh | 15

7>%

 

\rmnudth 5

\rmnudth 0

81%

61%

8>%

6>%

h) Qe

h) Qe 8% jm oks bñvmdms rmspkdjeñ qum se phrteaephrãhd md mo prknrhch, h ged jm aumdths ms pkr su prkpek femdmsthr y pkr su shouj.

Ms ecpkrthdtm pkdmr cès htmdaeñd h oh skaemjhj hjkomsamdtm, akd msth mdaumsth y sus rmsuothjks, dks pkjmcks jhr aumdth qum oks bñvmdms qum sugrm jm skfrmpmsk y kfmsejhj sk chykrcmdtm pkr mo akdsuck mxamsevk jm hoecmdtks a`hthrrh, hjmcès jm qum oh chykrãh prmgemrm vmr tmomveseñd md vmz jm prhateahr honòd jmpkrtm gãseak. Ms ecp ecpkrt krthdt hdtm m qum sm ecp ecpomc omcmdt mdtmd md ahcphø ahcphøhs hs phrh prkckv prkckvmr mr mo mbm mbmraea raeaek ek md  bñvmdms akd skfrmpmsk, pmrk thcfeåd ms udh fumdh ejmh qum phrteaepmd md ghceoeh y qum oks phjrms mcpemamd h akdaemdtezhrsm hamrah jm mstm prkfomch yh qum md oh hatuhoejhj dk ms secpomcmdtm udh mdgmrcmjhj, h`krh ms udh phdjmceh, akd akdsmaumdaehs cuy gumrtms md oh shouj jmo hjkomsamdtm kfmsk, `hy qum pkdmr cès htmdaeñd, htmdae ñd, mo `ma`k jm qum ud `ebk, mstm nkrjk, dk sendeg sendegeah eah qum msth shoujh shoujhfom, fom, dk sm akdgudjhd.

AH\EZ]OK =2 HDMPKQ =.8. Ecènmdms

 

\ènedh | :8

 

 

=.6. Fefoeknrhgãhs - Mjetkrh Dmutredh, Mjeaekd 80, vkoucmd 6, Qhdtk Jkcednk VJ, Kfmsejhj »Ms oh nkrjurh udh mdgmrcmjhj;, Jhvej O. Ihtz.(Vmvesth) -MO -MO \V \VKF KFOM OMCH CH JM OH KF KFMQ MQEJ EJHJ HJ MD CÅ CÅPE PEAK AK22 jehn jehndñ dñst stea eak k y haae haaekd kdms ms rmnuohtkrehs phrh mdgrmdthrok,  Jkaucmdtks jm Edvmstenhaeñd md Vmnuohaeñd Dk. 6