Slide de Apresentação

 

  lectýrkh `lLstãgkh ^rhiksskhfce ” lpcrtkçíh `l Sucek` Sucek`c`l c`l `l Ãguc l Cabklftl

Mursh `l Lfglfjcrkc Jk`rãuekmc

CFÃEK]L @H] KA^CMPH] CABKLFPCK] @C \ BCFKTCÇÍH ]HB L H CS\ÁIL H @H YCEL @L FJC PCF@C, MC]H THFC @H CFPKGH AL MC@H OWCMLFC ” M MK@C@L K@C@L @L PLPL

Cuthr44 Aãrkh Ehurlfçh Mãsskah Cuthr

]uplrvkshrc4 `rc. Fhëakc Ilrrlkrc Gh`kfjh  Mh-suplrvkshr4Lfg.´ Lfg.´ L`lekfh Gukejlral Ihqukçh, Asm ]hfgh, Dufjh `l 2>23

3

 

MHFPLÔ@H @C C^ L]LFPCÇÍH 3. KFP H@\ÇÍH • 3.3 ^rhbelaãtkmc l Dustkikmctkvc • 3.2 Hbdlmtkvhs • 3.= Alth`hehgkc `l Kfvlstkgcçíh • 3.0 lsuetc`hs Lsplrc`hs

2. MC CM CMPL PL KÇ KÇÍH ÍH @C Ã LC @L L] L]P\ P\@H @H =. AC ACPPL KCK] CK] L AËPH AËPH@ @H] 0. L] L]\E \EPC PC@H @H]] L @K @K]M ]M\] \]]Í ]ÍH H :/>3/2>23

3. KFP H@\Ç @\ÇÍH C ãguc cprlslftc ua lvk`lftl vcehr lmheýgkmh l tla vkf`h c slr ua icmthr `ltlrakfcftl pcrc h `lslfvhevkalfth `l auktcs cmtkvk`c`ls juacfcs. @lvk`h ch mrlsmkalfth `cs mk`c`ls l, mhfslqulftlalftl, h cualfth fh mhfsuah `l ãguc, hs rlslrvctýrkhs subtlrrâflhs ceëa `l slrla cevhs `l lxtrcmçüls kf`ksmrkakfc`cs, cghrc, sl `lpcrca mha c `ltlrkhrcçíh `l sucs ãgucs, `lvk`h îs cmtkvk`c`ls cftrýpkmcs. >:/>3/2>23

 

=

 

3.3 ^rhbelaãtkmc l Dustkikmctkvc



Hs kapcmths fhs rlmurshs já`rkmhs urbcfhs síh kfvcrkcvlealftl hmcskhfc`hs pleh `lslfvhevkalfth `cs zhfcs urbcfcs.



Cfcekscr kapcmths cabklftcks la ãrlcs urbcfcs thrfc-sl iuf`calftce pcrc h pecfldcalfth, `lslfvhevkalfth l hr`lfcalfth `cs mk`c`ls.

>:/>3/2>23

 

0

 

3.2 Hbdlmtkvhs 3.2.3 Glrce 

Cvcekcr hs kapcmths cabklftcks flgctkvhs `c urbcfkzcçíh shbrl h cquáilrh `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c ” zhfc `h cftkgh alrmc`h Owcmlfc fc Mk`c`l `l Pltl.

3.2.2 Lsplmáikmhs K`lftkikmcr cs prkfmkpcks cmtkvk`c`ls qul mcusca h kapcmth flgctkvh fh mursh já`rkmh 

`h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c? 

Cfcekscr hs `c`hs tlaphrcks `c qucek`c`l `l ãguc subtlrrâflc lftrl hs cfhs 2>3< c 2>23?



Cvcekcr cs mcrcmtlrástkmcs iáskmh-quáakmcs `c ãguc.

<

>:/>3/2>23  

3.= Alth`hehgkc `l Kfvlstkgcçíh ^crc c suc lxlmuçíh jhuvl c utkekzcçíh `l `hks aëth`hs `l mhelmtc `l `c`hs4 elvcftcalfth bkbekhgrãikmh, mhelmtc la mcaph. Lstc pcrmlec `c alth`hehgkc ihk `kvk`k`c fcs slgukftls ltcpcs4 Yksktc l rlmhfjlmkalfth `h ehmce `l lstu`h? 



Mhelmtc `l cahstrcs `l ãguc `hs iurhs?



Rlcekzcçíh `cs cfãeksls iáskmh-quáakmcs?



Mhapkecçíh `cs kfihracçüls l rlsuetc`hs `c mcapcfjc?



Cvcekcçíh l mhapcrcçíh `hs rlsuetc`hs hbtk`hs.

>:/>3/2>23

9

 

3.0 lsuetc`hs Lsplrc`hs Mhah mhfslquäfmkc `h mlfãrkh cprlslftc`h, lsplrc-sl4 

Akfkakzcr hs kapcmths cabklftcks flgctkvhs `c urbcfkzcçíh shbrl h cquáilrh `l Fjcrtcf`c?



Lekakfcr c glrcçíh `l rlsá`uhs sýek`hs l cs prkfmkpcks cmtkvk`c`ls qul mcusca h kapcmth flgctkvh fh mursh já`rkmh `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c?

>:/>3/2>23

7

 

2 MC CMPL KÇÍH @C Ã LC @L L]P\@H 2.3 Ehmcekzcçíh Glhgrãikmc Ikg. =.3c Ahçcabkqul fc Cirkmc Custrce  Custrce   Ikg. =.3b Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (Mk`c`l `l Pltl)

 

Fhs plráh`hs jôak`hs, mha c subk`c `hs fávlks `h rkh Tcablzl ë kfuf`c`h, vhetcf`h c kftlrekgcr-sl mha lstl fc pcrtl `l duscftl. H Ikg. =.3m

YCEL @L FJC PCF@C

Ycel hmupc uac ãrlc `l

〙

9.79

,

〗

mhrrlsphf`lftl c 2.2% `c suplriámkl `c Mk`c`l `l Pltl, qul ë cprhxkac`calftl 〙 =30  〗 .

:

kgurc =.34 Lfquc`rcalfth glhgrãikmh `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (Ihftl4 c`cptc`h `l CIHF]H, 3;7:).  

2.2 Mekacthehgkc Flstc rlgkíh, cs vcrkcçüls `l tlaplrcturc l prlmkpktcçíh plraktla kf`kvk`ucekzcr träs ]ub-lstcçüls (Pcblec 2.3) ch ehfgh `l ua cfh jk`rheýgkmh. Pcblec 2.34 ]ub-lstcçüls `h cfh `c Mk`c`l `l Pltl Pltl (Ihftl4 MHBC, 2>3=). D

I

A

Sulftl l Jôak`c

C

A

Irlsmc l ]lmc

D

D

C

]

H

Sulftl l ]lmc

F

@

Sulftl l Jôak`c

2.= Jk`rhehgkc Fc Mk`c`l `l Pltl, h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c mhfstktuk uac rlgkíh mhfstcftlalftl kfuf`c`c. Csska, `lvk`h ch rksmh `l kfuf`cçíh flstc ãrlc, th`cs cs zhfcs sktuc`cs c uac mhtc cetkaëtrkmc kfilrkhr c 3=> altrhs síh mhfsk`lrc`cs mhah ―fíh urbcfkzãvlks‑ (Mhbc, 2>32).

;

>:/>3/2>23  

2.0 Jk`rhglhehgkc C lxpehrcçíh cmtuce `h cquáilrh `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c, ctrcvës `c lxtrcçíh `l ãguc l mhfslqulftls rlbckxcalfths csshmkc`hs, cmlelrc c vlehmk`c`l `l lsmhcalfth fcturce l prhahvl c kfiketrcçíh fc zhfc c ahftcftl. 2.< \sh l hmupcçíh `h sheh sheh Ph`c c ãrlc `h Ycel lstã sudlktc c ihmhs `l mhftcakfcçíh phftuce l `kiusc `lvk`h ch `lpýskth `l pheulftls/mhftcakfcftls fh sheh (sla qucequlr prhtlmçíh) phr pcrtl `l th`hs hs utlftls `h Ycel. 3>

 

>:/>3/2>23

=. ACPL KCK] L AËPH@H] =.3 Ahfkthrcalfth `c Ãguc ]ubtlrrâflc ^crc h ahfkthrcalfth `c qucek`c`l `l ãguc subtlrrâflc, bcslhu-sl fc rl`l `l cahstrcgla `hs träs iurhs `l prh`uçíh `c laprlsc IK^CG-Pltl (Ikgurc =.3), qul síh ahfkthrc`hs plec CRC-Mlftrh, K^. ^crc alejhr ehmcekzcçíh `hs iurhs ushu-sl h lqukpcalfth  G^]   `c acrmc pcrc hbtlfçíh `cs mhhr`lfc`cs (Pcblec =.3). Pcblec =.34 =.34 Ehmcekzcçíh `hs iurhs `l cahstrcgla (Ihftl4 cuthr, 2>23) Mhhr`lfc`cs Mý`kgh `hs Iurh

Ectu`l

Ehfgktu`l

FJP>3

-39,393323

==,=

-39,39=700

==,:/>3/2>23

Ikgurc =.34 =.3 4 Acpc `l ehmcekzcçíh `hs phfths `l cahstrcgla (Ihftl4 Cuthr, 2>23).

 

=.2 ^rhml`kalfths `l Mhelmtc

=.= ^rhml`kalfth `l Cfãeksl `hs ^crâaltrhs fh Mcaph

Ikgurc =.24 Actlrkcks usc`hs l h skstlac `l mcptcçíh `c IK^CG - (c) Suktl `l mhelmtc l (b) keustrcçíh `h prhml`kalfth `l mhelmtc `l `c`h

Ikgurc =.04 Keustrcçíh `hs lqukpcalfths l cfãeksls ilktcs kf sktu (Ihftl4 Cuthr, 2>23).

33

>:/>3/2>23

32 Ikgurc =.=4 Ahalfths `c mhelmtc `c cahstrc (Ihftl4 cuthr, 2>23).

 

=.0 ^rhml`kalfth `l Cfãeksls Cfãeksls Ecbhrcthrkcks

Ikgurc =.23).

Ikgurc =.94 Rlcglftls l tkphs `l cfãeksls `l cahfácmh, caýfkc l fktrhgëfkh cahfkcmce. (Ihftl4 Cuthr, 2>23).

3=

>:/>3/2>23  

0. L]\EPC@H] L @K]M\]]ÍH 0.2 pJ

0.3 Plaplrcturc `c ãguc 0<

3>.>

0>

;.>

:.>

=<     )

=>     )    M    ´     ( 2<    c    r    u    t    c    r    l 2>    p    a    l    P

Iurh 3 Iurh = Iurh : Ekaktl acx. Ekaktl akf.

3<

   J    p     (    h    m    k    f     ý    k    f    l    g    h    r     `    k     j     e    c    k    m    f    l    t    f    h    ^

7.>

9.> Iurh 3



Iurh = Iurh : Ekaktl acx.

0.>

Ekaktl akf. =.>

3> 2.> <

>

3.>

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

>.>

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

Ikgurc 0.34 Ycehrls aë`khs cfucks `c tlaplrcturc `c ãguc `h

Ikgurc 0.24 Ycehrls aë`khs cfucks `h pJ `c ãguc `h Cquáilrh `h

Cquáilrh `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (C`cptc`h pleh Cuthr, 2>23).

Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (C`cptc`h pleh Cuthr, 2>23).

30

>:/>3/2>23  

Mhft. 0.= Mhf`utkvk`c`l leëmtrkmc

0.0 ]cekfk`c`l 3.9>

2>>> 3.0>

3:>> 39>>     )    L    M     (    c    m    k    r    t    m     ë     e    l    l     `    c     `    k    v        u     `    f    h    M

3.2>

30>> 3.>>

32>> Iurh 3 Iurh =

3>>>

Iurh : Ekaktl acx. Ekaktl akf.

:>>

    )    \    ]    ^     (    l     ` >.:>    c     `    k    f    k     e    c    ] >.9>

Iurh 3 Iurh = Iurh : Ekaktl acx. Ekaktl akf.

9>> >.0> 0>> >.2> 2>> >

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

Ikgurc 0.=4 Ycrkcçíh `c ML aë`kc cfuce `cs ãgucs `hs iurhs `h Ycel `l

>.>>

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

Ikgurc 0.04 Ycrkcçíh `c scekfk`c`l aë`kc cfuce `cs ãgucs `hs iurhs `h Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (C`cptc`h pleh Cuthr, 2>23).

Fjcrtcf`c (C`cptc`h pleh Cuthr, 2>23).

>:/>3/2>23

3<

 

Mhft. 0.< Fktrcth

0.9 Hxkgëfkh @ksshevk`h

9>.> 32.>>     )    E     /    g    a     (    h    t    c    r    t    k    F

.> 3>.>>

0>.>

    )    E     /    g    a     (

Iurh 3 Iurh =

=>.>

Iurh : Ekaktl acx. Ekaktl akf.

2>.>

3>.>

>.>

    `    h    k    v     e    h    s    s    k    @    h    k    f     ë    g    k    x    H

:.>>

Iurh 3

9.>>

Iurh = Iurh : Ekaktl acx. Ekaktl akf.

0.>>

2.>>

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

>.>>

2>3<

2>39

2>37

2>3:

2>3;

2>2>

2>23

Cfhs

Ikgurc 0.23).

Ycel `l Fjcrtcf`c (C`cptc`h pleh Cuthr, 2>23).

39

>:/>3/2>23

3/2>23

muk`crla `h Ycel.

 

:/>3/2>23  

9. BKBEKHG CIKC 9.3 lilrlfmkcs Bkbekhgrãikmcs 3. MC]PRH, E. A. C. 2>>2 ” ^rhphskçíh `l kf`kmc` kf`kmc`hrls hrls pcrc c cvcekcçíh ``ll skstlacs `l `rlfcgla urbcfc. @ksslrtcçíh `l alstrc`h. ^rhgrcac `l pýs-grc`ucçíh la scflcalfth, alkh cabklftl l rlmurshs já`rkmhs `c Lsmhec `l Lfglfjcrkc `c \IAG. Bleh Jhrkzhftl, p.33:. 2. MJLR\BKFK, R R.. 2>>: ” CCvcekcçíh vcekcçíh cabk cabklftce lftce `h skstlac `l mhe mhelmtc lmtc l `ksphskçíh `ksphskçíh ikfce `l rlsá`uhs sýek`hs urbcfhs `h aufkmápkh `l icrrhupkej icrrhupkejc-R]. c-R]. Mckxc `h ]ue4 _s. fQ. =. MHBC. 2>3= ” ]kstlacs `l Cbcstlmkalfth `l Ãguc `l Pltl l Ahctkzl. ^ecf ^ecfhh @krlthr l ^rhdlth `l Lxlmuçíh - Sucek`c`l `l ãguc ^crc Cbcstlmkalfth. Pltl, p. =7.

3;

>:/>3/2>23  

HB KGC@H ^LEC CPLFÇÍH OJH MJ\M\ \ ―Fíh ë h acks ihrtl qul shbrlvkvl, fla h acks kftlekglftl, acs h qul alejhr sl c`cptc îs au`cfçcs‑ Mjcrels @crwkf