SnapShot Intermediate Language Booster

l.1

~

Grammar Stay cool Past simple and present perfect simple

you yet film Brad Pitt the new

>

1 Use the words in the circles with the verb in the box to make two sentences, one in the past simple and one in the present perfect simple. They last night here

a Icome I

4B you

the new Brad Pitt yesterday film

9 ................................. ............................................... ..

recently several They times here

.!.~.~Y.~~!!!~.~~!'.~.~l!.~.!!!!l.~.~: .........................................

2 .~~Y:~~ .~~~~.~~~~ .~~~~l!.~ .~~!!!~. ~~~~!!~I!I:...................

............................................................................... ?

10 ................................................................................. .

............................................................................... ?

The definite article and zero article 2

>Complete the sentences with the

where necessary. already dinner

dinner o'clock at seven

Do you play .... !~~ .... guilar?

Do you play .... ::-..... tennis?

Have you ever been to ........... Caribbean?

3 ............... ...... ....................... ... .................................. ...

2 It was li ght at four ' o'clock in ........... morn in g.

4 ......................................................................... .......... .

3 We spoke ........... English most of the time.

Leone yesterday

1,000 m

e'-­

She

1,500 m just

4 Did you go by ........... train?

(

5 Let's go to ........... Plaza Cinema. It's more

comfortable than ........... Empire.

6 Do you ever watch ........... foreign Al ms?

7 Why di d she leave ........... home?

5 ....................................................................................

6 ................................................................................... .

8 Did you visit ........... Pyramid when you were

in Egypt?

9 00 yo u study ........... music at sch ool?

Q I not the school trip on last year

never I a school trip on

7 ....................................... ............................................ .

10 ........... landslide which followed the stonn did

a lot of damage.

11 We had ........... vegetable curry and ........... rice.

........... curry was good but ........... rice

was cold.

12 ........... North Star was really bright last night.

lt was ........... brightest star in ........... sky.

8 .................................................................................. ..

10

Go for it ) Past simple and present perfect simple

Marco: Then

Tracey: How

I ••.••••.•.••••.••.•.•••••.•••••••••••••

Marco: Terriblel

(l /never/felt)

0

Tracey:

10 ..................................................................... .

(you/slow dow n)? Marco: No,

11 ......................................

(l/not have)

enough time. Tracey: Erm, Marco, how many lessons

J ••••• ••••••••.•••••••••••.•••••••••••

(you/do)?

Marco: Well," ................................................................. .

12............... .

................................... (you/have) so far? Marco: Ten.

(the lesson/not start) very well. 1 turned left

Tracey: Why don't you try a different instructor?

instead of right and

Marco: I'll have to.

5.....................

(hit) the

pavement. Tracey:

(there/be) a sharp

bend at the bottom.

embarra ed in my

whole lifel Tracey: Why? Whal

9 .......................................

(you/get on)?

2 •••• .•• •• ••• . •••••• . ••••• . •• . •••••• ••• ••• . •.•••• •

(1 /go down)

a Sleep hill in top gear. And

3;- Complete the conversation, putting the verbs into the past simple or present perfect simple. Marco: .!)'.~.i.I!!.!.~!!!!.. O/just/have) a driving lesson.

8 ......................................

6 ........................................

13 .... ........ ..................................... .

(Dan /just/refuse) to teach me any more. (you/have) problems

He said it was too stressful!

with your right and left ever since 7......... . ......... ............. . ......... ..

(I/know) you.

Definite, indefinite and zero articles

4/ Complete the newspaper article with the or a/an where necessary.

Mobile phone saves girl ATEP.tlAGE DRIVER called 999 on her m hilt- pbonl' as h lay injured after ... e.... car occident. , ......... cnll saved her Ufe. On nlesday, eighteen-year-oltl Rachel Edward.~ went out for 2......... drive in ......... I!arly evening after 4......... row with

I1cr ooy Iriend. She losll'onlTOlllf ' ......... car

un ......... CUtist road at Whitesand Bay in

Suuth C mwal l and wenl uver 7 ......... edge

I ......... diff.

llt

A 'J ......... car r !led do", n 10 ......... cliff, Rarhl·t managed to jump uuL Somehow, she .till had her handbag with her. and inside It......... handbag was her mobih: phone. She ,llletll)49 [l[JtI very soon 11 ........ helicopter II~. no il~ \\ ay to rescue her 1 ......... lirsl llung we aw was 14 ......... \.'llI ut 15......... bOl1um of 1".. _ ..... cliff. saId 17 ......... helicopter pilot. 'We then saw Miss Edwards further up IR......... cliff, unahle 10 move. I') ......... se~ wa~ coming in

fast. We didn't have much time. When we lifted Rachel to 20......... nfety.21 ......... water w~ about a metre from her car.' 22......... helicopter flew Lo :'J ........ . Roborough Airport. From there, 24....... .. ambulance took Rachel to Derriford Ho.pita!, where she is now recovering.

'We knew nothing untd 25,........ police

contacted us: aid Rachel" father. 'She has

had 26 ......... luckiest escape of anyone

I've ver known.' Mr Edwards wa... full

01'2 7 .. ....... admiration for 28 .........

emergency services.

11

Vocabular Stay cool

Across

5 To return to your house: to go ............... (4)

7 .............. all trains stop at Charing Cross? (2)

8 To continue a journey: to go ............... (2)

9 The door was open, but we didn't go ............... (2)

10 The people on a bus. (10)

14 They dOll' t have to change plane. They're flying

.............. to Katmandu. (6) 15 A plane journey. (6) 18 Abbreviation for European Union. (2) 20 Form of transporl found in Nepal. (8)

5> Solve the crossword.

Go for it

6>

Complete the account of this journey in your notebook using the pictures 1 to 7. last month, , went to Kosice in Slovakia to see my friend Gabriel. It was a real adventure because it was the first time I'd travelled on my own. This is how I got there. I went to the airport by taxi. , arrived at 7.30.

Down 1 Sorry, there are .............. seats left. (2) 2 Five tickets at two pounds ea h - that's .............. pounds, please. (3)

3 Does this bus go .............. Piccadilly? (2)

4 1 waited half ...........:... hoUT ror a bu . (2)

" . 6 Why are you so late? Did you ............. the train? (4)

7 We walked .............. the hill to he beach. (4)

8 Could you just go .............. tI e directions

once more? (4) to You wail on this for a train. (8) 11 The third planet from the SUIl . (5) 12 If you want to travel firc; t class. you'll have La pay ............... (5) 13 What time do we .............. sail? (3) 14 The person driving a car. (6) 16 An organised long walk. (4) 17 'Did you take the trai n from London to Brussels?' 'No, I .............. .' (4)

19 She's American, so she ha a .............. passport (2)

2

I 9.30 I 5

6

Kosice 22.00 12

Communication

Go for it 7 ) Complete the conversations. A: .E'!.'!........ you give John a message?

9> Write the conversations. Use a different expression each time.

B: .Pf.... course.

A: Do ............................... if 1 use your computer?

B: No, ......................... all.

2 A: ..................................... if 1 have the day off tomorrow? B: I'd ......................... you didn·t. We're very busy at the moment.

Joe: [I] .. P.C!.!l.c!'~ .'.':!!!!~. if.L~!th.~r.~? ..........................

Usa: IKJ ):!!!.~~r.r;Y.:.M!l.fr.!.~~~~~.~~~!!!!l.!~.~r.~: ..........

3 A: ......................... 1 close the window?

B: Of course you may.

B

ffil

Ipay phone I

Io:.~

-=.,j~J~~

What's wrong? 8 / Correct the mistakes. W wenl by #te- train . I n 'ver been there.

Man: [I] ...................................................................

Receptionist:

2 I don't like going in his car. lie's a

IKJ .....................................................

terrible conductor. en Joanna yesterday.

J l'

4 Its just over there.

5 W' went to Adriatic Coast last year.

() Do you mind that 1 leave now?

7 I'd rather drive than be a pasenger.

2 Una: [I] ...................................................................

Marco: [i2J ................................................................

bulary 0): Predicting situations

Va

pr pare our II' for specific situations by p d, thlf1 k 'Y vo auulaTY. For example, at the "1 d at al1 airport words and phra e hi h y u may h ar r n ed are passport. hand baggag • aisle/window seat. boarding card, gate m mb r. boarding time. Y W nl to btl Complete the story with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

It wa a C 01 evening in September 1895. John Markham .. ~!!.c!..~.f!.~ ...... (had) a hard day at work,

and he ..~~~.~f!.f!.~!'.'.9.fo.~!!.~~J~.... (look forward to)

gettmg home. uddenly, a woman ... !:':'.~~~~ .. (rush) out of the oftice next door. Sbe

I •.••.••••.••••.•• . ••.•....•...

(shake) with fTlght because she

2•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

(hear) someone screaming in the cellar. She was ure it was a ghost. John

J ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••

(not believe) in

ghost so he ., ............................... (go) into the

above his head. He

building to investigate. It was very quiet. But just as

the piece of paper arefully. It was the death

he

5......................................

(think) Lhat it was all the

woman's imaginaUon, he ii . . .................... ......... (hear)

14...............................

cerUficale of a fi fteen-year-old girl called Alice Pick. She

15...............................

The next day, John

screams. "Who are you? What do you want?" cried John. The screaming ,............................... (not stop) so he n.................................

(hurry) towards the place

(exami ne)

(die) of tal'vation.

16 ...............................

(tell) his

neighbour about the evening's extraordin ryevents. Apparently, the building

17 ..... ...................... ..

................., .................. (not alwayslbe) an office. It

where it 'I .... ....................................... .. .. (come from ).

I~ .....................................................

He

rich woman called Eva Tyndale who had shut Alice,

10 ...............................

the cellar,

(reach) the door leading to

II .............................. .

IJ. .............., ................

Suddenly, the uoor

(take) a candle and

(go) down the cellar stairs.

13 ...............................

(slam)

behmd him. making a piece of paper fall from a shelf

6> Write the questions or answers.

.~~.Y..~~)~~.~..~f!.f!.~~'.'9.f~~!!r.~.!~.9~rr!~9..~.f!.'!!:~.? ... Because he'd had a hard day at work. How did he know the woman was frightened?

(oncelbelong) to a

her servant, in the cellar. One of the oLher servants told the police. but by the ti me they discovered Alice, she was dead and Mrs TyndaJe

[ Complete the phrases. Then match them with the categories below.

...... !.~~rL ...... awrul! I've gol .................... good n w .

1.»

cl ........................ done! You ............. ............ be r

ally pi ased.

dl I've ......................... heard some bad llews. rI ......................... terrific!

n What ......................... g}

hamel

I'm arraid l've got ...................................... ..

11) ........................ . what!

i

DD DD DD

Announcing good news

2 Responding to good news

1 Announcing bad news

3 Kate: Friend: Kate: Friend:

I don 't know. Tell me !

:'1

_.

1 Responding to bad news

Go for it

SUBJECT

Histo~

PASS/FAIL

RJjI

MARKS

~O/'OO

COMMENTS

&me.

a / Write the conversations.

I! ,1:1

~ood/

+hi~s,

t

London

1'1

~+

_I

---­

~I

j \:1

W43QB 14th October

4 Neil :

Friend: Neil : Friend:

[ It ar M r Harris, YIlU

have w()n [\ ,OOO! We howe pleasure

ill

Mr Harris: .!):~9.f!.~.~l!.'!!.~.9.'!.C?c!..'!.~.~~:....................... Friend: Really? Tell me! Mr Harris: Friend:

What's wrong?)

9> Correct the mistakes. Are you

THE FOLLOWI G PEOPLE ALL LOST

THEIR OBS YESTERDAY

5arat.. P-OS'S' J"alYlC-S' P-i£,./-t.ardS' .Marl-i." TI/frne-r

Friend: Sarah: Friend:

What's happened?

wo..........ie.d

W&~ about

your test?

15 it difficult to give in smoking?

2 Imagine my surprisement when she walked in! 3 1 couldn't answer the door because I had a shower. 4

2 Sarah:

Oh? What's happened?

When I found out about the concert. I phoned immediately. Luckily, they didn't sell all the tickets.

5 I phoned her as soon I heard the news. 19

'­

1

...

••••

­

Grammar ~ Stay coo

)

The fut ure

2 ) Complete the messages with will/won't, may, might, going to ~r the present continuous. In some cases, there

1 '/ Circle t he correct response,

are two possibilities.

1'm off now.

a) OK. I'm going to see you later.

( b) OK. I'll see you later. )

1 was wondering if you would like to

go out tonight.

lLAesday

MMtut -KkaAeJ. pkol1~ ~jttA~ fl.tD.se. 1......... . ............................. .

(vou/nng) kim uMe+1 ~

a) l'm afraid 1 can't. l'm meeting Karim.

b) l'm afraid I can't. I'll meet Karim.

~e.t W\'?

2 Have you decided yert

a) Yes. l'm going to have a pizza.

b) Yes. 1 have a pizza.

3 What do you fancy' for de ert?

a) 1 don't have anything, thanks.

b) I won't have anythmg, thanks.

4 There's someone at the door.

a) OK. I go.

b) OK. I'll go.

5 I'm wearing jeans so I might nol get into the dub.

a) Don't worry. You'll get in. b) Don 't worry. You 're gelling in.

Jo11~

~:~~l\'.~'" ~~1.~~~H f'5. I'~ Mt SlAre ~ek, but l ........ . ...............................

to betA W'I~ . 'Dmt't mllke. "oise ~

r':,.a... ~_:~~!:;::~~Ia"iAil!l'lI!UI {oo ~ch

W~~~~

~~~~~

~ar-tiv\ - V(.H'\ess~ phOl1etA.

.. ......................................... (you/go)

to KkaA~'~ pa(~?

1 toi~ he. Correct the mistakes. Lonight.

I'll

+have an

1 can't come now. I'll leave for Brussels in an hour's time.

o I'd .................... not, if you .................... mind.

l'm fed .................... with dubbing.

1..---"7j/

oran ge juice, please.

2 Are you intereste on old cars? 3 'Do you fancy going clubbing?'

o So do 1, actually. Do you .................... getting

video and a takeaway?

L---'j/

'Great! I love to!' 4

It's a really exiting fi lm.

S I wont be there until eleven.

23

il s developm nt

Reading

Voyage to St Kilda

Some environmentalist groups believe that drilling for oil off the coast of Scotland is going to endanger wildlife. The actress Julia Sawalha recen1Jy went to the region by boat wtth one of these groups to monitor the wildlife. She kept a diary of her week. FRIDAY

THE CREW

['m n Ihe Island of Islay ill Ihe Inner Hebrides. We're , uing ~ail tomorrow, ~o I'm going to spend today getting to know the other crew members . SATURDAY

MEETING THE SEALS

1 slept . urprisingly well on the boat. This morning J isited II eal anctuary . After I'd held Ihe eals in my u.rms, my cloth~~ smelt very fibhy. Worse sull, I've ot a whole week on the ship and not mnny clothe to change into, We're setting sail for the ibland of St J{jld.-l at 10 p.m. SUNDAY

FEELING SEASICK

I didn't want lunch because I felt so eastelpotled a minke whale. The wildlife in tru-: region ili so rich. Drilling for oi l will destroy It and will affect the climate. MONDAY

FEELING GUILlY I woke at nine, later than

Find the words in the text which mean: making a hole 1 LO check

2

..t!.r!!!!~9.....................

Frequently

people who work on a ship

................................ ..

) a place of saFety

..................................

4 feeling ill on a boat

........ ..........................

5 noticed

................................ ..

6 to blow up like a bomb

................................ ..

7 unbelievably B waste material

2 ) Put the events in order.

aID One of the crew saw a whale. b)

0

Writing (1): Planning It's usually a good idea to plan what you arc going to wrile and to make notes lor each paragraph. Look at the notes below about a boat trip. Put the events in each paragraph in thl: correct ord r.

She went for a swim.

I D The boat left lslay.

d) D She got back to mainland Scotland. e) [!] Julia met the other members of the crew. n D She helped with the cleaning. g) D Julia stayed on St Kilda. hJ 0 Julia began to feel unwell.

o for it

3> Answer the questions. What might endanger wildlif in the area around 5l Kilda?

Paragraph I:

o stayed in a small town on Vancouver lsland [I] went to Canada with a group of friends last year

o sun was shining; sea was calm o took a boat trip to see whales Paragraph 2: . o coming back, the wind became very strong [IJ set sail and 30 mi nutes later saw the whales

o one wave li fted the boa t out of the water

..P.r.~~~~f)9.f~!'. .f!.~~"'" .......................................................

o children were cryi ng o weather changed - had to leave quite quickly

Why did Julia Sawalha and the other crew members go to 5t l Use the adjectives from Exercise 2 to describe the people.

mechanic c=J optician c=J sound engineer c=J [=:J producer driving instructor [=:J [=:J dentist

sales manager [TI doctor DO IRlTVI presenter physiolherapisl [=:J [=:J script editor garage owner CJ

2'/ Complete the adjectives describing personality. Then write the opposites. Opposite .. .'!.1JP.~t:~~~lJ.t .....................

pl~gsanl

Ion e t

2 ef _ ecti e

30_g _n ised

'My papers are in such a mess. I can never lind anything: .. !!.i~?~fI~~.i~~!!... 'I'm in love and it feels great !: ....................... ..

eI bIe

5_ardwo_king

6so bl e

7d ci iv e

Bh_pp y

9 r l a ed

lOcom i t ed II um Ie 12 s abe

2 'I know l'm right and tha t's that: ..................... ..

3 'I have to tell the truth. 1 can't lie: ...................... . 4 'rve got lots of friends. 1 j ust don't have

time to see them all: ........................ . 5 'Sony 1 fo rgot to post your let er. rve got a

terrible memory.' ......................... 6 'I like watchi ng sport on lV, but I hate doing

physical exercise myself.' ........................ . 7 'l'm always at the mon thly meetings of OUT

voluntary wo rk group. They're really Words with silent letters

Manv words in Engli h have silent letter, e.g.

II lei ter h in honest.

important.' ........................ . 8 '1 usual ly manage to stay calm, whatever

happens.' ........................ . 3) Underline the letters which are silent in

these words.

I cam paign

2 knee

5 climbing

6 hour

36

3 listen 7 lhumb

psychological 8 wrong

4

9 'I've spent ages tryi ng to choose a colour for my room . I just can't mak up my mind.' ........................ .

Stay cool First conditional: if/unless clause + '/I (will)/won't

First conditional: clause with

conjunction or

5> Rewrite the sentences in the first condjtional.

Stop fooling around or you'll hurt yourself.

6> Use the prompts to write the advice a father is giving his son. will/won't you /be/pleasant you /make friends easily

.!f!l.f!.'!.:~~R.~~.l!~f!.'.".~! .N.'!.I!:!!.!!!.l!.~.~fr..~~.'!.~.~~f!!.Y.: ...........

..If~~.!!.C!.'!:.t¥'9P..tl!.l!.~~rJ9..t;J.r9.1!.'!.t!,.y.f?':'.:~~ ...................

you /lose friends quickly you /be/ unreliable

..~~!1Y.f?':'.~t;!f:.............................................................

................................................................................ if

Give him time and he'll change his mind.

If .............................................................................. ..

~ You

must book in advance, otherwise you won't get a seat. Unless .......................................................................

2 you/be/ organised you/not do a good day's work Un less ...................................................................... .

might/migh t not 3 you /be/too sociabl

people/take advan tage of you 3 If you don't send in your application form today, they won't consider you for the job .

............................................................................... or

If ............................................................................... .

4 people/not take you seriously

you /be/committed to your work 4 We'd betler not disturb him. He'll get really

bad-tempered.

If ............................................................................... . I) You'd

better go now, otherwise you'll miss the last bus .

............... :........................................................ unless

• ....... . ............................ ... . ..... 1.................................... .

or 5 be vain

you/be/unpopular Don't ........................................................................ .

............................................................................... or 6 get behind with yo ur work 6 Call me if there's a problem, otherwise I'll see

you at eight.

you /get depressed Never ........................................................................ .

Unless .......................................................................

37

Time clauses in the future with when/as soon as 7 ./ Cross out the incorrect sentences. a) ),6Je'll fl8've a f3a~ wl-1el~ yo 1:1 'II get yom exam resul ts.

b) We'll have a party when you get your exa m results. c) We ha've a ~aft}· wi'lefl yeu !'Jet your exam results. a) I'll give you the keys as soon as I'll see you.

b) I give you the keys as soon as I see you. c) I'll give you the keys as 1see you.

SOOI1

as

2 a) I may go away for a few days

when I'll gel my results. b) I may go away for a few days

when I get my results. c) 1 may go away ror a few day

when 1 got my results. J

a) They'll pick the candidate ' hen all the application forms are in. b) They pick the cand idates when

all the application fonTIS will be in. c) TIley'lI pick the candidates

when all the application forms will be in. 4 a) Do you tak a packed lunch

when you'll go on the outing? b) Will you take a packed lunch when you go on the outing? c) Will you take a packed lunch when you'll go on the outing? 5 a) We make up our minds as oon as we know all the fact.

b) We'll make up our minds as Don as we know all the facts. c) We'll make up our minds as

soon as we'll know all the racts. 38

Go for it Time clauses in the future with when/as soon as First conditional: if/unless clause + will/won't First conditional: clause with conjunction or 8> Complete the letter with suitable words and phrases.

Communi cation

~, Go for it

Stay cool

9/ Complete the responses to these statements.

A: Drivers should retake their driving test every two years.

•

) Parents of young children shouldn't both

B: 1 take your .... R.~!~~.....' but 1 don't think it would reduce the number of accidents.

A: You have to be twenty-five to drive a car. B: I don't ................................ thaI's true. 2 A: We have more freedom lhan our parent had.

Teachers' pay should be the same as doctors' an d lawyers'.

B: I agree ................................ you . 1 A: Life's easier now than it was fifty years ago .

B: Oh , I don't ................................ about that. 4 A: Painting is more creative than photography.

B: I'm no t ................................ 1 agree. S A: To be a successful politician. you have to be

dishonest.

e secretaries than men.

B: I'm sorry but 1 think you 're ................ ........... . 6 A: 1 don't Lhink it's right La spend all that

money on going to the moon. B: You ................................ be right, hut don 't

you think it's exciting to find out more abou t outer space?

What's wrong?

>

11 Agree or disagree with the students above, giving your reasons.

10/ Correct the mistakes.

Agree: .T~~!.'~.~~~~:.~~:~.!?f!~JC!!r..~~.~~~.~~!~~~~~.if........

a.mLv1cl

.~~~ P..~.~~'!.f:s.. ~~~. ~~~~. ~!. ~~p.~: ................................... . Disagree: '!.t?~.~~r.~.!.!!9r.~~...1f.!~~~~.'~.~~~~'?~.~.~ .. .~~t?~ .tff.t.~.~ .!~~.~~!{~~~~~.!!:~fl.~~'..~~~.~~p..~f~!!!!!!~ ...... .~~.~~.!~~.~~~~: ..........................................................

Stop fooling rouAd!

.r'!!..

I You have to be comitted to succeed in this job. "2 I call you as soon as 1 know he result.

J I'll be really happy if I'll get an interview. 4

He's sociable reliable and efficient.

2

5 Don'L stay too late or you miss the la t bus. G My brother works in compu ler. 3

39

ta

uality

Vocabular

Stay cool 1 / Replace the words in italics with the correct form of a phrasal verb with take. • after • back @ • on • over • up

3> First, fill in the blank spaces in 1 to 12 with the endings of the adjectives. Then match the clues to the numbers.

• off

r

5 Would you mind removing your shoes? ........................................ .

6 Who do you resemble?

2>

Complete the words with the endings in the box. -ant -rul

-ic -y

-ent

-ive

-OliS

beautifoL....

A M B 1 T I R E L E V 1 N T E L L

1 G

1 M P 0 R T

7

F U

8

U

9

R 0 M A N T

I I I

1J

S S

S E

10

A T T R A C T

II

13

E A L E X C E L L C A R T 0 0 N

14

H 0

J

J

12

R R 0 R

15 M U S

a) ~ b) 0 c) D d) 0

0 f1 0

e)

g} h)

0 0

i)

0

6 wonder.......... ..

2 fam............

7 dirt........... .

j)

3 creat............

8 expen ........... .

k)

0

4 pleas............

9 eleg ........... .

I)

D

m) nl 0)

D 0 0

10 dramat............

T

6

I differ............

5 impress............

40

2

5 W 1 T

2 Have you returned the books to the library? ................................. .

you have to accept more onsibility in your new job?

C R A T

4

Can you start learning the piano at any age? ................................. .

4 Will

A R 1 S T 0

3

There was too much information to absorb all at once. ............................. take in

3 Will his job be safe when the new company takes control?

1

1 C A L

.

A film or play with songs. Beautiful.

Belonging to the upper classes.

It doesn't matter if your T-shirt's a bit dirty. Stop

being so ..................... . Listen carefully. This is ......................... . A type of film which can be frightening. My new dictionary helps me a lot. It's really ..................... .. So you saw him with ano ther gi rl. There's no need to get .................... . This sort of person is good at making jokes. Very, very good. You're always writing love letters, you ......................... fool ! You try to do too much. You're too ......................... . Clever. A film which relies on graphics and animation. Take out this paragraph. It isn't ......................... to your argument.

Grammar tay cool Defining and non-defining relative clauses 4; Complete the sentences with who{mj, which, where or whose.

Is this the jumper ..... }!~~!~~...... shrank in lhe wash?

5 Would you recognise the man .....................

Glasgow, ..................... 1 pent last summer, is a

great place to go clubbing.

6 Our accommodation, ..................... the tourist

2 H 3

4

took on a job ..................... was too difficull.

Kale, ..................... you've already met, is coming with us. Would the person ..................... ar is blocking the exit please move it?

sold you the tickets? office reco mmended, was absolutely terrible. 7 We went to Scotland with my mother, ................. .

family originally came from Edinburgh. 8 My grandmother often goes back to the

village ..................... she was born.

Present perfect simple and continuous 5> Circle the correct forms.

Una: Hi, Sean.Q haven't seeii)! I haven't been seeing you for ages. Sean: 1 know. ina: You look tired. Are you OK. ~ean: I'm fine. 1 I've been working! I've worked quite hard, that's all. Una: Oh? 2 What have you done?! What have you been doing? Sean: J I've got together ! I've been getting together some photos for my portfolio. 4 I've taken up ! I've been taking up photography, you see. Una: Really? Sean: Yes. l'm quite serious about it. r, I've joined / I've been joining a photography dub. Una: 6 How long have you gone? ! How long have you been going? Sean: Oh, only a few weeks. Una: And how many photos 7 have you taken / have you been taking so far? Sean: Quite a lot. Una: Have you got a good camera? Sean: Yes. It 's not bad. 8 I've just bought / I've just been buying a new one for £200.

You haven't spent ! You haven't been spending £200 on a camera, have you? With a camera like that you can take my photo if yo u like! Sean: Sorry! 10 I haven't taken on / Ihaven't been taking on any professional work yet! Una:

9

41

for it Relative clauses

1

6/ Write a letter to Penny in your notebook by joining the sentences together with who(ml. which, where or whose.

This summer we're going to Spain. It's my favourite place to spend a holiday. My American cousins are going I've never met them.

10

be there.

Dear Penny. This summer we're 90;n9 to Spain , which ;s my favourite place to spend a holiday. My Amer;ca~ cousins. whom I've never met, are 90in9 to be there.

We're going to a vill age n ar "Pamplona. My gra ndm ther was born there.

2 We're staying in a farm house.

It belongs to my uncle. 3 My grandmo ther is arriving tomorrow afternoon.

She now lives in Barcelona. 4 We're having a big birthday party for my

grandmother. She's seventy on Saturday. 5 On Sunday we all plan to go to a restaurant

in Pamplona . My grandmother used to work there. 6 The owner is related to our family.

His name is Felipe. 7 Felipe is a fanta stic chef.

He's just taken over the res taurant.

Present perfect simple and continuous 7 > Write the questions and answers, using the present perfect simple or continuous as appropriate.

what / he / eat / ? (ice cream)

..w.h!!t·~ .~~..~.t;~~.~~.~!l..!l? ............................................ .

..~~~.~~!!.~~!f!!9.!!!L~li~.lir.t;!!m:...................................

2

e / she / swim / ? (Jake)

3 what / they / play / ? (volleyball)

4 what / he / do / all morning / ? (ride/horse)

5 why / he / fall over backwards / ? Uump over/ fence)

6 what / he / do / '! (twist/knee)

Commu nication

S ay cool

9 > Complete the questions and responses.

8'; Put the conversation in the correct order.

What do yo u .................... of Gwyneth PaJtTow? 1 think she's .................... .

I'm not that .................... on her.

J like her a .................... .

I can't .................... her.

Have you seen her .................... film?

No, I haven't.

I've seen it twice.

I

Did you .................... it?

1 .................... it was wonderful.

I wasn't v ry .................... .

1 though t it was a bit .................... .

PJ 60 for it

)

10> In your notebook, write a conversation between you and a friend discussing a film star about whom you have different opinions.

o A

11

D l'm not that keen 011 him.

b) D Did you? I thought it was a waste of time.

c) ill Have you seen Ewan McGregor's latest film?

d) D You wish!

eJ 0 Do you? WeI!, I suppose he' quite attractive

a)

in a funny sort of way.

g)

Y u can'l say that! It was really exciting and Ewan McGregor wa brilliant in it.

D Yes. I thought it was

fantasti .

h) DOh, 1 am. 1 think he's really good-looking. i)

D Maybe he'll walk in

:>

Correct the mistakes.

'Where have you been all afternoon?' been

.s wjfT)fT)jn~

'I've SWl:H'R- in tne river: Is this the book what you told me about? 2 I've seen already the film. 3 It's an exceJentfilrn . 4

S

n0

What's wrong?)

1 though t the film was a loss of time.

5 That's the boy who's moth er teaches at our school. 6 Her mother who wa a fa mous actTeSS, wanted her to go to university.

here right now.

43

1 13 UCYCIUtJ I crl

-

Reading

The hot ticket

The future of fo tbaU is feminine, according to Sepp Blatter Pre ident of FIFA. the game's governing body. Tbi afternoon, 90,000 people will watch the Women' World Cup final in Los AngeJe between the United State and China, whose team has been playing so we]] in the tournament. Thre

weeks ago, when [he women'· roumamenr began, DO one paid much arreDtlOO ro it. This week, chc: Presidem 0 the United tutes changed his schedule [0 make sure that he could attend. Even he was lucky to get in; the gam IS a seU­ . When the organisers covered they had 3,000 extra tickets on Tuesday. mey w e sold within hours. Women's fo mbal I is suddenly the ho ridet. When the United tares ream beat Brazil in the emi6nals, their success

[Ook them to the front pages throughout the country and even onto prime-time television. Everyone loves a winner. Americ:ms more than most, but the way in which this team has taken over the public imagination has been remarkable. The whole country has been following the tournament. If che US team wins this afternoon. the country will go wild. 'I thought this rournament ould be big, bUl

it' been bigger than I

imagined.

footuall Scelle By Dave Allsop

Victory for the USA It has been a thrilling week in women's football . [he American dream bas finally come nue. The ho I nation beat China 5-4 on penalti to claim the third Women's World Cup in fronl of 90,000

44

We

have

esrablished it as a world­ class women's event in

sportS,' said Marla Messing, the President and Chief Executive Officer of th Women's World Cup.

The Chinese, who have league of ten teams, will start as favourites this afternoon. When they took on Norway, the cup holders, in the semifinals, they gave a

fu!l~dme

pa sionate fans, including President Clinton and his daughter, Ch_e lsea. The three-week tournament attracted more than 650,000 fans in total. 'It's the biggest sp0l1ing even t for us in the last ten years,' said President Clinton. 'It's not just soccer. We are lalking about women's soccer. I think it will have a far-reaching impact across the world.'

probably th greatest display of football in the history of the competition; and in Sun Wen, their captain, lhey have the star of the murnamenc. There is even a Barbie-do li ve ion of her availa Ie in toy shops.

5 the game has international status 6 the

Chinese team i the preferred team to win

he till . headings and any pictures

o h Ip YOLI guess what a te t is going to be boul. can til t t to und rstand the principal poiT1ts. Fo u on number, nam and fact. ( e Exerci > 11 ) III lltify th phra \:: which are difficult and work oul what they mean or look them up m a dictIOnary. (_ ee ExeTcise 2) 4 fiillally read th xl again t make SUTe you understand he d tails and opinions ill the

Go for it 3

)

>Answer the questions.

Article A How long has this year's tournament been going on? 2 How do we know that th Americans were very

l. (See E 'erei e 3)

interested in the World Cup?

Comprehension 3 Why has the Women's World Cup surprised

Stay cool

Marla Messing?

1; Read the text and answer the questions. In which country is the cup final? .. !~~.Y.~~: ....... 1 Which article was written before the match?

4 How do we know that the Chinese aptain has

2 Which four countries are mentioned?

Article B

become famous?

5 Why has the American dream 'finally come true'?

Who won lhe game betwe n China and Norway? 6

4 Which teams played in the Anal?

How ma ny Women's World Cup tournaments have there been?

5 How many people were at the Anal?

Writing 6 How many attended the whole tournament?

2> Write the expressions which show that:

there are no tickets left

rOT

the final

4> In your notebook. write a letter to an English friend to confirm arrangements for the following situation. You're going to see a football match with your friend, who is coming to visit you next week. These are the details:

2 women's football is now very popular

3 the US leam is now headline news

4 everybody in the US will celebrate

Coach leaves 3.30. Arrives at ground 5.30.

Buy tickets. Go for a pizza.

Malch starts 7.30.

Coach leaves 9.45. Arrives home 11.45.

Weather - may rain - bring an umbrella.

45

WI~fl

•••

Vocabular Stay cool £

/

Com plete the labels.

5 rad io .......................... .

sound ....Sll~~~..............

6 video ...........................

I ....................... ....

computer

7 video .......................... .

2> Match the phrasal verbs in Column A to the items in Column B. (Some of the items in Column B can be used more than once.) A 2 ........................... phone

B turn up

2 tum down J tum on 4 tum off

5 tum in 6 turn away

3 personal .......................... .

7 turn over

~

D D D D D D

a) a wanted man b) a problem in your mind

c) th e volume d) in time ror lunch

e) an offer of help

f1 people from the door g) the computer

h) the ligh t

~ . Go for it

)

3>In your notebook, write four sentences, each 4 CO .......................... .

46

containing a phrasal verb with turn and an item of electrical equipment.

Stay cool Causative have (have something done) 4; What are they having done? Write sentences with have.

Second conditional: if/unless clause + 'd (would)/wouldn't

5> Complete the second conditional sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets .

... .r.~.'!.J4.~~.~~ ... (Yo u/ have) more money jf .. Y.9.'!. ... .!!f!!!!.'!..w.!!,r:';t!. (you/not spend) so much on CDs. What sort of computer .......................................... .

(y u/buy) jf ........................................... (you /have) [2,000 to spend?

..~~~} .~f!.,!j.~!1..~f!!..~.'!!..~.~~~!!~~: ....................................

2 I'm sure .................................................................... .

(the camera /work) if .............................................. .. (y u/p ul) new batteries in il. 3 .......................................................... (l /not change) my Id sou nd system for a new one unless

.......................................................... (it/be broken). 4 ................................................................ (l /not buy)

o

a sound system unless ............................. (it/have) a record deck. S ..... .......................................... (I /not have) a mobile

ph one if ........................................... (you /pay) me!

Verb need + gerund/passive infinitive 6> Complete the sentences with (not) need and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Gerund

The car's dirty. It ...~~.~!!:SA~~~!~.!l: ... (clean)

Yo ur hair's long. It ........................................... .

3 .......•...................•........................................................

(cut)

2 The fax is fine. It .................................................. .

(repair) 3 The volume is low. ................................................ ..

......................... ? (b tteries/replace) Infinitive

4 ................................................................................... .

These plates are clean. They .. A~~:t!"!~~c!. .........

.JC!..~!..~!!~I:r.~.t!:.. (wash) 4

The video recorder is sh owing the wrong time. It ................................................................... (r set)

5 Your aT is making a terrible noise...................... .. 5 ....................................................................................

.............................................................. ? (it/service) 47

I wish/If only + past tense 7 / Write what they are saying using If only and I wish.

1 1 wish ... !"~~~'~.~~~P.'!.fr.!?~ ..~.~r.t;; ............................. .

2 1f only .. !..~.~~ .!':.r.,?p..t;: .................................................

3 I wish .........................................................................

4 If only ........................................................................

5 I wish .........................................................................

6 If only ...................................................................... ..

7 I wish ....................................................................... ..

Go for it Causative have (have something done) 8/ C mplete the conversations with have and the correct form of the verbs in the box.

• develop (. colour) • look at • lest • clean

Second conditional: if/unless clause + 'd (would)/wouldn't

9> Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

I don't have any money so 1 don't go out. (it)

..If.!.h.~.~.~~~~/..~~~.2~.~~r: ........................................

They're leaving the party early. Something must

be wrong. (unless)

.. !.~!!Y. .~!?!!!.t!.~:.~ J'!!!~~ .~~~ p.~r:!Y. .t;~r.1JI. .~~!~...............

..~~~~!!!!!g..~~~!.~~r~.~~!?!!g: .................................... .

I haven't got a mobile phone, ~o you can't ring

me. (if)

• not mark

A: Your hair looks different. B: I've had it coloured, tha t's why. ....................................

2 We can't play a computer game before dinner

because we don't have ti me. (if)

A: You need glasses.

B: No, I don't. I ..................................................... . last week, and the optician said they were OK.

J I tell you I love you be ause 1 mean it. (unless)

2 A: Is your laptop computer working? B: No, but I ......................................... tomorrow.

3 A: That jacket's a bit dirty, isn 't it?

B: You're right. I .................................................. .. when 1 next go into town. 4 A: .................. you .................. your holiday photos ..................................... yet? B: No. I haven't finished the film yet. 5 A: Have you handed in your project?

B: Yes, but I ...........................................................

yet. 48



4 1 swim out a long way, but l'm a good swimmer.

(unless)

5 This personal stereo isn't under guarantee, so I

can't take it back to the shop. (if)

• ~

Stay cool 10) Put the conversation in order.

0

Batteries?

bl

mCan I help you?

c)

0

Certainly. Have you checked the batteries?

a)

dJ DOh, 1 didn't know that. Do you sell them?

e)

g]

0

0

J) 0

>

11 In your notebook, write conversations for

the following situations.

1 Your

parents have bought you a video camera. There's a problem: it doesn' t record sound. You take it back to the shop.

Yes. I bought this cassette recorder here last week and it doesn' t work.

Yes. It needs batteries.

You:

The microphone. Could you have a look at

it, please? What doesn't work exactly?

h) 0 Yes, we do. You need a couple. Here you are. i)

)

Explain th at the video camera doesn't work. Show the receipt. Assistant: Ask what the problem is. Explain the problem. Ask the assistant You: to test it. Assistant: Agree that there is a problem, Ask wha t they will do. You: Assistant: Offer to rep lace it or to give a refund. Say what you want. You:

o Thanks.

n0

60 f or it

You:

My parents bought me this video

camera, but ...

Using a dictionary (1): Selecting what look up

!o

Wh '11 you reLJd (J text. try to [ucs' th meaning of new words and phras . Use a dictionary only wh n you annot guess tile meaning. R d the extra L below, underlining the words r phra e5 which are new. How many words do you need to 10 up?

The new rich Over the last five years, the income of Briti h sixteen- to nineteen-year-old . has shot up by iXly per enl. And it seems that they will not be squandering their new-found wealth becau c the rna t popular New Year' resolution among British teenage is to look after their money.

2 You bough t a sweatshirt yesterday. When y u got it ho me, you found a hole in the leeve. Although you've lost the receipt, you go to the customer services desk in the shop. There's a sign which says 'No rerllnds or exchanges withou t a receipt'.

You:

Explain wha t the problem is. Say you wan t a refund. Assistant: Ask for the receipt. You: Explain. Assistant: Apologise, and explain why you cannot do anything. You: Expl ain that the label shows that you bou ght th e sweatshirt from that shop. Assistant: Offer to replace it but not to refund the money. You: Ace pt the offer.

j?) What's wrong? 12> Correct the mistakes. h~ I fliwe my computer repaired yesterday.

0

"

~rrff

'\

1 I wish 1 have a car,

2 3 4 5 6

The tape needs to be rewind. If 1 were seventeen, 1 learn to drive. 1 wouldn t go out in this weather unless I had to. We've had repaired the car. You haven't turn ed in their job offer, have you? 49

9 ts Vocabular Stay cool

>

• make a fuss • make a mistake (. make an effort) • make do • make iL • make money • make up your mind

1 Replace the words in italics with the expressions in the box.

3 For goodness' sake, decide!

You could at least try! ...P.i!.~f!..'!.fJ..~rJ.'1..........................................................

4 Most people only get rich if they work hard .

1 don't want to complain. The food isn 't so bad. 5 This isn't a prop r paella pan but we can manage.

2 1 ran for the bus but 1 didn't get there in time.

6 Did you get something wrong in that question?

Go for it

2>

Write what the people are saying using an expression or a phrasal verb with make.

That's the third time you've been late this week! r-----'-----------.

4 Oh , no ! 1 ........................................................... .

50

Stay cool Verbs should have/ought to have 3/ Comment on each of these situations using the verbs in the box. • leave ~ go • bring • swim ~ • eat • slap should have/shouldn't have

4 .................................................................................. .

at the crossroads.

He should have worn warm clothes.

5 ....................................................................................

some water with hem .

............................................................. a larger size.

6 .....................................................................................

where the urren t was strong. 2 ................................................................... so Inuch.

3 ........................................................... into the field.

7 ... ............................................................................... .. the dog in th e car. 51

Verbs make, let and be allowed to 4/ Complete the sentences with make, let or be allowed to.

Please don 't ......'!!.l!.~...... me go to the dentist! Jake always manages to .................................... . me laugh when rve got a moulh full of food.

Go for it Verbs should have/ought to have 6> Advise and criticise these people. ~

c- /

' . "~~~ ~": // /0 '..

"Ad~

/j'I,f¥P./VH'

~ ,~ 'IItIl'

,.".,

i~

'

_;

-~

2 Did they ..................................... you use a

calculator in the maths exam? 3 We ..................................... bring drinks to school.

but we ............................................. drink them in the classrooms. 4 When my grandmother was a teenager. her

mother wouldn't ..................................... her go out with boys until she was eighteen. S You won't ..................................... buy a ticket for

that film because you're too young. 6 Do they ..................................... you wear a

uniform at all schools in Britain? 7 .................................. me see what you've bought!

5) Express the sentences differently using the correct form of be allowed to.

My parents didn't let me go to the concert .

should have/shouldn't have

A: 1wanted to see him again, but 1 felt a bit shy. B: ..r~M.!.~~~~~.h~~~.~~~f:l.f~~..~.~~.p.h~!!~.!!M~.~.~r.... B: ..r~M.!.~~~~~!!:r..~.~x~.~~.~!!.~'?..~hy: ........................



A: My brother asked me to help him with his homework. 1 told him to do it himself. l-le couldn't. 1 feel bad about it. B: ............................................................................

B: ............................................................................

.. ,1 .~~~~:!.~!!~~~!!..~l!.,g~.~!l.rh~.fl!.r:r.t;!!:!1.·.......................

TIl

lospita l lets you visit patients between two and five in the afternoon.

You ........................................................................... . 2 They

don't let you smoke in their house.

2 A: I was out late last night. My parents didn't

know where 1 was. They were worried. B: ...... ......................................................................

s: ............................................................................

You ........................................................................... .

ought to have/oughtn 't to have 3 They don't let children over the age of eleven

play in the minipark. Children over the age of eleven ............................ . 4 Old your teacher let you go home early?

3 A: I took my broth er's jacket without asking

him. He made a big fuss about it.

s: ............................................................................

B: .......................................................................... ..

.................... you ...................................................... . ................................................................................ ?

5 Why didn't her mum let her stay at Sarah's house? Why .................... she ............................................. ..

4 A: 1 was thirsty and 1 drank all the milk last

night. There was none left for breakfast. B: ............................................................................

................................................................................. ?

s: ............................................................................

52

--

Communic ation tay cool

.

9> Write a conversation for the following situation.

7) Write in the missing words. Then put the

conversations in order.

o

Conversation 1: I couldn't r........................ your phone number.

o Why ........................ you phone me? I had my

mobile with me, and it was sw...................... on.

D I'm T.......... .. ............ sorry.

o Never mind. It doesn't m........................ . mYou're late. You sh .f!.'!.~t!. ... have been here at six.

o

Conversation 2: I've s........................ I'm sorry!

o It's OK Don't w........................ about it. [] You sh.~'!.~~~~L .. have been so rude to me.

01 know it isn't. Look, I've been

feeling a bit stressed recently. I'll m........................ up for it.

o Sometimes it isn't en ........................ just to

say sony.

You borrow your friend's white jacket to go to a party. When you get back home, you realise that someone has spil t a drink down the back. The stain has dried and won't come out. You go round to your friend's house to return the jacket. Friend: ..w..~.~:~.h~p.p.~IJ~cJ.J~.!?l..Yj~~~~l ...................... You:

Go for it ) Write the conversation.

.............................................................................

I

Friend: ......................................................................... ..

You: Friend: .......................................................................... .

A: Here you are at last! We were supposed to catch the eight thirty train and it's now nine thirty. Why are you so late? B: [ap%gises) ........................................................... ..

o What's wrong?) 10> Correct the mistakes.

A: What happened? B: (gives an excuse and ap%gises again) ..................

st~ect

1 know 1 shoul d have-5t-ay;­

You made me to drop the glass. 2 You shouldve Ii ened to him.

3 You really must make effort.

A: (accepts the apology) .............................................

4 ls it allowed to drive when you're seventeen?

5 I'm sony. 1 been really busy.

B: There's another train at nine forty-five.

6 Will he make a lot of many?

53

s

s dey o ment extra

Reading

A If you asked Simon Taylor what had made him a 'bad boy'. he would probably tell you that ir all started when his father was unemployed. His father was at home all the time, Simon got on his nerves and they argued. Simon didn't feel loved.

Teenage criminal Schoo ls cou ldn't cope with 'imon, He stole (rom car and from hop . And then he tole from hi!'> part"nt . When be wa twelve, a £.. \\fCcks after his mother had gIven birth to his , i~ter, he set fire co hi bed and LliTtc1Uu. and to two cars in the treer. At that poinr, he parents louldo 't cope with h1m anymore and he wa Read the description of Barry. Then. in your notebook. write descriptions of Justine and Louise.

C· aggressive) C· amusing) • boring

• enthusiastic • upset • warm • distant • interesting • happy • easy-going • dull • good fun • bad-tempered • moody • relaxed • good-tempered • tense • cold

Negative qualities

Positive qualities ..................CJ.IJJH~j!!9................. .

)

.................C!gg.r:~J.'!~ ............... .

Communication ~,--_Go____~ _ ~or it )

Stay cool

6> Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

/ Match the questions to the responses. Questions 1 How do you get on with Bruno? 2 What do you think of Peter? 3 What's Emma like? 4 What's the matter with Jo and Andy? 5 What sort of mood is Nick in today?

W D D D D

• up • go • 1 ud • quite • get • easy-goin g

A: What .. ~.?'! .. of person is Justin? B: He's a bit serio us at times, but he's basicany an 1...............................

Responses a} He seems quite outspoken but actually he's really shy. b) Worse than yesterday - bad-tempered and aggressive. I(c) Really well. He's outgoing, amusing and good fun to be with. d) She's a bit moody sometimes, but she's never dull. e) They're a bit quiet today. 1 don't know Why.

I"

C· sort)

A: So what's

sort of guy.

2...............................

moment? He had a

with him at the

J...............................

at

Harry and Paul last night. B: I don' t know. 1 think they

4...............................

on his nerves because they're and sometimes

5............................ .

6...............................

aggressive.

57

Grammar tay cool Verbs must/can't for drawing conclusions 7) Charlotte and Jamie are playing a quiz game. Complete the conversation.

@!ucstion ~(

In the 1950s1

he hod hits on bolb sides

of the Atlantic.

His glosses were one of his

trademarks.

~uestion She's a film slar. She's gal dark hoir, beautiful big eyes and awide mouth. She played the masl fomous film slar in the world in a film with Hugh Granl.

~uestion l~

He's 0 young

British pop star.

He's gol cropped dark hoir.

He's well-built ond he used

to be overweight.

~uestion +~

In 1999, Ihis bond of five hod ohuge hit wilh Ihe Bee Gees song, Tragedy.

Charlotte: ..~~.~~~.~~ ... Elvis Pre ley. He was really popular in the 1950s. Jamie: No, it can't be him . He didn't wear glas~~~"it"';;;~;t be B~d·d·y"i·:ioiiY."""" ...............

2 Jamie:

...................................................... Liam Gallagher. Charlotte: No, ............................................... him. He ............................................... short hair....................................................... . Robbie Williams. The description fits him perfeclly.

Adjective word order 8) Choose three suitable adjectives from the box to complete each of the descriptions. • • • • • • • •

beautiful • blond • Briti h • cotton curly • dark • duvet (. Fanta tic) fashion • French • interesting • Italian large • leather (e leisure) • long modem (. n ew) • nice • old patterned • red • riding • short • silk straight • Swiss • tall • wavy • white wooden • writing • young

3 Charlotte : ........................................... Elizabe th

Jamie:

4 Jamie:

Hurley. She's Hugh Grant's partner. No, ................................................. her. ................................................... a wide mouth. It ............................................. . Julia Roberts.

............................................. All Saint .

Charlotte: No, ............................................. them .

.............................................. only four

of them . It ...........................................

Steps.

58

A ...t~'!.~~~~....

.......'!.~.'!.............~~!~'!.~~...... centre

1 ............................................................... hair

2 A ............................................................... sofa

3 A .......................................... .............. _..... jacket

4 ...........................................................

architecture

5 A ............................................................ designer

6 A ............................................................... desk

7 A ............................................................... cover

Verbs seem, look, sound + adjective or like/as if

5 You ...................................... worried. Is anything wrong?

9 / Complete the sentences with the correct form of seem, look or sound and like/as if where necessary.

6 Although I've only just met him, he

...................................... a really nice guy.

I heard you rehearsing your new sony earlier.

1t ... ~~~!'!~~~ .. . great!

7 They've both got short blond hair and bl ue

The sky's very dark. It ..................................... .

it's going to rain.

eyes. They ...................................... sisters. 8 Did you hear a car oUlside? It ............................ .

2 Listen! 1t ...................................... th und er.

...................... Sarah and Phil ha ve arrived.

3 Hay y u been on holiday? You

9 When 1 think about that time in my life, it just

...................................... tanned.

...................................... a bad dream.

It ...................................... we haven't seen each other for ages.

4

Go for it Adjective word order Verbs seem, look, sound + adjective or like/as if 10/ Complete the article. putting the adjectives in brackets into the correct order, and the verbs in brackets into the correct form with like or as if where necessary.

Last summer, I

W nI

on a walking holiday in the

mountain, with a grollp )f friends. Walking through

,... fq~~!!'!~~!.'!g..f!.~~ ...... ( Ih

ttl/fas inating) viUagc:.

'Ir I ..............................................

hUlIses under a

l .............................

1m

,Iill filf

hundreds 'If

He had

(clear/blue)

a

~'allctl

time had stood

'ear~.

One Ja.y, ",1":0 we Luke

(~cem)

W!re OU[

walking in tbe hills,

me ovcr to look:u omething. He 'eemed

I...................................

(meral/small) 0 jecl.

(10k) part of a tarue.

It iliUM he really old' ~d Luke::. II \va" it

8.................................. .

9....... . ...........................

(curly/. hort) hair.

(strong! quare) face and

broatJ shoulder~ .

'I think it', a statue of an Olympic runner,' said lukt:.

'The Olympic G-.une: [Ook

place in Greece.' We phonetJ the Local JUlI, eum,

l)n the ~round in tr(ml of him was a

'j.............................

(look) an athlete.

'No, it can'l be,' I Said.

rc.-alh ·xciled.

l!

7.............................

(slone!beautiflll)

ky was absolutely wonderful. In some places, il

....................................

He

6.............................................................. ..

(bron7 '/b .. ullfully Ilude.

~taLUe

of a man.

The woman we spoke to 10...................................

(sound)

very intere ted, so we look Ihe larue:: ro the

mll~eum . Luke

was

right. It was an Olympic r unner. And it was nearly 2,000 years old.

59

I

r

CI

to the USA.

Communication Stay cool

>

1 Complete the conversations below and match them to the pictures. (There are six pictures but only four conversations.)

,1

o

A: ..w..~~!~............. you mind ........................ . your bike?

B: Of ......................... not.

Picture

4 A: l'm feeli ng a bit tired. Could ......................... take over?

D

drM ng strange cars.

2 A: ......................... you help me?

B: l'm afra id .......................... There' a queue of people here. Picture

D

3 A: ......................... you think you could

........................ the phone? l'm in the shower.

B: Sure.

60

B: ......................... , but I'm nervous about

Picture

D

Picture

D

~'----_G_o_fo_r_i_t~) 2> In your notebook, write conversations for the remaining two pictures in Exercise 1.

-

-

­

Grammar Stay cool

Clauses of purpose with to, in order

(not) to, so that

3> Complete the sentences with to, in order (not) to or so that. Where two options are possible. write both.

3 He took his camera ......................................... get it repaired. 4 I went round to Fay's house ............................... ..

we could work on

OUT

project together.

5 We wen t back .........................................................

find Jo 's watch. 6 Put sun cream on every hour .............................. .

you don't get burnt. 7 She hid th e photo of her ex-boyfriend

.................................... cause any embarrassment. 8 He saved £5 e ery week ........................................

He had to climb a tree .......~~(~~.~~!!!:!:.~~ ...... get away from the bull. 1 used a knife ............................................... . open

the parcel. 2 She came in quietly .............................................. .

disturb her parents.

he could afford to go to the USA. 9 They left early ........................................ they

would be home in time for their fa vourite

soap opera.

10 He decided not to talk about his own problems

........................................ upset her any more.

Verbs used to/be used to/get used to

4> Rewrite these sentences using used to, be used to or get used to. At one time, we Itved on a farm in Scotland. W .. M~~!!. y? .~~~~.~!!. ~J'!.~'1!. f!!..~.~~!!~!!!!: .................... When we were young, we alway went to Spain for the summer.

4 l've been in Brazil for ten years, so I've become

accustomed to the Brazilia n way of life.

1 ................................................................................ .

W ............................................................................ .

5 My grandparents sti ll have their farm. They've 2 When you were a child, were you often fussy

about your food?

always worked hard. My grandparents ..................................................... .

................... you ....................................................... . ................................................................................. ? J Wearing a uniform in England is really strange

for me. In Spain, we don't wear one to school.

6 Did you become accustomed to t'h traffic noise

when you lived in London? ................... you ....................................................... .

I .................................................................................

. ................................................................................ ?

61

Verbs used to/be used to 5/ Read the text. Then answer the questions using used to or be used to.

The early cinema One of tbe most Important clJa7lges to people's lives at the beginning of the twentieth Ce7ltury was tbe bltroducti01l of the clttema. The early cinema w a place for ordinary people.

They went lO watdl films of many kinds: ~omedia;.

fumasi .~, informati n films and dr'.uruts. In 1927 AI Jolson

surpri ed the audience by peaking in his film

The Jazz Sitlger. Before that. all th films had been silent.

Although tb films w re silent, the LinetIL'l wasn't. Wh '0 Doe of Lhe actors did somedling particularly good or bad, people shouted 1-TurrAh! or 'Boa.' 111ere was also music [0 accompany tbe ftlm . ill those days there WdS a pmuoat the front in every cinema. II was truly family entertainment. Children didn't usually go to places of entertainmelll like the theatre r the music haIL bur Lheir parents took Lhem to the cinema.

-..w

In India the cinema W:l Complete the summary.

.I~~

.. types

Communication

of mummy are described in this article,

1•••••••• •• •••• •••••••••

mummies and

2 ••••••••••••••• •••••••••

the museum and ask to see the mummies. Write the conversation in your notebook.

mummies. The first part of the article gives details of how the

J •••••••••••••••••••••• ••

4 ••••• • ••••••••••••• • ••••

or

on the bodies. Even when they

stopped making mummies. bodies were preserved by the forces or 7 •••.••••••••••••••••••••• The second part of the article deals with mummies round in the in China. Th ese ar

8.......................

9 ....................... .

preserved by the dry heat or the

Reception ist: You :

(refuse politely, giving a reason) (ask to speak to one of the arch~ologists)

Receptionist: You:

Of co urse. (make your request again in a different way; giving a reason) Archreologist: (agree to the request) You: That's very kind. Th an k you.

of Xinjiang

mummies.

10......................... .

The surprising thing about some of the Xinjiang mummies is that they seem to have originated from

(make a polite request) Do you

think 1 ...

s..........•........... . to IiJl the bodies. Later, they simply 6 ••. .. . . .. . •• . .....••••••

You:

made mummies. Seven

thousand years ago, they used put

4> You are studying archceology. You telephone

11........................ .

, Go for it J ) Answer the questions.

Writing

5/

Imagine that, 4000 years ago, a Chinese man and a European man see each other for the first time. In your notebook. write the Chinese man's description of the European man. I have just seen someone quite extraordinary as I was coming home. let me describe him. ...

Where did the Chinchorro live? .!.~..$.9.~m.~.~.~!.~% ..C!.~..~~~.f!.~!.'!;r.~~.r!::.~~~~~g!!..~.C!.~~~r:.

Why do Chinchorro mummies appear solid?

2 What is special about the region in which the Chinchorro lived? 65

Struggle for surv"val

Vocabular

Stay cool! '

Go for it

1 / Solve the crossword.

25 To continue to live in spite of danger. (7) 26 Abbreviation ror chlorofluorocarbon - a type of gas which is used in fridges and some aerosols. (3) 27 A ramous extraterrestrial. (2) 28 The ................ effect is caused by Lhe pollution of

the atmosphere. ( 10) Down 1 The opposite o f in crease. (8) 2 We want to preserve the ................ of animal and plant life. (7) 3 Too many people use their ................ cars to get Lo work rather than public transport. (3) 5 Global warming is a serious ................ to the environment. (6) 7 They work as volu nteers for an environmental ................. . (12)

8 9 10 16 17

Across 1 The turtles' nesting sites are being destroyed by the ................ of hotels. (11)

6 CO 2 = ................ dioxide. (6)

8 We went on a ................ of Central America. (4)

11 A measurement of weight equal to 1,000 kilos. (5) 12 The sun and the wind are two sources of ................. (6) 13 Abbreviation for United States. (2) 14 15

16 17

20 21 23

66

I've said it once and I'll ................ it again. (3) There must be ................ more hunting of elephanls. (2) Abbreviation for Prime Minister. (2) The turtles sometimes mistake plastic rubbish ................ food. (3)

Destroy - destruction; 10 e - ._.............. (4)

n1t'~ ................ layer protects life on earth from

harmful radiation. (5)

The quality of the ................ we breathe is

threatened by pollution. (3)

18 19 22 24

27

I'm not used ................ livi ng in a city. (2)

The turtle lays her eggs ................ the beach. (2)

Abbreviation for United Nations. (2)

A good sun cream ................ your skin from the sun. (8)

People ought to recycle their rubbish, but you can't

................ them to do it. (5)

A wizard in a Hollywood fil m ca m from this land. (2)

We must try to ................ the level of CO 2 in the air. (6)

CO 2 is a ................. (3)

Each ................ in this forest is home to severa)

animals. (4) Abbreviation for European Union. (2)

2> Complete the sentences using expressions with do. You can eat the bones in sardines. They .. ~~~~~.~~ .. you any ...~.~rm.... In fact, they'll ........................ you 2 I know your marks weren't very good, but

never mind - you ............................................ . That's all that matt ers. You got Grade As in all your te t 1 That's fantastic . You ........................ . 4 When you were at primary Rewrite the sentences in the passive, Present simple How do you write it? You write it like this.

..~~w..(~.it.1:'(r.~~~~? ....................................................................... .. !.~~~.w.r:!1!.t;!!.J.i.~.~. ~!!#.: ....................................................................

Where do they keep the key? 2 They keep it in the cupboard. Past simple 3 Did they chao e you for the parL

after an audition? 4 No. The drama teacher asked me to

be in the play. Past continuous 5 Was someone following you? 6 1 don't think anyone wa following me, but l'm sure someone was watchmg me.

Present perfect simple '1 Have they repaired the phone yet?

8 Yes, but we haven't paid the bill. Past perfect simple 9 Had they told him abouL the party? 10 Yes, but they hadn't invited him. Modals 11 They mu t do the work properly. 12 Ye . Th y can't rush it. Gerund 13 They were worried about people seeing Lhem together. Infinitives 14 "Everyone wants someone to love them.

61

4 ' Complete the article, putting the verbs in brackets into the passive.

Ten minutes after this picture (take), it

had been taken ..................... ............

I ...... ......................................

(receive) by

newspapers around the world. With the latest digital technology, pictures 2......................................................

(can/publish)

only minutes after a press photographer has arrived at a scene and the photographs

J .............. .

.............................................. (take). It means that a photographer can take, choose and send a photo to accompany a newspaper article while the article 4............................................ ..

Thi

~

(write) by a journalist.

0 Go for it

) The passive: all tenses 5> In your notebook, rewrite the passages in the passive.

i how it works

Today It only takes minutes to get

In the mid.nineties, the world had very strange weather ...

the picture of a scene onto the front page of a newspaper. Photographs

5.................................. .

In 1995 in Britain, for

........................ (take) with a digital

example the hottest

summer since I 59

followed the wettest

camera. Up to 120 pictures 6...................................................... .

.pring on record. Tn 1996 in New York,

(can/store) on a disk.

snow storms stopped

the traffic and made

life extremely difficult.

The pictures on the disk 7...................................................... .

(put) onto a laptop computer. The best picture

'n Britain, for example, the wettest spring record was followed by the hottest summer since 1659.

B.............................

on

.................................... (choose) and

9.............................. ...... .................. .

(transmit) from the laptop back to the office. The picture which

10.........................

.................................. (take) just ten

minutes ago

SwL Write a similar conversation to that in

6> Match the sentence halves.

[kJ

1 Couldn't 1 How about

D D

3 We could

D D

4 Why 5 Let's find out

Exercise 8 arranging an evening out with a friend. Reject the first two suggestions yOUI friend makes. Then make a suggestion which your friend accepts. Use a variety of expressions.

a) about he trains. b) we go on a boat trip? c) don't we go on a camping holiday? d) going riding? e) go for a picnic.

You:

7> Agree or disagree with the suggestions above. 1 That's a good

.}t!.t;~ ...

Friend: (theatre?) ........................................................

. I like boat trips.

You:

2 rm not so .................... . I haven 't been on a

horse for ages. 3 Yes, we .................... , 1 suppose. But it might rain.

Friend: (cinema?) .......................................................

4 l'd .................... not. Sleeping outside isn't really

my .................... .

You:

5 That's .................... a bad idea.

(club ?) .............................................................

8> Put the conversation in order. a)

D

lee-skating isn't really my thing. How about going for a bike ride?

b)

D

We could, 1 suppose, but l'm a bit fed up with rollerblading.

c)

0

Great! I'll phone you a time to meet.

011

Friday to arrange

d) [JJ What shall we do on Saturday?

0 n0

e)

g) 11)

D 0

Friend:

Q

What's wrong?) 10/ Correct the mistakes. explorin:J

1.

~r~ C t)

Well, how about ice-skating?

What about explore the coastal area? '".\J~

Why don't we go rollerblading?

I've been bit by a mosq uito.

OK. Talk La you on Friday.

2 Do me favour.

Thal's not a bad idea . We could cycle round Loch Lomond.

3 Have you seen the new hotel deveJopement? 4

CouJdnt we do an overnight trek?

5 Why we don't go and work in a summer camp?

6 Is the greenhouse effect cause by CO 2?

69

on' panic! Vocabular ~~_Go_t_o_r_ it~)

Stay cool 1 ) Complete the chart.

4 > Complete the Players' Code of Behaviour with the words in the box.

Sport

Location

Person

fooLball

........p.f!~~.........

.......P.~f!.Y.lfr: ........

ce

• manager • game • players • referee rules) • team • competitive • opponent • umpire

lennis 2 athletic

International

3 gymnastics 4

Sports Commission

motor racing

5 swimming

PL1\.YERS' CODE OF BEllAlTJOUR

6 golf

2> Circle twelve more verbs to do with sport. S P L 0 T C I-­ 11 V R 1 0 V W 0 L T

R I S E C G 0 S R E E R S V S E

T M P A S T C 0 R A

N

K I T

R B

S L C H W I C K T

A K E L L L E Y

0 C R E U N

• Keep Lo the ...... ~.'!.~~ ...... of the game.

3:" Complete the sentences with an appropriate preposition. She runs really fast. I couldn't keep

• Treat all players as you wo uld like .~p..

with her.

'1 feel like giving up wind urling, but I suppose

• Ev n if you disagr

1 oughl to keep .................... trying:

argue with an

'If you keep .................... it, you'll do it:

J ....................... .

2 TIle spectators were asked to keep .................. ..

the pitch during the game. 3 Can I remind you Ihat the goalkeeper's job is to ke p the ball .................... of the goa I! 4 We didn' t use all the money to buy new

equipment. We kept some .................... . 5 Keep .................... the rules during the game. 70

treated. Never be unfair to an

0

be

I ....................... .

with a deci ion, tlo not

2.......................

Ask your

or a

4 .......................

to

talk to them after the ....................... .

• Remember you are part of a

6....................... .

Work equally hard for y urself and for the other .,....................... . • Sport are

Il.......................

but it is important

Lo keep your temper at all ti mes.

Grammar

.'

2 You were in a bad mood

Stay cool I wish/If only + past perfect

0

people left early.

5;- Rewrite the sentences using I wish and If only. 3 She tripped so she lost the race.

c:J

CJ

4

You didn'l tum up at the trainin g sessions. That's why you wer dropped from the tea m.

ClD

t::.\

5 He did n't ask For money so I didn 't give him any.

1 didn't ask her for her phone number.

J.~~~~.!.'~.~~~~!!.!!.~fo.r..~~r.p.~~~~.~~~~~::.............



1 didn't get her a drink.

If only ...................................................................... . 2 I stepped on her toes when we danced. 1 wish ....................................................................... .

J I talked about computers all night.

If only ...................................................................... .

7 ) Write third conditional questions. ..W.~HN..~~~.~~y.~.~~~~~~ .... (she/beat) the record if .§h{~l~~p.~t! .....

(sh /jum p) a centimetre higher?

(she/compete) if ...................................................... . .................................. (the prize money/be) higher? 2 ............................................... (he/win) the match if

4 I didn't tell her 1 liked her. I wish ........................................................................

............................................................ (he/not serve) so brill iantly? 3 .................................................... ... ............................ .

5 1 went away when lhat other guy ame up to

talk to her.

If only ...................................................................... .

(he/be selected) if ................................................... . (he/not b injured)? 4 What

.........................................................................

(they/do) if ............................................................. ..

........................... (Ronald a/tum down ) their offer?

Third conditional

5 ............. ............................ .......................................... .

(he/be sent off) if ....................................................

6) Join the pairs of sentences using if clauses.

............... (the refe ree/see) the foul?

1 didn't know your number so 1 didn't

phone you .

..lff:~.~~.~.~~.y~~!..~~p..~~:!..~:~.~~y.~.ph.~.~.~~.y~~:..... You didn't tell me abouL the match so I didn't come.

11

Third conditional 8> Complete the third conditional sentences with the correct form of the verb phrases in the box.

@ffi ·

• sprint • arrive find • bring cycle) • win drive) • feel • leave • have • go to bed • stay out • low down • come

C·

C·

2 I felt really tired during that game. I'm sorry I

played so badly. If you ........................................................ all night.

l'm late.

you ............................................................. so tired.

..

If I ..~~~~:!.~r.~~~~ here. I :~.~~~~.~~~'!..... on time.

If you ....................................................... early, you

If 1 .:~..9l~!~~....... here. I ..~~~~~!?:~..~.'!.~~.~~~!?..... late.

............................................................. more energy.

3 Smith seemed to have problems at the end of

72

We're lost.

the race.

If we ........................................... the map with us.

If Smith ................................................. the last 10

we .......................................................... the village.

metres, he ................................................. the race.

If we .......................................... the map at home,

If he .................................................................... he

we ............................................................... by now.

...................................................................... second.

Com munication Stay cool -

-'

9/ Put the conversation in order. A

a) b) c)

0 How can you be so sure?

0 But do you think she'd accept an apology?

W 1 wish 1 hadn't lost my temper with

Martina in that last game.

d)

0

But she's my regular tennis partner. 1 really ought to make it up to her somehow.

e)

D

OK. I'll do it. Thanks.

B ~

D

l'm certain she would.

g)

0

Because she's lost her temper in the past. She knows how it feels.

h}

D

Yes, perhaps you should. Why don't you phone her and apologise?

i)

D

Don't wony. It happens to all of us.

Plurals - Most nouns imply add s to make the plural:

60 for it 10> Write conversations in your notebook for the situations below using some of the phrases in e box. -I wish rd/! hadn't ... -If only rd /1 hadn't .. . • Never mind.

• I know what you mean.

- There's not much you can do about it now.

- Why don't you ... ?

• Maybe you could ...

- Perhaps you should ...

game

games

referee

referees

- Nouns which end in ch, sh, before 1he s:

match success box

55

or x add an e

matches successes boxes

- To make plurals of nouns which nd in a consonant + y, change the y to Ie and add

5:

raJly rallies I f there is a vowel before the y, just add s:

volley 11

volleys

>Write the plurals of these words.

Situation 1

athlete

You were very bad-tempered at home this morning.

You upset your mOlher/father. You didn 't apologise

before you left. Talk to your best friend about it.

coach

..~rh.~flt~...............................

2 party 3 journey

Situation 2

4 injury

You didn't do enough revision for a recent Science

exam and you got a bad mark. It's too late to do

anything about it, but you regret it. Talk to your

Science leacher.

5 loss 6 wish 7 distance B player

9 fax 73

Ski Is develo m

t extra

Reading

1

.~) ••W.!!!!.~.~~.!! ..~.~{~!9h..~p.~.c!.i.f;l.i?').? ...........................



A Raleigh expedition brings together 120 young people, called Vent urers. from around the world to work an ironmental, community and adventure proJects. Ten expeditions, each with twelve Venturers, are run every year In Africa, South America and the Far East. Each expedition starts with a week's training, when you wiil learn all the necessary skills for your expedition - such as using long-distance radio equipment, navigation, setting up a campsite and first aid.

.............................................................................. ?

You then join a group of eleven other Venturers and set off on your first project. Project sites are remote and just getting to them is all part of the adventure. On every project site there are qualified staff members such a5 civil engineers or outdoor Instructors. However, it's up to you and your group to decide how you want to rUn things and to organise your project work .

............................ ................................................ ? Most of the t ime you will be living in tents close to your project site Everyone in the project group gets Involved in the day-to-day running of their campsite and every Venturer takes a turn as Group Leader for the day, giving out tasks and organising project work.

.............................................................................. ? Venturers come from all over the globe - a total of seventy nationalities from a wide range of cultures

74

have taken part in expeditions. We recruit f rom abroad and from the host expedition count ry. Ven t urers come from a wide range of social backg rounds and include graduates, gap-year st udents, employees and young people in diffi cult socia l, f inancial or personal circumstances. Ii ................. . ....................... ................. ....................

?

You don't need any special qualification . You need to be able to swim, understand English and have enthusiasm and commitment. Close involvement with local peop le means you might be conducting an English lesson at a local school one day and testing you r footba ll skills t he next. A Raleigh expedition isn't a holiday: project work can be t ough and demanding, requirtng teamwork and imaginative problem-solving

Comprehension

Communication 3

1> Read the text and write the correct heading above each paragraph.

a) Who takes part?

b) What particular skills will I need?

c) What happens next?

( d) What is a Raleigh expedition? )

e) What abou t accommodation?

Go for it

2> Write questions for these answers. .. w.~.~~.~!"~Jh~.m~m~~':~..'!1.~.~.~.~~fg~.........................

..~P.~~~~!~n. ~~.~~I!~t .................................................... .

Venturers.

>Write the conversation in your notebook.

You are choosing wh ich Ra leigh 1nternational expedi tion to go on with your friend . You've made notes on one expedition. Your friend has made notes on another. Discuss which expedition you will go on. t-1on.9o/j~. M~n:::h. 'Pr oje.c::t: -huildif1,!3

0::::1

Activitiee: rncu",~jl'11Yelo:kiYl91 E!>

In your notebook. write a letter of application to Raleigh International for one of the expeditions in Exercise 3. • Say where you found out about Raleigh lnternational (an arti Ie in a magazine). • Tell them about yourself. • Say why you'd like to participate in the expeditio n.

........... ...................................................................... ?

They have to give out tasks and organise project work. 6 ................. ............. ..................................................... .

................................................................................. ? Yes, they do. They come rrom many different countries. 7 ................................................................................ ? It can be hard work, and it can be quite

challenging.

Writing (2): Checking It is easy to make c r less mistakes so always

check your writing. heck the letter you wrote

in Exercise 4:

1 Check spell ings ill a dictionary.

2 Check the tenses of the verbs.

3 Check t he punctua tio n.

4 If several sentences b gin wilh the same word

(e.g . I) , change 0 e or two o f them. 5 Im agine that y rec ive this leller. Does it contain all the information tha t is needed?

't believ I-t .l

Vocabular

Stay cool !

Go for it

4 A: Why did you leave the meeting?

B: Because it was boring and no one

1 )' Complete the conversations using the correct form of the verbs say, tell, talk and speak. A: Why couldn't you hear what she was saying? B: Because .... ~~~..~~..~p.~l!.~~'!.9. .... so quietly.

A: So you didn'! hear her speech? B: No. What ........................................................ ?

2 A: What did your teacher do when the fire

broke out in the classroom?

B: She ........................................ us to leave as quickly as possible. 3 A: He's really funny. B: 1 know. He's good at ....................................... . jokes.

........................................ anything new.

S A: We lived in Brazil when I was a child. B: Did you learn to ....................................... .

Portuguese? 6 A: You shouldn't have kept quiet about the problem. B: 1 did n't want to ....................................... .

anyone about it. 7 A: She's a bit upset.

B: OK. I'l l ........................................ to her.

8 A: rve been looking for you . Where have you been? B: 1 ................ ........................................ to Kate.

Grammar Stay cool

Verbs must have, might have, can't have for drawing conclusions

>

2 Complete the conversation using the prompts in brackets. Director: Where's Oliver? This is an important

rehearsal.

Assistant: (He/gel/your message)

..~~.~.rJ.t~t;J;~*!.gg.~y.f!.':'.r:..'!!.~!.'!.9.~:................. .

Director: And where are Claudia and Jeremy? Assistant: They phoned to say lhey'd left but lhal the traffic was heavy. (They/be held up in a traffic jam)

Assistant: Oh, don't say that. (He/have an accident)

Director: And Catheri ne? At least I've seen heT th is morn ing. Where is she? Assistant: 1 don't know. She said she needed something to wake her trp so (she/go for a cof~ e) Director: Gone for a coffee! (She/go for a coffee) .................................................................. ! She know there's a rehearsal. Oh, here she is no w. But she's not in costume! Assistant: (She/forget that it's a dress rehear aJ) 5

Director: And what about Patrick? He drives like a madman, so he ought to be here by now. 76

Director: Typical!

Grammar Reported speech: statements and questions

6 'Matt went off on a walking trip; said lan .

3> Rewrite the statements and questions in reported speech. 7 'Why hasn' t Matt phoned?' asked Adam.

Verbs of reporting: various structures 4> Complete the sentences with the past tense of the verbs in the box.

C·

• promise ex plain ) • invite • order • persuade • pologise • agree • offer • recom mend '1 won't be able to make it to t he meeting

by eight:

He ... ~~{l!.~I).~!!... . that he wouldn't be able to

make it to th e meeti ng by eig ht.

'I'm sorry I was so bad- tempered.'

'We're going by oach,' said Matt.

..~~.~!!!.4..~~~..~~r~.!l~!!I.9.kY.~f!.'!:~~:............................

When does it leave?' Zoe asked Matt.

..$.~~..~~~~4. .~.~~.~~~!J.!'~.~if!.: .......................... ............. Tm not very keen on climbing; said Ian .

He .............................. for being so bad-tempered .

2 'Wou ld you li ke to go bowling a t the weekend?' She .............................. hi m to go bowling at the weekend. ' 3 'Get out of the pool!'

He .............................. them to get out of the pool.

2 'What's the matter?' Matt asked Sarah.

4 '1'11 help with th e prepara ti ons for the parly if

you like: He .............................. to help with the preparations for the party.

3 'They'll send out a search party; said Matt.

5 '1'11 write t o you every week:

She ............................ to write to him every week. 6 ' It wou ld be a good idea to take a taxi to

4 'How can you be so sure?' Kelly asked Malt.

the airport: She .............................. taking a taxi to lhe airport.

5 'We're going lo miss the rehearsal,' said Zoe.

7 'Let's stay in tonigh t. We won't know anyone at the party: 'OK'

He .............................. her to stay in. 8 'OK I'll go with yo u: She .............................. to go with him. 77

Reported speech: statements and questions

5> In your notebook. report what the people in the article below said.

Ten-year-old Ashley Burton said that the next day would be

just like any other school day for him, even thou9h ...

Whatever happened to childhood?

EvelY ummel'" over 30,000

children in England

and Wafes attend 5ummer schools to improve

tlr ir reading, writing and Maths.

What do people think of

summer schools?

'Tomorrow will be just like any other

school day for me, even though I'm

on holiday,' said ten-year-old Ashley

Burton. 'Why do I have to give up

my olidays]'

'I've had time off this term because I've been ill but I think I'm doing OK at schoo!. I don't want to spend the summer doing Maths,' said eleven-yea r-old Flora Briggs. 'How will they cope at secondary school jf they're having problems at primary school?' asked twenty-one­ year-old William Tyler. '1 think summer schools are a good idea:

'Children have a busy school curriculum and they're constantly using computers and wat hing television,' said a parent who disagrees with summer schools. 'It's essential that they can switch off, relax and play outside during the holidays.'

Verbs of reporting: various structures 6/ Report these statements and questions using

3 '1'11 be more caref ul with money: (he)

the words in brackets and a variety of verbs.

'I think you ought to go to the doctor: (she/him) .§.~.~.~~~!~~.~!p'.~C!.9.f!..~~.~~.~.~~~~!':.........................

4 'Would you like to go for a mea l?' (he/her)

'Why don't we go to the Edinburgh Festival?' (they)

5 '1 feel terrible about making such a fuss. I'm

2 'Don't forget to check the battery: (she/them)

78

really sorry: (she)

What's wrong?

Stay cool 7 / Match the sentences to the responses. I 1 wonder why they haven't arrived yet. [bJ 2 Why didn't she phone?

0

D

4 He might be angry because you

birthday card.

5 He might have been jealou '.

0

0

6 You should have made your mind

up arlier.

'Perhaps she didn't receive your e-mail.' c.DWc).

3 They probably left without us.

didn't send him

9 > Correct the mistakes.

0

'You -Efffi be right.'

'I can't And the cheque you gave me.'

'You mustn't have lost it already.'

2 1 said you to relax.

3 She apologi ed for to be impatient.

4 They perswaded me to stay.

Responses

5 He asked me when was I going to see him.

a) That an'[ be the reason. I never send him one.

6 She suggested to go out this evening.

b) Perhaps they gol lost.

e) 1 don't believe ill We're nOllate,

d) 1 uppose so. It's a difAcult decision, though. e) You could be right. He can'l stand me talking to other boy.

n

She must have been

[00

busy.

Grammar: Hot spots Try Lo identl!y the grammar 'hot spot:> which

often cause problems. Keep lists to Illustrate what can go wro ng, e.g, Reponed que liOllS:

They asked him when he was getting married (not They asked him when W~ he getting marriett) nle verb tell: The y told me to go (not The}' reid to

o for it 8/ In your notebook, write a conversation for the

following situation.

me to go.)

Your friend is fed up. Sh has been in contact by

e-mail with omeone she met on holiday. At first,

the replies came immediately. 111en they came after

three or four days. Her last e-mail hasn't received a reply. Talk to her about the situation. Possible reasons for no reply:

-not checked mail?

-away?

-busy?

-not keen any more?

friend: , can't undemand why I haven't had a reply. We seemed to be getting

011

so well. You:

Perhaps ...

79

Cau ht

•

et

the

Vocabular Stay cool 1

I

60 for it

>Solve the crossword.

Across 1

3 5 8

9 10 11 13 15

16 17

19 21 22 23

80

1

point to parts of the compuLer screen with

it. (5) He runs .................... on-line support group. (2) You open them to let fresh air in, and you also find them on a computer. (7) Long form of the word Net. (8) What software .................... you use? (2) The opposite of major. (5) You can buy a computer at a specialist shop or at a department ..................... (5) I suppose ..................... (2) Does the disk go ................... here? (2) Connect the printer .................. the processor. (2) 1f you can't read it on the screen, use the printer to .................... it out. (5) ]t's mostly made up ofletters and numbers and you type on it. (8) 1t's so much easier to communicate by .................... than by letter. (1,4) Another word for lessons. (7) rYe been on the omputer for ten hours. It's now seven o'dock and 1 .................... on at nine this morning. (6)

Down 1 The screen is part of this piece of computer equipment. (7) 2 Do you still .................... floppy disks to transfer files from one computer to an other? (3) 3 The list of .................... includes computers as well as gambling, drugs and alcohol. (10) 4 From twelve till twelve: fro m .................... till midnigh t. (4) 5 My sister's a real fa n of Boyzone. She's even designed her own .................... on the Net. (7) 6 Abbreviation for Information Technology. (2) 7 When she gets ho me, she .................... the Net. (5) 12 I've got so much computer equipmen t in my room. I'm .................... out of space. (7) 14 There's nothi ng on the screen. Is the monitor switched .................... ? (2) 18 I've just had my computer repaired, so it shouldn't .................... any more. (5) 20 Twelve months = a .................... (4) 22 .................... -ROM. (2)

>

2 Complete the sentences with the prepositions in the box. • up • over • away • on • into (. through )

• out of

I'll just ru n . ~~~~!!N~.. the instructions once mar .

My computer ran .............................. memory, so 1 installed some more. 2 He ran .............................. huge telephone bills

using the lntemet. 3 We ran .............................. some glass and the

tyreburst. 4 We've got fi ftee n minutes to present our project, but the teacher said we can run ............................ .. for an extra five minut s if there are any questions. 5 rve got so much to do that 1 just want to run .............................. and fo rget all about it! 6 I ran .............................. a friend of yours the other day.

Grammar Future perfect

tay cool

Future continuous

4> Respond to these predictions about what will have happened by the year 2050.

3/ Complete the description of iife in 2020. putting the verbs into the future continuous.

By the year 2050 ...

Extraterrestrials make contact 2

Women become the dominant sex ~ The PI" nel ! QS(l

3

A computer is elected Prime Minister 4

Genetic Engineers Design a New Animal

What . :~!!!.. I .~~.~~~~..!l. (d o) at this time in 202 0? we ll . I .. ~~.~:t~~9.~~~.9. .... (not go) out t o work.

I 1

J/..I?~.~~~!~g....

(sit) in

5

my off ice at home

I .................................................

( do) everyt hlng

fro m my com puter. I

2..............................................

a meeti ng.

I

(not s1 t) i h

J..............................................

t.

( have)

••

a vide o conference with my colleagues.

r ., ...................................................

6

on

(not type)

I)

...

Traffic police to be replaced by ROBOTS .........~

=---,~

.•

Yes I think that extraterrestrials will have

..... 1......................... ................................................... .

my comp uter . 1 ' ...................................................

made contact.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t •••••••••

(talk) to it

I

................................................... (e - mai 1)

the fri dge to see if we've run out of mi lk .

or ..N.l!!..~.~!?r.~~..'!9.~~t;:.~~!.~~~~!.~~!tM~.~.~.r(~.~!!r.~.... made contact. ................................ ,", ... , .............. ,...............................

2 ,...................................................................................

I

7...................................................

(go)

on

a vi rtual shopping tour of the supermarket . An d in the

5

mmer, I

.......................... . (no

spend ) hours queuing at

4 ....................................................................................

the alr por t to go on holid ay . I

3 .................................................................................. ..

B....................................

~ ........................................................................

(not suffe r fronl) jet1ag . I ........................ (vi sit

on the Wha

I nternet

10............................ ..

5 .................................................................................. ..

places all over the wor ld

from the comfort of my

desk .

6 .. ........................... .......................................................

a l ife !

81

Short answers with verb + so/not 5"/ Respond to the questions using the expressions in the box with so or not.

Go for it Future continuous and future perfect

6> Make predictions about your life in 2020 using some of the verbs in the box.

• be afraid (. expect) • hope • suppose • not think • think A: Do you think you'll be doing mo t of your work on a computer when you start a job? B: Yes, ... .!..~p.~f:!.~.l!:.....................

A: Do you think computers will take over the world? B: Oh no, .......................................... .

That's just science fiction. 2 A: Would you let me harrow your laptop to take to the beach? B: No, I'm sorry,

........................................... You might get sand in it. 3 A: Will you become a computer addict? B: .......................................... !

wouldn't want to be addicted anything!

lJ

4

A: In ten years' time, will most people be using computers to buy tickets and shop? B: Oh, yes, ........................................ .

It's just so easy.

live earn

go work study wear travel drive spend

.. !~.~g~g!J~~~p.'1!.~!!.~!!I..~.~.~!r.~~.::.................................................... 2 1 expect 1'11 ................................................................................... ..

5 A: Children at school can learn a lot from a computer, can't they?

3 I might ....................................................... .. ................................. .

B: Well, 1 .......................................... . But they can learn a lot more from a good teacher.

5 I'm sure I won't .......................................................................... ..

4 1'm sure I'll .................................................................................. ..

6 I don't think I'll ................................. .......................................... .. Say what you will and won't have achieved by 2020, using verbs of your choice. Think about your studies, yo ur career, the qualifications you've gained, your achievements and your personal 1i e.

. eu.~~~~. ~.t;f.9m.~.!!..~~r.{~-fo.mg.'!.~fo.~t~.~.~~~r:......................................

82

-

-

Communication Stay cool 7> Use a variety of expressions to thank people in the following situations.

~, Go for it

)

9> Complete the conversation with suitable phrases.

Your friend's elder sister lend you her camera for a project you're doing .

Your pen friend's parents have taken you to a

Chinese resta urant on the last night of your stay.

... .r.IJ.l;m~JfJx.!~~~!~.!l.m~Jl~~r..~~~.~r.'!:..I~~r~...........

... !.~~.~/Y..~.~'!.t!..'!fJl~~: ...................................................

You:

2 You'v always wantecl a particular type of wat h, and your boyfriend/girlfriend gives it Lo you for your birthday.

ror taking me out. Parents: You: I've had a great time here.

Parents:

You:

3 You've been staying at your friend's house for the weekend. You're saying goodbye to his/her parents.

1 really enjoyed this evening. Thank you

I've got a little present for you from my country.

Parents: You: Not at al l. Well, thanks for everything. Parents:

4 You've been having problems with your computer.

Your best friend has come round and spent two hours working on it, finally getting it to work .

What's wrong?) 10> Correct the mistakes.

5 YO.Jr grandmother's neighbour have been

looking after her during a recent iIlne .

Just think, you'~1n the beach while J'm workin g hard at school. Don't mention it. It was pleasure. 2 Surely Lhey will arrive by now.

8> Match the responses to the sentences you

wrote in Exercise 7.

a) b) c}

D D D

It was a pleasure to have you here.

4 Be careful not to run on a bi g bill.

I'm glad you like it.

S Thank's for everything.

That's OK. l'm sure she'd do the same

for us.

d) [II You're welcome, Just give it back wilen

you've finished with it.

e)

D

3 'Will you be coming later? ' 'Yes, I think.'

A final note on phrasal verbs:

Make sure you use the correct prepositions!

Don 't mention it. It was nothing.

I ran into an old friend on th e way home.

1 ran over an old friend

011

the way home,

83

n Reading HOME NEWS

Twenty-first century Britons

Today a New Hippy; tomorrow a Post-Punk Oudaw living life on the edge; the day after, a Nomadic Networker .,. you can be what you want in twenty-first century Britain. According to a recent report, the ~ocial groups which people are u ed to in Britain are going to be replaced by a whole new range in the new mill nnium . Look out for Barbie Babes and Ken Clones, who 11 be spending lars of money on physical perfection and designer clothes, and Post-Punk Outlaws, who won't be taking any notice of rules. We'll also meet Nomadic Net.vorkers, will be travelling all 0 er the world, . carrying their 'office' (a portable computer) with them and New Hippies or Global Villagers, who will be committed to equality, freedom and looking after tlle environment. Alex McKie, the author of the report, says. 'Life IS becoming Ie predictable. In the future , people may become parents at sixty years old. Adole. cence and nriddle age I113Y bee me l es~ di Complete the conversation in your notebook.

>

Ted:

1 Read the text and match the words and phrases with their meanings. 1 networker 2 outlaw 3 predictable 4 adolescence

@]

0

0

5 middle age 6 youth 7 contrasting

D

0 0

D

a) someone who commits crimes b) the period of time when someone is young c) differing, varied d) somebody who uses personal contacts to get work e) happening in the way you expect 1') the period in a person's life between about twelve and eighteen g) the period in a person's life between about forty and sixty

Society's falling apart, you know. And we're run ning out of time to do anything about it.

Alice: (disagrees strongly and supports her opinion) .fJ'!.1).~~l).~~~.r.~p.{~.~m.h~I.P..!h~~r.!!.~!9~~!?~.~.....

.~~~!!..tJ:!.~:.r:~ .~l)..!r.'!.~~~~; .................................... Ted: People don't ta lk to each other any more. They just send e-mails. Computers can be quite dangerous in my opinion. Alice: (agrees, and gives the example of compu ter . addiction)

Ted: 1n fact, all technology is a load of rubbish.

Alice: (disagrees strongly, and gives a reason)

Ted: Then there's the environment. People are

always tal ki ng about it, but they never do anything. Alice: (disagrees gently, and gives the example of the wo rk of wildlife organ isations)

Go for it 2; Complete the sentences using information from the text. 1n the twentieth century, we were used to certain social groups. Now, in the twenty­ first century, they ~~~.!!~!f!!U?.~~..~~P..~l!.~~~.~~.

.~. ~~?'~~..'!.~.~C!.~!J.~..C!f!.f}.~.~c!.~!I.~~~P.~·.................. The author of the article calls people who: a) are materialistic and very concerned about how they look ..................................................: b) brea k society's rules .........................................: c) move From ountry to country with their

work '...............................................: 2 a) In the twenty-first century, there will be less difference between ........................................... b) For example, J a) Young people in the twenty-Arst century

won't stay in one social group. They .............

Come on. Stop reading these depressing newspaper articles I Let's go out and get some fresh air! Ted: Fresh air? There's no fresh air!

Writing 4> In your notebook, write a report summarising the opinions of your friends an'd members of your family concerning social life in the future. I First, ask them the followillg questions and note their answers. - Do you thin k that in twen ty years' time we'll be living in the same way as we are ITYing now? - What will the effect of compu ter technology be in the next twen ty years? - What other changes do you think we will see in society in the next twenty yea rs? 2 Then write your report in 300 words or fewer. Use some of th e phrases in the box to link your ideas. • • • •

on the whole • in addition to this not only ... but also however • although • in spite of as a result • to sum up

b) By contrast, social groups in the last century

85

The Gram ar Builder

Wei orne to the Grammar Builder! • The Grammar Builder gives extensive and more detailed practice of the grammar points in the Snapshot course. • The units in this section can be used alongside the units in the Workbook section, or for extra revision at a later stage. • Each unit begins with a grammar reference section called Grammar highlights. This gives further examples of the structures which are presented in the Students' Book. .. The practice exercises which follow the Grammar highlights are dearly labelled so that you know exactly which grammar poi nt you are practising in each exercise.

87

Unit 1

v ry Friday.

n't watch videos very often. on play basketball a our school.

go [0 the merna at weekends? play In a team? Negative No, he doesn't. No, they aon'l.

routines and perma nen t sit uations, e.g. He plays the guitar in a band. She

sometimes rides her bike to schoal.

• We also use the presen t simple to ta lk about general statements of t ruth, e.g. Th esun rises in the east, and about schedu les, e.g. The bus leaves at 7 p.m. • Adverbs of frequency, e.g. often, sometimes, co me before the main verb except if the ma in verb is to be, e.g. I always get up late on Saturdays. He 's often late for school. • Adverbia l ph rases of frequency come after the verb and the object, e.g. She washes her hair twice a week. • To form t he third person sing ular positive, we usually add -s to t he infinit ive, e.g. wants, makes, drops. When the infin itive ends in ch, sh, ss or x, we add - es, e.g. watches, wishes. Wh en the infi nitive ends in a conson an t + y, we delete the7'and add - ;es, e.g. worries, cries, flies. The third person sing ul ar of do and go is does and goes.

89

Grammar highlights

Present continuous

Positive statements

I'm working in the shop today.

She's wearing her new j ans.

They're writing a new song for the band.

Negative statements

I'm not studying today.

She Isn't wearing a dre

They aren't doing anything.

Questions Am I doing this right?

Is she wea ring make-up?

Are they playing tennis?

Short answers

Positive

Y ,you are. Yes, she is. Yes, hey are.

Negative

No, you aren't.

No, she isn't.

No, they aren't

• We use the present cont in uous to talk abo ut activities which are happeni ng at the t ime of speak ing or in t he current period, e.g. He's sitting in the garden

right now. She's living in Ireland for six months. • The fo llowin g verbs are not norma lly used in the prese nt con t inuous: agree,

be, believe, belong, contain, cost, depend. expect, feel, forget, hate, hear, hope, imagine, know, Ii e, look, !ove, matter, mean, need, not ice, own, prefi r, realise, recognise, remember, seem, smell, suppose, taste, understand, want, wish. • Have, see, think ca n be us d in the prese nt continuou s bu t the meaning is not th e sam e as in the present simple. Having ca n mean eating, drinking,

taking, giving, e.g. He's having lunch / a drink / a shower! a party. Seeing means going out with or meeting, e.g. Are you seeing Lydia on So turday? Th inking about means giving attention to, e.g. I'm thinking about the holidays. • Th ere are certain ru les fo r spe ll ing th e -ing fo rm. In many cases, we add - ing to the infinitive, e.g. 90/99in9, work/working. If th e infi ni tive ends in one e, we delete t he -t'; and add -ing, e.g. make/making, write/writing. If the in finitiv ends in a stressed syllable of on e vo wel and one consona nt (not y or w), we dou bl the consonant, e.g. begin/beginning. get/getting, stop/stopping, but say/saying, grow/gro wing.

Present perfect simple with for and since I' b en here sin eleven o'clock. How long have you k own her? H ha n't seen his parents for three years. Ha h lived in Britain for a long tIme? h has, I No, he hasn't. Th y'v had that car since March.

Y 5,

90

• We use th e present p rfect si mple with How long?, for and since to ta lk about events that started in the past and st ill continue in the prese nt, e.g. How long

have you known each other? We've been friends for three months / since July.

Pra ctice

• Present simple or present continuous

Present simple or present continuous

1 / Complete the conversation, putting the verbs into the present simple or present continuous.

2 > Write the letter, putting the verbs into the present simple or present continuous. I (write) this letter at the beach . The sun (sh ine) and th e water (l ook) like blue glass. 2 We (stay) in an exce llent hotel. It (have got) three

tennis courts. 3 My parents (p lay) tennis at the moment. 4 They (get) very hea lthy with all this sport! 5 (you/remember) my cousin Ann ie? She's here, too. 6 Annie and I (not believe) in exercise!

7 We both (prefer) lying in t he sun and relaxing.

8 (you/have) fun with your sister?

Kim' Why •.':':~~,'I.~.~.~!!~~~~'!!' .. (you/switch) on the N?

Tina: Because I , ...................................................................... (always/watch) lV on Thursdays at four o'clock.

"Dec.r £,,,,,,el\ie. ,

.J.'m .~r:~tjp.9. .t!1~ .I.e.tJ.e.r: .(J.t. rh~.~.e.t?~h: ............. . ........... -............ , .....................................

There's this great programme about twin sisters called Double Trouble. Now ssh I Kim: But you 2 ......................................................... (watch) an advert at the moment. aren't you? Tina' No. This is Double Trouble. Please be quiet. Kim

0

.......... "' ...................................................................... " .......................... .

2

this is Double Trouble, is it. Everyone

................................................. (say) It's brilliant. Tina: It is. Kim: What time 4............................................... (it/finish)? Tina: At fou r forty-five. Please ssh I Kim' Why 5................................................................................ (the twins/put on) wetsuits? Tina. Wait and see . Kim: Where 6 ....................................................... (they/go)? Tina: To the beach, of course! KIm: Who's that man who 7............................. .. ... . ........... .. (wave) at them?

............................. "

3

Tina: Ssh! Kim. look, the twins 10 .........................................................

(not wave) back

Tina: Bye. See you later. I " ................................................. (go) to Carol's to watch lV. She

.................... •

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

.. ................................. """" ." . .............................................................. .

..............................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

4

.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • .... • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • ..

5

...... , .......................... ........ ................ .................................................. ........ ..

.. ......................................................................................................... .

6

................... ............................................................. .

........................... ,. ........................... .................................. . .

....

~

~

~

7

Kim: 9 ............................................................. (the twins/go) to the beach in every programme?

......................................... I

..................................... ···r .. ·..·..·...... ···

Tina: I 8................................................................ (not know). It isn't im po rtant.

................................ ..................... ..... .

......................................................................... ,

~

.......... I

.................................................................................................

8

..........

,

..

O' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

..

. .................................................................................................. .



Lots 0(:' \aue.

"tTAI\ ea. OIl

12........................ ..

.................................. (not talk) as much as you!

91

Practice

• Present perfect simple with for and since

• Present simple or present continuous 3> Complete the sentences. putting the verbs into the present simple or present continuous.

4> Match the activities with the time phrases. Then write sentences in the present perfect with for or since.

2 3 4 5 6 7

I (grow) two cent imetres

[hJ

My best friend an d I (know) each other The United States (exist) Josh (have) a driving licence There (be) life on earth That N (be) on He (be) in bed with a co ld She says she (not see) a good fi lm

0 0

0

0 0 0 0

a) Cb) c) d) e) This cereal contains (conta in) all the important vitamins. .~

••••••••••••••••••••••••••• u •• , ••••••••••••••••• u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

she saw Titan ic. July.) three days. he was eighteen. we we re at prima ry school. f) millio ns of yea rs. g) over 200 years. h) at least three ho urs !

Jane isn't here. She .......................................................... (see) the dentist about her bad tooth. ') His uncle ............................................................................. (own) a jewellery shop in Kenya. 3 Who ...................................................................................... (that motorbike/belong) to?

, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 ...................................................................................................

4 What .................................................................................... (we/have) for lunch today? 5 ................................................................................................

3 .................................................................................................. .

(you/think) the swimming pool is open today? 6 What exactly ..................................................................... (telepathy/mean)? 7 What .................................................................................... (you/think) about a the moment?

4 .................................................................................................. .

5 ................................................................................................. ..

8 I ..............................................................................................

(not see) the difference between these two mobil e phones. 9 She ........................................................................................ (not bel ieve) his story about missing the bus. 10 It ............................................................................................ (not matter) if we arrive early.

92

6 ...................................................................................................

7 .................................................................................................. .

Pr~ent

perfect simple with for and since

• Present simple, present continuous or present perfect simple

51 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, putting the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple.

6> Complete the text, putting the verbs into the present simple, present continuous or present perfect simple. I've known

(kno w) Ma be l Wise since I was six.

Mabel, wh o is ninety-four years old,

1...............................

(live) above the shop at the end of my street The shop

2.................................................

(belong) to Mabel's

family for over 150 years. Mabel

3.....................................

(not work) in the shop

very often now. Her granddaugh ter, Kyli e, 4.....................

............................ (manage) the shop since she returned

from Australia in 1989. But Mabel usua lly

5.................................. ...

afternoon and

(co me) downsta irs in the

6.....................................

counter with Kylie. She

7 .....................................

take) the custom ers' money but she

I last wore th is hat in 1992. (wear/since) I haven't worn this hat since

(sit) behind the

1992.

........................................................................ an hour. 2 The last time I ate there was in July. (eat/since) I ....................................................................................... JUly.

3 They got married two years ago. (be/for) They .................................................................... two years.

8 .............................. ..

(enj oy) tal king to th m and givin g advice. There

They arrived here an hour ago. {be/for}

(not

9 .....................................

(be) quite a few

changes since Kylie ca me to the shop. For the past year, t he shop

10.....................................

(sell) cheeses

from al l over the world, as well as fruit, flowers and vegetables. 'Business

11 .....................................

(g o) really well

now; Kylie told me recen tly, 'and we

12.............................

.................................. (make) 4 He started to work there in 1997. (work/since)

He ................................................................................ 1997. 5 We first met them last summer. (know/since) We ................................................................. last summer. 6 The last time she wrote was last year. (write/since) She ................................................................................ year.

quite a lot of money at the moment. People 13 .....................................

(come) here regu larly beca use they I~

(li ke) Ma bel so much: 7 You got that jacket ages ago. (have/for) You ............................................................................... ages. 8 I last saw her at Julie's birthday party. {see/since} I ................................................................. _............ Julie's birthday party.

93

Past simple Positive statements

• We use the past si mpl e to ta lk about com pl ete actions or event s in the past, e.g. The Egyptians built

I went to Nepa l In July.

Negative statements We didn't like the food very much.

1997, to ta lk about even t s which occurred at a definite po int of ti me in the past, e.g. He bought his

Questions Old you take lots of photos?

Short answers Positive Yes, r did.

the Pyramids. We often use it with past time adverb ia Is such as ago, yesterda y, last month, in

motorbike last week. We also use t he pa st simple to narrate past event s, e.g. She packed her bag, walked

Negative No, J dldn' .

to the station an d got on the train. • To form t he positive past si mp le of regular verbs, we often add - ed t o the infinitive, e.g. walk/walked. If the verb ends in e, we add - d, e.g. love/ loved. If the infinitive ends in a con sonant + y, we delete the -yan d add -;ed, e.g. study/studied. If t he infi nitive ends in a stressed syllabl e of one vowel and one consonan t (not yor w), we double the consonant, e.g. clap/clapped. • There is a list of irreg ular verbs on page 151 .

Present perfect simple Positive statements I'v (have) had lunch.

She's

(ha~J just arrived from Paris.

lost his keys (= He still doesn't know where they are.) The presen t perfect is often used wi t h t he following phrases, which are li nked to the present, e.g. just,

Negative statements I haven't IIn ished my

• We use the presen t perfect simp le to talk about events whic h are li nked to the prese nt, e.g. Tim has

homework.

alreadv, yet, ever, never, so for, up till now, recently.

Sh hasn't come back from the shops.

We also use it to tal k about actions which are repeated

Questions

and with a su perla tive to talk abou t expe rience, e.g.

Have you been to China?

It's the fastes t motorbike he 's ever ridden.

up to the present, e.g. She 's seen that film five times,

Ha she

ever worked in Italy?

Short answers Positive Yes. I have. Y s. sne has.

Negative

• The verb go ha s tw o present perfect f orms : have/ has gone and have/h as been. We use have/ has been when the person has made a visit and come back, e.g. He has

No. I haven't.

been to the USA a few times. We use have/h as gone

No, she hasn't.

when the person has not returned, e.g. He has gone

to the USA (= He's in th e USA. He isn't her

94

.J

Grammar highlights

The definite article

The num bers below match t he examples in the colum n on the I ft. • We use the definite article :

You

have to do

a test. The

est takes an hour.

1 to refer again to somethi ng which has already been mentioned .

2 Sh went to the Netherlands and the USA last year. 3 Ind the Alps, the Medllerran an Sea and the Loire

5 Did h Y arrive in the morning or the afternoon?

2 with plural states and countries. 3 wi t h mou ntain ranges, ocea ns, seas an d rivers. 4 with names of theatres, inemas and hotels. 5 with parts of the day.

6 I w s th best holiday ever.

6 with superl atives.

7 Where has the sun gone?

8 Sh plays the guitar and the piano.

7 when only one such thin g exists.

8 with musi cal inst ruments.

River on he map.

4 Ar you staying at the Srr ge Hotel?

The zero article 1 They went by train. 2 He' leavin school next year.

• We use no (zero) arti cle : 1 wi th by + a form of t ransport. 2 with the words school, college,

university, hospital. home, church

whe n we do n't mean a parti cu la r one. with mea ls. w ith languages and su bj ects. w ith gam es and sports. with streets, towns and countri es. with abstract no uns.

3 We. had a piua for lunch. 4 She's 5 udYlng French and Geography. They play football every Saturday. W live in Alfred Street in Dundee. Dundee is in Scotland. 7 lov is more important than fame.

3 4 5 6 7

S Do take sugar in her coffee? 9 She likes animals.

8 with uncountable nouns. 9 with general plurals.

95

Practice • Past simple or present perfect simple

• Present perfect simple with yet and so for 1

>

>Write questions in the present perfect with

2 Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the past simple or present perfect simple.

yet. Then write what each person has done so far and what each person still needs to do.

~"NTpOW¥

Farid

-m {He SOUTH AMcf(ICA TKIP

write #Ie leiters

30ufof7

IT; tire CPlffpsites

Tim k

~ue

buy /he maps

ZotIt tJf5

2

qoraya

clred fife fents

1 (JUf of#­ He .. !!.~!!.'.~.~~~.t;~.!JJI. ....... (not take off) his cap

3

Adam

have his injections

(ouroF3

4

,uel< 10

btn1k 1he plane fickel's

6/JUf 011

since he . J~~!1~.t (buy) it. Don't bu y any j uice. Mark ............................................. ........................... (already/buy) some. 2 She ...................................................... (not speak) since

Q: .~~~.~!:if!..w.mt~!'!.'-~!:.r~~.rJ.J~..~~~.~~mp~~~~'y'~? ..

A: . ~~).w.rirr~.~.~.~QJ~.r::..ff~.~~~~~..~~..lf!:'t.~..~Q ..........

.!!~J~fh.~r:fo..~!:: ..................................................................

she ............................................... (arrive) this morning.



3 I ................................... (wake up) at four th irty t his morning.

Q: ...........................................................................................

4 When .................................................................................... (you /l earn) to waterski?

A: .......................................................................................... .

5 ............................................................................................._.

(Dave/ever/go) on a sponsored wa lk?

2 Q: ...........................................................................................

6 We ................................... (fly) to Sydney last September to visi t my brother. 7 She ................................... (get) a camera for her

A: .......................................................................................... .

3 Q: ...........................................................................................

birthday and she ............................................................... Oust/take) som e am azing photos. 8 I ....................................... (take) my cousins on a boat trip on Saturday. 9 We ................................................ (not see) her since

A: ...........................................................................................

she ................................... (get back) from Nepa l.

10 He ................................... (write) to me last week but

4 Q: ...........................................................................................

A: ...........................................................................................

I ......................................................................... (not write back) yet. 11 I .................................................... (last/speak) to Maria about three days ago. 12 She ........................................ (fall) off her horse qu ite a few ti mes but so far she .................................

96

.................................... (not break) any bones.

Practice

• The definite and zero article

• The definite. indefi nite and zero article

3 ;- If a line is correct, put a tick (11') in the box. If a line has a definite article which should not be there. underline it and put a cross (X) in the box.

4 > Circle the correct option for each gap. Then write the words in the gaps.

SHARK AT I

A BritIsh tourist on .... ~.~'!.~~JI. .... in Auslralia thoughl his life was over when a hark attacked him .

I

In .................................... .

But whde lhe shark was biting hi arm~ and cbesl, ~ ................................... swam up to him and saved him. They made 1 ......... .......................... around twenty-three year-old Pblllip Vellemler and 'cared away 4 . .. ................................. .

heard Phillip screaming and

rc cued him by 6.................................... . He then gave

PhillIp tir 'l aid on 7........................ ............ before taking

hlln La hospital by 8.................................... .

Speaking from hi ho piLal bed. Phillip Laid reporters• .IL was 'l.... .. ..... .. ....................... r ightening moment of my lIfe. The. hark nearly had me for 10 .................................... But the dolphins saved me. thank goodness: 5....................................

.11

u)'nD.n ~ -to.tntr \.\laS I1t tk uru.~(stLj. ~ ~nt to fu Nei\w-\.o.nd.s an &t halld.ruj. "~ o.no. /1 t-Lrnd. ~nt b'j ~ te.rr~ h-am Daver to a. port collM l\u. H~~ . Then ~ h1tchlu~d. to Amstud.am.~ 5~ea in tru. c.entre oi fuR. POJ"ruliSo How. At: £2 0. rU9ht it tunS tru. chR.a.pest plAC4 to stAtj. ThA.re l.IJ'ef~ tru. tum h.uhop. 98

• We use the past perfect to ta lk about events which happen ed (or didn't ha ppen) before other even ts in the past, e.g. Jane gave me back my bike yesterday. She had borrowed it the week before. I ate snails at a French res taurant last week. I had never eaten them before.

• In time clauses with ofter and before, we can use t he geru nd (- ing form) if the subject of both clauses is the sam e, e.g. After talking to Jim, I decided to buy rollerblades. He tidied his room before going out.

Practice • Past perfect with when, us soon as, ofter 1 / Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. using the words in brackets.

• Past simple or past continuous

2> Match the pairs of sentences to their meanings.

I took my exams and then I got a holiday job. (after)

....M~~.~.. ~.I:'.~.~I:'.~.~."!...~.~~~~!.. !..$..~~ .... a holiday job. I earned so me money before I booked some driving lessons. (after)

......................................................... some driving lessons.

2 First I passed my driving test and then I bought an old car. (as soon as) i) ............................................................................. an old car.

3 I had the car for three weeks and then the lights stopped working. (after)

............................................. the lights stopped working.

4 I fixed the lig hts and then somebody drove into the back of my car. (as soon as)

................................................... into the back of my car.

5 I repaired t he back of my car and then I decided to sell it (when)

...................................................................................... sell it. 6 I sold my car and then I bought a bike. (as soon as)

..................................................................................... a bike.

[II When my sister left, Jim and I had

an argument.

ii) ~ When my siste r left, Jim and I were

having an argument.

a) She left during t he argument.

b) She left before t he argument

il

D When Ann sa w the snake, she ran up

ii}

D When Ann saw t he snake, she was runn ing

the stairs. up t he stairs. a) She was on the groun d floor when she sa w the snake. b) She was on the stairs when she saw t he snake.

2 i)

D When Tim arrived , th ey were watching

Titanic on video. When Tim arrived , t hey watched Titanic on video.

a) He watched the whole Fi lm with them.

b) He did n't see t he start of the f ilm.

ii)

D

3 i)

D

I was wearing my sunglasses when my eyes started t o hurt. ii) Wh en my eyes started to hurt, I wore my sunglasses. a) Whi le I was wearing my sunglasses, I go t sore eyes. b) My eyes hurt so I pu t on my sung lasses.

D

4 i)

D

When I spoke to John, he looked at his newspaper. ii) D When I spoke to John , he was looking at his newspaper.

a) He didn't want to speak to me.

b) I interrupted his read i ng.

99

Practice

• Past perli ct or past

simpl~

3/' Use the prompts to complete the pairs of sentences. Use the past perfect in one sentence and the past simple in the other. When I got to Victoria station, a) the nine o'clock tra in (already/leave).

• Past simple. past continuous or past perfect 4> Complete the texts, putting the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous or past perfect.

.J~.~.~!.~~.~.~~!~J~.rr.~.~~..~~.t!..~.k.~!!.~.Y..~~~ ................. b) I (wait) for the nine thirty tra in.

.J.w.~!~~J9.r..t~~.~.,~~.*~r:.tJl..~r.~!~.: ........................... I didn't phone Libby to tell her I'd be late

because ...

a] I (cannot] remember her phone number.

When il ....... 9.~~ ....... (get) hom e yesterday, my father

b) I (forget) to bring my address book with me.

1.....................................

(lie) on the sofa. There

2........ ........................ .....

(be) a newspaper in his lap but

he

J ..................................................

the TV 2 When the train arrived at Brighton station, a) Libby (already/drive) home.

Dad

4.....................................

(not read) it. A man on

(talk) about football, but

5.............................................. ........................

(not watch)

the program me. He 6..................................... (fa ll) asleep.

b) I (take) a taxi to Libby's house.

After I

7..................................................

(turn off) the TV,

I 8..................................... (wake) him up.

3 Luckily, I remembered the way to her house because ... a) I (know) it was near the hospital.

~

Woul d you like to come to the park with us for a picnic?

~~~

b) I (be) there before.

4 I got out of the taxi and found Libby holding a

ladder. . a) She (lose) her front door keys. I

b) She (look) extremely annoyed .

9.....................................

yesterday as I

(mee t) Martha and Kate

10.. .......... .. ... ... ... .. ..... .......

(walk) home from

the sw imming pool. They had j ust come out of the 5 She climbed through her bedroom window ...

a) which luckily she (leave) open .

supermarket. They

11.... ....................................................

to the park fo r a picnic and t hey (ask) me to go with th em. I

b) and she (open) the front door for me.

(want) to go bu t I

12....................................

13............................................. ..

14.................................................................

(arrange) to meet Vicky at th e cinema so I 15.....................................

100

(go)

(sa y) no.

Practice • Past simple. past continuous or past perfect

5 / Circle the correct option for each gap. Then write the words in the gaps.

When

ra ig

Myers .....~~.':'.~~~..... his re taurant, he

g I II lor a v ry go d price becau'e it I ......................................

empty for lw years. Nobody

w. nt d to buy the pia 'e because people said that it had a gho t. The ghost was a lady in a long green

dr 'S~ who

1. ........................... ..........

a singer in the

restaurant years before People said that one night, on l1"f way home from the restaurant, the singer I ......................................

liif~

.lf1d into the ea

her car off the road, over some

II w. Nobody had ever seen

the ing r live again . I eaple said they had seen her gh ) t, but Cra ig

He woke up in hosp ital. Two polic officers 12.....................................

4....................................................

in the room with him

in

'We need t ask you sam q uestions, ' hey suid .

ghosts 5 he wasn'l worried.

'who was the woman in the ar with

Three man hs ait r he ~ ...................................... the

y

u ? We

haven't been able to fi nd her since the .led enl. '

re L.lurilnl, Cr ig op ned it again. He called it '1

The Green Lady.

13 ......................................

anyone w ith ITIe in

the car,' Craig answered.

b......................................

r taurant

open for six

munths when J trange thing happened. It was a

turciay night. Everybody had left and Craig

'Yes, you did,' the you nger p lic offi er sai

'We

14 . .....................................

saw her. She 7....................... no . . . . . . . . .

behind you and we both

15......................................

a green dress.'

up the restaurant

Suddenly he h ilrd a woman inging in the

dinlllg room. She

II......................................

a

traditional !long ailed 'Gr ensleeves' . Craig went inlo Ih dintng fOum. The voice was

louder there, bu t the ro m was mpty. Craig fj ...................... ...............

record ~r • nd th

the re lauranL tape

radio in the kitchen, but they

wer both switched off. He ouldn'l stop the strange Singing but he didn't teel very worried. H

IU

...................... w .......... .

up the restaurant,

got Into hi car and tarted to drive hom . On the way home, he d

II ......................................

leep and cra~hed hi:. l:ar into a tree.

a) was buying 1 a) was being

2 a) was 3 a) was driving 4 a) doesn't believe 5 a) didn't buy 6 a) had been 7 a) tidied 8 a) was si nging 9 a) was checking 10 a) locked 11 a) was falling 12 a) had sat 13 a) didn't have 14 a} drove 15 a) wore

b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b} b)

had bought ecl bought) c) was had been c) had been has been c) has driven had driven didn't believe c) wasn't bel ieving was buying c) had bought c) was has been had ti died c) was tidying c} had sung sang had ch ecked c) checked c) had locked was locking fe ll c) had fallen c) were sitting sat c) wasn't having hadn't had c) were driving had driven c} had worn was wearing 101

4

Future with will/won't Positive statemen

• We use will:

I'll (will) meet you at six o'clock.

- to make predictions, e.g. Dinner will be ready at seven o'clock, - to make a decision or choice, e.g. I'll have an egg sandwich, please. - to rna ke prom ises, e,g. We'll be very quiet. - to make threats, e.g. Yo u'll be sorry. • We also use will/ won't to give opinions after verbs such as be sure, think, know and hope, e.g . I know you 'll enjoy this book.

Negative statements She won't (wil l not) be late,

Questions Will you call me later?

Short answers Positive

Negative

Yes, I wi ll .

No, I won't.

• We do not use will to talk about arrangements, e.g. What are you doin g tonight? (not Viila t will YOti do teRifjW)

Future with may/might

Take your key. I might/may be out when you get back.

You can borrow my sleeping bag but It might/may not

b very clean.

• We use may an d might to ta lk about possible futu re events. Th ere is no difference between may and might in t his case.

Future with going to • We use going to + ve rb:

Itive statements I'm going to see Judy soon.

You're gO ing to be late.

She's going t walch the football match.

Negative statements

I'm not going 0 see Tim for some time,

You aren't going to get there by three.

She isn't going to do her homework.

Questions

Am I going Lo need a bigger suitcase?

Are you going to take her a present?

Is she going to wear her helmet?

- to make predicti ons about t he immediate future, parti cularly when we already have evide nce of what is going to happen, e.g . Look at those clouds. It's going to rain. - to talk about fi xed plans and fu ture intentio ns, e.g. I'm going to buy a camera before the trip. • Going to go is not very comm on. The present contin uous is more common, e.g. We're going swimming in th e lake (not We 're going to go 5wimming in the lakc.)

Short answers

Positive Yes, you are. Yes, I am. Yes, she is.

Negative No, you aren't No, I'm not. No, she isn't.

Future with present continuous Dave's meeting me at the ci nema at seven thirty. What are you doing on Friday evening?

102

• We use the presen t conti nuous to talk about definite fu t ure arrangements. Th is ten se is common with t ime phrases.

Practice

Will/won't or (not) going to

1 / Circle the appropriate form t o complete the responses.

• Going

to or present continuous

2>Put the conversation in order. Then rewrite it, putting the verbs in brackets into the present continuous where possible. Where it isn't possible, use going to.

o Nothing yet. (I/get) her som ethin g in New York.

D

I am, too. By the way, what (you/give) her?

[II Hi, Maria. (you/walk) to the bus stop?

o Lucky you. Now let's wal k a bit faster. (We/miss) our bus. o N ext week.

D

o

D

A: What are you doing with that bucket?

/'/I ~'m going to)give the dog a bath.

Yes. It's Kate's birthd ay and (I/get) the bus to her house. Si lver earrings. What abou t you? When (you/go) to New York?

Maria:

2 .................................................. ........................ ...........

David:

3 ....................... ............................................. .................

Maria:

4 ................................................. ................. ...... ........... ..

David:

5 ... ................... ...... ................. ................. .......................

Maria:

6 ....... . .. ... .. ............. ........... . ... .. .. ... .................................. .

David:

7 ............... . ......................................... .. ..................... ... ..

Maria:

0 .............. ................................................................... .. ..

A: How are you feeling now? B: I th ink I'll / I'm going to be sick. 2 A: Liz and Andy are always together these days. B: Yes. They'll/ They're going to get married. 3 A: Let's get the seven o'clock bus. B: OK. I'll/I'm going to meet you at the bus station at quarter to seven. 4 A: Can you give me a lift to Lucy's party? B: No problem. I'll/I'm going to pick you up at eight. 5 A: I ca n't tell you the latest news about Eddie and Rose. It's a secret. B: Please tell me. I promise I'm not going to / I won't tell anyone else. 6 A: Why can't you come to the match tomorrow? B: I told you. We'll / We're going to have lunch with my cousins in Cambridge. 7 A: Have a fantastic weekend! B: Same to you. And /'I( / I'm going to see you on Monday. 103

-

---

. Practi:ce ­

-

---

-

• 'ff/will/won t or present continuous

3 ,/ Complete the sentences with a verb from the box, using 'II/ will/won't or the present continuous. • win • be • pass • happen • do • go • cost • have

-

• hurt stay

G·

• 'II/will/won't or might/might not

4> Match the statements with the responses. Then write the responses out in full. using '/I/wifl/won't or might/might not Did you phone Keith?

1II

..... ~~r.!'Y,.JiC!.r9.fJJ: ..e!!.p.h~~.~..~f.'!! ..r}!?'!:...........................

1 Have you seen my rollerblades?

o

2 Where are you going in the summer holidays?

D

3 Could you post this letter for me?

D

4 Do you think she'll win the 100 metres?

0

5 What time is the rehearsa l on Monday?

0

6 How about some choco late cake with cream?

0

You can borrow my rollerblades if you like.

I ~p..!.'.~~.!!.~!!.l9....... them for the next few days. , He ................................. to Brighton next weekend to visit his uncle.

2 The forecast says it .............................. cold and win dy tomorrow with rain in the afternoon.

3 ' ................................ you ............................... anything next weekend?'

'Yes. I ............................................. at home and

watching videos:

7 How will we get to the station tomorrow morn ing?

4 She's worried about her driving test She's sure she .............................................. .

5 I'm going to X-ray your foot. Don't worry, it .............................................. .

6 This jacket needs cleaning. How much .............................. it .............................. ? 7 Who do you th ink ...................... ........ the next World Cup? 8 'What would you like to drink?' 'I .............................. an orange juice, please: 9 I'm sorry about being late yesterday. I promise it ......................................................... again. 104

a) We haven't really decided yet. We (go) to the US. (bJ Sorry, I f orgot I (phone) him now.) c) Act ually, I! t hink th e director is ill. There (be) one on Monday. d) Sure. I (do) it on my way to school. e) No problem. My parents (t ake) us on their way to work. f) No, t hanks. I (have) a dessert. I'm fu ll. g) No. I'm sure she (win). Sh e isn't very fit. h) No, bu t they (be) in t he hall cupboard.

D

Practice

, I'm going to take my mum on a fabulous holiday to the Seychelles this summer.'

A eventeen-year-old London schoolgirl, Su anna Lownde , won the Face of the Year award in London last night. Tomorrow, usanna

will

collect

her $25.000 prize in New York and sign a year's conlfHct with Ihe ag.ency

ited. Susanna told our

reflurtcT 'I'm missing three day. of ~cho

lots of money:

I tlli week. I I..................................

my mum. The priL.e-giving dinner

15 on Thursday. Lots of t'amous people

I

12....................................................

young and beautiful so ['\Ie Jel'idt:J that

do Wilh her prize money. 'J m going to

r IJ ................................................... sum.:

lake my mum on a fabulous holiday

of my prize money for a rainY dllY.'

to

the SeycheUes this summer and ['m going

t New York by Com::orde tomorrow Yo ilh

10•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Suoanna has aLread decided what. to

Top Models 'J m ~ll e

next year. I might not ha\'t! the right I ok

weekends. It'U be fun and hopefuUy I

Susanna's mOlher i. delighted with

to buy myself some new clothes. I'm also

her daughter's succe s. ' uccess

going to give some to charity. BUl I'm

14.....................................

going

Mrs Lowndes says. ' usanna will always

10

'ave most of It. J "......................

............................ any modelling work

heT chanu;ter:

be. en.1ble and hard-working: •

'................................. to il On Friday. I ..................................... clothe at the top of the Empire tale buiiUing for

• Might, will/won 'f, going to or present

/"/lIIr magazine.'

Next month, usanna

..................... the deSIgner Karl Lorrin

In

Pari!;. 'I 5.................................... sign a ~lIrurat:1

\!at'

lie~

j"

g lOt,! It) .:ontinue with

at Kingston Pllrk School next

I ..................................................

leave school yet. I'm definitely going t

I

takl: my

levels next year and I

I..................................... go t.o .!Ir~r

Ihot - it' ll depend

rc.!~ulLs .

a) won't

b....... " ...........................

I'm l;ulI n w t.1I Ibis bw ioess:

Susanna her ,IU

5> Circle the correct option for each gap. Then write the words in the gaps.

with him: she says. 'but I'm nol

ure. t agent dC\;id~

continuous

4..................... ..

011

university

my exam

While I'm slill at school,

I!)........................._................. .. IIlI.dclling in the holiduys Olnd al the

1 a) 'II fly

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

a) a) a) a) a) a) a} a) a) a) a) a) a)

are coming 'II model met might mightn't 'm not going to might 'm not doing 'm earning might not get 'm not always won't keep won't change

( b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b) b)

c) might will ) c) might fly 'm flyin g c) won 't come wi ll come c) 'II have modell ed 'm modelling c) will meet has met c) won't migh tn't c) will might c) mightn't will c) won't 'II c) 'm going to do won't do c) won't earn 'II earn c) might get 'm not getting won' t always be c) 'II always be c) 'm going to keep might keep mightn't change c) will change 105

Unit 6

Cl auses and linkers of contrast: although, however, in spite of/despite Although that shop IS a bit expensive, I like it.

I like thal shop allhough it's a bit expensive.

It's a wonderful city for shops and nigh life. However, the

pub lic transport is very expensive.

In spite of having very little money, he had a brilliant

time in dmburgk

Despite haVing very little money, he had a brilliant

time in Edinburgh.

He had a brilliant time in Edinburgh in spite of

havfn g ve.ry little money.

He had a bril liant time in Edinburgh despite having

very li ttle money.

I ilke Scotland In spite of the weath r.

I like Scotland despite the weather.

106

• Although introduces a clause and is follo wed by a su bject and a verb.

• When t he Although cl ause comes fi rst, it is followed by a comma . • The lin ke r However starts a new sentence and is followed by a comma. • However is much more common in wri tten Engl ish t ha n in spoken Eng lish. In spoke n English, it is very forma l.

. The lin kers in spite of and despite are foll owed by a gerund (- ing form) or by a noun. • When the In spite of/Despite phrase com es first in a sentence, it is fo llowed by a co mma. • In spite of is more common tha n Despite.

Practice

• linker: aft/l0ugh

I

>Complete the sentences using

llthough and a sentenc.e from the box.

)se capital letters and commas ",here necessary.

• linkers: in spite of and despite + noun

2>

Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box. • her doctor's advice

• her ag e (. t he noise)

• the number • the rubb ish • th e weather • the traffic • the time • th eir disa greement My parents slept well in spite of .... ~~~.~2!!.~.... we were making dow nst airs with our elect ric guitars. We arrived in time for th e fl ig ht desp ite ............................................... on the road to t he ai rport. 2 We decided to queue for tickets fo r t he Texas concert despite .................................................. of people in the queue at the ticket office.

(she'd known him a long time) Rob had only seen Linda in a photo (I don't have any money to spend) I hadn't invited him to mine I don't usually read the articles she was very tired he'd had a breakfast at seven the train was about to leave She didn't re Complete the sentences in the explorer's notebook using although or in spite of. Moxd~ Sf'&<

M(MI

We've tiedrAeA to hearJ....jrrrfhe -top of Mor..nt A~plArna ........ ~.~~h9.H9.~....... JtfCk ~v(t foelAttj l)e..(y wetA.. at the momettt. rrid~ 7tYt M~ 1•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

ser-ious ~iffi"aA.U;iesI



we..

reacJted. the p€ak aJ 2 p.wt. flnAay r ~tt( a pit wurried about JP.ck l •....•.•.•••..........••.••••..••••

he says he i5 jeelArtg b~fmia.Jf' 2 I went to bed early last night but I still feel tired today. (in spite of)

~"ttda.y. q+h M~

We. are. now Ol't. tJU.f ~y ~QWYt..

1...................................

the

3 She has an exam tomorrow morning but she's going to a party tonight. (in spite of)

4 We know the city well but we got lost on the way to the castle. (despite)

5 Although he plays in a band three nights a week. he still gets good grades at school. (in spite of)

6 I wrote down the rehearsal time but I completely forgot to go. (despite)

;6 5MU~. ~ck. the C01t?-. ~u. tAay.

SlUt

htl~ comp~iMed about W~ne?dtw. 12th M~

In the. 1/i,(kAge, of k'amtlA(() 4................................... my IAmited lGfI(JWled.je of t{ep~leseJ r ~aA1~9u( to PlAy same JuurA' We tAte tJU(' w.mcn bi{ ~ deep rodComplete the letter with as + adjective/

adverb, or the comparative/superlative fo rm.

1Jear emily) I hope /JtJU're hQuing 0 nice time In Spain. 1m on holir.hJj in Scot/and near l.txh Fi.Jne.(Loch meons /.alre, by the wag) I Mink lJ,is is one of .~~!:.."E~~.~~~~ifi.!.~ .. (beautiful)

or

1 2 3 4 5

Age Accidents Top speed Crashes Cost of car Car breakdowns Prize money

36 6

320kph 2

$4m 3 $10m

places in Britain. amrse the weather isn't ....~~.~.~L .. (hot) as in Spain but the water in the loch is much ~ ~~Xp.~r. . (warm) 'mel I ............... ............ . . .. ... ... . .. ........ .. (easy) to get intxJ than I expected. Don't be Jealous but 1m stoying in q castle. YES.~II' II mal co~i£. My uncle Steve} who is une of 2 ..... .... .. .. .. .............

..................................................... (lucky) pet7p~ In the wurld, Wtm 15 miUiqn ill the lott.ery and Ixvght it tiS 0 holiday ht11Tle!.~1 MIJ f'tXJrn is ................................................ (high) one in the castle and ii has 4 .. . .. .. .. . .... ...... ..... ... .... .... ... ........... .. ... ......... .

34 12 314kph 10 $7m 2

$2m

lo ld) Sochmacher is a bit older than Kikkonen .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 • • • • 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 • • •

(spectacular) view

I've ever seen. I get up



(have accidents/freque nt) Kikkonen .. ~.~~.~!:~~~~~.~~.p..~!:~..p..~r.~fr.~q!:'.~~~w. .......... than Sochmacher.

5 ....................................................

(d rive/fast)

and go fur a jag euvy mqrning.

Sochmacher ..........................................................................

2 (drive/dan gerous) Kikkonen ................................................................................

3 (have/a n expensive car)

Kikkonen ................................................................................

4 (car/perfo rm we ll)

Kikkonen's .............................................................................

5 (be/rich)

Sochma ch er ..........................................................................

112

(early) than everyone elst.

Haw's the summer Job going? fire you wurking 6 .. ................................................. (hard) as last fji!4r?Or have you 11M time to go tD d'/t~t club C4iJed Whispers? Is the beach 7 ......... .... .... ,............ .. .................. (crowded) as lost year? Does that Californian guy called UJI(e jec-ski II..... ...... ............ ......... ... .. .............. (dangerously) os last !JetV.' My COUSin Tim is 9............ .................................... (boring) i:his fjetlr thtln last year: He isn't 10.... . .. .. ........... .. ......................

(relaxed) as he WQS last summer dnd he seems to be

Wing his sWdies much II ................................. ... ..... ............. .

(seriously) than befure.

See you S«m .

Lots ot ltwe,

SerentJ

Practice • Must{n't) or don't have to 5/ Complete the teacher's rules about safety in the laboratory, using must{n't} or don't have to.

• Obligation, prohibition, need or advice

6> Complete the sentences with the words in the box. • mustn't • mustn't • had better • shouldn't • don't have to shou ld) • have to

You .......~~~:~...... enter the laboratory

without permission.

C·

You .................................................. eat or drink in

the lab.

­

•

2 You .................................................. bring your own lab coat. There are some In the cupboard.

Pure Wool

3 You .................................................. wear safety

glasses during ALL experiments.

4 You .................................................. play around in

.'

the lab. S If you have long hair, you ........................................

3

tie it back.

6 You ........................................... ....... never walk

away from an experiment that you have

started.

7 You .................................................. bring your own ca lculators. We can provide them. 8 If you spill or break anything, you

.................................................. tell me.

9 You .................................................. clean all your equipment after use.

5

r-------------~

NO

6

10 You .................................................. write the results of your experiments In th e lab. You can do that in the library if you prefer. 11 You .................................................. behave safely and sensibly at all times. 12 You .................................................. leave at three

thirty if you haven't finished. The technician will be here until five o'clock.

SMOKING For best resu Its, you .............~.~~~!!!. ................ wash this sweater by hand. 2 You .......................................... take a handkerchief because it will make you cry. 3 You .......................................... be at least eighteen years old to see this horror film. You probably .......................................... see it on your own are the nervous type.

if you

4 You .......................................... pay before eleven.

5 You .......................................... smoke in this building.

6 You ................................. park here. 113

Practice • Time clauses wi h wilen, as soon as 3:;" Combine the sentences using the given time phrases. You'll arrive in India soon. You must send me your address immediately.

• If or when

4> Complete the sentences, circling when or if and putting the verbs in brackets into the present tense or the future tense with 'II/won't.

.. X~~.. ~.~~.~~~.~.p.~.y.~~!:..~~~~~~ .............. as soon as

.. JI.~'l..~r.r.~r.~. fn. ~rJ.~!!!.: ...........................................................

He's going to phone louise. He'll ask her about the computer. When .................................................................................... ..

2 I'm leaving school soon . Then I'm going to Australia. As soon as .............................................................................

3 I'm going on holiday next week. Can you look after my cat?

when .................................................................................... ?

4 Jack will arrive soon. Please call me immediately.

as soon as .............................................................................

5 We're moving to Edinburgh soon. I won't know anyone. ....................................................................................... when

6 She's goi ng to arrive in a minute. Let's all sing Happy Birthday.

as soon as .............................................................................

7 She'll be seventeen soon. She's going to take driving lessons. When ......................................................................................

8 I'm nearly eighteen. Then I'll be able to vote.

when .......................................................................................

116

I .'~~ ...... (dream) about you (when)'if I .. fl.'!... (go) to bed tonigh t. I'm goi ng to Canada next wee k. Wh en/If I ................................... (be) t here, I ................................... (visit) my frien d Sue.

2 When/If t he weather ................................... (get) wo rse later, she probabl y ........................................... (not take) us to the swimming pool. 3 Nei l might co me rou nd this evening. When/lfhe ............................ (come). we ........................................... (not be able) to go to the ci nema. 4 Andy is goi ng to send me a postca rd when/If he ................................... (arrive) in New York. 5 Wh en/If he ................................... (have) to work

late, he ................................... (miss) t he party.

6 I ................................... (make) t he tea when/If

the wa ter ................................... (boil).

7 Wh en/ If you ................................... (pay) for my coffee today, I ..................................... (pay) for yours tomorrow. 8 Wh en/If I ..................................... (go) to San Francisco next t ime, I ................................... (not stay) at t hat hote l aga in.

Unit 9

Relative clauses wIth who{m}, which,

that, where; whose Defining They're looking for omeone who can speak French .

The man (who/whom) I wanted to see wasn 't there

I don't like books which/that have sad endings

Th hotel Iwhich/tha ) we stayed at had a view of the sea.

The cupboard in which the videos are kept is

a ways locked.

The cupboard (which) the videos are kept in is

always locked.

The club where I met Roberro was called Dr Sound

The ,I wI ose flat I'm staying In is on holiday in Mexico.

• Defini ng relative clauses gi ve essential information. They do not have co mmas. • In defin in g re lative clauses, we use who(m), whose or that to refer to people, which or that to refer to t hings and where to refer to places. • Prepositions can be placed in front of the definin g relative pronou ns whom and which or at the end of the re la tive clause. It is more formal to put t he preposition in front of the pron oun. The room which I slept in had a wonderful view is less forma l than The room in which I slept had a wonderful view. The man whom I gave the letter to had a strange face, is less formal th an The man to whom { gave the letter had a stra nge face. • When that and who are used with prepositions, the prepositio n must be placed at the end of the defi ning re lative cl au se, e.g. Th e room that I slept in had a wonderful view. The man that/ who I gave the letter to had a strange face. • Whom, that or which can be omi tted if they are the object in a defining relat ive clause.

Non-defining

My Sister Anlla, who lives," New York, is a photographer.

Peter, whose fa ther works for a record company, often gets

fft concert l·ckets.

Jim told us about hiS holiday job, which he's enjoYing

v ry much.

Th match, in which I played very badly, lasted an hour..

I'd like 0 visit Perlh, where one of my cousins lives.

• Non -defi ning rela tive cla uses, which give ext ra informatio n and which can be left out, have a comma before the relat ive cl ause an d a comma or fu ll stop after it. • We can not use that in non- defin ing relative clau ses. We have to use who, whom, whose or which. • We ca n never om it th e re lative prono un in a non-definin g relative clause.

• Whom can be used instead of who as t he object of the verb in a relative clause. It is more forma l tha n who. • Whose is used mostly fo r people and sometimes fo t" an imals. It is never used fo r objects.

117

Grammar highlights

Present perfect simple and continuous Present perfect simple Positive statements You've been to India three times.

She's hved in Paris for SIX months.

He's had a motorbike for year.

I 's the best film I've ever seen.

Negative statements You haven't visited China yet. ~ hasn't used it much recently.

Questions Have you had your photos developed yet? Has he. decided to buy a car instead?

Short answers Positive Ye , I have. Yes, he has,

Negative No, I haven'L No, he hasn't

Present perfect continuous Positive statements You've been drawing and painting a lot recently. 's been ta lking on lhe phone for ages now.

N yative statements ou haven 't be n reading much recently. He hasn't been watching the film with us.

Questions lav you been taking many photographs? Has he been chatting to hiS new girlfriend?

Short answers Positive y ~, have. es, he has.

11 a

Negative No, I haven'l No, he hasn't.

• We use the present perfect simple wi t h j ust, already, yet, ever, never, so for.

• We use th e present perfect simple to ta lk about how many tim es someth ing has happened, e.g. He's been there lots of times. • We use the present perfect simple with superlatives. • We use the present perfect ontinuous with How long, fora nd since and some other time expressi ons to talk about events t hat started in the past and are still going on, e.g. I've been reading this book fo r six hours / since ten o'clock.

• We can use the present perfect con tinuous or simple with How long, for and since and the verbs live, work and study, e.g. I've been working in France for three months, or I've worked in France since August / for th ree months.

• We have to use the present perfect simple with How long, fo r and since an d certain verbs not norm ally used in the co ntinuous tenses such as know, like, love, hate, have, e.g. I've known Lucy for three years. I've had t his tennis racket for two years.

• We use the present perfect continuous to descri be an action in the past that has co ntributed to a situation in the present, e.g. She's very tired. She hasn't been sleeping well lately.

• In general, we use th e present perfect simple when we are in terested in the result of an activity. We use the presen t perfect continuous when we are interested in the activity not the resu lt, e.g. I've made three cakes this afternoon (= present perfect), and I've been making cakes this afternoon (= presen t perfect co nt inuous) .

Practice • Non-defining relative clauses 1 / Match the incomplete sentences to the Extra Facts. Check your answers. Then complete each sentence with a relative clause. Use where, who, whose or which.

••••••••• ••••• • ••• •• • ••••• •••••••

THE SNAPSHOT FILM, FACTFILE • •••• • • ••• • ••••• • ••• • • •••••• • ••••

a) It starred Gwyneth Palt row. (b) Many American fi lms are made here. ) c) He died in a car crash in 1955 aged twenty-four. d) He received almost $20 million fo! Rambo III. e) Her rea l name was Norma Jean Mortenson. fl His fi lms include Jaws, IT an d Jurassic Park. g) He was created by Wa lt Disney in 1928. h) Many fi lm stars have thei r homes here. i) They are prizes in t he film in dustry.

fbl

Hol lywood• ..~~~r.~.~~~y..A~.f!!.~~~.~fi..~m~............



5

D James Dean,

...............................................................

... ~~.'!..'!:!~.~~....... is in California.

D Academy Awards,

.................., was th e star of Rebel Without A Cause.

.....................................................

.......... ............................................................................, are some Imes called Oscars.

15

0 ~

2

D Shakespeare in Love, ................................................

.......~ .............................................., won seven Oscars.

3

0

Marilyn Monroe, .......................................................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. •• -. ••••••••••••••• u • •• u u . , ....... t ................. ,

died in 1961.

7

Steven Spielberg, ......................................................

0 Sylvester Sta ll one, .................................................... .......... ..... ............................ .. .............................. .........,

".,.,

,."

,

,

,.-

is one of the world's best-paid actors. ................................................, started making films at high s.chool.

8

D

Mickey Mouse, .......................................,...................

. ..................................... , ....................................... n.' ••••••• _ ........ ,

4

0

Beverly Hills, ..............................................................

..............................................................................., is right next to Los Angeles.

is the world's most popu lar cartoon character. 58 'PL ';)9

'J')

'41> '1£ 'ez 'I l :SJaMsu\f

119

Practice

• Present perfect SImple or present perfect continuous

2/' Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun each time. If it is possible to omit the relative pronoun, write it in brackets. We stayed at a hotel in Tanzania. It had a view of

Lake Manyara.

.r.~~.~.'?f.~!..f.~I.!!f~!~!J.~J. ..W.~.~9Y.~t!..~..~IJ.T~~~.~~.~~ ......

.~.9.t!...~.~~..9fJg~~.Mg~!l~.r:~~ ...........,....... .......................

We drove down a road to get to the hotel. It was rocky. The road .................................................................................

3/ Use the prompts to write questions and answers with How manV? and How long? films/she/act in? six; seven years

How many .. fi..~'E~.!!.~~.~~~..'!:~~~J']!.. .............................. She's aded in six• How long ....~~.~.~~.~.~~~~..~~!.~9.? ....................................

..§!!.~:~..~~~~ ..'!:~!~!Jfo.r..~~~!!.Jl.~.'!.r.~:................................... books/she/write? th ree ; ten years How many .............................................................................

2 A man owned the hotel. He was very interested In wi ldlife.

How long ...............................................................................

The man ................................................................................. 2 pizzas/he/cook? fou r; one hour 3 The hotel had a restaurant. You could eat Tanzanian food there. The hotel had a restaurant .... ..........................................

4 Some rooms didn't have air conditioning. They got

very hot at night.

How many .............................................................................

How long ...............................................................................

3 kilometres/they/cycle? thirty; B a.m. How many .............................................................................

The rooms ............,................................................................. How lon g ............................................................................... 5 We saw wild animals in the Serengeti Park. These were elephants, zebras and giraffes.

4 games/they/play? five; four thi rty How man y .............................................................................

The wild animals ................................................................ . How long ...............................................................................

5 shirts/he/iron? ten ; he got up How many .............................................................................

How long ...............................................................................

6 pictures/he/pa int ? t hree; four hours

How many .............................................................................

How long ............................................................................... 120



• Relative pronouns

• Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous 4> Match the interview questions and the

actor's answers. Then complete the answers,

putting the verbs into the present perfect

simple or continuous.

• Present perfect simple or present perfect continuous

5

>

Complete the sentences with who, whom, whose, where or which, and the present perfect simple or continuous of the verbs in brackets.

~uest\ans Skiing is one sport ... I (never/be) good at

2

III ~ou tDDk di~re(\~-roAa~. W~ is *,,,\? 0 How do ~ Ije~ on un", Ju\io. 'RDnins?

3

D

What's the name of the boy ... Oust/move in) upstai rs?

w'nen an~ ~ou 9"inq -\0 s~rl- wcr\c.. on 'Aoo,,",e.t

l...UeJdAng' ~ When diel ~u meet lit h.tr\e'j~ 5 D ls lit ',U at ~e mcM\a\t ~ 6 D "lou're lao\ci~ summer. \t"ve ~ OW'lllm'\:A,,'l O'\If?

-

~~H~9..!~.~.~~.~p.~.'1..~h.~f.~ ..~:r.~.r!.~.'!.'!!:..~~~I)..9.9.~.c!.~: ......

2 I (lose) t he book ... I was read ing this morning.

R"SWe.Complete the second sentence so that it has a

similar meaning to the first sentence. using the correct form of the words in brackets. The rules say that students must not chew gum anywhere in the schoo l. (allow) Students .....~r.~':'.~~.!!!.~f!.~~~..~~ .~~~~.9.':!.'!.! .... anywhere in the school. She has to get home before midn ight. (allow) She .......................................................................................... stay out after midnigh t.

2 My parents' rule is that I have to do the washing up every night. (make) My parents ............................................................................ every night.

3 In the army we had t o get up at f ive o'clock every I'm not surprised you're feeling sick. You ..~~9.~.~.~~.~~.~.~~~.~~.~~,}... so much cake

moming. (ma ke) In t he army they ................................................................. at five o'clock every morn ing.

We had a brill iant time last night. You ....................... ..... .................................................................... home early.

2 Tha

raffic light was red. You ........................................

4 My parents won't allow me to borrow the car tonight. (let) My parents ...........................................,................................ tonight.

3 The director was angry that you didn' t come. You

....................................................................... the rehearsal.

4 They lost the match. They ................................................

.................................................................................... harder.

5 Why didn't she pass after all her work? She ..............

6 Come on! We're leaving in fifteen minutes. You

You .......................................................................................... in this park. 6 At my last schoo l t hey let us wear make-up and jewellery. (allow) At my last school we ......................................:.................. make- up an d jewellery.

really ..................................................................... your bag by now.

7 Th e ru le was that we ha d to eat everythi ng on our· plates. (m ake)

7 I'm not surprised t hey're getting divorced. They .......

They .........................................................................................

................................................................................... married at seventeen. 8 It's raining now. Do you think we ................................ .. ............................................................ a lift to that poor hitchhiker tha t we saw at the petrol station? 9 Those tourists missed the best bit of the tour. They ......................................................................................... the old city.

128

5 Do not play football in thi s park. (al low)

everything on our plates. 8 You won't be all owed t o leave early. (let) They ............................................................................. early.

Practice

• Verbs make, ler and be aJ/owed to

Sunnybank Camp

4> Read Rebecca's notes below. Then complete

by Rebecca Wa re

her essay on the right with made us/let us or weren't' allowed.

~

[ went to Sunnybank, a summer camp on the coa'it of D

~f ,

t . summer. llwas a great experience and [ made lots of new [nends. There were quite a few rules although [ thought that most of them were quite reasonable.

They .................... made us td , I ) our rooms every day. But I! did n't take Chloe and me very long because we're both quite ti y. The best thmg was that they .)~.I!.~... leave the camp in the

evellIngs and go into the nearest town, Lyme RegiS. Of cou~.

we had to ask permission first and we weren't allowed .

......... _............ to

stay out after eleven o'clock. ..... We 1.......................................... . to have pani . in our rooms generally, but they 2........................ _ ............... have

parties for special occasions if we asked pennission first. or example, Chloe had her binhday while we were at summer

We~t# ...

camp and they

·:::rk~~~~

~t1.~

• I..J.p witt tk. ~ cma ~ ~ -~~~tiL~

.IJ:.w .in.:tJ..... ~f'IAT1l1..d

• ~ 4.I.fJ d ~ ~tUI;)

3.......................................... .

litlle party for her. But it ended quite early because we 4

........................................... to play any music after eleven o'clock. In some summer camps you can't choose who you want to share you r room \\~ th but at Sunnybank they 5..........................................

(if ~ WDAti:.U£

have a

choose our roommates.

That was great because Chloe and [ already knew each other and wanted to share. We did lots of things together.

'C I)'one had to

h lp on the camp and there was a list of names and things we had

Wt~lt ...

• ~ tnd

a./tu

to do each day. For example, they 6................................ ........

~ ()'~

.~~u..tNr~ ~~

and I always did that together. Once a week the)' 7 ........................................... help with the cooking and we



· M~4tu~td~ • .wu J:k JnmI;s ~ ~ W~

usually asked to do that together, too. Every day they 8........................................... choose for ourselves the sports and activities we wanted to do. One day we made a raft 1 But we 9................................... ........ to go

couU. ...

• ~tk.~iAtk.~

a/-tu~~

• ~ wIt..o we ~ k .s.ke a. t't1'I:m\.-wiiA

out on the raft or boats without asking permission first. One thing that I didn't like at Sunnybank was 10................... ....... .................

thaI they

lay the table and wash the

dishes twice a week. [ have to do that at home e cry da~ and I

.~~~.we~ ;l;orJ".,

• ~.in..kJ, ~ ~

organise games for the younger kids in the afternoons and Chloe

'I ~

~t~~a.d





don't like doing it on my holid3)'. Probably the worst rule was that they " ........................................... get up at eight 111 the morning [or breakfast. We complained a lot and in the end they changed the rule and they

1/. ......................................

stay

in bed until ten if we didn't want breakfast.

129

Uni 13

Verbs must/can't for drawing conclusions YOU\i been playing football all day. You must be

tired and hungry. It can't be an Ir1sect. It's ot eighr legs. I must be spid r.

Adjective word order Mana IS the one with short spiky hair. She's weanng a long black leather coa .

I'v got a beautiful 010 Chinese jewellery box.

• We can use must / can't + the verb be, or another verb, to make logical deduct ions about th present, e.g. She's on ly j ust moved to our area. She must be lonely. She can't have many new friends yet.

• Adjectives used together usua lly occu r in the

following order:

Opinion

POSlbv statements He ms{Jooks/sounds cl vcr. He ems/looks/sounds like an Interesting person. It s ems/looks/sounds as if she's working very hard. Negative statements

Th y on't eem/look/sound friendly.

S doesn't seem/look/sound like a student.

H doesn't seem/look! ound a5 if he IS enjoying himself.

Gu ions Do I 100 good in this jar et? Does sh,. sound like a nice person? Did h 5 em happy? Old th Ylook as i they were haVing fun?

no

Age

Style

Colour Origin

Material

black

leath

Purpose

old

Noun

hair

spiky

sh ort long

beautiful

Verbs seem, look, 50und + adjective or I'ke/as if

Size

Ch inese

jewellery

coat box

• The verbs seem, look and soun d ca n be followed by: - an adjective, e.g. She sounds American. , - like + a noun phrase, e.g. He looks like an Australian surfer. - as if + a clause, e.g. They look as if they've just had a fight.

• Some people use like + a clause after the verbs seem, look and sound, e.g. They look like they've just had a fight. However, it is best to avoid t his form in written English. Use as if instead.

Practice • Verbs must!can't for drawing conclusions

>

1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Use must be or can't be.

• Verbs must/can't for drawing conclusions

2> Match the responses to the statements. Then complete the responses with must or can't.

I'm sure you aren't hungry after eating all that cake.

......y.~!!..~.~!?:.t~.~...... hungry after eating all that cake.

Their car is here so I'm sure they're at home.

Their car is here so they ................................. at home.

2 It hasn 't got eight legs so I'm sure it isn't a spider. It hasn't got eight legs so It ................................. a spider. 3 I'm sure there are some biscuits in the packet I bought yesterday.

There ................................. some biscuits in the packet

I bought yesterday.

4 I'm sure she isn't Australian. She doesn't have an Australian accent She ................................. Australian. She doesn't have an Australian accent. 5 I'm sure you're j oking. I haven't got £',000 to lend you .

You ................................. joking. I haven't got £',000

to lend you.

6 The lig hts are on in his bedroom so I'm sure he

I didn't go to bed until fou r o'clock this morn ing.

1 I haven't had anythi ng to eat all day.

D

2 He says he's got your key.

4 I'm afraid I can't see a way through this forest.

D 0 D

5 Mr Lavender is in Aust ralia.

o

6 She says she lives in Chestnut Avenue.

D

3 Are John and Tessa the same age?

isn't asleep.

7 That restaura nt is nearly always empty.

The lights are on in his bedroom so he

8 The plane is about t o land.

................................. asleep. 7 I'm sure she's tired after driving all night.

She ................................. tired after driving all night. 8 I'm sure she doesn't have room in her flat for all six of us.

There ................................. room in her flat for all six

of us.

9 I'm sure she's wearing make-up. Her skin looks smoother than usual.

She ................................. wearing make-up. Her skin

looks smoother than usual.

[kJ

o o

a) It ......................... be very good.

eb) c)

Yo u ........~.~~........ be exhausted.) It ......................... be mine. Mine is in my pocket.

d) You ......................... be hu ng ry. e) There ......................... be a path somewhere.

f)

Then she ......................... be a neighbour of mine. That's where I live.

g) That ......................... be right. I saw him at the bus stop this morn ing. h) It ......................... be. We've only just taken off. i)

Th ey ......................... be. They've always been in the same class at sc:hool. 13 1

• Adjective word order

3> Write sentences by putting the words in the correct order and adding punctuation.

6 a / We lsh I bri efcase I cheap I middle-aged I He's I plasti c I with a

I ma n

He's .........................................................................................

7 blue / bowls / chicken

I delicio us I gave I in /Iarge

I She I soup I us She ..........................................................................................

• Verbs seem, look, sound + adjective or like/os if 4 > Complete the sentences with like or as if where necessary.

Australian / denim / man / in / jacket / tall/the

/ the / Who's

Who's ..~~~..~~~!..~.~~~~!f!.~ ..~f!.'.'..!.'.'..~~~.~~.'.'.~~j~.~~~!' ..

and / big I Lucy's

I blond I blue /

eyes / got long / hair

Lu( ;) ......................................................................................

2 and a / Irish accent / the man / hair / is / Jim / red / strong / with short Jim ...........................................................................................

3 an / blue / expensive / Italian / She's / suit / wearing She's ........................................................................................

My feet feel .. F~~

... blocks of ice.

That si nger sounds ........................ a dying cat.

2 She looks ........................ about eighteen. 3 You look ........................ tired. Didn't you sl eep last ni ght? 4 It looks ........................ summer has arrived. 5 She seemed ........................ totally miserabl e. 6 They look ........................ they have just ha d a fi gh t.

4 antique / beautifu l /bought / earrings / for her birthd ay /1/ silver / some I ................................................................................................

7 Those tourists sounded ........................ Scan dinavi an to me.

8 This cheese tastes ........................ soap. 9 You loo k .. ...................... you have just seen a ghost.

5 brown I Do I in I know / leath er I Span ish / student I t he / the / trousers / you / young Do ............................................................................................

10 I spoke to her on the phone and she so unded ........................ she had a bad cold. 11 He ph oned up and started shouting. He seemed ........................ very an gry. 12 You loo k ........................ a doctor in that whi t e coat.

132

unl

Verb used to Positive statements

I used to walk to school but now I take the bus. Negative statements My sister didn't use to like jazz but she does now

didn 't use to wear glasses. Negative No, he didn't.

Positive statements I'm used to wearing a uniform.

She's used to living in a big city.

They're used to looking after younger children.

Negative statements I'm flOt used to dOing homework every night. She Isn't used to living on h r own. ey aren't used to studying at weekends.

Questions Are you used to weartng a uniform to school?

Is she used to ge mg up early?

Are h y used to worKing hard?

Short answers

POSit v (es, I m Yes, she IS. Yes, they are.

Negative

No, I'm not.

No, she isn't.

No, they aren't

Clauses of purpose with to, in order 50

that

I shut th window to stop the flIes coming In.

In ord r to shu Ihe Window, I had to stand on a chair.

I had to stand on a chair in order to shut the window.

look my ho 0 f in order no to dirty the chair,

I hu the wmdow 0 that the flies couldn't/wouldn't

come m,

I stood on a chair so that I could reach the Window.

10k my sho

future form.

• In the question and negative forms, we delete the fi; e.g. Did you use to live in Australia? He

Verb be used to

(not) to,

• Used to refers to the past There is no present or • Used to is followed by an infinitive.

Questions Did he us to W ar glasses? Short answers Pos ttve Yes, he did.

• With used to we refer to habits or situations wh ich were true in the past but are not true now.

off so that the chair wouldn't get dirty.

• With be used to we refer to an activity or situation which is (or was) someth ing familiar to us.

• Be used to can refer to the present or the past, e.g. I'm used to driving on the left now. I wasn't used to driving on the left when I first came to Britain. • Be used to is followed by a noun or a gerund (-ing form). • We use get used to when we want to talk about the process of becom ing used to something, e.g.

When I went to Arizona, I couldn't get used to the heat. • We genera lly use get used to (not ae used ta) when we refer to the future, e.g. You'll soon get used to the Scottish accent. • Get used to is fo ll owed by a noun or a gerund

(-ing form). • We can use to and in order {not} to + the infinitive on ly when the subject of the main clause and the clause of purpose are the same.

• In order to is more formal th an to. • We ca n use so that when the subject of the main clause an d t he clause of purpose are the same and when t hey are different, e.g. I took my

biology book so that I could revise on the train. She wore her sunglasses so that nobody would recognise her.

133

Practice

• Verb be used to

>

1 Complete Miranda's letter to a teacher

at Kingswood School. where she used to be a

student. Use I'm (not) used to and the prompts.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

wear a uniform V­ work at night X going to bed at strange imes X live on my own X eat canteen food II' work hard II' study a lot V­ look after old people V­ be with sick people all the time X make beds with people still in them X

r>ea~ Mrs

MiJJ.K,

I'm. t!Aljotf"'1 YNJ fW,(5~ ~ at 5t M~'S Husyvf.al in.l.muinL but I"" Mt tMd To a1.L tIu. ~ in. mlJ lifo Ifd· I t.Itm t m.i"rd. tJu. ~. A!fu' aiJ,

fur

..................................................... a..nd, ~...............................

wearin9 .~ ..':'.!!!f.~!.~ ... fum- fYUj ~ d ~:;;;;;"'5~ but ...... .!.:~..~~!..I!.~~~.~f?.......... "

used to

.. ~.C?!~!~9..~..".';!g.~~... tUVi •••••••••••• "

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. u

~ ~

I ... ....................................... ... .

................................................ L

is thai

•••••••• ••••

..

.J ..............................................

sol

.~.~..~.;;;;;;.; ..;;;;.~:..~;;.;;:.~ lets

4. pupk new aNi Itut ~ I

wed

........................................................................ . Bcd I'm. ~ 1UU'S~ a. t,t ~ i:Juur. ~. I'm. ~ ~ ~ 1;, ItUJ fUKt wet.i Match the noun phrases to the verbs. Then write sentences in the present continuous passive.

. ~iJJ.~t:!!!.~.~~,!I.~: ........................................................ ~ ..............

The whole of Newtown

[kJ

a) build

The old theatre

b) improve in many different ways

2 ...................................................................................................

2 Cars

0 L

3 Public transport

0

3 .................................................................................................. .

4 More trees

D 0

c) redecorate d) make cheaper and more efficient e) not allow into the centre f) plant in all the

5 A new sports centre

n

4 .................................................................................................. .

5 ...................................................................................................

Practice

• The passive: present perfect simple

Th passive: past continuous 3) Complete the letter, putting the verbs in brackets into the past continuous tense, active or passive. Dear Sir/Mailam.

4> Rewrite the vet's comments in the passive. 1 2 3 4 S

Our Easy World huliduy on tbe island of Batto

was a Ii aster.

Somebody has trea te d this horse bad ly for years. People haven't fed him prope rly. People have ridd en hi m too much. They have forced him to wo rk t oo hard. They have left hi m outsid e in col d weat her. Nobody has brushed him fo r years.

Throughout ur lWo-we 'k stay, the lift .~~L~~Jn9..

..!~!~.~.'?~~.~~~.~.~.~~.~~~!~~..~~~w..f~!:.y.~~r.~:...............

,.t;.~p..!!!r.~d.. (repair) As we .~~r.~.g9Jl!~!l. ( lay) on the ,c\cnth noor we gOl vay tired.

He ............................................................................................

For the Ii rsl len day:-. lht: po I I ••.••.•••.•••..•••••••••••••••••••• ...........•........................ (clean)

2 .................................................................................................. .

3 ...................................................................................................

4 ...................................................................................................

'or nne week of Our holiday, a pop group

1,.............................................

(u 'e) the hotel for concert

5 ...................................................................................................

rehear. Is. Can yo u imagine lht: nOIse? TIlt:

mati (Jut,ide Lhe

h( t'l

............................... (repair)

~o

J...............................................

the hOlel was fuU of du

t all

• The passive: past perfect

the time, for our fir t Iw J ays. the dimng room ~ ........................................................................ (redecorate.)

5> Complete the text, putting the verbs in brackets into the past perfect passive. When we got back from our su mm er holidays last

.........

• . . . . . . • • . . . . . . • . . . . ••• . . ••• . . . . • . . •• . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M ••• •

(ha.ve)

ur dinner in the garden \ hen the manager came Lo

year, we got a horrible shock. Our house .....~~~.~.~~~ ...

peak to us . We tolil him thal we

..~~~~~':!.!.':!~ Combine the pairs of sentences to make third conditional sentences with If

• Thi,.d conditional

4>

Match the sentence halves. Then write sentences in the third conditional. If I (not go) to t he party

lliJ

If she (n ot say) th at about his mot her

6 How much (they pay) yo u at the hote l

0 0 0 0 0 0

7 How long (i t t ake) to get t o America

0

2 I (not camp) t here 3 If (you t ell) us that you were in t ro uble 4 She (die)

5 If I (not spend) all my money

a) he (n ot get) so angry We didn't have a good map. That's why we got lost

..If.w.~:4..h.f:I.~..f:I..9.9.g~.m.t;lp.I.. W.~.W.9.H!~fJ:~.h!!'¥'~.99J.!.9.g:. We didn't check the oil. That's why the car broke down.

(b) I (not meet) Joseph ) c) if she (not have) the opera t ion d) if we (go) by Conco rde? e) I (b uy) you some flowers

f) if I (kn ow) abo ut the snakes in that forest

g) if yo u (t ake) the cleani ng job? h) we (h el p) you

2

~e didn't listen to the weather forecast That's

why we were caught in the fog.

.. If..~..~~.t!~.'.~.9.l?,~.~..~~..~h~p.f!.r:!lI!..L~l?,~.~~!J.:!..~~.':.~............

..~·~~J.l?,~~p.~:..............···.···.·.·... .........

l ••• ••••••••••.••.• • .•.•.•.•••.•...••••

2 ...................................................................................................

3 Nina broke her ankle. That's why we had to wait

for help. 3 ...................................................................................................

4 .................................................................................................. .

4 We didn't have our mobile phone. That's why we couldn 't phone for help.

5 ...................................................................................................

6 .......................................................................... ".......................

5 We were rescued the next day. That's why we didn't die of cold.

7 .................................................................................................. .

Practice

• Conditionals: first. second and third

5:" Use the prompts to complete the sentences using the correct conditionals.

• Revision 6 > Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the words in brackets. I didn' t catch the thief so they didn't give me a reward. (would) If I .. ~.~(~~~9~~.~~~.~~!if,.. ~~!w...l!~~.~~..~~~!:.9~~~':!....... me a reward. She regrets missi ng the concert. (wishes)

She ..........................................................................................

the concert.

2 I'm so sorry th at I ate five pieces of chocolate cake. (only)

Where wo uId you Iive ....if..J!.~!!..~~~.~~..~~.~~!~ ...............

..~~Y.~~.~E~.!.'.!.!~!: ..~'?r.~~.? ............... (if you/ca n choose anywhere in the world?) If sh e goes to bed now, .....................................................

If ............................................................................................... fr ve pieces of chocolate cake. 3 We were so t ired that we didn 't go to the party. (would)

If we ........................................................................................

.......................................................................... to the party.

(she/probably feel better in the morning)

2 If I were yo u, ........................................................................ (I/tell them th e truth)

4 I stopped reading the bo ok because th e plot was so com plicated. (been)

If the plot ..............................................................................

...................................................... ............................................ /

3 If everybody gives me a pound, ...................................... (I/buy a present for Judy from a11 of us)

4 If you won a mi llion pounds, .......................................... (what/you spend it on?)

5 What shal l we do ................................................................ (if it/rai n tomorrow?) 6 You would have met Caroline .........................................

reading the book.

5 I'm sorry I didn't remember her birthday. (wish) I ................................................................................................ her birthday.

6 What a pity there wasn 't any good mu sic at the party! (o nly) If ............................................................................................... some good music at the party! 7 They did n't have brea kfast so they were hu ngry by

ten thirty. (WOUldn't) If they .....................................................................................

(if you/come to the party on Saturday)

7 If you'd got lost in that wood, .......................................

.................................................................... (what/you do?)

8 If my headache doesn ~way, ......;...........................

.......................................................... hungry by ten th irty.

8 The chair broke beca use you stood on it. (if) The chair ................................................................................ ....................................................................................... on it.

(I/not come with you t o the beach)

14 3

u

o

Verbs must have, might have, can't have for dra wing conclusions She must have forgotten about the rehearsal.

Sh c n' have gone to the library. It's closed today.

She might have gone or a bike ide.

• We use must/might/can't have + the past particip le to make logica l deductions abo ut the past.

Reported speech: statements

Direct speech pr nt simple I know lucy.

Reported speech

past simple

She said (that) she knew lucy.

present continuous I'm aying wIth her.

past continuous

She said she wa staying with her.

past simple We met in Italy.

past perfect

She aid lh y had met in Italy.

present perfect past perfect

I haven't m t her bra er, She said she hadn't m t her brother.

Will/can/may

would/could/might

I'll flte 500n. I ca tay long. I may I plane later.

She said she. would write soon.

She said she couldn't stay long.

She said she might telephone later.

says she can give us a lift to the station. • It is possible to keep the past simple instea d of chang ing it to the past perfect in reported speech , e.g. She said they met in Ital y or She said they had met in Italy. . • The verb used to remains t he same in reported sp eech, e.g. I used to live in New York becomes She said she used to live in New York. Mod al verbs should, could, would, might and ought to also remai n the same. • Some time an d plac phrases change in reported speech.

must!hav to

had to

Direct speech

Reported speech

I must go. I hav to catch a train.

She said she had to go.

She said she had to catch a train.

today/tonight this morning tomorrow yesterda y last week next week here th is place

that da y/that night that morning the next day the day before the week before the following week there that place

Reported speech: questions Oir ct questions I h angry? Wh t does h want?

Reported questions I asked if he was angry. I wondered what he wanted.

Verbs of reporting: various structures V rb (+ that) + clause

He saldfexplain d/whlspered hat he was very tired

V r + direct object + infinitive

S e sked/ordered/told/p rsuaded/invited him to come in.

144

• If th e reporti ng verb is in the present tense, t here are no tense changes, e.g. 'I can give you a lift to the station.' She

• Tense ch anges in reported questions are the same as for reported statements. . In re ported Wh- question s, we use the Wh- word + the subject + the verb. We do not use the interrogative form of the verb.

V rb + gerund (-ing form)

H u9 sted buying h d eaper tickets.

• In reported Yes/No questions, we use if + the subject + the verb. We do not use th e interrogative form of the verb.

Verb + infinitive

Sh a re d/oflered/promised

• We ca n use whether instead of ifin reported Yes/No questions.

0

pay him back

Practice

• Verbs must flove, might hove, can't have for drawing conclusions 1 / Match the arch~logist's conclusions with the evidence. Check your answers. Then complete the conclusions with must have, might have or can 't have and the correct form of the verb in brackets.

EVIDENCE a) A volcano ended all life on their i land around 3,000 years ago. b) We have found a lot of gold jewellery in their dty.

c) There are two picture of a giant fi h with a woman's bead in a temple. d) The door' into their hou es are only 1.4 metres hi h . e) We'v found large bird

[l] The. ~po.ra'Ki ... !!!!!.~..~~.Y.~.~.~.~.r:! ... (be)

ve.~

ric."'-.

o The1J .....................................,...............

(be)

ve.Y]' t/}..U.

D ~e.(j ...."............ ~ ................................. (study)

2

t"'-e. 3

0

s"lJ j;\+

1'l1~"'-t.

Me.1'\ ..................................................... (be) i~t"-xt "'oS

4

0 The-lj

WOttl£.'K

i1'l ttA.e-rr c.1AH1Ar-e .

passibilJ ..........................................................

................ (believe In) j;\

5

(;\.S

.pis"'-

~ddes.s.

D \1I.e.ir c.rvil,Sj;\tio'K ....................................................

cages in s )me

Raparoni houses. t) There L no Raparoni writing ot any kind on any object&.

g) Their drawings how the correCl pOSition of the earth and moun. h) We have found many ex clIent Raparoni boats in the sand near the coast. i) We haven't found many human bones in their dt}'.

j) There are only pi tw-e ' of queens,

none of kings.

(end) j;\ro1A'Kd (POD Be.. 6

O;:J;;t;;;~: .. m..... . .

(be)

7

0

The.1J ..................................................... (keep) (»-rrots (;\.S pe. t.s .

8

0

1ke.lJ ....................,................................ (have)

16 18

JL

49

ES

)t

fE

6(; Pl

S~3MSN \f

t\1'l &\ip~t. 9

0

~t;~. t~~~.:;;::t~:~:~.

145

Practice • Reported speech: statements

• Verbs must have, might hove, can't hove for drawing conclusions

2>

Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the words in brackets.

3 > Mr Rush and Ms Drift had a car crash. Read their statements. Then write the police report. I stopped at t he lights. She was drivi ng on t he wrong si de of the road . 2 She's a very areless driver. 3 I won't make her pay if she apologises.

I'm sure he didn't break it beca use' was with him all t he time. (can't) He can't have broken;r all the t ime.

He we nt through a red light. 1 He wa s tal king on his mobi le phone. 2 He is going to kill someo ne one day. 3 I won't say anyth ing until I've seen my lawyer.

because I was with him

• • • • • • • 04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I'm sure she was miserable when they broke up. must) She .......................................................................................... miserable when they broke up.

POLICE

REPORT

2 I'm su re she went rollerblading . Her rollerblades aren't he re. (must)

Form 244c

Mr Rush said h~.~~.. ~.~P.~.. ~~..~.~..~~:. Ms Drift sa id .~~.~~~3~.~.~~~~~ ..~ ..:.~.~ ..~~

She ........................................................................... Her rollerblades aren't here.

He said ...........................................................................

3 Maybe it was the dog wh ich ate our sandwiches. (m ight)

Sh e said .........................................................................

The dog .................................................................................. our sand wi ches. 4 I don't believe you took three hours to write th is essay - it's very short. (can' )

2

You .......................................................................... three hours to write this essay - it's very short. S Perhaps I threw away your letter from Mike by accident. (might) I .......................................................................... you r letter from Mike by accident.

146

He said ...........................................................................

She said ................................................................_.......

3

He said ................_.........................................................

She said .........................................................................

Practice

-

-

• Reported speech: statements and questions 4 / Report the interview with the TV zoologist, Alistair Batten.

• Verbs of reporting: various structures 5> Complete the sentences in reported speech using the verbs in the box. • agreed • apol ogised for • explained • invi ted • offered orde red) • prom ised • rem inded • suggested

C·

Q: Why ~;d )"tJ'U lHam~ a ~o/,?!;sl-.' II: I~ ",,,r~ ,,,fv45f-ed I;' ttnilfltAls --In..." p~/~. 'I Q: Ar~ /here. ~"Y 4n;Mifk ydN "/~/"'ke ?

1/: / ",,/f't eAj"Y S'Mnitl my h,,;t wi-Ht raHle~'fAker.

Z Q: Wlt~.f's Y(1Ut" fov(J'7;tf"if~ pllfACl!.'

/I:

flo(/I! Ma"A.1ltst:~

J C/: H6W '"It/{r Ii,"~f Alttlt. )"tPf ~~" -#tefe? A: t:alt'./- r~,"~M~ 4- Q: wit ...,. will yIJU do wilelt ym..'f'l! fDo 61d +0 -fr"ave1.'

r

A: 1'wI .1"'".1 to +ravel UI1I7'1 I

ti,e..

I asked Alistair .. ~hy..h.~.~~.t!..~~~!?'E.~.~.~~!.I!.9!¥':....... He said .~~ ..~.t¥...'E.l?r.~.!~~~r.~f!.t!.}~.. ~.'.';!P.~!.~ ..................

'Take th e gum out of your mouth at once, Jim.' The teacher ...~r.~~r.~~.I!P..r.l?.r.~~~..~h.~.!l~.'!!..~~tif.. .....

his mouth at once. 'Don't fo rget t o pack you r toot hbrush , Daisy.' Daisy's mother .....................................................................

2 'I'll drive you to the airport.' My mot her ............................................................................

3 'I'm sorry about breaki ng th e picture.'

I ................................................................................................

.Jh.~~.p~~p'~~: ......................................................................... I asked him ...........................................................................

4 'I'll never lie again: He ............................................................................................

He said ...................................................................................

5 'OK. I'll lend you the car.' Her fa ther ..............................................................................

2 I asked him ...........................................................................

He said ...................................................................................

6 'Why don't you ta ke t he trai n instead of th e bus?' Mrs Martin ............................................................................

3 I asked him ...........................................................................

He said ...................................................................................

4 I asked him ...........................................................................

7 'Would you like to com e and stay for a few days, Alice?'

Sue .......................................................................................... 8 'Lawn Avenue is the t hi rd tu rn ing on th e rig ht.'

He said ...................................................................................

The police offi cer ................................................................ 141

VI

Future continuous Positive statements You'll be Iymg on the beach

In

two weeks' time.

N gativ statements

They won't be revismg for their exams a week

from now.

• We use th e fu tu re continuo us to ta lk about events whi ch wi ll be in progress at a particular time in the futur • We use will/won't be + the present partici ple of the verb to form the future continuous.

Questions

Wilt she til l be studying English in a year's time?

Short answers

Positive Y ,sh w (I.

Negative

No, she won't.

Future perfect

Positive statements

We'll have had supper by nine o'clock

tlV

statements

't have gone to bed yet.

Questions

• We use t he future perfect to ta lk about events which will be completed at a pa rticula r t ime in the future. • We use will/won't + have + the past particip le of the verb to form the futu re perfect.

Will you have written your essay by omorrow?

Short answers

Positive Y s, I wll!.

Negative

No, I won't

Short answers with verb + so/not 1st gOing to be hot tomorrow?

Positive

Negative

I hln so. I pcct so

I don't· hlnk so.

I don't expect so.!1 e pect not.

I hope no

I'm afraid not.

I don't uppose so./1 suppose not.

'hop so. J'm a raid so I tJr po,>e o.

148

• After t he verbs think, expect, hope, be afraid and suppose, we can use so when respon ding affi rmatively to a comment or question. • For th e nega t ive responses using these verbs, see t he list on the left.

Practice Future cont inuous

1 :, Look at the programme. Then complete the sentences in the future continuous.

2> Use the notes below to write predictions using the future perfect.

IYI 100 ye4YS' tiMe-_

cV'ea1'e lot.s o.f reW trtAih /Mel wild /I city

v~tAiJIe..s l'(£5)

~e W1DOVo

tNO)

I .54IVe the hl/lck. ~iV'O trOWl eXtlVIG+iOVl tNO) '2. eliMi~te MIlIav-ia l YES) :!, di.scoveV' II CI.\'I'e fo'l' oArrtce'l' t YES) ov\

4 ilo'IVel'lt av-tificilll eyes tNO)

S 9ive lAp lASiV19 petrol 6

Cleves School

de.st'l'oy

~e.,.1

ot ~

.fIAe1 lNO) Y'lIir.fwe.st t YES)

II.s II

In 100 years' time:

..w.~:(~.~.~~~.~r.~~~~.~~.~~.. ~1.~.~fr.~.~~.~!.'.~...................



..I(.~9.~~.~~~~:...........................................................................

. w.~.~~.~:~.~~~~. ~~Ht.~..~!~.!?1) ..~~!:..~~~~:...................

8.20: 8.:50: 8.40-9.30: 9.30-10.00:

Meet outside the school Walk to the underground Travel by train to Gross Harbour Station Walk through the tunne1 under the river · GreenWich 10.00-18.00: VIsit Gr eenWich Observatory 12.00-1.30: Have lunch In the park 2.0D-3.00: Go to WestminSter Pier by boat 3..00-4.00: Return to Hammersmith by underground

2 ................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................

4 ................................................................................................

5 ................................................................................................

At 8.30, they ~~~.~.~.. ~~.~~!!!!1 ..~~J~!:..'!:~.~~r9.r.~!!.1)~~ .......

At 9.00, they ........................................................................

2 At 9.40, they ........................................................................

3 At 11 .00, they ............................... ........................................

4 At 1.00, they ........................................................................

5 At 2.30. they ........................................................................

6 At 3.15, they ........................................................................

6 ................................................................................................

• Future continuous or future perfect 3> Read about Bob. Then write pairs of sentences in the future perfect and the future continuous.

• Short answers with verb + so/not 4> Use the prompts to write B's answers.

Every day of Bob's life is the same and he likes it that way. He has his breakfast every morning at seven thirty. It takes him exactly ten minutes to eat it. Then he sunbathes on the steps of his house for two hours. At nine forty, he stops sunbathing and lies down on Claudia's bed. Claudia is Bob's owner and in Bob's opinion, her bed is the most comfortable one in the house. At twelve o'clock, he jumps off the bed and plays in the garden with Marmalade, the neighbours' cat. At three o'clock, he comes in from the garden and sits down in front of the fridge to wait for his tea. Claudia gets home from school at four fifteen and immediately gives Bob his food . It takes him five minutes to eat it. After his meal, Bob goes to sleep again and dreams about his breakfast. At eight o'clock tomorrow, Bob ...

a)

will have eaten his breakfast.

b) .. ~~!!..~~.~~.':'.~.c!'!~!~!1. ... on the steps of his house.

At nine fifty tomorrow, Bob ... a) ................................................................... sunbathing.

b)

.......

on Claudia's bed.

no . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 At twelve fifteen tomorrow, Bob ... a) ................................................................... off the bed. b) .............................................................................. in the garden with Marmalade. 3 At three thirty tomorrow, Bob '" a) .................................................... in from the garden.

b) ................................................. in front of the fridge. 4 At four sixteen tomorrow, Claudia ... a) ....................................................... home from school. b) .................................................................. Bob his food. S At six o'dock tomorrow, Bob .. a) ......................................................................... his food.

b) .................................................... about his breakfast.

A: Is it go ing to ra in? B: (hope) .... L~~p.~.~.t?,~....... I want to play tennis.

A: Do you ha ve to leave now? B: (afrai d) ................................................ I have to get

up ea rly t om orro w. 2 A: Will Jane be com ing home for supper? B: (expect) .................................... She likes her food! 3 A: Is it goi ng to be sunny tom orrow? B: (hope) .................................................... I'm meet ing

Ellen at t he beach. 4 A: Does t he fi lm st art at eight? , B: (suppose) .......................................................... That's

when th ey usually start. S A: Is Martha going to be at t he party? B: (h ope) ...................................... I ca n't stand her. 6 A: Have we got to walk to th e ci nema? B: (thi nk) ................................... Dave's taken th e car. 7 A: Have you got a room for tonight? B: (afraid) ......................................................... We have

no rooms availabl e until Su nday. 8 A: Do you th ink Engla nd will wi n? B: (think) .......................................................... Scotland

are a mu ch stronger t eam. 9 A: Do you thi nk you'll get a big part in the play? B: (expect) ......................................................... . I'm not

a very good actor. 10 A: Do your black jea ns still fit you ? B: (suppose) ....................................................... I've put on th ree kilos th is year!

150