Soalan Struktur Dan Esei
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RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
5
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Sejea 5 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`oyfeset tfogen celes gf eotere leruteo nelfui fkgfg` geo efr nlkrfo i`leluf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren. Gfemrei 5 sakws ta` s`t- up kh epperetus tk fov`stfmet` ta` r`ebtfko c`tw``o pktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko eog balkrfo` wet`r tarkuma ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob`.. M
@l`btrkg` T
@l`btrkg` U
Tktessfui fkgfg`
Balkrfo` wet`r
skluko
Gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg
GFEMSEI / SEJEA 5 5
f.
Ep Epen enea ea huom huomsf sf esfg esfg su sulh lhur urfn fn be befr fr; ;
]aet fs ta` huobtfko kh gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg; ………………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iern Y ff. Tege rejea 5, lunfsneo erea p`omelfreo `l`ntrko ‒ `l`ntrko. `l`ntrko. Ko ta` gfemrei 5, grew ta` gfr`btfko kh ta` hlkw kh `l`btrkos. ^5 iern Y fff.
Epenea p`ruceaeo p`ruceaeo weroe gelei leruteo gf s`nfter `l`ntrkg `l`ntrkg ; (f) ]aet fs ta` bklkur baeom` baeom` fo ta` sklutfko erkuog `l`btrkg` `l`btrkg` T; .................................................................................................................................. ^5 iern Y fv. (ff) Aurefneo setu ujfeo nfife uotun i`o`otuneo aesfl yeom t`rc`otun gelei leruteo gf `l`ntrkg T. T. G`sbrfc` e ba`ifbel t`st tk g`t`rifo` ta` prkgubt hkri`g fo ta` sklutfko et `l`btrkg` T. …………………………………………………………………………….............. ……………………………………………………………………………............... ^3 ierns Y v. Epenea Epenea cea ceaeo eo yeom yeom gfkns gfknsfg fgene eneo o gelei gelei `nsp` `nsp`rfi rfi`o; `o;W`r W`reom eomneo neo i`o i`omep mepe. e. ]aet fs ta` sucsteob` taet fs c`fom kxfgfs`g fo ta` `xp`rfi`ot; @xplefo way. …………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..... ^3 ierns Y vf. Wulfsneo setu p`rseieeo s`t`omea cemf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu gf `l`ntrkg U. U. ]rft` e aelh `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko taet kbburs et `l`btrkg` U. ………………………………………………………………………………………….... ^5 iern Y
5
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 vff.
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Begeomneo r`em`o lefo yeom ckl`a i`ommeotfneo efr nlkrfo. nlkrfo. Rumm`st eokta`r r`em`ot taet beo r`pleb` balkrfo` wet`r.
……………………………………………… ……………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………….................... ……….................... ^5 iern Y vfff. vfff.
Epenea Epenea p`ru p`rucea ceaeo eo okick okickrr p`omkn p`omknsfg sfgeeo eeo cemf cemf nlkrf nlkrfo o gelei gelei tfoge tfogen n celes; celes; ]aet fs ta` baeom` fo kxfgetfko ouic`r kh balkrfo` fo ta` r`ebtfko;
…………………………………………………………………………………………...... ^5 iern Y 3
Jeguel 3 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges geo p`i`raetfeo tfme `nsp`rfi`o uotun i`omnejf tfogen celes r`gkns. Wecl` 3 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus eog kcs`rvetfkos kcs`rvetfkos kh tar`` `xp`rfi`ots tk fov`stfmet` ta` r`gkx r`ebtfko. @nsp`rfi` Rusuoeo reges T`i`raetfeo o R`t-up kh epperetus Kcs`rvetfko @xp`rfi`ot
Iemo`sfui t`rcener g`omeo t`reom. Bercko gfkxfg` Cenf putfa geo s`rcun aftei t`rc`otun. mes Iemo`sfui Iemo`sfu i curos crfmatly. ]aft` r`sfgu` eog clebn pkwg`r Mes nercko hkri`g.
Mes jer Celeom mes
F
A`et`g iemo`sfui Iemo`sfui yeom
gfknsfge
peoes
Ebfgfh`g pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF)
FF Frko (FF) sulpaet` H`rui(FF) sulhet
]eroe uomu nelfui ieomeoet (XFF) (XFF) c`resfg gfoyeaweroeneo. Leruteo h`rui(FF) h`rui(FF) sulhet sulhet c`rtuner gerfpege afjeu n`pege nuofom. Wa` purpl` bklkur ebfgfhf`g pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet`(XFF) g`bklkurfs`s. g`bklkurf s`s. Frko(FF) sulpaet` sklutfko baeom`s hrki mr``o tk y`llkw.
Zfob
FFF
Zfon
Frko (FF) sulpaet` H`rui (FF) sulhet
3
Zfon i`lerut. T`p`jel n`lecu t`rc`otun. Zfob gfssklv`g. Mr`y sklfg hkri`g.
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
(e)C`rgeserneo @nsp`rfi`o F : (e)C`rgeserneo Ces`g ko @xp`rfi`ot F : (f)Oyeteneo oeie cenf putfa geo s`rcun aftei ftu. Rtet` ta` oei` kh ta` waft` r`sfgu` eog ta` clebn pkwg`r. Cenf putfa / ]aft` r`sfgu` : ……………………………………………………….. R`rcun aftei / Clebn Clebn pkwg`r : ……………………………………………………. ^5 iern Y (ff)
Wulfsneo p`rseieeo nfife s`ficeom cemf tfogen celes ftu. ]rft` e celeob`g ba`ifbel `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko. ........................................................................................................................ ^3 ierns iernsYY (fff) Ceaeo ieoenea yeom i`omeleif p`ouruoeo; Oyeteneo setu s`cec cemf jewepeo eoge. ]afba sucsteob` uog`rmk`s uog`rmk`s r`gubtfko; Rtet` e r`esko hkr ykur eosw`r. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ^3 ierns iernsYY
(c)
C`rgeserneo @nsp`rfi`o FF : Ces`g ko ta` @xp`rfi`ot FF :
(f (f))
(ff (ff))
Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo cemf h`rui. Rt Rte et` ta` ta` bae baeo om` fo fo k kxf xfg getf etfko ou ouic` ic`r kh kh ffrk rko. o. ........................................................................................................................ ^5 iern Y Begeomneo r`em`o lefo yeom ckl`a i`ommeotfneo nelfui ieomeoet (XFF) (XFF) c`resfg. Rumm`s Rumm`stt eokta` eokta`rr r`em` r`em`ot ot taet taet beo r`pl r`pleb` eb` ebfg ebfgfhf fhf`g `g pktes pktessf sfui ui ieomeoet`(XFF).
(b)
........................................................................................................................ ^5 iern Y C`rgeserneo @nsp`rfi`o FF geo FF geo @nsp`rfi`o FFF FFF ceogfomneo ceogfomneo p`reoeo fko h`rui(FF). h`rui (FF). W`reomneo jewepeo eoge gerf s`mf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko. Ces`g Ces`g ko @xp`r @xp`rfi`o fi`ott FF eog @xp`rfi` @xp`rfi`ot ot FFF bkipe bkiper` r` ta` ta` huobtfko huobtfko kh frko(FF) frko(FF) fko. @xplefo ykur eosw`r fo t`ris kh `l`btrko treosh`r. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ^7 ierns iernsYY 2
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
2 (e)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Sejea 2.5 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges `nsp`rfi`o uotun i`omnejf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege suetu jeren. Gfemrei 2.5 sakws ta` epperetus s`t-up kh eo `xp`rfi`ot tk fov`stfmet` ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob`.
Bercko Q
Bercko V
Nercko Q
Nercko V
Ebfgfh`g pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF)
Frko (FF) sulpaet` skluko
skluko Leruteo h`rui(FF) sulhet
Leruteo nelfui ieomeoet (XFF) c`resfg
Gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg
Gfemrei 2.5 Sejea 2.5
Esfg sulhurfn befr
(f) Oyeteneo Oyeteneo oeie oeie em`o p`omkn p`omknsfge sfgeeo eo gelei gelei tfogen tfogen celes fof. fof. Rtet` ta` oei` kh ta` kxfgfzfom em`ot fo tafs r`ebtfko. …………………………………………………………………………………….... ^ 5 iernY (ff) I`rujun pege tfogen tfogen celes celes yeom c`rlenu c`rlenu gf gf nercko Q : S`h`rrfom tk ta` r`ebtfko taet ten`s pleb` et bercko Q : (fff) Wulfsneo p`rseieeo p`rseieeo s`t`omea s`t`omea uotun tfogen celes celes ftu. ]rft` ta` aelh aelh `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko. r`ebtfko. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^ 5 iernY (fv) Oyeteneo setu p`i`raetfeo p`i`raetfeo ye yeom om c`rlenu. Rtet` ko` kcs`rvetfko taet kbburr`g. ……………………………………………… ……………………… ………………………………….............………………… ………….............…………………… … ^ 5 iernY (v) Wuojunneo erea p`omelfreo p`omelfreo `l`ntrko gelei Sejea Sejea 2.5 Rakw ta` gfr`btfko kh ta` `l`btrko hlkw fo Gfemrei 2.5
(vf) I`rujun pege tfogen celes celes yeom c`rlenu pege nercko V, aftuomneo okickr p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfg eeo cemf ieomeo ieomeo gelei IoK IoK7S`h`rrfom tk ta` r`ebtfko taet ten`s pleb` et bercko V, belbulet` ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r kh ieomeo`s` fo IoK7-
^ 3 iernsY
7
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
(c)
Sejea 2.3 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`omnejf p`oy`sereo aelkm`o gerfpege leruteo leruteo aelfgeoye. aelfgeoye. Efr nlkrfo gfteicea n` gelei gelei tecuom ujf yeom i`omeoguomf leruteo nelfui fkgfge geo p`lerut krmeofn 5,5,5-trfnlkrk`teoe. Gfemrei 2.3 sakws sakws ta` epperetus s`t-up tk fov`stfmet` ta` gfspleb`i`o gfspleb`i`ott kh aelkm`o hrki fts aelfg` aelfg` sklutfko. sklutfko. Balkrfo` Balkrfo` wet`r wes wes egg`g tk e t`st tuc` bkotefofom bkotefofo m e pktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko eog krmeofb sklv`ot, 5,5,5-trfbalkrk`taeo`. 5,5,5-trfbalkrk`taeo`.
Balkrfo` wet`r
Efr nlkrfo
Tktessfui fkgfg` skluko Leruteo nelfui
Raen` Mkobeom
Crkwo skluko Leruteo p`reom
fkgfge
Turpl`
5,5,5-trfbalkrk`taeo` 5,5,5-trfnlkrk`teoe
(f (f))
krmeofb ley`r
Sejea 2.3 Gfemrei 2.3
Lepfseo krmeofn
Wulf Wulfsn sneo eo p`rs p`rsei eiee eeo o fko fko cemf cemf tf tfog ogen en cele celes s ftu ftu.. ]rft` ta` fkofb `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko.
...... ……………………………………………… ……………………… ……………………………………………… ………………………………….................... ………….................... ^ 5 iernY (ff)
Epenea huomsf huomsf efr nlkrfo; ]aet fs ta` huobtfko kh balkrfo` wet`r; ………………………………………………………………………....................................... ^ 5 iernY (fff) Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo cemf fkgfo. Rtet` ta` baeom` kh kxfgetfko ouic`r hkr fkgfo`. ................................................................…………………………………………… ^ 5 iernY (fv) Oyeteneo oeie setu ceaeo ujf lefo yeom ckl`a i`ommeotfneo efr nlkrfo Rtet` ta` oei` kh eokta`r r`em`ot taet beo r`pleb` balkrfo` wet`r ............................................………………………………………………………… ^ 5 iernY
0
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
7. Jeguel 7 i`ouojunneo gue tfogenceles r`gkns Wecl` 7 sakws twk r`gkx r`ebtfkos. Wfogenceles S`ebtfko
T`rseieeo @quetfko
F
3OA2(m) + 2Cr 3(m)
FF
3H`3+(eq) + Cr 3(eq)
O3(m) + 8ACr(m)
3H`2+(eq) + 3Cr -(eq)
Wecl ` 7 ^Jeguel 7Y
(e)
Gelei tfogenceles F Fo r`ebtfko F (f) Ep Epene enea a p`ruc p`ruceae eaeo o oki okickr ckr p`omk p`omknsf nsfge geeo eo oftrk oftrkm` m`o; o; ]aet fs ta` baeom` fo kxfgetfko ouic`r kh oftrkm`o; …………………………………………………………………………………………
^F ierneaY
(ff)
Oyeteneo j`ofs tfogenceles gelei (e)(f).
Rtet` ta` typ` kh r`ebtfko fo (e)(f).
……………………………………………………………………………………………
^F ierneaY (c)
(f)
Jfne mes crkifo gfmeotfneo g`omeo g`omeo mes nlkrfo reielneo reielneo n`r`entfheo tfogenceles mes nlkrfo c`rceogfom g`omeo mes crkifo gelei tfogenceles fof. Fh crkifo` mes fo S`ebtfko F fs r`pleb`g cy balkrfo` mes,pr`gfbt ta` r`ebtfvfty kh ta` balkrfo` mes bkiper` tk crkifo` mes fo ta` r`ebtfko
............................………………………………………………………………………………
(f) W`reomne W`reomneo o jewe jewepeo peo eoge gf (c)(f) (c)(f) @xplefo ykur eosw`r fo (c)(f) ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... . ^3 ierneaY
8
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (b)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Gelei tfogenceles FF, Fo r`ebtfko FF, (f)
Epenea p`reoeo p`reoeo Cr 3 3;. ;. ]aet fs fs ta` huobtfko kh Cr 3;
……………………………………………………………………………………………
^F ierneaY
(ff)
W`reomneo jewepeo eoge gelei (b)(f) @xplefo ykur eosw`r fo (b)(f)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
^F ierneaY ^ 5 iernY (g)
Aurefneo setu ujfeo uotun i`ouojunneo Aurefneo i`ouojunneo tfogenceles FF t`leac`rle t`leac`rlenu nu G`sbrfc` e ba`ifbel t`st tk sakw taet r`ebtfko FF aes kbburr`g.
…….............................................................................................................................. ^ 3 iernsY
(` )
Retu leruteo i`omeoguomf i`omeoguomf fko fko H`3+ gelei tfogenceles FF gfmeotf g`omeo setu leruteo yeom i`omeoguom i`omeoguomff fkoF ‒ Epenea eneo gfp`raetfneo epecfle t`trenlkrki`teoe gfbeipurneo n`pege leruteo t`raesfl geo n`iugfeo gfmkobeom. Wa` sklutfko bkotefofom H`3+ fkos fo r`ebtfko r`ebtfko FF fs r`pleb`g cy e sklutfko sklutfko bkotefofom bkotefofom F ‒ fkos. ]aet wkulg c` kcs`rv`g wa`o t`trebalkrki`taeo` fs egg`g tk ta` r`sultfom sklutfko eog fs ta`o saen`o; ...........................................……………………………………………………………… ........................................... ………………………………………………………………
^F ierneaY ^ 5 iernY
=
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
0. Sejea 0 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`omnejf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren.@l`ntrkg nercko nercko T gfb`lup gfb`lup n` gelei leruteo leruteo nelfui fkgfge fkgfge ieoenele ieoenele `l`ntrkg nercko nercko U gfb`lup n` gelei leruteo nelfui gfnrkiet (XF) c`resfg. Gfemrei 0 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus tk stugy ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob`. Bercko `l`btrkg` T fs gfpp`g fotk pktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko wa`r`es bercko `l`btrkg` U fs gfpp`g fotk ebfgfhf`g pktessfui gfbarkiet` (XF) sklutfko.
Bercko `l`btrkg` U
Bercko `l`btrkg` T
@l`ntrkg nercko U
@l`ntrkg nercko T
Ebfgfhf`g pktessfui pktessfui gfbarkiet` (XF) sklutfko
Tktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko Leruteo nelfui fkgfge
Leruteo nelfui gfnrkiet (XF) c`resfg
Rulpaurfb ebfg Esfg sulhurfn Sejea 0
(e)
Gfemrei 0 T`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren i`rupeneo setu tfogen celes r`gkns. Epenea tfogen tfogen celes r`gkns; r`gkns; Wreosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob` fs e r`gkx r`ebtfko. ]aet fs r`gkx r`ebtfko;
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ^5 iernY (c) (c) Epen enea ea huo huomsf esf sfg g su sulhurf hurfn n ge gele lei i `ns `nsp` p`rf rfi` i`o o fo fof; ]aet fs ta` huobtfko kh sulpaurfb ebfg fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot; …….. ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY (b)
Lunfsneo eoen peoea uotun i`ouojunneo erea p`omelfreo `l`ntrko gelei Sejea 0. Grew eo errkw tk sakw ta` gfr`btfko kh `l`btrkos hlkw fo Gfemrei 0.
^5 iernY
1
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (g)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
.Wulfs s`t`omea p`rseieeo cemf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntrkg T. ]rft` ta` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` t a` r`ebtfko kbburr`g et `l`btrkg` T
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(` )
R`l`pes 54 ifoft, ifoft, c`c`repe c`c`repe tftfs leruteo neojf neojf gfteiceaneo gfteiceaneo n` gelei leruteo leruteo pege `l`ntrkg T.
Eht`r 54 ifout`s, e h`w grkps kh sterba sklutfko er` egg`g tk ta` sklutfko et `l`btrkg` T. Epenea p`ruceaeo p`ruceaeo weroe weroe leruteo ftu; ]aet fs ta` bklkur baeom` kh ta` sklutfko;
..…………………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY (h)
T`rseieeo c`rfnut i`ouojunneo s`t`omea p`rseieeo cemf tfogen celes pege `l`ntrkg U. Wa` hkllkwfom `quetfko sakws ta` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko et `l`btrkg` U.
Br 3K= 3‒ (eq) + 57A+ (eq) + 8`
3Br
2+
(eq) + =A3K (l)
3‒ (f)Aftuomneo okickr p`omknsfgeeo cemf nrkifui gelei fko Br 3 (f)Aftuomneo 3K = . Belbulet` ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r kh barkifui fo Br 3K= 3‒ fko.
^5 iernY (ff)Oyeteneo prks`s yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntrkg U. Rtet` ta` prkb`ss kbburs et `l`btrkg` U.
..………………………………………………………………………………………
(fff)W`reomneo (fff) W`reomneo prks`s gf 7(`)(ff) gerf s`mf p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo. @xplefo ta` prkb`ss et 7(`)(ff) fo t`ris kh baeom` fo kxfgetfko ouic`r ………………………………………………………………………………………..………
(fv)
………………………………………………………………………………………………. ^3 iernsY Oeieneo ceaeo nfife lefo yeom ckl`a gfmuoeneo cemf i`ommeotfneo leruteo nelfui gfnrkiet (XF) c`resfg. Oei` eokta`r ba`ifbel ba`ifbel taet beo c` us`g tk r`pleb` ebfgfhf`g pktessfui gfbarkiet` (XF) sklutfko.
................................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY 6
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
8
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Jeguel 8.5 i`ouojun Jeguel i`ouojunneo neo n`putuseo n`putuseo `nsp`rfi `nsp`rfi`o `o yeom gfjeleon gfjeleoneo eo uotun uotun i`iceog i`iceogfomn fomneo eo n`ckl`aeo aelkm`o s`cemef em`o p`omknsfgeeo gelei tfogen celes p`oy`sereo aelkm`o. Wecl`8 Wec l`8.5 .5 sakws sakws ta` r`sult r`sult kh eo `xp`rf `xp`rfi` i`ot ot tae taett fs berrf` berrf`g g kut tk bk bkipe iper` r` ta` ecfl ecflfty fty kh aelkm`os es kxfgfzfom em`ots fo aelkm`o gfspleb`i`ot r`ebtfkos.
Nelfui nlkrfge Tktessfui balkrfg`.
Nelfui crkifge Tktessfui crkifg`.
Nelfui fkgfge Tktessfui fkgfg`.
Nlkrfo Balkrfo`
Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Crkifo Crkifo`
Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Wfogen celes c`rlenu S`ebtfko kbburr`g Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Wfogen celes c`rlenu S`ebtfko kbburr`g Wfogen celes c`rlenu S`ebtfko kbburr`g
Fkgfo Fkgfo`
Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Wfege tfogen celes Ok r`ebtfko
Jeguel 8.5 Wecl`8.5 (e)
Oyeteneo p`i`raetfeo cemf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu eotere nlkrfo geo leruteo nelfui crkifge. Rtet` ta` kcs`rvetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko c`tw``o balkrfo` eog pktessfui crkifg` sklutfko. ............................................................................................................................
(c)
(f)
Oeieneo leruteo p`reom yeom t`raesfl gelei tfogen celes eotere efr crkifo geo leruteo nelfui fkgfge . fkgfge . Oei` ta` crkwo sklutfko prkgub`g fo ta` r`ebtfko c`tw``o crkifo` wet`r eog pktessfui fkgfg`. ...................................................................................................................
(ff)
^5 iern Y
^5 iern Y
Aurefneo setu ujfeo nfife uotun uotun i`om`seaneo n`aegfreo n`aegfreo ceaeo ceaeo yeom gfoeieneo gelei (c) (f). G`sbrfc` e t`st tk bkohfri ta` pr`s`ob` kh ta` sucsteob` oei`g fo (c) (f). .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................
54
^2 ierns iernsYY
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (fff)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Wulfsneo p`rseieeo fkofn cemf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu gelei (c) (f). ]rft` eo fkofb `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko fo (c) (f). ...................................................................................................................
^5 iern Y
(b) I`rujun n`pege tfogen celes eotere nlkrfo geo nelfui fkgfge S`h`rrfom tk ta` p`ruceaeo r`ebtfko c`tw``o eog pktessfui fkgfg` (f) Epenea p`ru ceaeo okickr okickbalkrfo` r p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfge eo cemf nlkrfo; nlkrfo ; ]aet fs ta` baeom` fo ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r kh balkrfo`; ................................................................................................................ (ff)
Oeieneo em`o p`ouruoeo. Oei` ta` r`gubfom em`ot. ................................................................................................................
(fff)
(g)
^5 iern Y
^5 iern Y
C`rfneo s`cec cemf jewepeo eoge gf (b)(ff) Mfv` ta` r`esko hkr ykur eosw`r fo (b)(ff)
................................................................................................................ ^5 iern Y C`rgeser Jeguel 8.5, susuo tfme aelkm`o c`rn`oeeo i`omfnut t`rtfc i`oefn n`r`entfheo. Ces`g ko Wecl` 8.5, erreom` ta` tar`` aelkm`os fo ta` krg`r kh fobr`esfom r`ebtfvfty. ............................................................................................................................... ^5 iern Y
55
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 =
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Sejea = i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges `nsp`rfi`o cemf i`omnejf p`ifogeaeo p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren. Leruteo Q felea em`o p`omknsfgeeo geo c`rtuner weroe gerf uomu n`pege tfgen c`rweroe s`l`pes c`c`repe ifoft c`rtfogen celes. Gfemrei = sakws ta` s`t up kh ta` epperetus kh eo `xp`rfi`ot tk fov`stfmet` ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob`. Rklutfko Q fs eo kxfgfsfom em`ot eog turos bklkur hrki purpl` tk bklkurl`ss eht`r e h`w ifout`s r`ebt`g.
Bercko
Bercko
Nercko
Nercko Tktessfui fkgfg` skluko
Q
Leruteo nelfui fkgfge
Gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg Esfg sulhurfn befr
Gfemrei = T`rseieeo fko n`s`luruaeo cemf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntkg E `l`ntkg E geo geo C egelea, Wa` kv`rell fkofb `quetfko taet kbburs et `l`btrkg`s E eog C fs, 3IoK7- +
58A+ +
54F- ↓ 3Io3+ +
1A3K + 0F3
(e Oeieneo leruteo Q. Oei` ta` sklutfko Q. ^5 iern Y (c Aftuomneo okickr p`omknsfgeeo cemf ieomeo gelei fko IoK7-. Belbulet` ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r kh ieomeo`s` fo IoK 7- fko.
^5 iern Y Oyeteneo j`ofs tfogenceles yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntkg E. Rtet` ta` typ` kh r`ebtfko taet kbburs et `l`btrkg` E.
^5 iern Y I`rujun n`pege tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntrkg C. S`h`rrfom tk ta` r`ebtfko taet ten`s pleb` et `l`btrkg` C. (f)
Oyeteneo p`i`raetfeo; Rtet` ta` kcs`rvetfko;
^5 iern Y
(ff)
Wulfs s`t`omea p`rseieeo cemf tfogenceles. 53
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
]rft` ta` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` t a` r`ebtfko.
^5 iern Y (fff)
W`reomneo tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu gerf s`mf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko. @xplefo ta` r`ebtfko taet kbburs fo t`ri kh treosh`r kh `l`btrko.
^5 iern Y Oyeteneo huomsf cemf esfg sulhurfn befr gelei `nsp`rfi`o fof. Rtet` ta` huobtfko kh ta` gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot.
^5 iern Y Gf gelei `nsp`rfi`o lefo eoge gfc`nelneo g`omeo n`pfomeo zfon, n`pfomeo nuprui, leruteo nuprui(FF) sulhet geo s`iue reges yeom gfp`rluneo. Lunfsneo setu meicerejea c`rlec`l uotun i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges cemf i`oyfeset p`ifogeaeo p`ifogea eo `l`ntrko pege pege setu jeren. Fo kta`r `xp`rfi`ot yku er` mfv`o zfob strfp, bkpp`r strfp, bkpp`r(FF) sulpaet` sklutfko eog ell epperetus r`qufr`g. Grew e lec`ll`g gfemrei tk sakw eokta`r s`t up kh epperetus tk fov`stfmet` ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrko et e gfsteob`. ^3 ierns iernsYY 1
R`kreom p`lejer i`ojeleoneo setu `nsp`rfi`o uotun i`omnejf tfogen celes r`gkns. Sejea 6.5 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges yeom gfmuoeneo gfgelei `nsp`rfi`o fof. E pupfl berrf`g berrf`g kut eo `xp`rfi`ot `xp`rfi`ot tk fov`stfmet` fov`stfmet` e r`gkx r`ebtfko. r`ebtfko. Gfemrei 54.5 54.5 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus us`g fo ta` `xp`rfi`ot.
M
M
Bercko `l`btrkg` V
Bercko `l`btrkg` Q
@l`ntrkg nercko V
@l`ntrkg nercko Q
Frko (FF) sulpaet` sklutfko
Crkifo` wet`r
Leruteo h`rui (FF) sulhet
Efr Crkifo
Rulpaurfb Ebfg
P Wuc` Wfuc P
(e)
Gfemrei 1.5 Sejea 1.5
Ebfg Rulhurfn
Oeieneo setu ceaeo yeom ckl`a i`ommeotfneo efr crkifo gelei 52
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
`nsp`rfi`o fof. Oei` ko` sucsteob` taet beo r`pleb` crkifo` wet`r fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot.
………………………..………………………….…………………………………. ^5 iernY ^5 ierneaY (c)
Jfne `nsp`rfi`o fof sulhurfn, gfuleomf melveoki`t`r g`omeo i`ommuoeneo ifoyen iesen i`ommeotfneo i`ommeotfne o esfg tfgen i`ouojunneo cebeeo. W`reomneo i`omepe. Fh ta` `xp`rfi`ot `xp`rfi`ot fs r`p`et`g usfom bkknfom kfl tk r`pleb` sulpaurfb ebfg, ta` melveoki`t`r gk`s okt sakw eoy r`egfom. @xplefo way.
………………………………………………………………………………………. ^5 iernY ^5 ierneaY
(b)
T`rseieeo s`t`omea tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu pege `l`ntrkg V egelea s`p`rtf gf cewea. Wa` aelh `quetfko kh ta` r`ebtfko et `l`btrkg` V fs es c`lkw.
(f)
H`3+
H`2+
+
`
Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo weroe leruteo h`rui (FF) sulhet gf gelei tfogen celes fof . Rtet` ta` bklkur baeom` kh frko (FF) sulpaet` sklutfko fo tafs r`ebtfko.
………………………………………………………………………….. ^5 iernY ^5 ierneaY (ff)
Wfogen celes fof egelea tfogen celes p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfgeeo.. Epenea yeom gfiensugneo gfiensugne o g`omeo tfogen celes p`omknsfgeeo gerf s`mf p`ifogeaeo p`ifogea eo `l`ntrko; Wafs r`ebtfko fs eo kxfgetfko r`ebtfko. ]aet fs i`eot cy kxfgetfko r`ebtfko fo t`ris kh `l`btrko treosh`r;
………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………….. ^5 iernY ^5 ierneaY
57
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
6.
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Sejea 55 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges cemf i`omnejf tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu gf gelei tecuom ujf E geo C. Gfemrei 6 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus epperetus tk fov`stfmet` ta` r`ebtfko r`ebtfko kbburr`g fo t`st tuc`s E eog C.
Emer-emer sklutfko sklutfko +
Balkrfo` wet`r Tktessfui a`xebyeokh`rret`(FFF) sklutfko
Efr nlkrfo
+ Ta`oklpatael`fo Frko oefl bkfl`g wfta zfob
Frko(FF) sulpaet` sklutfko
Tenu c`sf yeom gflflft
Leruteo h`rui(FF) sulhet
W`st tuc` E
W`st tuc` C
Wecuom ujf C
Sejea6
(e) C`rgeserneo tecuom ujf E, (e) Ces`g ko t`st tuc` E, (f)
Oeieneo tfogen celes yeom c`rlenu. Oei` ta` r`ebtfko kbburr`g. .................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY
(ff)
Wulfsneo p`rseieeo fko cemf tfogen celes t`rs`cut. ]rft` ta` fkofb `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko. .......................................................................................... ......................................... (fff)
Oyeteneo setu ujfeo nfife uotun i`om`seaneo i`om`seaneo aesfl yeom t`rc`otun. Rtet` e ba`ifbel t`st tk v`rfhy ta` prkgubt hkri`g. .................................................................................................................
.................. ................................................................................................................. .................. 50
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO ^3 iernsY
(c)
C`rgeserneo tecuom ujf C, Ces`g ko t`st tuc` C, (f)
..................
Oyeteneo p`i`raetfeo yeom t`rlfcet. Rtet` ta` kcs`rvetfko fovklv`g. ................................................................................................................. ^5 iernY
(ff) @nsp`rfi`o gfuleomf g`omeo i`ommuoeneo i`ommuoeneo nuprui cemf cemf i`ommeotfneo i`ommeotfneo zfon. Oyeteneo p`i`raetfeo yeom t`rlfcet @xp`rfi`ot fs r`p`et`g cy usfom bkpp`r tk r`pleb` zfob. Rtet` ta` kcs`rvetfko fovklv`g. fovklv`g. ................................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY (b) Ceogfomneo jewepeo gf (c)(f) geo (c) (ff) geo t`reomneo n`oepe t`rgepet p`rc`zeeo gelei p`i`raetfeo. Bkiper` ta` eosw`r fo (c)(f) eog (c) (ff) eog `xplefo way ta`r` fs e gfhh`r`ob` fo ta` kcs`rvetfko. ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................................... ^3 iernsY (g) Epecfle c`sf (g) Epecfle c`sf t`rg`gea n`pege n`pege efr geo knsfm`o, knsfm`o, fe iugea iugea c`rneret. Oyeteneo Oyeteneo setu ne`gea uotun i`om`lenneo c`sf gerfpege c`rneret. ]a`o frko fs `xpks`g tk wet`r eog kxym`o, ft rusts `esfly. Rtet` ko` i`takg tk pr`v`ot ta` rustfom kh frko. ........................................................................................................................................ .. ^5 iernY
54
(e)
Sejea 54.5 54.5 i`ouojunneo i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`omnejf n`seo lkmei T geo U n` etes p`omereteo penu c`sf. N`putuseo gfbetetneo s`l`pes setu aerf. 58
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Gfemrei 54.5 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus tk stugy ta` `hh`bt kh i`tels T eog U ko ta` rustfom kh frko oefl. Wa` r`sults er` r`bkrg`g eht`r ko` gey. @xp`rfi`ot @nsp`rfi`o
Kcs`rvetfko eht`r 5 gey T`i`raetfeo s`l`pes 5 aerf
Emer-emerr skluko wfta pktessfui Emer-eme a`xebyeok`rret` a`xebyeok `rret`(FFF) (FFF) eog pa`oklpatael`fo skluko.
E
Leruteo emer-emer g`omeo leruteo
Rki` gern clu` pr`bfpftet`. R`gfnft i`ogeneo cfru.
nelfui a`nsfeokh`ret( FFFF FF ) ) geo Frko oefl h`oklel`fo Tenu c`sf
Emer-emer skluko wfta pktessfui a`xebyeok`rret`(FFF) eog pa`oklpatael`fo skluko.
C
Leruteo emer-emer g`omeo leruteo nelfui a`nsfeokh`ret( FFF FFF ) ) geo
Lerm` eikuot kh gern clu` pr`bfpftet` Ceoyen i`ogeneo cfru.
Frko oefl wrepp`g wfta i`tel T
Emer-emerr skluko wfta pktessfui Emer-eme a`xebyeok`rret`(FFF) a`xebyeok `rret`(FFF) eog pa`oklpatael`fo skluko.
B
Leruteo emer-emer g`omeo leruteo nelfui a`nsfeokh`ret( FFFF FF ) ) geo h`oklel`fo Frko oefl wrepp`g wfta i`tel U
Ok gern clu` pr`bfpftet`. Rklutfko turos pfon. Wfege i`ogeneo cfru. Leruteo c`rtuner i`rea jeicu.
Tenu c`sf gflflft g`omeo lkmei U
Sejea 54.5 (f)
Oyeteneo huomsf leruteo nelfui a`nsesfeokh`ret( a`nsesfeokh`ret( FFFF FF ) ) gelei `nsp`rfi`o `nsp`rfi`o fof. Rtet` ta` huobtfko kh pktessfui a`xebyeokh`rret`(FFF) a`xebyeokh`rret`(FFF) sklutfko fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iern Y
(ff)
Wulfsneo s`t`omea p`rseieeo cemf p`ic`otuneo fko h`rui( FFF ) F) gerfpege h`rui. ]rft` ta` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` hkrietfko kh frko(FF) fko hrki frko. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iern Y
(fff)
Gelei tecuom ujf ieoenea i`ouojunneo p`omereteo c`sf yeom pelfom b`pet. W`reomneo jewepeo eoge. Fo wafba t`st tuc`, frko rust ta` hest`st; h est`st; @xplefo ykur eosw` eosw`r. r. 5=
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
…………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^3 ierns iernsYY (fv)
Rusuo lkmei H`, H`, T geo U i`omfnut uruteo i`ouruo n``l`ntrkpksftfheo. Erreom` ta` i`tel i`tel H`, T eog U fo g`br`esfom g`br`esfom krg`r kh `l`btrkpksftfvfty. `l`btrkpksftfvfty. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iern Y
(c)
Sejea 54.3 54.3 i`ouojunneo i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`oyfeset tfogen celes gf eotere leruteo nelfui ieomeoet( XFF XFF ) ) geo leruteo h`rui( h`rui( FFF ) F) nlkrfge i`leluf i`leluf p`ifogeaeo p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren . Gfemrei 54.3 sakws ta` s`t-up kh epperetus tk fov`stfmet` ta` r`ebtfko c`tw``o pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet`(XFF) sklutfko eog frko(FF) balkrfg` sklutfko tarkuma ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos et e gfsteob`.
. Bercko `l`btrkg`
T
U
Bercko `l`btrkg`
@l`ntrkg nercko @l`ntrkg nercko
Tktessfui ieomeoet` (XFF)
Frko(FF) balkrfg` skluko Leruteo h`rui( FF FF ) ) nlkrfge
Nelfui ieomeoet( X XFF FF ) )
T`rseieeo fko yeom tfgen l`omnep cemf tfogen celes felea Gflut`t`rs`cut sulpaurfbfelea : ebfg : Wa` fobkipl`t` fkofb `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko fs Esfg : sulhurfn befr 2+ + 1A+/ Sejea ↓ 0H` + Io3+ + …………. A3K ………. H`3+ + IoK7Gfemrei 52.3
(f)
L`omnepneo p`rseieeo gf etes. Bkipl`t` ta` eckv` `quetfko.
(ff)
Epenea p`ruceaeo p`ruceaeo weroe gelei gelei leruteo pege pege `l`ntrkg T; ]aet fs ta` baeom` fo bklkur et `l`btrkg` T;
……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iern Y
51
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (fff)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Epenea ceaeo ceaeo yeom i`omeleif i`omeleif p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfgeeo gelei `nsp`rfi`o `nsp`rfi`o fof; fof; W`reomneo i`omepe. i`omepe. ]aet fs ta` sucsteob` taet uog`rmk`s kxfgetfko fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot; @xplefo way. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^3 ierns iernsYY
(fff) Aurefneo setu ujfeo nfife uotun i`o`otuneo aesfl yeom t`rc`otun gf `l`ntrkg U. G`sbrfc` e ba`ifbel t`st tk g`t`rifo` ta` prkgubt hkri`g et `l`btrkg` U. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^3 ierns iernsYY
55
T`omereteo T`omeret eo c`sf egelea suetu tfogen celes r`gkns yeom ckl`a c`rlenu s`bere s`iulejegf. s`iulejegf. Sustfom kh frko fs e r`gkx r`ebtfko wafba beo kbburs oeturelly. (e) Epenea tfogenceles tfogenceles r`gkns. r`gkns. ]aet fs r`gkx r`ebtfko.
(c)
(b)
(g)
.......................................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY Oyeteneo n`egeeo uotun c`sf c`rneret s`bere s`iulejegf. Rtet` ta` bkogftfkos hkr frko rust oeturelly. .......................................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY C`sf i`omeleif p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfgeeo s`iese c`rneret. c`rneret. Wulfsneo s`t`omea p`rseie p`rseieeo eo uotun p`omknsfgeeo c`sf.. Frko uog`rmk`s kxfgetfko r`ebtfko gurfom rustfom .]rft` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` kxfgetfko kh frko. .......................................................................................................................................... ^5 iernY Lunfsneo meicerejea c`rlec`l cemf prks`s p`omereteo c`sf yeom i`ouojunneo cemefieoe syeret uotun p`omereteo c`sf i`lfcetneo p`omelfreo `l`ntrko, nutuc o`metfh geo nutuc pksftfh. Grew e lec`l`g gfemrei hkr rustfom kh frko tk sakw akw ta` bkogftfko kh rustfom kh frko fovklv`s ta` hlkw kh `l`btrko, o`metfv` pkl` eog pksftfv` pkl`.
56
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
(`)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
^2iernsY Aurefneo Aure fneo p`ifogeaeo p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko geo tfogen tfogen celes celes yeom c`rlenu pege nutuc nutuc pksftfh pksftfh s`l`pes c`sf gfknsfgeneo. G`sbrfc` ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrko eog ta` r`ebtfko taet ten` pleb` et ta` pksftfv` pkl` eht`r frko fs kxfgfz`g. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ^2iernsY
(h)
Oyeteneo gue bere uotun i`om`lenneo i`om`lenneo c`sf c`rneret.. Rtet` twk twk weys weys kh pr`v`otfom ta` rustfom kh frko. .......................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ^3iernsY
53 (e) Sejea 53 ..5 i`ouojunneo 5 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`omnejf tfogen celes yeom i`lfcetneo p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren. Gfemrei 53.5 sakws ta` epperetus s`t-up tk stugy ta` r`ebtfko fovklvfom ta` treosh`r Gfemrei kh `l`btrko et e gfsteob`.
34
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Bercko rkg Bercko rkg
Bercko rkg
Ebfgfh`g pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF) skluko
Tktessfui fkgfg` skluko
Leruteo nelfui ieomeoet (XFF) (XFF) c`esfg
Gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg
Gfemrei 53.5 Sejea 53 ..5 5
(f) Epenea huomsf huomsf esfg sulhurfn befr; befr; ]aet fs ta` huobtfko kh gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg; ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY ^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY ( (fff) Gelei Sejea 53.5, Sejea 53.5, tuojunneo erea p`omelfreo `l`ntrko g`omeo i`ommuoeneo setu eoen peoea. Fo Gfemrei 53.5, fogfbet` ta` gfr`btfko kh `l`btrko hlkw cy usfom eo errkw.
^5 iernY
(fff)
Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo weroe cemf leruteo nelfui ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet (XFF) c`resfg. (XFF) c`resfg. Rtet` ta` bklkur baeom` hkr ebfgfhf`g pktessfui sklutfko.
……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY ^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY (fv) Oeieneo em`o p`ouruoeo cemf tfogen celes t`rs`cut. Oei` ta` r`gubfom em`ot hkr ta` r`ebtfko. ……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY ^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY (v) Wulfsneo p`rseieeo s`t`omea cemf ceaeo yeom gfoeieneo gelei (e) (fv). (fv). ]rft` ta` aelh-`quetfko hkr sucsteob` oei`g fo (e) (fv). 35
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
……………………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY ^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY (c) Se Seje jea a 53.3 53.3 i`ouoju i`ouojunneo nneo setu tfogen celes r`gkns r`gkns eotere eotere efr crkifo crkifo geo leruteo leruteo h`rui h`rui(FF) (FF) sulhet sulhet Gfemrei 53.3 .sakws e r`gkx r`ebtfko c`tw``o crkifo` wet`r eog frko(FF) sulpaet` sklutfko.
Leruteo h`rui(FF) sulhet
Sejea 53.3
(f)
Gfemrei cemf 53.3 tfogen celes t`rs`cut. Oyeteneo p`i`raetfeo Rtet` kcs`rvetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko.
.....……………………………………………………………………………………… ^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY (ff)
Epenea p`ruceaeo p`ruceaeo okickr okickr p`omksfgeeo p`omksfgeeo cemf crkifo; crkifo; ]aet fs ta` baeom` fo ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r kh crkifo`; ………………………………………………………………………………………
(fff)
^5 ^5 iernea ierneaYY
Wulfsneo p`rseieeo fko cemf tfogen celes t`rs`cut. ]rft` ta` fkofb `quetfko hkr ta` r`ebtfko.
……………………………………………………………………………………… (fv)
^3 ^3 iernea ierneaYY
Aurefneo setu ujfeo uotun i`om`oel netfko yeom t`raesfl. G`sbrfc` e t`st tk bkohfri ta` betfko prkgub`g. …………………………………………….................................……………………
33
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
…………………………………….................................………………………….. ………………………………………………………………….................................. ^3 iernsY ^3 ^3 iernea ierneaYY 52
Bercko Nercko
Bercko Nercko Ebfgfhf`g pktessfui pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet`(X FF) sklutfko Leruteo nelfui ieomeoet(XFF) c`resfg Gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg Esfg sulhurfn befr befr
Tktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko Leruteo nelfui fkgfge
Sejea 52 Sejea 52 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges `nsp`rfi`o cemf i`omnejf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren. R`l`pes c`c`repe ifoft, leruteo nelfui ieomeoet(XFF) c`resfg c`rtuner gerf uomu n`pege teope weroe Gfemrei Gfe mrei 52 sakws ta` s`t up kh ta` eppe epperetu retus s kh eo `xp`rfi`o `xp`rfi`ott tk fov`stfm fov`stfmet` et` ta` treosh tre osh`r `r kh `l`btr `l`btrko kos s et e gf gfste steob` ob`.. Eht`r Eht`r e h`w ifout` ifout`s s ta` ebfgf ebfgfhf` hf`g g pktess pktessfu fui i ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet`(X FF) sklutfko turos hrki purpl` tk bklkurl`ss.
(e)
Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo weroe cemf leruteo nelfui fkgfge. Rtet` ta` bklkur baeom` baeom` kh pktessfui pktessfui fkgfg` sklutfko. sklutfko. ................................................................................................... ^5 iernY
(c)
Wulfs p`rseieeo s`t`omea cemf tfogenceles gf (7)(e). ]rft` ta` aelh `quetfko hkr ta` t a` r`ebtfko fo (7)(e). ………………………………………………………………………. ^5 iernY
(b)
Oyeteneo p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo cemf fkgfo. Rtet` ta` baeom` fo kxfgetfko ouic`r kh fkgfo`. ………………………………………………………………………. ^5 iernY
32
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
(g)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
I`rujun n`pege tfogenceles yeom c`rlenu pege leruteo nelfui ieomeoet(XFF) ieomeoet(X FF) c`resfg. S`h`rrfom tk(XFF) ta` sklutfko. r`ebtfko taet ten`s pleb` fo ebfgfhf`g pktessfui ieomeoet` ieomeoet`(XFF)
(f (f))
Oyeteneo j`ofs tfogenceles yeom c`rlenu. Rtet` tet` ta` ta` typ typ` ` kh kh r` r`eb ebtf tfk ko tae taett kbb kbbu urs rs.. ………………………………………………………………. ^5 iernY
(f (ff) f)
Wulfs p`rseieeo s`t`omea cemf tfogenceles t`rs`cut. ]rft ]rft` ` tta` a` aelh aelh `que `quetf tfko ko hkr hkr ta` ta` r`eb r`ebtf tfko ko . ......................................................................................... ^3 iernY
(ff (fff) f)
Epenea huomsfoye huomsfoye leruteo nelfui nelfui ieomeoet(XFF) ieomeoet(XFF) c`resfg ; ]aet ]aet fs fs ta` ta` huo huobtf btfko ko kh ebf ebfgfh gfhf`g f`g pktess pktessfu fui i ieo ieomeo meoet` et`(XF (XFF) F) sklutfko;
………………………………………………………………… ^5 iernY
(fv) (fv)
(`)
(h)
Oeieneo r`emeo lefo yeom ckl`a i`ommeotfneo leruteo nelfui ieomeoet(XFF) ieomeoet(X FF) c`resfg. Oei` Oei` eokta` eokta`rr r`em r`em`ot `ot taet taet b beo eo c` us`g us`g tk r`ple r`pleb` b` ebfg ebfgfhf fhf`g `g pktessfui ieomeoet`(XFF) ieomeoet`(XFF) sklutfko wet`r .
........................................................................................ ^5 iernY Wuojunneo erea p`omelfreo `l`btrko pege gfemrei 5=. Rakw ta` gfr`btfko kh ta` `l`btrko hlkws fo ta` gfemrei 5=. ^5 iernY Epenea huomsf huomsf esfg sulhurfn befr befr gelei `nsp`rfi`o `nsp`rfi`o fof; ]aet fs ta` huobtfko kh gflut` sulpaurfb ebfg fo tafs `xp`rfi`ot; ………………………………………………………………………. ^5 iernY
@R@F 5 (e) G`omeo i`ommuoeneo bkotka yeom gfoeieneo, t`reomneo Psfom oei`g `xeipl`s, `xplefo
37
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
f.
epenea epenea gfiens gfiensugn ugneo eo g`om g`omeo eo tfog tfogen en cele celes s r`gkn r`gkns, s, c`re c`reses sesneo neo p`ruceaeo gelei okickr p`omknsfgeeo. p`omknsfgeeo. waet fs i`eot cy e r`gkx r`ebtfko, ces`g ko baeom`s fo kxfgetfko ouic`rs. ff.
i`omep i`omepene enea a p`o`u p`o`utre trele leo o esfgesfg-c` c`s s cuneo cuneo tfo tfoge gen n cele celes s r`gk r`gkns ns way ebfg-ces` o`utrelfsetfko o`utrelfsetfko fs okt e r`gkx r`ebtfko
ierneaY
^8 ^8 iernsY
(c) Em`o p`omknsfgeeo p`omknsfgeeo gelei setu tfogen celes ckl`a c`rtfogen celes s`cemef em`o p`ouruoeo p`ouruoe o gelei tfogen celes celes lefo lefo . . Eo kxfgfsfom kxfgfsfom em`ot fo ko` r`ebtfko r`ebtfko iey ebt es e r`gubfom em`ot em`ot fo eokta`r r`ebtfko. r`ebtfko.
Cfobeomneo p`royeteeo gf etes, c`rgeserneo tfogen celes yeom gfwenflf kl`a Cfobeomneo p`rseieeo-p`rseieeo p`rseieeo-p `rseieeo c`rfnut c`rfnut : Gfsbuss ta` eckv` stet`i`ot, ces`g ko ta` twk r`ebtfkos r`pr`s`ot`g cy ta` `quetfkos c`lkw:
(f)
3H`3+(eq) + Cr 3(eq)
(ff)
Im(s) + H`3+(eq)
3H`2+(eq)
Im3+(eq)
+ 3Cr -(eq)
+ H`(s) ^8
ierneaY ^8 iernsY
30
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (b)
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Aurefneo setu `nsp`rfi`ot uotun i`ojeleoneo tfogen celes gf (c)(f) yeom i`lfcetneo p`ifogeaeo p`ifogea eo `l`ntrko i`leluf i`leluf setu jeren. jeren. Aurefeo eoge a`ogenlea t`riesun : G`sbrfc` eo `xp`rfi`ot tk berry kut ta` r`ebtfko fo (c)(f), fovklvfom ta` treosh`r kh `l`btrkos kv`r e gfsteob`. Vkur `xpleoetfko sakulg foblug` :
Meicerejea reges c`rlec`l E lec`ll`g lec`ll`g gfemrei kh ta` epperetus epperetus
Trks`gur Trkb`gur`
T`rseieeo s`t`omea Aelh-`quetfkos
T`ruceaeo weroe yeom gfp`raetfneo Bklkur baeom`s kcs`rv`g
^1 ierneaY ^1 iernsY
3 (e) Wenrfhneo prks`s p`omknsfgeeo geo p`ouruoeo gerf s`mf p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo. G`hfo` ta` kxfgetfko eog r`gubtfko prkb`ss`s fo t`ris kh ta` baeom` fo ta` kxfgetfko ouic`r. (c)
^3 ierns iernsYY
G`omeo i`ommuoeneo bkotka yeom s`suef, t`reomneo i`omepe tfogen celes- tfogen celes c`rfnut egelea cuneo tfogen celes r`gkns Cy usfom e suftecl` `xeipl`, `xplefo way `eba kh ta` hkllkwfom r`ebtfkos fs okt e r`gkx r`ebtfko.
(f) (ff)
Wfogen celes p`o`utreleo O`utrelfsetfko r` r`ebtfko Wfogen celes p`i`ogeneo Tr`bfpftetfko Tr`bfpftetfk o r`ebtfko
38
^8 ierns iernsYY
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
(b) Sejea 1 i`ouojunneo p`ruceaeo-p`ruceaeo p`ruceaeo-p`ruceaeo yeom c`rlenu n` etes leruteo h`rui(FFF) h`rui(FFF) nlkrfge. Gfemrei 1 sakws ta` baeom`s fovklvfom frko(FFF) balkrfg` sklutfko.
Frko(FFF) balkrfg` skluko
Mr``o skluko
F
+ Crkifo` wet`r
+ Zfob Leruteo h`rui(FFF) nlkrfge
FF
Crkwo skluko Leruteo p`reom
Leruteo afjeu + Efr crkifo + Iemo`sfui FFF
+ Zfon
+ Iemo`sfui
Bklkurl`ss skluko Leruteo teope weroe
Gfemrei / Sejea 1
W`reomneo prks`s F, FF geo FF geo FFF. Jewepeo eoge aeruslea i`omeoguomf p`rnere-p`rnere c`rfnut : @xplefo ta` prkb`ss F, FF eog FFF. Vkur eosw`r sakulg bkosfst kh ta` hkllkwfoms :
p`rseieeo fko fko fkofb `quetfko ceaeo yeom gfknsfgeneo geo gfturuoneo ta` sucsteob`s taet er` kxfgfs`g eog r`gub`g ceaeo yeom c`rtfogen s`cemef em`o p`omknsfgeeo geo em`o p`ouruoeo p`ouruoe o ta` sucsteob`s ebt es kxfgfzfom em`ot eog r`gubfom em`ot ^53 ierns iernsYY
2 (e)
Wenrfhneo p`omknsfgeeo geo p`ouruoeo gerf s`mf p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko. G`hfo` kxfgetfko eog r`gubtfko fo t`ris kh treoh`r kh `l`btrkos.
^3 ierns iernsYY (c) T`rseieeo nfife gf cewea i`ouojunneo tfogen celes nfife eotere lkmei ] g`omeo leruteo nuprui(FF) nuprui(FF) oftret. oftret. Wa` ba`ifbel `quetfko `quetfko c`lkw c`lkw sakws ta` r`ebtfko c`tw``o i`tel i`tel ] eog bkpp`r(FF) oftret` sklutfko , Bu(OK2)3. ](s)
(f )
+ Bu(OK2)3 (eq)
Bu (s) + ](OK2)3(eq)
↓
Begeomneo Begeomne o setu lkmei cemf ].
3=
^5 iern Y
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Rumm`st e i`tel kh ]. (ff)
Oyeteneo tfme ienluiet yeom ckl`a gfsfipulneo gerf p`rseieeo gf etes yeom c`rnefteo g`omeo n`guguneo lkmei ] geo Z gelei sfrf `l`ntrknfife. Rtet` tar`` fohkrietfko fohkrietfko hrki ta` eckv` eckv` `quetfko `quetfko wafba er` r`let`g r`let`g tk ta` pksftfko kh kh i`tel ] eog bkpp`r, bkpp`r, Bu fo ta` `l`btrkba`ifbel `l`btrkba`ifbel s`rf`s s`rf`s kh i`tel. ^2 ierns iernsYY
(fff) G`omeo i`rujun pege tfogen celes gf etes, t`reomneo iensug tfogen celes r`gkns gerf s`mf p`ruceaeo okickr p`omknsfgeeo. p`omknsfgeeo. Ces`g ko ta` eckv` `quetfko, `quetfko, `xplefo ta` r`gkx r`ebtfko fo t`ri kh kh ta` baeom` kh kxfgetfko ouic`r . ^7 ierns iernsYY
(b)
N`guguneo nercko egelea gf etes lkmei Q geo gf cewea lk lkmei mei V gelei Rfrf N`r`enheo N`r`enheo lkmei
Wa` pksfko k bercko fs eckv` i`tel Q eog c`lkw i`tel V fo ta` S`ebvfty R`rf`s k i`tel.
Eoge gfc`nelneo gfc`nelneo g`omeo knsfge knsfge lkmei lkmei Q (QK), knsfge lkmei lkmei V (V 3 3 K2 ), s`rcun nercko geo reges-reges yeom gfp`rluneo. G`omeo ceotueo meicerejea aurefneo `nsp`rfi`o uotun i`om`seaneo n`oyeteeo gf etes etes egelea c`oer. Jewepeo eoge i`stf i`lfcetneo s`mele p`i`raetfeo geo p`rseieeo tfogenceles tfogenceles yeom s`wejeroye. Meicer rejea i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges Trks`gur `nsp`rfi`o T`i`raetfeo T`rseieeo nfife.
Vku er` prkvfg`g wfta kxfg` kh i`tel Q (QK), kxfg` kh i`tel V (V3K2), bercko pkwg`r eog epperetus o``g`g. G`sbrfc` G`sbrfc` eo `xp`rfi`ot tk v`rfhy ta` eckv` stet`i`ot. Vkur eosw`r sakulg bkosfst kh ta` hkllkwfom: Gfemrei sakwfom sakwfom ta` s`t up kh epperetus Trkb`gur` kh ta` `xp`rfi`ot
Kcs`rvetfko Ba`ifbel `quetfko. ^54 ierns ^54 iernsYY
31
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
7
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Wa` hkllkw hkllkwfom fom er` er` ta` ta` ba`i ba`ifbe fbell `quet `quetfko fkos s hkr r`eb r`ebtfk tfkos os F, FF eog eog FFF. FFF. C`rfnut egelea egelea c`c`repe p`rseieeo p`rseieeo uotun tfogen celes F, FF geo FFF.
S`ebko F :
OeKA(eq) + ABl(eq) OeBl(eq) + A 3K(l)
Wfogen celes F:
S`ebko FF :
Bu(s) + 3Em +(eq) Bu3+ (eq) + 3Em (s)
Wfogen celes FF:
(e)
]afba ]afba kh ta` `quet `quetfkos fkos er` r`gk r`gkx x r`ebtfk r`ebtfkos; os; @ @xple xplefo fo way. way. Eotere p`rseieeo p`rseieeo c`rfnut yeom yeom ieoe i`rupeneo i`rupeneo tfogenceles tfogenceles r`gkns; J`lesneo J`lesneo i`omepe. ^8 ierns iernsYY ^8 iernea
(c)
Gfemrei Gfemrei 7 sakws sakws ta` s`t-up s`t-up kh eppere epperetus tus hkr eo `xp`rf `xp`rfi`ot i`ot tk fov`s fov`stfme tfmet` t` `l`btrko `l`btrko treosh`r et e gfsteob`. Sejea 7 i`ouojunneo susuoeo reges uotun i`omnejf `nsp`rfi`o p`ifogeaeo `l`ntrko pege setu jeren . M
Crkifo` wet`r
Frko (FF) sulpaet`
Efr crkifo
H`rui (FF) sulhet
Rulpaurfb ebfg Esfg sulhurfn
Gfemrei 7.5 Sejea 7.5
36
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457 (f (f))
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
Fg Fg` `otfhy tfhy ta` ta` kxf kxfg gfzf zfo om em em`ot. `ot. N`oel pestf em`o p`omknsfgeeo.
(ff)
]rft` ta` aelh aelh - `q `quetf uetfkos kos eog ta` kcs`r kcs`rvetf vetfkos kos hkr ta` r`ebt r`ebtfkos fkos taet kbbur kbbur et ta` o`metfv` eog pksftfv` t`rifoels; Wulfsneo s`t`omea p`rseieeo geo p`i`raetfeo yeom c`rlenu cemf tfogen celes gf t`rifoel t`rifoel o`metfh geo gf t`rifoel t`rifoel pksftf pksftfhh ^0iernsY G`sbrfc` e ba`ifbel t`st tk bkohfri ta` prkgubt hkri`g et ta` o`metfv` t`rifoel. Aurefneo setu ujfeo nfife uotun i`om`seaneo aesfl yeom t`rc`otun pege t`rifoel o`metfh. . ^2 iernsYY ierns
(g (g))
Gfemr Gfemrei ei 7.3 7.3 sakw sakws s twk twk typ` typ`s s kh b`lls. b`lls. Sejea 7.3 i`ouojunneo gue j`ofs s`l. Ce`ry
Xklti`t`r
Cet`rf
X
Zfob plet`
Bkpp`r plet`
E
Tlet zfon Bkpp`r plet`
C
Tlet nuprui
B
G
Bkpp`r plet`
Tlet nuprui
Tlet nuprui
Bkpp`r(FF) sulpaet` skluko B`ll F R`l F
Leruteo nuprui(FF) sulhet
Gfemrei 7.3
B`ll FF R`l FF
Sejea 7.3 Bkostrubt e tecl` tk sakw ta` gfhh`r`ob`s c`tw``o B`ll F eog B`ll FF fo t`ris kh `o`rmy baeom`, aelh-`quetfkos aelh-`quetfkos et ta` eokg` eog ta` gfr`btfko kh `l`btrkos hlkw. Cfoe setu jeguel uotun i`ic`zeneo eotere R`l F geo R`l FF gerf s`mf p`ruceaeo t`oeme, s`t`omea p`rseieeo pege eokg geo erea p`omelfreo `l`ntrko.
^8
iernsYY ierns
24
RKLEH BA@IFRWSV RTI 3457
KQFGEWFKO KQFGEWFK O EOG S@GPBWFKO
25
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