Skin Disorders

Skin Disorder a.) Acne Vulgaris

Description

 A disease of the

Causes 1.) Pressure

hair follicles of the

2.) Drugs

face, chest, and back.

3.) Occupation 4.) Cosmetics 5.) Oily skin

Symptoms Appears on skin as:

Prevention/Treatment 1.)

Get a nonprescription

acne medicine and apply

1.)

Blackheads(black

spots)

2.)

2.) Whiteheads(white

spots) Pimples or zits

4.)

Pustules(small pus-

filled lesions) Cysts (deep pimples,

boils).

6.)

Wash your face once or

twice daily with your usual soap or cleanser

3.)

5.)

regularly.

3.)

Do not scrub or use a

loofa.

4.)

Do not pick or squeeze.

5.)

Topical treatments such

as retinoids (tretinoin, Abscesses(swollen,

tazarotene, or adapalene) or

inflamed ,tender area of

antibiotics (benzoyl peroxide,

infection containing pus)

clindamycin)

7.)

Ice pick scars: Deep

pits and a classic sign of acne scarring.

8.)

6.)

Oral antibiotics

7.)

Hormonal medications

like oral contraceptives

Box car scars: Angular

scars and can be either superficial or deep, these are similar to chickenpox scars.

9.)

Rolling scars: Scars

that give the skin a wave-like appearance.

10.)

Hypertrophic scars:

Thickened, or keloid scars. b.) Whiteheads/Blackheads

 They are forms of

1.) Build up of oil

1.) Black spots

1.)

Cleansing the skin

mild acne and both

2.) Build up of

2.) White spots

2.)

Use gentle, water-soluble

involve the clogging of

dead skin cells

a pore.

3.) Hormones

cleansers.

Blackheads- look like a speck of dirt on your

3.)

Exfoliate the skin.

4.)

Absorb excess oil.

5.)

Benzoyl peroxide has an

antibacterial effect and may

face, but they are

also decrease the chemical

really pores clogged

reaction that changes the

with oil, dead skin cells

lining of the hair follicle.

and pigment cells.

6.)

Extraction of blackheads

and whiteheads by a

Whiteheads- are

professional Esthetician.

partially clogged pores

7.)

that contain a pus

Tretinoin (Retin-A) is the

mainstay of treatment for

material and may pop

blackheads and whiteheads.

when bumped or

And works by increasing cell

touched.

turnover which causes the skin cells to regenerate faster.

c.) Eczema

 a form of dermatitis,

1.) Infection

1.)

Redness

or inflammation of the

2.) Exposure to

2.)

Skin edema (swelling)

epidermis (the outer

toxins

layer of the skin).

3.) Stress 4.) Genetic 5.) Allergic reaction

itching and dryness

3.)

Crusting

4.)

Flaking

5.)

Blistering

6.)

Cracking

7.)

Oozing or bleeding

8.)

Areas of temporary

skin discoloration may appear

8.)

Antibiotics

1.)

Corticosteroid creams

are prescribed to decrease the inflammatory reaction in the skin.

2.)

Use of the drugs

Tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel) which belong to a class of immunesuppressant drugs known as calcineurin inhibitors.

3.)

The use of systemic

immunosuppressants like ciclosporin, azathioprine and methotrexate.

4.)

Intake of Anti-itch drugs

like Antihistamine.

5.)

Moisturizing the skin.

6.)

Light therapy (or deep

penetrating light therapy) using ultraviolet light can help control eczema. d.) Psoriasis

 a chronic

1.) Genetic

1.)

Itching and rapid skin

7.)

Proper diet

1.)

Skin biopsy or scraping.

2.)

Doing Bath solutions

inflammatory skin

2.) Occurs more

disease..

likely in dry skin.

2.)

drier skin

(epsom salt) and applying

3.) Believed to be

3.)

red or pink areas of

moisturizers, mineral oil, and

 The tendency toward developing psoriasis is inherited in

caused by an infection.

genes.

 Not contagious.  Psoriasis is controllable with medication.

turnover

thickened, raised skin

4.)

May be small

petroleum jelly.

3.)

Ointment and creams

flattened bumps, large

such a calcipotriol, and retinoids

thick plaques of raised skin,

are routinely used.

red patches, and pink

4.)

Phototherapy

mildly dry skin to big flakes

5.)

Proper diet and lifestyle.

of dry skin that flake off.

6.)

Applying Taclonex Scalp,

 The cause is not

a new topical ointment for treating scalp psoriasis

fully understood.

7.)

The Xtrac Velocity

excimer laser system, which emits a high-intensity beam of ultraviolet light, can treat moderate to severe psoriasis

8.)

Intake of the biologic

drug adalimumab (brand name Humira) that can treat moderate to severe psoriasis. e.) Athlete’s Foot (Tinea padis/ ringworm)

 a fungal infection of the skin.

 Affects the feet of athletes and nonathletes alike.

 Fungal infections of the feet are contagious and can be spread person to person.

1.) a depressed

1.)

Red and/or pale skin.

immune system

2.)

Mild to intense

and/or a lack of

itchiness, mostly in

adequate blood

between the toes.

circulation to the extremities and inadequate oxygen in the blood. 2.) Malnutrition 3.) Fungi in the genus

Trichophyton.

3.)

Burning and

inflammation.

4.)

Cracked or blistered Skin patches and

scaling of the skin.

6.)

Skin fissures (small

cracks).

7.)

Wear 100% cotton socks,

changing them often.

2.)

Walk in bare feet as

often as possible to keep your feet dry and breath.

3.)

Dust closed-in shoes

with a light layer of baking soda to absorb any excess

skin.

5.)

1.)

Toenails may become

affected as athlete's foot progresses causing thick yellowish nails that are malformed, thickened and

moisture before putting them on.

4.)

Do not shower or bath

too frequently since it removes the healthy acid layer of the skin.

5.)

Wash your feet and dry

them well.

6.)

Soak and rub antifungal

crumbly, called

solution well into all areas of

onychomycosis.

the feet that are affected.

8.)

Fingernails can also

become affected just like toenails.

Skin Disorder

Description

Causes

Symptoms

Prevention/Treatment

a. Rosacea





a chronic condition

1.) Exposure to

1.) Frequent blushing or

1.) The use of topical and

characterized by

temperature extremes

flushing. The facial redness.

oral antibiotic agents.

facial erythema

2.) strenuous exercise

2.) Persistent facial redness

2.) Oral tetracycline

(redness) and

heat from sunlight

may resemble a blush or

antibiotics (tetracycline,

sometimes pimples.

3.) severe sunburn

sunburn that does not go

doxycycline, minocycline) and

away.

topical antibiotics such as

4.) cold wind

3.) Bumps and pimples

metronidazole are used.

5.) Foods high in

4.) Visible blood vessels

3.) The use of Dermatological

histamines and spicy food.

5.) Eye irritation

vascular laser (single

6.) Burning or stinging

wavelength) or intense

7.) The central facial skin

pulsed light (broad spectrum)

may be rough, and thus

machines.

Affects adults and has four subtypes, three affecting the skin and the fourth

stress and anxiety

affecting the eyes (ocular type).



Left untreated it

appear to be very dry.

worsens over time.



8.) Plaques

Treatment in the

9.) Skin thickening

form of topical

10.) The nose has a

steroids can

bulbous appearance.

aggravate the

11.) Facial swelling occurs.

condition. b.) Skin Cancer

 named after the type of skin cell from which they arise.  The term "skin cancer" refers to three different conditions. From the least to the most dangerous, they are:  basal cell

carcinoma (or basal cell carcinoma epithelioma)  squamous cell

carcinoma (the first stage of which is called actinic keratosis)  melanoma

1.)

Smoking

tobacco

2.)

congenital

melanocytic nevi syndrome

3.)

Chronic non-

healing wounds or Marjolin's ulcers.

4.)

Ionizing

radiation

5.)

environmental

1.)

These include

changes in the skin that do not heal.

2.)

Ulcering in the

skin

Curettage and

desiccation

2.)

Surgical excision:

The tumor is cut out and stitched up.

3.)

Discolored skin

3.)

Radiation therapy

4.)

Changes in

4.)

Cryosurgery

5.)

Mohs micrographic

existing moles such as jagged edges to the mole and enlargement of the mole.

carcinogens

6.)

1.)

surgery

6.)

Medical therapy

using creams that attack cancer cells (5-Fluorouracil-

artificial UV

-5-FU, Efudex, Fluoroplex)

radiation (e.g. tanning

or stimulate the immune

beds)

system (imiquimod

7.)

[Aldara]).

aging and light

7.)

skin color.

8.)

Avoiding sun

exposure

The use of many

immunosuppressive medication.

9.)

Exposure to

ultraviolet radiation and sun.

10.)

HPV infections.

11.)

Some genetic

syndromes c.) Scleroderma

 a chronic systemic

1.) a number of inherited

1.)

Raynaud's

1.) Use of

autoimmune

(genetic) abnormalities,

phenomenon, this

immunosuppressive agents

disease (primarily

which are triggered by

condition constricts the

which include methotrexate,

of the skin -

environmental factors.

small blood vessels in

cyclophosphamide,

the hands and feet and

azathioprine, and

causes numbness, pain

mycophenolate.

"derma")

 characterized by fibrosis (or hardening "sclero"), vascular

or color changes in the fingers or toes.

2.)

Gastroesophage

alterations, and

al reflux disease

autoantibodies.

(GERD) where there are

 There are two major forms:  Limited systemic

sclerosis/scleroder ma

problems absorbing nutrients and moving food properly through your intestines.

3.)

Skin changes

may include swollen fingers and hands;

 Diffuse systemic

thickened patches of

sclerosis/scleroder

skin, particularly on the

ma

fingers; and tight skin

around the hands, face or mouth.

4.)

Morphea-

features oval-shaped thickened patches of skin that are white in the middle, with a purple border.

d.) Keloid

 Keloids can be considered to be "scars that don't know when to stop.



a tough heaped-up scar that rises quite abruptly above the rest of the skin.

 It usually has a smooth top and a pink or purple color.

 Irregularly shaped and tend to enlarge progressively.



1.)

Acne

2.)

Burns

and look shiny and

3.)

Chickenpox

dome-shaped, ranging

excision may be indicated if

4.)

Ear piercing

in color from pink to

injection therapy alone is

5.)

Minor

red.

unsuccessful or unlikely to

scratches 6.)

Surgical cuts

7.)

Traumatic

wounds 8.)

Vaccination

sites 9.)

1.)

2.)

Keloids are raised

Some keloids

become quite large and unsightly.

3.)

The exuberant

scars tend to be itchy, tender, or even painful to the touch.

1.)

Intralesional

2.)

Excision by scalpel

result in significant improvement.

3.)

Gel sheeting with

both hydrogel and silicone scar sheets

4.)

Cryosurgery is most

useful in combination with other treatments for

abnormal

keloids.

wound healing

Keloids do not subside over time.

5.)

Radiation therapy.

6.)

Interferon alpha

injections may reduce recurrence rates postoperatively.

7.)

Pulsed dye laser

treatment can be beneficial for keloids, and appears to induce keloid regression through suppression of keloid fibroblast proliferation, and induction of apoptosis and enzyme activity.

e.) Scabies

 Known

1.) Infestation by the

1.) Itching, mainly at

1.)

colloquially as the

itch mite Sarcoptes

night.

antihistamines to

seven-year itch, is

scabiei.

2.) Rashes which cause

improve itching.

a contagious skin

2.) Sexual contact.

little bumps that often

2.)

The use of

Permethrin is the

infection that

form a line.

most effective

occurs among

3.) Sores.

treatment for scabies

humans and other

4.) Thick crusts on the

animals.

skin.

3.)

Ivermectin is an

oral medication shown by many clinical studies to be effective in eradicating scabies 4.)

Topical

ivermectin preparations. 5.)

Other treatments

include lindane, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton, malathion, and sulfur preparations.