Soal Dan Pembahasan Tentang Sifat Koligatif Larutan PDF Free

 

Rlki jke pocdkmkske toetkef snakt Hlinfktna Ikrutke Rlki jke Pocdkmkske Rnakt Hlinfktna Ikrutke ;.

Ho jkikc 400 frkc knr jnikruthke ;4 frkc urok (BL(EM4)4) hocujnke jn jnpkekshke pkekshke jke jnuhur tntnh jnjnmeyk. Kfkr jnporliom ikrutke joefke tntnh jnjnm ykef skck ckhk ho jkikc ?00 frkc knr mkrus jnikruthke EkBi sodkeykh…. Frkc. (Kr B3;4, L3;1, E3;:, M3;) k. 4,>4? d. ?,=? b. 1 b. ;:,14? o. 10 Poeyoiosknke7 Jnhotkmun7 Frkc poikrut uetuh urok3 400 frkc Frkc urok3 ;4 frkc Cr urok3 10 Frkc poikrut uetuh EkBi3 ?00 frkc Cr EkBi3 ?=,? n34 e34 λ3;   λ3; hd3 0,?4 Jntkeykhke7 frkc EkBi < Gkwkd7 c3frkc/cr ] ;000/p3;4/10 ] ;000/40030,4 ] ?3;

∁Zd   ∁Zd

3 c .hd 3; .0,?4 30,?4 ∁Zd   3 c.hd.n ∁Zd 0,?4 3 frkc/cr ] ;000/p .hd.n 0,?4 3 frkc/?=,? ] ;000/?00 .0,?4.4 0,?4 3 frkc/?=,?.4 .0,?4.4 0,?4 3 frkc/?=,? .4,0= 0,?4 . ?=,?3 frkc .4,0= 20,:4 3 frkc .4,0= frkc 3 20,:4/4,0= frkc 3;:,14?

 

Gkjn kfkr jnporliom ikrutke joefke tntnh jnjnm ykef skck ckhk ho jkikc ?00 frkc knr mkrus jnikruthke EkBi sodkeykh ;:,14? frkc. Gkwkdkeeyk kjkikm J 4. Kfkr ;00 hf knr tnjkh cocdohu pkjk sumu -0,2;ℂ (Ha knr 3 ;,=?), ckhk ho jkikc knr torsodut mkrus jnikruthke EkBi tnjkh hurkef jkrn … frkc. (Kr Ek 3 42, Bi 3 2?,?).  2?,?).   k. 0,?=? j. :>0 d. ?,=? o. ?.=?0 b. ?=,? Jnhotkmun 7 Poikrut 3 ;00 hf↔;00.000 f  f  Za 3 -0,2; Ha 3 ;,=? Cr 3 ?=,? n34 Jntkeykhke7 frkc< Gkwkd ∁Za   3 0 0 ‒  ‒ Za  Za 3 0 ‒ 0 ‒ ( (- 0,2;) 3 + 0,2; ∁Za   3 ha.c.n 0,2; 3 Ha. frkc/cr .;000/P . n 0,2; 3 ;,=?. frkc/?=,? .;000/;00.000 . 4 0,2; 3 (2,6 frkc)/?=?0 2,6 frkc 3 ;=;2,? frkc 3 ;=;2,?/2,6 3 :>0 frkc 2. ;? frkc zkt eleoiohtrlint jnikruthke jkikc ;00 frkc knr coefmksnihke ikrutke joefke tntnh jnjnm ;0;,20B. Ckssk Ckssk clikr zkt torsodut kjkikm…(Hd knr 3 0,?4).  0,?4).  k. 20 d. :0 b. 10 j. ;40 o. ;=0 Jnhot7 Frkc poikrut3 ;00 frkc Frkc torikrut3;? frkc Zd 3 ;0;,20B Hd knr 3 0,?4 ∁Zd 3 ;0;,2-;00 ;0;,2-;00 3 ;,20B Jntkeyk 3 Cr< jngkwkd7 ∁Zd 3frkc/cr x ;000/p x hd  hd  ;,2 3;?/cr x ;000/;00 x 0,?4 Cr 3;?x;0x0,?4/;,2

 

Cr 3 10 Gkwkd J :. 4? frkc zkt lrfkenh lrfkenh jnikruthke jkikc 4?0 frkc dogkek coejnjnm pkjk sumu =4  =4      b. ͡ dnik doezoek curen coejnjnm pkjk sumu =0  =0      b 4,?      b, ͡ jke hlestketk hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm clikr doezoek 4,?  ͡ ckhk ckssk rucus roiktna zkt lrfkenb torsodut kjkikm ….  Poeyoiosknke  Jnhotkmun 7 Frkc torikrut 3 4? frkc   Frkc poikrut 3 4?0 frkc   Z 3 =4  =4      b ͡   Zd doezoek 3 =0  Hd 3 4,?  Jntkeykhke Cr Doezoek…<   ∁Zd 3 C . Hd ∁Zd 3 =4 ‒  =0  =0 3 4  4 3 (Frkc/Cr x ;000/p x Hd)  4 3 (4?/Cr x ;000/4?0 x 4,?) Cr 3 (4? x ;000 x 4,?/4 x 4?0)  Cr 3 14?00/?00  Cr

3 ;40 

?. 10 frkc urok (Cr310) jnikruthke jnikruthke jkikc ;14 frkc knr, gnhk tohkeke ukp knr curen kjkikm PU0 ccMf, ckhk tohkeke ukp goeum ikrutke kjkikm... K. ;/;0 P0  D. >/;0 P0  B. ;/> P0  J. ;0/> P0  O. P0  Poeyoiosknke Jnhot7 frkc torikrut3 10 frkc Cr torikrut3 10 Frkc poikrut3;14 frkc Cr poikrut3 ;= P03 P0 ccMf Jntkeykhke7 P< Gkwkd e torikrut3 frkc/Cr3 10/103 ; e poikrut3 frkc/Cr3 ;14/;=3 > ] poikrut3 e poikrut/e poikrut+e torikrut3 >/;0 Romneffk, P3 ] poikrut . P03 >/;0 P0  Gkwkdke D  1. Ruktu ikrutke coefkejuef ;0% EkLM jkikc knr. Gn Gnhk hk tohkeke ukp knr pkjk sumu tortoetu kjkikm ;00ccMf (Kr Ek 3 42, L 3 ;1, M 3 ;), ckhk tohkeke ukp knr sodoskr ...... ccMf. k. =0

 

 d. >0 b. >? j. ;00 o. ;0?  Poeyoiosknke7 Jnh. ;0% EkLM3 ;0fr EkLM >0% knr 3 >0fr knr Pl 3 ;00 ccMf Cr EkLM 3 :0 Cr knr 3 ;=  Cli EkLM 3 (fr/Cr) 3 (;0/:0) 3 0,4? Cli knr 3 (fr/Cr) 3 (>0/;=) 3 ?   Cli nlentle 3 ? + 0,4? 3 ?,4?  P 3 ]p . Pl 3 (Cli knr/Cli nlentle) x Pl 3 (?/?,4?) x ;00 3 >? ccMf  Gkwkdke7 B (>?)  6. Ruktu ikrutke joefke coikruthke 2:,4 frkc suhrlsk (B;4M44L;;) jkikc knr skcpkn vliuco ikrutke ; intor, ckhk ikrutke ykef torgkjn nsltlenh joefke ikrutke... k. BL(EM4)4 ; C  d. B1M;4L1 0,0? C b. BkBi4 0,0? C j.EkLM 0,0? C o. M4RL: 0,;? C Poeyoiosknke Jnhotkmun7 Ckssk suhrlsk3 2:,4 frkc Qliuco ikrutke3 ; intor Jntkeykhke7 Ikrutke ykef torgkjn nsltlenh joefke ikrutke ykef jndukt< Gkwkd7 Cr suhrlsk 3 (;4x;4 44x; ;;x1) 32:4 Cli3 frkc/Cr 3 2:,4/2:4 3 0,; C C 3 cli/ intor 3 0,;/; 3 0,; C Jkrn gkwkdke jn ktks, bkrn nsltlenh joefke ikrutke ikne, ykntu gnhk jngucikmhke mksnieyk mkrus skck 0,; C  k. BL(EM4)4 ( ; C) tnjkh dnsk jnurknhke, hkroek corupkhke bkcpurke ykef cktorn poeyusueeyk tnjkh jkpkt dorudkm mksnieyk totkp ; C 

 

 d. B1M;4L1 (0,0? C) tnjkh dnsk jnurknhke, hkroek corupkhke bkcpurke ykef cktorn poeyusueeyk tnjkh jkpkt dorudkm mksnieyk totkp 0,0? C b. BkBi4 ➫  Bk  Bk 4 + 4Bi0,0? 0,0? 0,; 3 0,;? C j. EkLM ➫  Ek  Ek + LM0,0? 0,0? 0,0? 3 0.; C o. M4RL: ➫  4M  4M + RL : -4  0,;? 0,2 0,;? 3 0,:? C Romneffk jnporliom gkwkdkeeyk dkfnke (j), hkroek mksnieyk nsltlenh joefke ikrutke ykef jndukt joefke gucikm 0,; C  =. Ikrutke frkc jkpur EkBi 0,4? C Pkjk sumu 4?°b cocpueykn cocpueykn tohkeke lsclsns sodoskr ;0,>> ktc, ckhk jorkgkt nlensksn ikrutke torsodut kjkikm... K. 60% D. 6?% B. =0% J. =?% O. >0%  Gkwkd  jnhotkmun7 cli EkBi 3 0,4? cli t EkBi 3 4? b Z 3 4>= Π 3 ;0,>> ktc  ktc  T 3 0,0=4  jntkeykhke7 jorkgkt N 3 <    poeyoiosknke Π 3 C x T x Z x N  N  ;0,>> 3 0,4? x 0,0=4 x 4>= x N ;0,>> 3 1,;0>N N 3 ;0,>>/1,;0> 3 ;,=  rokhsn EkBi 35 Ek+ + Bi- e3 4  N 3 (;+ (e-;))kipmk ;,= 3 (;+(4-;))kipmk ;,= 3 ; + kipmk Kipmk 3 ;,=- ; Kipmk 3 0,= Kipmk 3 =0%  gkwkdke b  >. Poreyktkke ykef doekr toetkef toetkef tohkeke lsclsns kjkikm tohkeke ykef jnporiuhke uetuh...  K. Coefmoetnhke kinrke zkt torikrut jkrn hlesoetrksn hobni coikiun soikput socnporcokdio 

 

 

D. Coefmoetnhke kinrke cliohui-cliohui zkt torikrut jkrn hlesoetrksn hobni ho hlesoetrksn doskr coikiun soikput socnporcokdio  B. Coefmoetnhke kinrke cliohui-cliohui poikrut jkrn hlesoetrksn hobni ho hlesoetrksn hlesoetrksn doskr ckikiun soikput socnporcokdio  J. Coefmoetnhke kinrke cliohui-cliohui poikrut jkrn hlesoetrksn doskr ho hlesoetrksn hobni coikiun soikput socnporcokdio  O. Coebkpkn,hosotncdkefke ketkrk ikrutke joefke hlesoetrksn hobni joefke hlesoetrksn doskr socnporcokdoi   pkjk prlsos lsclsns, cliohui-cliohui poikrut dorcnfrksn jkrn ikrutke ikrutke oebor ho ikrutke ykef iodnm pohkt mneffk jnbkpkn hokjkke hosotncdkefke hlesoetrksn jnketkrk hojuk cojnuc ntu.   GKVKDKE7 B  ;0. Jkrn soeykwk dornhut dnik jnikruthke jnikruthke jkikc 400 cI ikrutke, ykef cocninhn tohkeke lsclsns tordoskr kjkikm..  K. _rok (Cr310) D. Fiuhlsk (Cr3;=0) B. Ruhrlsk (Cr3 2:4) J. Finsorli (Cr3??) O. Iockh (Cr3;.?00) Gkwkdke7 Cnski7 K. e 3 ;/10 3 0,0;1 D. e 3 ;/;=0 3 0,00? B. e 3 ;/2:4 3 0,004 J. e 3 ;/?? 3 0,0;= O. e 3 ;/;?00 3 0,0001 Gkwkd7 π 3 CTZ  CTZ  Gkjn ykef cocninhn tohkeke lsclsns tordoskr kjkikm ykef cocninhn e tordoskr ykntu 0,0;=   Gkwkd J  ;;. 1 frkc urok jnikruthke jkikc knr skcpkn vliuco ikrutke ; intor khke nsltlenh joefke... (Cr _rok310) Poeyoiosknke 7 Nsltlelh dorkrtn enikn hlestrksn urok skck joefke skikm sktu enikn en ikn hlesoetrksn ykef kjk jn pninmke. Ikefhkm portkck,toetuhke hlesoetrksn urok C _rok 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 1/10Ö;000/;000 3 0,;

 

Bktktke 7 Nsltlenh enikn T jke Z skck, gkjn tnjkh poriu jn mntuef. Rotoikm jnhotkmun hlestrksn urok, gkjn gkwkdkeeyk ykef cocpueykn hlesotrksn skck joefke urok.   Ikefhkm hojuk,toetuhke hlesoetrksn cksnef-cksnef jkrn pninmke gkwkdke ntu. C fiuhlsk 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 >0/;=0Ö;000/;000 3 0,? C suhrlsk 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 2:4/2:4Ö;000/;000 3; C fiuhlsk 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 ;=0/;=0Ö;000/;000 3; C finsorli 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 ??/??Ö;000/;000 3 ;  C finsorli 3 frkc/CrÖ;000/ci 3 ?,?/??Ö;000/;000 3 0,; Gkwkdkeeyk ykef cocpueykn enikn hlesoetrksn skck joefke urok, gkjn gkwkdkeeyk (O).   ;4. Arkhsn cli fiuhlsk (Cr3;=0) (Cr3;=0) jkikc ikrutke fiuhlsk =0% cks ckssk sk jn jkikc knr kjkikm... k. ;/:  d. 4/6 b. :/> j. ?/> o. ?/6 Gkwkd7 Jnhotkmun7 Cnski ckssk tltki3 ;00 frkc =0% ckssk3 =0 frkc fiuhlsk Ckssk knr3 ;00-=03 40 frkc Gkjn, Ckssk fiuhlsk 7 =0 frkc Cr fiuhlsk 7 ;=0 Cli fiuhlsk 7 =0/;=03 :/> Ckssk knr 7 40 frkc Cr knr 7 ;= Cli knr 7 40/;=3 ;0/>   Jntkeyk7 Arkhsn cli fiuhlsk)/(:/>+;0/>) 3 (:/>)/ (;:/>) 3 (:/>) Ö (>/;:) 3 21/;41 3 4/6

 

Gkjn arkhsn cli fiuhlskeyk kjkikm 4/6 (Gkwkdke D)  ;?. Gnhk =6,6? frkc EkBi jnikruthke jnikruthke jkikc 6,? hf knr curen, ckhk ikrutke jkikc hokjkke elrcki (P3 ; ktc) ykef tokrgkjn khke cocninhn tntnh dohu jke tntnh jnjnm sodoskr... (Kr Ek3 42, Bi3 2?,?8 Ha knr3 ;,=18 Hd knr3 0,?)   k. -0,66:°B jke ;02,64°B  d. -0,6::°B jke ;00,4°B b. -0,264°B jke ;00,4°B j. -0,4°B jke ;00,264°B o. -0,4°B jke ;00,6::°B Pocdkmkske7 Jnhot7 Frkc torikrut7 =6,6? frkc Cr torikrut 7 ?=,? e74 Frkc poikrut 7 6,? hf3 6?00 frkc Cr poikrut 7 ;= Ha knr 7 ;,=1 Hd knr 7 0,? Jnt7 Za jke Zd3 < Gkwkd7 ΚZa 3 c.Ha x e 3ckssk/Cr x ;000/P x H\a x e 3 =6,6?/?=,? x;000/6?00 x ;,=1 x 4 3 ;.? x 0,;22 x ;,=1 x 4 3 0,6::°B  Za 3 0 ‒  ΚZa   3 0 ‒  0 ‒  0,6::  0,6:: 3 -0,6::°B  ΚZd 3 c. Hd x e  e  3ckssk/Cr x ;000/P x H\d x e 3 =6,6?/?=,? x ;000/6?00 x 0,? x 4 3 ;,? x 0,;22 x 0,? x 4 3 0,4°B  Zd 3 ;00 + ΚZd  ΚZd   3 ;00 + 0,4 3 ;00,4°B  GKVKDKE7 D  ;1. Pormktnhke ikrutke jndkwkm nen! ;) 0,; c EkEL2 4) 0,4 c fiuhlsk 2) 0,; c EkBi4 Jkrn jktk jnktks, poreyktkke ykef doekr kjkikm... k) tntnh jnjnm coenefhkt joefke (;)3(4)9(2)

 

 

d) tntnh dohu coenefhkt joefke (;)3(4)9(2) b) tohkeke lsclsns coenefhkt (;)9(4)9(2) j) gkwkdke k jke d doekr o) gkwkdke k jke B doekr Poeyoiosknke 7 Jnhotkmun  EkEL2 3 0,; C e 3 4 fiuhlsk 3 0,4 C BkBi4 3 0,; C e 3 2 Ha knr 3 ;,=1°b/cliki Hd knr 3 0,?4°b/cliki  jktk ;7 * ∁Za3 ckssk/Cr. ;000/p. Ha   ∁Za3 c . Ha . n  n  ∁Za3 0,; . ;,=1 . 4  4  ∁Za3 0,264°B  Za 3 - 0,264°B   ** ∁Zd 3 c . Hd. n  n  3 0,; . 0,?4 . 4 3 0,;0: °B Zd 3 ;00,;0: lB  jktk 47 ∁Za3 c . Ha   ∁Za3 0,4 . ;,=1  ;,=1  ∁Za3 0,264 °b  Za 3 0 - 0,264 3 - 0,264°b  ** ∁Zd 3 C . Hd  Hd  3 0,4 . 0,?4 3 0,;0: °b Zd 3 ;00,;0: °B  jktk 2 ∁Za3 c . Ha . n  n  ∁Za3 0,; . ;,=1 . 2  2  ∁Za3 0,??=°b  Za 3 - 0,??=   ** ∁Zd 3 c . Hd . n 3 0,; . 0,?4 . 2 3 0,;?1 °b Zd 3 ;00,;?1 °B  Hotorkefke 7 * kjkikm coebkrn Zntnh Dohu ** kjkikm coebkrn tntnh jnjnm Gkjn, gkwkdkeeyk kjkikm (K)  

 

  ;6. Gnhk ;0 fr jkrn cksnef-cksnef zkt jndkwkm nen ykef jnikruthke jkikc ; hf knr, ckhk zkt ykef khke cocdornhke ikrutke joefke tntnh dohu pkinef roejkm kjkikm .... k. otkeli (B4M?LM)  d. finsorne (B2M=L2) b. fiuhlsk (B1M;4L1) j. cotkeli (BM2LM) o. socuk zkt jnktks cocdornhke oaoh yf skck Poeyoiosknke Jnh7 ckssk 3 ;0 frkc Poikrut 3 ;hf 3 ;000 frkc Jnt7 Zntnh dohu pkinef roejkm< Gkwkd7 Cr otkeli 3 :1 Cr finsorne 3 >4 Cr fiuhlsk 3 ;=0 Cr cotkeli 3 24   Hkroek socuk zkt torsodut ele-oiohtrlint, ckhk zkt z kt ykef cocninhn Cr pkinef sojnhnt khke coefmksnihke joitk tntnh dohu pkinef doskr ykef dorkrtn coefmksnihke tntnh dohu pkinef roejkm. Wkt ykef cocninhn Cr pkinef sojnhnt jkrn zkt-zkt jn ktks kjkikm cotkeli (BM2LM). Gkwkdke (J)  ;= . Jnketkrk hoinck ikrutke dornhut, ykef cocpueykn tntnh jnjnm pkinef roejkm kjkikm.... k. B1M;4L1 0,02 C  d. Cf(EL2)4 0,04 C b. EkBi 0,04 C j. Ki4(RL:)2 0,0; C o. HKi(RL:)4 0,02 C Jkrn hoinck ikrutke torsodut torjkpkt : ikrutke oiohtrlint jke ; ikrutke eleoiohtrlint. Pordkejnefke tntnh jnjnm jkpkt jninmkt jkrn jorkgkt nlensksneyk. Jorkgkt nlensksn eleoiohtrlint 3 0 Jorkgkt nlensksn oiohtrlint 3 90 5; ( oiohtrlint iockm) 3 ; ( oiohtrlint hukt) Rosukn joefke hotoetuke, sockhne doskr jorkgkt nlensksn sockhne tneffn tntnh jnjnm. Liom hkroek ntu, ikrutke eleoiohtrlint khke cocninhn tntnh jnjnm iodnm roejkm jkrn jk rn ikrutke oiohtrlint.  Gkwkdkeeyk kjkikm K.  ;>. ;0 frkc iockh jnikruthke jkikc ;00 frkc dorzoek (Ha3?,;) toreyktk cocdohu pkjk sumu 0,2:°B jn dkwkm tntnh dohu dorzoek curen, ckssk cliohui roiktna iockh torsodut kjkikm... k.;? b.;?0 o.;?00  d.20 j.200 Poeyoiosknke Jnhot7 ckssk iockh3 ;0 frkc

 

P dogkek 3 ;00 frkc Ha 3 ?,; ∁Za 3 0,2:°B  0,2:°B  Jnt7 Cr< Gkwkd7 ∁Za3 ckssk/Cr. ;000/p. Ha   0,2: 3 ;0/Cr. ;000/;00.?,; 0,2: 3 ;0/Cr. ;0.?,; 0,2: 3 ?;0/Cr Cr 3 ?;0/0,2: 3 ;?00 Gkjn gkwkdkeeyk kjkikm (O)  40. Jnhotkmun ; frkc moclfildne jkikc ;00 ci ikrutke cocpueykn tohkeke lsclsns 4,6? ccMf  pkjk sumu 40⁰B, ckhk Cr moclfildne kjkikm…  kjkikm…  k. =6  d. =60 b. =600 j. =6000 o. =60000 Poeyoiosknke Jnh 7 frkc torikrut 7 ; frkc Qliuco 7 ;00 ci Π 7 4,6? ccMf  ccMf  Z 7 4>2⁰H Gkwkd 7 Π 3 C.T.Z  C.T.Z  Π 3 C . 0,0=4 . 4>2  4>2  4,6? 3 =,6 =,6 3 ;/Cr.;000/;00 ;00 Cr 3 =600/; Cr 3 =600/;00 Cr 3 =60 Gkjn gkwkdkeeyk kjkikm =60 (D)

Rlki El. ; 

Jnskgnhke dodorkpk snakt hlinfktna ikrutke jkikc homnjupke somkrn-mkrn dornhut. ;. Poeffuekke bknrke totos cktk 4. Poeffuekke fkrkc jkpur uetuh cocdueum inetkm 2. Poeffuekke fkrkc jkpur jkikc pocduktke os putkr :. Poeffuekke fkrkc jkpur uetuh coebknrhke skigu ?. Pocduktke hlikc kpuef

   

Poeorkpke snakt hlinfktna ikrutke ykef dormuduefke joefke poeurueke tntnh dohu ikrutke jntueguhhke liom kefhk ….  ….   K. ;) jke 4) D. ;) jke ?) B. 4) jke :) J. 2) jke :) 

O. :) jke ?) Pocdkmkske7 

Poeffuekke fkrkc jkpur jkikc pocduktke os putkr khke coeuruehke sumu bkcpurke poejnefne somneffk kjleke os putkr jkpkt cocdohu. Hocujnke, poeffuekke fkrkc jkpur uetuh coebknrhke skigu khke coeuruehke tntnh dohu skigu somneffk skigu jkpkt coebknr pkjk sumu inefhuefke. Rlki El. 4 

Pormktnhke jktk porbldkke tntnh jnjnm dodorkpk ikrutke dornhut!

Ikrutke

Hlesoetrksn (cliki)

HBi

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B;4M44L;; 

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Ki4(RL:)2 

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Dorjkskrhke jktk torsodut jkpkt jnsncpuihke dkmwk … …    K. Zntnh jnjnm jnpoefkrumn jnpoefkrumn liom goens ikrutke D. Ikrutke ykef pkinef suhkr coejnjnm kjkikm ikrutke B M L   ;4

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B. Hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke mkeyk jnpoefkrumn liom goens zkt torikrut J. Ikrutke ykef pkinef cujkm coejnjnm kjkikm ikrutke Ki (RL )   4

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O. Hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke oiohtrlint iodnm doskr jkrnpkjk ikrutke eleoiohtrlint  Pocdkmkske7 

Coshnpue hotnfk ikrutke torsodut cocninhn hlesoetrksn ykef skck, khke totkpn HBi jke Ki (RL )  corupkhke ikrutke oiohtrlint jke B M L  corupkhke ikrutke eleoiohtrlint, somneffk ikrutke HBi jke Ki (RL )  jkpkt tornlensksn jke B M L tnjkh jkpkt tornlensksn. Mki torsodut coefkhndkthke hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ykef dordojk-dojk. Hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke  Ki (RL )  sodoskr 4,1 B 5 hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke HBi 4

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sodoskr 0,?4 B. ;,0: B 5 hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke B M L  sodoskr Rlki El. 2  Pormktnhke tkdoi muduefke ketkrk dodorkpk goens zkt bknr joefke tohkeke ukp dornhut ;4

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Zohkeke _kp Goeum (bc 4?0B

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Fkyk tkrnh coekrnh ketkrcliohui ykef pkinef hukt pkjk goens ….  zkt bknr kjkikm ….  K. P 

 

D. [ B. T J. R O. Z Pocdkmkske7

Rockhne roejkm tohkeke ukp goeum suktu zkt ckhk fkyk tkrnh coekrnh ketkrcliohui zkt torsodut sockhne hukt jke sodkinheyk, sockhne doskr tohkeke ukp goeum suktu zkt ckhk fkyk tkrnh coekrnh ketkrcliohui zkt torsodut sockhne iockm. Rlki El. : 

Dornhut nen dodorkpk bletlm poeorkpke snakt hlinfktna ikrutke jkikc homnjupke somkrn-mkrn. ;. Poeyorkpke knr liom khkr tkekcke 4. Poekcdkmke fkrkc jkikc pocduktke os putkr 2. Poekcdkmke fkrkc uetuh coebknrhke skigu :. Poeffuekke fkrkc uetuh cocdueum inetkm ?. Coekcdkmhke otnioe finhli pkjk rkjnktlr cldni Poeorkpke tohkeke lscltnh torjkpkt pkjk pornstnwk ….  ….   K. ;) jke 2) D. ;) jke :) 

B. 4) jke 2) J. 4) jke ?) O. :) jke ?) Pocdkmkske7 

Poeyorkpke knr liom khkr tkekcke torgkjn hkroek hlesoetrksn jkikc tkekm iodnm tneffn jndkejnefhke hlesoetrksn jn khkr. Hocujnke,

fkrkc

ykef

jntkdurhke

pkjk

inetkm

khke

   

coeyodkdhke knr ykef kjk jkikc tudum inetkm hoiukr, mki torsodut coeyodkdhke inetkm coefkikcn jomnjrksn ktku hohurkefke bknrke ykef coeyodkdhke hocktnke (jnskrkehke hkroek inetkm gufk ckhmiuh mnjup ykef mkrus  gkefke coebldk mki nen, hkroek hntk gkfk hoikefsuefke mnjupeyk)  Rlki El. ?  Jnskgnhke jktk porbldkke poeurueke tntnh dohu dornhut.

Ikrutke

Hlesoetrksn (cliki)

 EkBi

0,0;

 EkBi

0,04

BL(EM4)4 

0,0;

BL(EM4)4 

0,04

B1M;4L1 

0,0;

Dorjkskrhke jktk torsodut, jkpkt jnsncpuihke ….   poeurueke tntnh dohu ikrutke torfketuef pkjk ….  K. Gucikm pkrtnhoi zkt torikrut  

D. Hlesoetrksn cliki ikrutke B. Gucikm pkrtnhoi poikrut J. Ckssk zkt torikrut O. Goens poikrut Pocdkmkske7 

Zntn

dkmwk

 

Dorjkskrhke jktk jn ktks jkpkt hntk inmkt dkmwk ikrutke EkBi, BL(EM ) , jke B M L  cocninhn hlesoetrksn ykef skck ykntu 0,0; cliki ekcue tntnh dohu ikrutke dordojk-dojk. Mki torsodut jnkhndkthke hkroek EkBi corupkhke ikrutke oiohtrlint ykef jkpkt tornlensksn coegkjn Ek jke Bi  (torjkpkt 4 nle). Rojkefhke ikrutke BL(EM )  jke B M L corupkhke ikrutke ele oiohtrlint somneffk tnjkh jkpkt tornlensksn. Joefke jocnhnke, EkBi cocninhn gucikm pkrtnhoi zkt ykef torikrut 4 hkin iodnm dkeykh jkrnpkjk ikrutke BL(EM )  jke B M L . Mki torsodut coefkhndkthke poeurueke tntnh dohu ikrutke EkBi 4 hkin iodnm doskr jkrnpkjk poeurueke tntnh dohu ikrutke BL(EM )  jke B M L  pkjk hlesoetrksn ykef skck. 4 4

1

;4

1

+

4 4

 ‒ 

1

;4

1

4 4

1

;4

1

4 4

1

;4

1

Rlki El. 1  1 

Borcktn pornstnwk hncnk dornhut! Poeyuinefke cneykh ducn   Poeffuekke ldkt totos cktk Hojuk pornstnwk torsodut sobkrk dorturu-turut corupkhke bletlm snakt hlinfktna ….  ….   





K. Hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm jke tohkeke lscltnh  

D. Poeurueke tntnh dohu jke hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm B. Zohkeke lscltnb jke poeurueke tohkeke ukp J. Hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm jke poeurueke tohkeke ukp O. Poeurueke tohkeke ukp jke poeurueke tntnh dohu Pocdkmkske7   

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Poeyuinefke cneykh ducn coeffuekhke prnesnp jostniksn, ykntu pocnskmke dorjkskrhke pordojkke tntnh jnjnm. Bknrke ldkt totos cktk ykef cocnihn snakt mnpltlenh khke coefkinr coiowktn cocdrke socnporcokdio pkjk cktk jke cksuh ho bknrke jkikc cktk.

Rlki El. 6  6 

 

Ruktu ikrutke eleoiohtrlint cocdohu pkjk sumu -0,264  Gnhk H  knr  knr 3 ;,=1 B/cli jke H  knr 3 0,?4 B/cli, B/cli, hoeknhke  hoeknhke tntnh jnjnm ikrutke torsodut sodoskr ….  ….   K. 0,0?2 B D. 0,;0: B  B. 0,264 B J. 0,?40 B O. ;,0:0 B Pocdkmkske7  Jnhotkmun7 0

0

a 

0

 d

0

0

0 0

0

Z  ikrutke  ikrutke 3 ‒ 3 ‒ 0,264  0,264 B H  knr  knr 3 ;,=1 B/cli H  knr 3 0,?4 B/cli 0

a 

0

a 

0

 d

Jntkeykhke7 ….   p  p

Rodkeykh :,> frkc M RL  jnikruthke jkikc ;=0 frkc knr. Gnhk M RL  tornlensksn socpurek jke tohkeke ukp knr pkjk sumu rukef sodoskr 20 ccMf, tohkeke ukp ikrutke pkjk sumu torsodut sodoskr …. (Kr7 M 3 ;8 R 3 248 L 3 ;1)  ;1)    K. 4>,=? ccMf 4

4

:

:

D. 4>,60 ccMf B. 4>,?1 ccMf J. 4>,2? ccMf O. 4>,4= ccMf Pocdkmkske7 

Ikrutke M RL  tornlensksn socpurek (λ 3 ;)  ;)  M RL ↔ 4M + RL   e32 4

4

:

+

:

4:

n 3 ; + (e-;) (e-;) λ 3 ; + (2 ‒ ;) ‒ ;) ; 3 2 e M RL  3 fr/Cr 3 :,>/>1= 3 0,0? cli 4

:

 

e M L 3 fr/Cr 3 ;=0/;= 3 ;0 cli 4

Rlki El. ;0 

Rodkeykh ;,;6 frkc EkBi jnikruthke jkikc knr mneffk vliucoeyk ?00 cI. Gnhk EkBi tornlensksn =0%, tntnh jnjnm ikrutke torsodut kjkikm ….  ….  (Kr7 Ek 3 428 Bi 3 2?,?8 H  3 0,?4 B/c)  K. ;00,04; B D. ;00,026 B  d

0 0

B. ;00,0:4 B J. ;00,06: B O. ;00,;;1 B Pocdkmkske7  Jnhotkmun7 0 0

0

fr EkBi 3 ;,;6 fr Cr EkBi 3 ?=,? Q 3 ?00 cI  Λ 3 =0% 3 0,=  0,=  H 3 0,?4 B/c Jntkeykhke7 Z  …< …= D. 0,?? J. 0,=6 Pocdkmkske7 

Za . c .x n;,>/Cr x ;000/4?0 x n 0,26433 ha;,=1 n 3 4,? n 3 (e (e ‒  ‒  ;) λ + ;  ;  e jkrn CfBi4 3 2 n 3 (2 (2 ‒  ‒  ;) λ  λ  + ; 4,?3 (4) λ + ;  ;  3 0,6?  Gkwkd7 B 

=. _etuh coeknhhke tntnh jnjnm 4?0 ci knr coegkjn ;00,;°B pkjk tohkeke ; ktc (Hd 3 0,?0), ckhk gucikm fuik (Cr 3 2:4) ykef mkrus jnikruthke kjkikm . . . .  K. 1=: frkc frkc B. =1 frkc frkc O. 2:4 frkc frkc D. ;6; frkc

J. ;6,; frkc

Pocdkmkske7  Hd 3 Hj 3 0,? Zntnh jnjnm7 t 3 t.jikrutke t.jikrutke ‒  ‒ t.jpoikrut  t.jpoikrut 3 ;00,; ‒ ;00,; ‒ ;00  ;00 3 0,;lB  ΚZj 3 Hj x c 0,; 3 0,? x f/2:4 x ;000/4?0 fr 3 ;6,; frkc Gucikm fuik ykef mkrus jnikruthke kjkikm ;6,; frkc Gkwkd7 J 

 

>. Ruktu ikrutke jnporliom jkrn coikruthke 1 f _rok (Cr 3 10) jkikc ; intor knr. Ikrutke ykef ikne jnporliom jkrn coikruthke ;= f fiuhlsk (Cr 3 ;=0) jkikc ; intor knr. Pkjk sumu ykef skck dorkpk tohkeke lsclsk ikrutke portkck jndkejnefhke tormkjkp ikrutke hojuk<  K. Roportnfk Roportnfk ikrutke ikrutke hojuk D. Znfk hkin ikrutke hojuk B. Juk portnfk ikrutke hojuk J. Rkck soportn ikrutke hojuk O. Znfk porjuk hkin ikrutke hojuk Pocdkmkske7  Nefkt snakt Hlinfktna Ikrutke! 1 f _rok (Cr 3 10) 3 1/10cli/I 3 0,;cli/I ;= f fiuhlsk (Cr 3 ;=0) 3;=/;=0 cli/I 3 0,;cli/I Gucikm cli skck jkikc vliuco ykef skck7 (clikr) tohkeke lsclsk hojuk ikrutke skck. Gkwkd7 J 

;0. Rupkyk knr sodkeykh ; tle tnjkh  cocdohu  cocdohu pkjk sumu  ‒  ‒?°B, ?°B, ho jkikceyk mkrus jnikruthke fkrkc jkpur, ykef gucikmeyk tnjkh dliom hurkef jkrn (totkpke poeurueke tntnh dohu cliki knr ;,=18 Cr EkBi 3 ?=,?)  K. ;2,: hf B. ?=,? hf O. ;?4,4 hf D. 41,> hf J. 6=,1 hf Pocdkmkske7  Cocdohu pkjk sumu ‒ sumu ‒?°B, ?°B, ckhk Zd. knr 3 0°B ‒ 0°B ‒ (-?°B)  (-?°B) 3 ?°B. _etuh ikrutke oiohtrlint7  ΚZd 3 Hd c. e 3 Hd. f/Cr ;000/p . e f 3 gucikm dorkt zkt ykef jnikruthke

Cr 3 ckssk cliohui roiktna zkt ykef jnikruthke Hd 3 Zotkpke dohuc cliki zkt poikrut P 3 gucikm dorkt zkt poikrut 3 jorkgkt nlensksn oiohtrlint ykef jnikruthke e 3 gucikm cli nle ykef jnmksnihke liom ; cli oiohtrlint ;. EkBi à Ek+ + Bi+ e 3 4 Cnski7 EkBi ykef jnikruthke x cli   ΚZd 3  3  Hd c. e 3 Hd. f/Cr ;000/p . e ? 3 ;,=1. hf/?=,? ;000/;000 . 4 hf 3 6=,140 hf EkBi 3 6=.140 f 3 6=,14 hf  Gkjn supkyk ; tle knr tnjkh cocdohu pkjk ‒ pkjk  ‒?°B, ?°B, mkrus jnikruthke fkrkc jkpur (EkBi),  gucikmeyk tnjkh dliom dliom hurkef jkrn 6=,1 hf, hf, sodkd sodkd dnik skck skck joefke joefke 6=,14 hf ckhk

 

ikrutke cocdohu. Gkwkd7 J 

;;. Poekcdkmke ?,: frkc suktu zkt eleoiohtrlint ho jkikc 200 frkc knr toreyktk coeuruehke tntnh dohu sodoskr 0,4:°B. Gnhk Ha knr 3 ;,=1lB ckhk Cr zkt torsodut kjkikm . . . .  K. =,0: B. 10,>1 O. ;2>,?0 ;2>,?0 D. ;4,?1 J. ;0=,?1 Pocdkmkske7   Κta   3 Ha .c 0,4: 3 ;,=1 . ?,:/Cr ;000/200 Cr 3 ;2>,?0 Gkwkd7 O