SOAL UAS MIKRO

CHAPTER 8

64. Refe r to the figure ab ove. Thids imperfectly competitive firm's demand function gives info rmation that is used to determi ne:

A. the change in costs when output changes. B. total reven ue at different price and quantity combinatio ns. C. fix ed costs in the short run. D. advertis ing necessary to gain mark et sharp 65.

If you w ere to d raw the margi nal revenue curve in this figure it woul d: A. lie on top of the demand curve. B. intersect the dem and curve at a price of $35. C. intersect the horizontal axis at a quantity of 35. D. have a slope equal to the reciprocal of the slope of the d emand cu rve

66.

Refe r to the figure above. If this firm were to sell 20 units of outp ut, its total revenue would be: A. $50. B. $100. C. $140. D. $1,000. 67. Refe r to the figure ab ove. If this firm were to incre ase sales from 20 units to 30 units of output, its margi nal revenue woul d be: A. $20. B. $200. C. $0. D. -$20. 68. Refer to the figure above. If this monopolistic firm's margial cost is constant at $30, its profit maximizing output is: A. 50 units . B. 40 units . C. 20 units . D. 30 units .

71. Once a firm has determined the quantity of output it wishes to sell, the price it can charge is determined by: A. the cost of making the product. B. the demand curve that the firm faces. C. market demand for the product minus cost. D. the explicit cost of making the product plus the implicit costs incurred by the firm owner

72. If the demand curve facing the monopolist is Price = 70 - 14 × Q, then the slope of its marginal revenue curve is: A. -28. B. -14. C. -7. D. -1. 76. Because the monopolist c harges a price in excess of marginal costs, it must be the case that the monopolist:

A. earns an excessive profit. B. exploits the consume rs who do make a purchase. C. fails to equate the benefits to the costs of the last unit produce d. D. produces less than the socially effic ient level of output. 77. When ma rgin al reve nues are zero:

A. profits are m aximized. B. total costs are minimized. C. elasticity of demand is z ero. D. total revenue is maximized. 78. The mo nopolist will maximize profits if it produces w here:

A. price equals ma rgin al costs. B. price equals the minim um average total c ost. C. margi nal revenue equals average total c ost. D. margi nal revenue equals margi nal cost. 79. The profit maximizing rul e P = MC appli es to: A. all firms. B. monopolists only. C. monopolists and perfect competitors. D. perfect comp etitors only. 80. The profit maximizing rul e MR = MC applies to: A. all firms. B. monopolists only. C. perfect comp etitors only. D. all firm types except perfect competitors. 81. If a monopolist finds that its marginal reve nue exceeds its marginal costs at the current level of output, it should: A. do not hing; it has maximized p rofits. B. contract production until the differ ence between m arginal revenues and marginal costs is larger. C. expand output until margin al reve nue equals marginal costs. D. expand output until price equals margi nal costs.

82. Refe r to the figure ab ove. The firm illustrat ed in the g raph is a(n): A. centralized planne r. B. black market suppli er. C. perfect comp etitor. D. natural monopolist.

83. Refe r to the figure ab ove. If the firm choos es to operate, to profit maximize, the firm will choose to produce _ _ units and charge a price of _ . A. 3.5; $33.5 0 B. 7; $19.3 0 C. 3.5; $22.5 0 D. 3.5; $5

84. Refer to the table above. The marginal reve ue of the third unit of output is: A. $24. B. $6. C. $2. D. $0. 85. Refe r to the table a bove. The marginal reve nue of the fifth unit of output is: A. $0. B. $2. C. $6. D. -$2. 86. Refer to the table above. The profit maximizing quantity and price for this monopolist are: A. 1 unit an d $10. B. 2 units and $9.

C. 3 units and $8. D. 4 units and $7.

87.Refe r to the figure ab ove. The profit maximizing price for the monopolist is : A. C. B. G. C. B. D. E. 88.Refe r to the figure ab ove. At the profit-maximizing level of output, the monopolist collects total reven ues equal to the area A. 0BKA. B. 0CEA. C. 0GIH. D. 0GLA.

89. Refe r to the figure ab ove. The profit-m aximizing level of outp ut for the monopolist is _ and the profit-m aximizing price is _ . A. 50; $20 B. 33.33; $13.33 C. 33.33; $26.67 D. 50; $26.67 90. The reason economists consider monopoly socially undesirable is that the monopolist: A. always ea rns excessive profits. B. can charge any price he wants . C. exploits the inelastic nature of demand. D. produces less than the socially effic ient amount 108. Price discrimination means chargi ng: A. higher p rices to women and mino rities. B. different p rices to different consumers because p roduction costs are different. C. the same price to all consume rs even if production costs are different. D. different p rices to different consumers when production costs are the same. 109. Perfect price disc rimination occ urs w hen: A. each buy er p ays his or her margi nal cost. B. most buyers pay their reservation p rice. C. each buy er p ays exactly his or her rese rvation p rice.

D. the buye r with the highest reservation price sets the mark et price. 111. Cam pus Bookstore is the only textbook s upplie r in the to wn, a profit-maximizing business. The tabl e below represents the rese rvatio n prices for the eight students enrolled in th e class for which this book is required.

Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12. Refe r to the inform ation above. H ow much s hould the b ookstore charge for this book if it must charge a single p rice to all c ustomers? A. $36 B. $18 C. $24 D. $12 112. Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12. Refe r to the inform ation above. At the profit maximizing price h ow m any books will they sell? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 113. Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12. Refe r to the inform ation above. W hat will be the economic profit for the bookstore when selling its profit-m aximizing quantity? A. $60 B. $120 C. $180 D. $240 114.Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12. Refe r to the inform ation above. If the bookstore is selling the socially effic ient number of bo oks, how many will it sell? A. 8 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7

115. Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12.

Refe r to the inform ation above. If the bookstore can charge two different pric es for this book, how many books will the bookstore sell? A. More than 8. B. Less than 5. C. Exactly 5. D. More than 5. 116. Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each b ook is $12. If the bookstore can charge two different prices for this book, the economic profit for the bookstore is A. greater than $120 B. less than $120 C. exactly $120 D. exactly

115. Campus Bookstore is the only textbook supplier in the town, a profit-maximizing business. The table below represents the reservation prices for the eight students enrolled in the class for which this book is required.

Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each book is $12. Refer to the information above. If the bookstore can charge two different pric es for this book, the list price for the book will be _____ and the discounted price for the book will be ____. A. $18; less than $12 B. $60; $36 C. $36; less than $36 D. more than $36; less than $12 116. Campus Bookstore is the only textbook supplier in the town, a profit-maximizing business. The table below represents the reservation prices for the eight students enrolled in the class for which this book is required.

Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each book is $12. Refer to the information above. If the bookstore can charge two different pric es for this book, how many books will the bookstore sell? A. More than 8. B. Less than 5. C. Exactly 5. D. More than 5.

117. Campus Bookstore is the only textbook supplier in the town, a profit-maximizing business. The table below represents the reservation prices for the eight students enrolled in the class for which this book is required.

Assume that the marginal and average total cost for each book is $12. If the bookstore can charge two different prices for this book, the economic profit for the bookstore is ______. A. greater than $120 B. less than $120 C. exactly $120 D. exactly $48

CHAPTER 9 41. An agreement among firms to restrict production with the goal of earning economic profits is a: A. pure monopoly. B. oligopoly. C. cartel. D. duopoly. 42. Most cartels end or cease to be effective because: A. of enforcement of antitrust legislation. B. of the incentive to cheat on the cartel agreement. C. the dominant member firm buys out the other firms. D. consumers discover the cartel agreement and buy instead from other firms. 43. Cartels would be more stable if: A. firms that cheat on the agreement could be legally punished. B. firms that cheat on the agreement were better informed about the value of agreement. C. demand for the output was more variable. D. the cartel profit were higher than the profit each individual firm could earn without the cartel. 44. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. The profit-maximizing quantity for a monopolist with this demand curve is _____ units, which the monopolist would sell for ______. A. 3,000; $1.00 B. 1,000; $1.50 C. 2,000; $1.50 D. 1,000; $2.50

45. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. If Quick Buck and Pushy Sales decide to collude and work as a pure monopolist so that each firm will produce half the quantity demanded by the market, what will be the economic profit for Quick Buck? A. $1,000 B. $1,500 C. $2,000 D. $3,000 46. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales have agreed to each produce half the profitmaximizing monopolist quantity, set the monopoly price and split the profits evenly. Suppose Quick Buck cheats on Pushy Sales and reduces its price to $1.00 each while Pushy Sales continues to comply with the collusive agreement. Quick Buck would then sell _____ units and Pushy Sales would sell ______ units. A. 0; 3,000 B. 1,500; 1,500 C. 2,000; 1,000 D. 3,000; 0 47. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales have agreed to each produce half the profitmaximizing monopolist quantity, set the monopoly price and split the profits evenly. Suppose Quick Buck cheats on Pushy Sales and reduces its price to $1.00 each while Pushy Sales continues to comply with the collusive agreement. What will be the economic profit for Quick Buck? A. $6,000 B. $1,500 C. $2,000 D. $3,000 48. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Quick Buck and Pushy Sales have agreed to each produce half the profitmaximizing monopolist quantity, set the monopoly price and split the profits evenly. Suppose Quick Buck cheats on Pushy Sales and reduces its price to $1.00 and Pushy Sales matches the price cut. Consumers are evenly split between the two firms. What will be the economic profit for Quick Buck? A. $1,000 B. $1,500 C. $2,000 D. $3,000 49. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical product with zero marginal and average cost. Following is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. The profit-maximizing quantity and price for a monopolist with this demand curve are _____. A. 50 units and $2 B. 100 units and $2 C. 50 units and $3 D. 100 units and $1 50. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical product with zero marginal and average cost. Following is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. If Acme and Mega decide to collude and work as a pure monopolist such that each firm will produce half the quantity demanded by the market, what will be the economic profit for Mega? A. $0 B. $50 C. $100 D. $150

51. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical product with zero marginal and average cost. Following is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Suppose Mega and Acme have colluded to work as a pure monopolist, but Mega cheats on Acme and reduces its price to $1.00 each. Mega would then sell ____ units and Acme would sell _____ units. A. 150; 50 B. 100; 50 C. 150; 0 D. 100; 0 52. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical product with zero marginal and average cost. Following is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Suppose Mega and Acme have colluded to work as a pure monopolist, but Mega cheats on Acme and reduces its price to $1.00 each. How much profit will Mega earn? A. $75 B. $100 C. $150 D. $200

53. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical product with zero marginal and average cost. Following is the market demand and marginal revenue curves for the product.

Refer to the figure above. Suppose Mega and Acme have colluded to work as a pure monopolist, but Mega cheats on Acme and reduces its price to $1.00 each. If Acme matches the price cut and customers are evenly split between the two firms, what will Acme's economic profit be? A. $75 B. $100 C. $150 D. $200 54. OPEC is an example of a: A. monopsony. B. cartel. C. monopoly. D. duopoly.

CHPATER 10 18. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the

diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. Private incentives will lead to _____ people receiving the vaccine at a cost of _____. A. 75; $80 B. 75; $50 C. 50; $60 D. 50; $90 19. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. The dollar value of the external ______ is _____ per vaccine. A. benefit; $30 B. cost; $20 C. benefit; $20 D. benefit; $75 20. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. Private benefits are measured by ______, and social benefits are measured by _____. A. D-1; MC B. D-2; MC C. D-1; D-2 D. D-2; D-1 21. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. If the flu vaccine is provided by private markets, deadweight loss will be _______. A. zero B. $375 C. $500 D. $1,125 22. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. The socially optimal number of vaccines is _______. A. 50 B. 75 C. 125 D. 150

23. Suppose that a vaccine is developed for a highly contagious strain of flu. The likelihood that anyone will get this flu decreases as more people receive the vaccine. One of the demand curves in the diagram reflects private benefits and the other reflects social benefits.

Refer to the figure above. This externality could most effectively be corrected by: A. taxing vaccines. B. encouraging people to negotiat e private payments to those who receive the vaccine. C. subsidizing vaccines. D. free provision of 275 vaccines 24. The major implication of the _______ is that individuals can solve many externalities if they can buy and sell the right to generate the externality. A. Sherman Act B. Coase Theorem C. tragedy of the commons D. prisoner's dilemma

CAHPTER 11

14. This graph illustrates the marginal costs and marginal benefits of acquiring information before making a major purchase.

If the original curves are MB and MC, the equilibrium value and quantity of information about this product are A. V2, I2. B. V3, I2. C. V1, I1. D. V3, I1 15. This graph illustrates the marginal costs and marginal benefits of acquiring information before making a major purchase.

Suppose the marginal cost and marginal benefit curves were MC and MB several decades ago. However, because information about this product is now available on line, the A. optimal value of information will increase. B. optimal amount of information will increase. C. optimal amount of information will stay the same, but it will cost less to acquire. D. demand for information will increase. 16. This graph illustrates the marginal costs and marginal benefits of acquiring information before making a major purchase.

Suppose this graph describes a town in which the only way to gather any information about the good is through Consumer Reports . If the subscription price of Consumer Reports increases A. the marginal benefit curve will shift from MB to MB1. B. the marginal cost curve will shift from MC 2 to MC. C. the marginal benefit curve will shift from MB1 to MB. D. the marginal cost curve will shift from MC to MC2. 17.

Refer to the figure above. If the original curves are MB1 and MC1, the equilibrium value of information is ________ and the equilibrium quantity is _______. A. $10; 8. B. $15; 7. C. $15; 9. D. $20; 8. 18.

Refer to the figure above. The growth of access to the Internet would cause A. the marginal benefit curve to shift from MB2 to MB1. B. the marginal benefit curve to shift from MB1 to MB2. C. the marginal cost curve to shift from MC2 to MC1. D. the marginal cost curve to shift from MC1 to MC2. 19.

Refer to the figure above. If the relevant curves are MC1 and MB2, a rational consumer will acquire _____ units of information, the amount for which marginal benefit for information is _____ its marginal cost. A. 7, equal to B. 7, more than C. 8, more than D. 8, equal to 20.

Refer to the figure above. Suppose MC1 is the marginal cost and MB1 is the marginal benefit curve for information about a flat screen TV. Should a rational consumer pay $20 to get 8 units of information? A. Yes, since at this price the marginal benefit of acquiring information exceeds its marginal cost. B. No, since at this price the marginal cost of acquiring information exceeds its marginal benefit. C. Yes, since at this price the marginal benefit of acquiring information equals its marginal cost. D. No, since at this price the marginal benefit of acquiring information exceeds its marginal cost. 21. Growing technological sophistication of consumer goods tends to A. shift the marginal cost of information curve to the right. B. shift the marginal benefit of information curve to the right. C. shift the marginal benefit of information curve to the left. D. shift both the marginal benefit and the marginal cost of information to the right.

CAHPTER 12 43. Assume that this graph illustrates a perfectly competitive labor market.

Equilibrium in this labor market is at a wage of _______ and employment of approximately __________ worker hours. A. $30; 100 B. $30; 150

C. $20; 175 D. $20; 100 44. Assume that this graph illustrates a perfectly competitive labor market.

According to this graph, ____ worker hours would be performed on a volunteer (unpaid) basis. A. 0 B. 50 C. 100 D. 250 45. Assume that this graph illustrates a perfectly competitive labor market.

Suppose a minimum wage law required the wage to be at least $20 in this market. If that happened, A. there would be an excess supply of worker hours. B. there would be excess demand for worker hours. C. demand for worker hours would shift to the right. D. there would be no change in the hourly wage paid or the number of worker hours hired. 46. Assume that this graph illustrates a perfectly competitive labor market.

In this market, at a wage of $40, A. the market would be in equilibrium. B. there would be more people wanting to work than there would be job openings at firms. C. firms would not be able to find enough workers to satisfy the firms' demand for workers. D. approximately 175 worker hours would be hired.

47. Assume that this graph illustrates a perfectly competitive labor market.

If the supply of worker hours in this market shifted to the right A. the equilibrium wage would fall and the number of worker hours would increase. B. the equilibrium wage and the number of worker hours would increase. C. the equilibrium wage would stay the same, but the number of worker hours would increase. D. the equilibrium wage would fall and the number of worker hours would decrease. 48. In a competitive labor market, the equilibrium wage rate is determined by A. government regulation. B. employers. C. the intersection of labor demand and labor supply. D. employees. 49. Suppose that this graph describes the current labor market for high school teachers:

If wages are currently W*, A. there will be a shortage of certified teachers. B. there will be a surplus of certified teachers. C. the market is in equilibrium: neither a shortage nor a surplus exists. D. teachers are underpaid.

50. Suppose that this graph describes the current labor market for high school teachers:

Suppose supply were to shift to the left. Why might that happen? A. Distance learning and computer technology replace human teachers. B. Women enter the workforce in greater numbers. C. Immigration by families with children increase the need for more teachers. D. More attractive employment opportunities become available in health careers. 51. Suppose that this graph describes the current labor market for high school teachers:

Given the wage equal to W*, immediately following a shift of the supply curve to the left A. there will be a shortage of certified teachers. B. there will be an excess supply of certified teachers. C. the reservation wage of each remaining teacher will fall. D. the market will be in equilibrium.

52. Suppose that this graph describes the current labor market for high school teachers:

Suppose the market were to re-equilibrate following a shift of the supply curve to the left. At the new equilibrium, wages would be A. higher, and more teachers would be hired. B. higher, and fewer teachers would be hired. C. the same, but fewer teachers would be hired. D. the same, and more teachers would be hired . 53. A reduction in the workers' marginal productivity would result in A. an increase in labor supply. B. an increase in equilibrium employment level. C. a reduction in the equilibrium wage rate. D. a decrease in labor supply. 54. A decrease in demand for a firm's output results in a(n) A. increase in labor supply. B. decrease in labor demand. C. decrease in labor supply. D. increase in labor demand.

CHAPTER 13 16.

Refer to the figure above. If consumers had to pay the marginal cost for the medical treatment, they would choose to stay _____ day(s) in the hospital.

A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D.3

17.

Refer to the figure above. If all consumers had first-dollar medical insurance for the medical treatment, they would choose to stay ____ day(s) in the hospital. A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 18.

Refer to the figure above. The welfare loss due to a first-dollar insurance plan for the medical treatment is ________. A. $100 B. $200 C. $300

D. $400 19. To reduce the social loss due to first-dollar insurance coverage of the medical treatment, A. the marginal cost should be reduced. B. the marginal cost should be increased. C. the marginal benefit should be reduced. D. the consumer must bear some of the marginal cost

20. Lihat gambar di atas. MC1 Misalkan adalah biaya marjinal dan MB1 adalah kurva manfaat marjinal untuk informasi tentang TV layar datar. Haruskah konsumen rasional membayar $ 20 untuk mendapatkan 8 unit informasi? A. Ya, karena pada harga ini manfaat marjinal memperoleh informasi melebihi biaya marjinal. B. Tidak, karena pada harga ini biaya marjinal memperoleh informasi melebihi manfaat marjinal nya. C. Ya, karena pada harga ini manfaat marjinal memperoleh informasi sama dengan biaya marjinal. D. Tidak, karena pada harga ini manfaat marjinal memperoleh informasi melebihi biaya marjinal. 21. Tumbuh kecanggihan teknologi , barang konsumsi cenderung A. menggeser biaya marjinal kurva informasi ke kanan. B. menggeser manfaat marjinal kurva informasi ke kanan. C. menggeser manfaat marjinal kurva informasi ke kiri. D. menggeser kedua manfaat marjinal dan biaya marjinal informasi ke kanan. Chapter 12 43. Asumsikan bahwa grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja sangat kompetitif.

Keseimbangan di pasar tenaga kerja ini adalah dengan upah dari _______ dan kerja sekitar __________ jam kerja. A. $ 30; 100 B. $ 30; 150 C. $ 20; 175 D. $ 20; 100 44. Asumsikan bahwa grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja sangat kompetitif.

Menurut grafik ini, ____ jam pekerja akan dilakukan pada sukarelawan (dibayar) dasar. A. 0 B. 50 C. 100 D. 250 45. Asumsikan bahwa grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja sangat kompetitif.

Misalkan hukum upah minimum upah untuk setidaknya $ 20 di pasar ini. Jika itu terjadi, A. akan ada kelebihan pasokan jam kerja. B. akan ada kelebihan permintaan untuk jam kerja. C. permintaan jam pekerja akan bergeser ke kanan. D. tidak akan ada perubahan dalam upah per jam dibayar atau jumlah jam upahan.

46. Asumsikan bahwa grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja sangat kompetitif.

Di pasar ini, dengan upah sebesar $ 40, A. pasar akan berada dalam keseimbangan. B. akan ada lebih banyak orang yang ingin bekerja dari akan ada lowongan pekerjaan di perusahaan-perusahaan. ( karena semakin tinggi upah yang ditawarkan akan menarik pekerja dari yang lain karir) C. perusahaan tidak akan dapat menemukan pekerja yang cukup untuk memenuhi permintaan perusahaan 'bagi para pekerja. D. sekitar 175 jam pekerja akan dipekerjakan. 47. Asumsikan bahwa grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja sangat kompetitif.

Jika pasokan jam pekerja di pasar ini bergeser ke kanan A. upah ekuilibrium akan jatuh dan jumlah jam kerja akan meningkat. B. upah ekuilibrium dan jumlah jam kerja akan meningkat. C. upah ekuilibrium akan tetap sama, tetapi jumlah jam kerja akan meningkat. D. upah ekuilibrium akan jatuh dan jumlah jam kerja akan menurun. 48. Dalam pasar tenaga kerja yang kompetitif, tingkat upah ekuilibrium ditentukan oleh A. Peraturan pemerintah B. majikan. C. persimpangan permintaan dan penawaran tenaga kerja. D. Karyawan 49. Misalkan grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja saat ini untuk guru-guru SMA:

Jika upah saat W *, A. akan ada kekurangan guru bersertifikat. B. akan ada surplus guru bersertifikat. C. pasar berada dalam kesetimbangan: tidak kekurangan atau surplus ada. D. guru dibayar. 50. Misalkan grafik ini menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja saat ini untuk guru-guru SMA: Misalkan supply yang bergeser ke kiri. Mengapa itu terjadi? A. Pembelajaran jarak jauh dan teknologi komputer menggantikan guru manusia.

B. Wanita memasuki dunia kerja dalam jumlah besar. C. Imigrasi oleh keluarga dengan anak-anak meningkatkan kebutuhan untuk lebih guru. D. kesempatan kerja lebih menarik menjadi tersedia dalam karir kesehatan 51. Misalkan grafik diatas menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja saat ini untuk guru-guru SMA: Mengingat upah sama dengan W *, segera setelah pergeseran kurva penawaran ke kiri A. akan ada kekurangan guru bersertifikat. B. akan ada kelebihan pasokan guru bersertifikat. C. upah reservasi setiap guru yang tersisa akan jatuh. D. pasar akan berada dalam keseimbangan. 52. Misalkan grafik diatas menggambarkan pasar tenaga kerja saat ini untuk guru-guru SMA: Misalkan pasar adalah untuk kembali menyeimbangkan menyusul pergeseran kurva penawaran ke kiri. Pada ekuilibrium baru, upah akan A. lebih tinggi, dan lebih banyak guru akan dipekerjakan. B. lebih tinggi, dan guru lebih sedikit akan dipekerjakan. C. sama, tapi guru lebih sedikit akan dipekerjakan. D. sama, dan lebih banyak guru akan dipekerjakan. 53. Penurunan produktivitas marginal pekerja akan menghasilkan A. peningkatan pasokan tenaga kerja. B. peningkatan tingkat lapangan kerja keseimbangan. C. penurunan tingkat upah ekuilibrium. D. penurunan pasokan tenaga kerja. 54. Penurunan permintaan hasil output perusahaan dalam (n)…. A. peningkatan pasokan tenaga kerja. B. penurunan permintaan tenaga kerja. C. penurunan pasokan tenaga kerja. D. peningkatan permintaan tenaga kerja.

Chapter 13 16.

Lihat gambar di atas. Jika konsumen harus membayar biaya marjinal untuk perawatan medis, mereka akan memilih untuk tinggal _____ hari (s) di rumah sakit. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 17.

Lihat gambar di atas Jika semua konsumen memiliki asuransi kesehatan pertama-dolar untuk kesehatan pengobatan, mereka akan memilih untuk tinggal ____ hari (s) di rumah sakit. A. 4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 18. Refer ke gambar di nomor 17. Kerugian kesejahteraan karena rencana asuransi pertama dolar untuk kesehatan pengobatan ________. A. $ 100

B. $ 200 C. $ 300 D. $ 400 19. Untuk mengurangi kerugian sosial akibat asuransi pertama dolar dari perawatan medis, A. biaya marjinal harus dikurangi. B. biaya marjinal harus ditingkatkan. C. manfaat marjinal harus dikurangi. D. konsumen harus menanggung sebagian dari biaya marjinal.

20.Lihat gambar di atas. Apa biaya marjinal satu kunjungan tambahan ke kantor dokter? A. $ 50 B. $ 100

C. $ 150 D. $ 200 95.For many pure public goods like fireworks displays , weather forecasts, and television broadcasts the margi nal cost of serving one mo re consum er is _ _, and therefore the optim al quantity occurs when A. zero; provision is infinite. B. determined by average cost rath er than ma rginal c ost; price equals average cost. C. greater th an average cost; governm ent provides the g ood. D. zero; margin al benefit equals zero. 33. The 20 resid ents of the village of To wneburg are consi deri ng hosting a fireworks show next summer. The total cost of the show is estimated to be $1,000 + $10 per u nit. Each resident's dem and for fireworks is identical: P = 50 - 2 * units as shown below:

Cheap Charlie is on e of Towne burg's 20 resid ents. While Charlie enjoys fireworks as much as the next Towneburge r, when the fireworks fund-raising campai gn kic ks off, he claims to hate them. Cheap Charlie is trying to A. free ride. B. rent seek. C. force the village to b e more efficient. D. log-roll. 85.What is the x-axis intercept of the village's collective demand for fireworks ? A. 25 B. 50 C. 100 D. 500