Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using A Full-Scale Tire: Standard Test Method For

 

Lnsmocjtm ic8 N 5?< ‗ 46 Lnsmocjtmic8

Wtjcljrl \nst @ntail fir

Wkml Unsmstjcgn if Tjvnl Wurfjgns ^smco j Fubb-Wgjbn \mrn: \ams stjcljrl ms mssunl uclnr tan ﬊xnl lnsmocjtmic N 5?5<   Wpngm﬊gj Wpngm﬊gjtmic tmic fir W`ii W`iita ta \mr \mrnn fir Tjvn` Tjvn`nct nct WkmlUnsmstjcgn \n \nsts sts N 16? \nr`mcibioy Unbjtmco ti Vnamgbn-Tjvn`nct Vnamgbn-Tjvn`nct Wystn`s N ::76  Wpngm﬊gjtmic fir J Ujlmjb Wtjcljrl Unfnrncgn \nst \mrn F 7??  Trjgtmgn fir Gjbmerjtmic if Erjkmco/\rjgtmvn @njsurmco Lnvmgns fir \nstmco \mrns F ?  \nst @ntail fir Wpnnl jcl Lmstjcgn Gjbmerjtmic if  Fmfta Fmf ta _an _annb nb Nqu Nqumpp mppnl nl _mta Nmt Nmtanr anr Jcjbio Jcjbio ir Lmo Lmomtj mtjbb Mcstru`nctjtmic

:. Wgi Wgipn pn :.: \ams tnst `ntail `ntail givnrs tan `njsurn`nct `njsurn`nct if skml rnsmstjcgn if pjvnl surfjgns wmta j spngm﬊nl fubb-sgjbn juti`itmvn tmrn. :.5 \ams tnst `nta `ntail il utmb utmbmzns mzns j `njs `njsurn` urn`nct nct rnprnsnctmco rnprnsnctmco tan stnjly-stjtn frmgtmic firgn ic j bigknl tnst wannb js mt ms lrjoonl ivnr j wnttnl pjvn`nct surfjgn uclnr gicstjct bijl jcl jt j gicstjct spnnl wambn mts `jhir pbjcn ms pjrjbbnb ti mts lmrngtmic if `itmic jcl pnrpnclmgubjr ti tan pjvn`nct. :.7 \an vjbuns `njsurnl rnprnsnct rnprnsnct tan frmg frmgtmicj tmicjbb pripn pripnrtmn rtmnss ietjmcnl wmta tan nqump`nct jcl prignlurns stjtnl anrnmc jcl li cit cng cngnss nssjrm jrmby by jor jornn nn ir gir girrnb rnbjtn jtn lmr lmrngt ngtby by wmt wmta a tai taisn sn ietjmcnl ey itanr pjvn`nct frmgtmic `njsurmco `ntails. \an

7. Wu`` Wu``jry jry if \nst \nst @ntail 7.: \an tns tnstt jpp jppjrj jrjtus tus gic gicsms smsts ts if jc jut juti`i i`itm tmvn vn vna vnamgb mgbnn wmta icn ir `irn tnst wannbs mcgirpirjtnl mcti mt ir fir`mco pjrtt if j sum pjr sumtje tjebn bn trj trjmbn mbnrr tiw tiwnl nl ey j vna vnamgb mgbn. n. \an jppjrjtu jppjrjtuss gictjmcs gict jmcs j trjc trjcslugn slugnr, r, mcstru`nctjt mcstru`nctjtmic, mic, j wjtn wjtnrr suppb suppby y jcl pripnr lmspncsmco systn`, jcl jgtujtmic gictribs fir tan erjkn if tan tnst wannb. \an tnst wannb ms nqumppnl wmta j stjcljrl pjvn`nct tnst tmrn. Wnn  Wnn   ..

sbmln tan bigknl sbmln bigknl tns tnstt tm tmrn rn jt j stj stjtnl tnl spnnl, spnnl, lmv lmvmln mlnl l ey tan nffngtmvn wannb bijl jcl `ubtmpbmnl ey :44.

5. Unfnrncgnl Ligu`ncts

4:   Wpn Wpngm﬊ gm﬊gjt gjtmic mic fir Ume \m \mrn rn fir Tjv Tjvn` n`nct nct Wkm WkmllUnsmstjcgn \nsts \amss tnst `ntail \am `ntail ms ucl uclnr nr tan hurmslmgtm hurmslmgtmic ic if JW\@ Gi``mttnn Gi``mttnn N:? ic Vnamgbn-Tjvn`nct Wystn`s jcl ms tan lmrngt rnspicsmembmty if Wuegi``mttnn N:?.5: ic Fmnbl @ntail @ntailss fir @njsurmco \mrn Tjvn`nct Frmgtmic. Gurrnct nlmtmic jpprivnl Fne. :>, 5446. Tuebmsanl Fnerujry 5446. Irmomcjbby jpprivnl mc :=6>. Bjst prnvmius nlmtmic jpprivnl mc :==? js N 5?< ‗ =?. 5 Fir rnfnrncgnl JW\@ stjcljrls, vmsmt tan JW\@ wnesmtn, www.jst`.iro, ir gictjgt JW\@ Gusti`nr Wnrvmgn jt snrvmgnD snrvmgnDjst`.ir jst`.iro. o. Fir Fir   Jccujb Eiik if JW\@  Wtjcljrls vibu`n Wtjcljrls  vibu`n mcfir`jtmic, rnfnr ti tan stjcljrl”s Ligu`nct Wu``jry pjon ic

k`/a) lurmco j tnst ic j bnvnb pjvn`nct ajvmco j skml cu`enr if >4. 5<   Wtjcljrl Wtjcljrl W`iit W`iita a \mr \mrnn fir Tjvn`nct Wkml Unsmstjcgn \nst. _anc tan WM systn` ms usnl, tan tnst spnnl sajbb en mc pjrnctansns. Fir nxj`pbn, WC(6>)U mclmgjtns tajt tan tnst wjs ruc jt j tnst spnnl if 6> k`/a wmta jc N>4: Wtjcljrl Ume fir Tjvn`nct Wkml Unsmstjcgn \nst.

?. Oncnr Oncnrjb jb ?.:   \nst Trnpjrjtmic“Giclmtmic cnw tmrns ey ruccmco tan` jt ir cnjr tanmr rjtnl bijl jcl mcſtjtmic prnssurn ic tan tnst vnamgbn (ir ic jcitanr sumtjebn vnamgbn) jt cir`jb trjffmg spnnls fir jt bnjst 544 `mbns (744 k`) ir nqumvjbnct enfirn tany jrn usnl fir tnst purpisns. Trmir ti njga snrmns if tnsts, wjr` up tan tmrn ey trjvnbmco fir jt bnjst > `mbns (:4 k`) jt cir`jb trjffmg spnn sp nnls ls.. Mc Mcsp spng ngtt ta tann tm tmrn rn fi firr ſtj ſtjtt sp spit its, s, lj lj`j `jon on,, ir it itan anrr mrrnoubjrmtmns tajt `jy jffngt tnst rnsubts, jcl rnpbjgn mf mt ajs ennc lj`jonl ir ms wirc enyicl tan wnjr bmcn. Gangk tan tnst-wannb bijl (mf jlhustjebn) jcl jlhust, mf cngnssjry, prmir ti njga tnst snrmns ti wmtamc tan vjbun spngm﬊nl mc  6 7 kTj) jt j`emnct tn`pnrjturn hust enfirn tan >-`mbn (:4-k`) wjr`up. ?.5  \nst Wngtmics“\nst sngtmics sajbb en ln﬊cnl js sngtmics if pjvn`nct if ucmfir` jon jcl ucmfir` gi`pismtmic tajt ajvn ennc suehngtnl ti nssnctmjbby ucmfir` wnjr. Fir mcstjcgn, sajrp gurvns jcl stnnp orjlns sajbb cit en mcgbulnl mc tan sj`n tnst sngtmic wmta bnvnb tjconct sngtmics, cir sajbb pjssmco bjcns en mcgbulnl wmta trjffmg bjcns. \jkn skml-rnsmstjcgn `njsurn`ncts icby ic pjvn`ncts tajt jrn frnn if ievmius gictj`mcjtmic. ?.5.:   Wtnnb Orjtnl Ermlon Lngks“\ansn surfjgns `jy en tnstnl usmco tan sj`n prignlurns js taisn usnl ic pjvn`ncts eut tan tnst sngtmic `ust mcgbuln icby tan ucmfir` pirtmic if tan ermlon lngk. ?.7   Wkml Unsmstjcgn if j \nst Wngtmic“@jkn jt bnjst ﬊vn lntnr`mcjtmics if tan skml rnsmstjcgn, jt mctnrvjbs cit ornjtnr tajc 4.> `mbn (: k`), mc njga tnst sngtmic wmta tan tnst vnamgbn jt ta tann sj sj`n `n bj bjtn tnrj rjbb pi pism smtm tmic ic mc jc jcy y ic icnn bj bjcn cn jc jcl l jt nj njga ga spngm﬊nl spngm ﬊nl tnst spnnl. Gicsmlnr tan jrmt jrmta`ntm a`ntmgg jvnrj jvnrjon on if jbb lntnr`mcjtmics ti en tan skml rnsmstjcgn if tan tnst sngtmic. Mf  stjtmstmgjb ir itanr grmtnrmj jppbmnl ti tan skml cu`enr fir j bico tnst sngtmic mclmgjtn tajt mt gjccit en gicsmlnrnl ti en ucmfir`, trnjt tan sngtmic js twi ir `irn sngtmics. Fir trnjt`nct if tan rnsubts if fjubty tnsts, snn Wngtmic   :4 :4.. ?.<   Bjtn Bjtnrjb rjb Tis Tismtmi mtmicmco cmco if \nst Vnamg namgbn bn ic Amo Amoawj awjyy“ Cir`jbby, tnstmco sajbb en licn mc tan gnctnr if tan bnft wannb trjgk trj gk if j trj trjfffmg bjc bjcnn if j amo amoawj awjy y. J skm skml l cu` cu`enr enr fir j amoawjy surfjgn `jy en quitnl wmtaiut qujbm﬊gjtmic, icby mf  tan tnst vnamgbn wjs si pismtmicnl lurmco tan tnst. ?.>   \nst Wpnnls“\an stjcljrl tnst spnnl sajbb en k`/a), jcl tnsts sajbb cir`jbby en giclugtnl jt tajt spnnl. _anrn tan bnojb `jxm`u` spnnl ms bnss tajc .: \an tnst spnnl spnnl jcl tan typn tmrn jrn ti en gmtnl wanc quitmco tan ietjmcnl skml cu`enr. \ams ms ti en licn ey jllmco tan tnst spnnl mc `mbns pnr aiur jcl tan bnttnr U fir rme tmrn ir

 A     0 0 trjmbnr amtga amtg a anmoat awannbe nmoat, , mc. mjsn c. (ir (ir ``),(gnctn  B trjmbnr wa nnbejsn bncota bncota (gnctnrr if jxbn jxbn ti gnctnr gnctnr if  amtga), mc. (ir ``), jcl _ 4   0 stjt stjtmg mg vnrtmgjb vnrtmgjb bijl bijl ic tan tnst tnst tmrn, bef bef (ir C).

1. Trig Trignlur nlurnn 1.: Erm Ermco co tan jppjrjtu jppjrjtuss ti tan lnsmrnl lnsmrnl spn spnnl nl jcl lnbmvnr lnbmvnr wjtnr ti tan pjvn`nct janjl if tan tnst tmrn. Jpprixm`jtnby 4.> s jftnr enomccmco if tan wjtnr lnbmvnry, jppby tan tnst wannb erjkn erj kn si js ti big bigk k tan wannb gi`pbntn gi`pbntnby by.. \an wannb sajbb rn`jmc bigknl fir tan lurjtmic if tan ljtj jvnrjomco mctnrvjb (1. :: .:.> Wkml cu`enr, cu`enr, spnn spnnl l if tnst, jcl tnst tmrn typn, nmtanr WC \nst Wpnnl U ir WC \nst Wpnnl W, fir njga tnst mc `pa; usn pjrnctansns fir spnnl mc WM ucmts. ::.5   Wu``jry Unpirt “\an “\an su``jry rnpirt sajbb mcgbuln, fir njga tnst sngtmic, ljtj ic tan fibbiwmco mtn`s mcsifjr js tany jrn pnr pnrtm tmcnc cnctt ti tan vjr vjrmje mjebns bns ir gi` gi`emc emcjtm jtmics ics if vjr vjrmje mjebns bns uclnr mcvnstmojtmic8 ::.5.: :: .5.: Bigjt Bigjtmic mic jcl mlnct mlnctm﬊gjt m﬊gjtmic mic if tnst sngtmic, sngtmic,

WC (saiwc mc 1. Jon if pjvn`nct, pjvn`nct, ::.5.6 Jvnr Jvnrjon jon ljmby trjf trjffmg, fmg, ::.5.? :: .5.? Tistn Tistnl l spnnl bm`mt, ::.5.1 :: .5.1 Ljtn jcl tm`n if ljy, ::.5.= _njtanr giclmtmics, ::.5.:4 :: .5.:4 Bjcn jcl wannb wannb-pjt -pjta a tnst tnstnl, nl, ::.5.: :: .5.:: : Jvnr vnrjon jon,, amo amoa, a, jcl biw skm skml l cu` cu`enr enr fir tan tns tnstt sngtmic jcl spnnl jt wamga tan tnsts wnrn `jln. (Mf vjbuns jrn rnpirtnl tajt wnrn cit usnl mc gi`putmco tan jvnrjon, tams fjgt sajbb en rngirlnl.), jcl ::.5.:5 :: .5.:5 Tbit if spnnl orjlmnct orjlmnct ljtj (mf ietjm ietjmcnl). cnl).

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:5.: \an rnbjtmicsa rnbjtmicsamp mp if iesnr iesnrvnl vnl WC ucmt ucmtss ti si`n ‒trun‐ ‒trun‐ vjbun if bigknl-wannb sbmlmco frmgtmic ajs cit ennc nstjebmsanl jt tams tm`n. Js j rnsubt, icby rnpnjtjembmty ms omvnc fir tams tnst `ntail. :5.5 \an jggnptjebn jggnptjebn prngmsmic prngmsmic if WC ucmts gjc en stjtnl mc tan fir` if rnpnjtjembmty. Js tanrn ms ci smocm﬊gjct girrnbjtmic entwnnc stjcljrl lnvmjtmic jcl jrmta`ntmg `njc if snts if tnst vjbuns, mt jppnjrs tajt stjcljrl lnvmjtmics jrn jppbmgjebn ti tams tnst `ntail rnojrlbnss rnojrlbnss if tan jvnrjon bigknl wannb sbmlmco sbmlmco frmgtmic if tan surfjgn. Jc jggnptjebn stjcljrl lnvmjtmic if 5 WC ucmts wjs ietjmcnl fri` cu`nrius tnsts giclugtnl ic j vjrmnty if systn`s jt tan Fmnbl \nst jcl Nvjbujtmic Gnctnrs.< :5.7 :5 .7 \ams \ams vj vjbu bunn ms ej ejsn snl l ic nv nvjb jbuj ujtm tmic icss if `j `jcy cy sk skml ml

\an jrmta`ntmg `njc skml cu`enr gjc en rngirlnl ic tan strmp str mp gaj gajrt rt js jc j`pbmtul j`pbmtulnn trj trjgn gn ti tan sj`n sgjbn sgjbn js tan lycj`mg lycj` mg skml cu`en cu`enrr trjgn jcl en sgjb sgjbnl nl lmrngtby fri` tan gajrt, ir mt `jy en lmomtmznl jcl rngirlnl ic `jocntmg tjpn, ic pucganl tjpn, ir ey prmctnr ic pjpnr tjpn. _anc tan stjcljrl rme tmrn if Wpngm﬊gjtmic N Wpngm﬊gjtmic  N >4: ms >4:  ms usnl, tan lnsmocjtmic sajbb en WC \ns nstt Wp Wpnn nnl l U, jc jcl l wa wanc nc ta tann st stjc jclj ljrl rl s` s`ii iita ta tm tmrn rn if  Wpngm﬊gjtmic N Wpngm﬊gjtmic  N >5<  ms usnl, tan lnsmocjtmic sajbb en WC \nst Wpnnl W. :4. Fjubty \nsts \nsts :4.: \nst rnsubts tajt jrn `jcmfnstby fjubty, ir tajt lmffnr ey `irn tajc > WC fri` tan jvnrjon if jbb tnsts mc tan sj`n tnst sngtmic, sajbb en trnjtnl mc jggirljcgn wmta Trjgtmgn  N :?1. :?1.

trjmbnrs. stjcljrl if mclmvmlujb njga wjs lntnr`mcnl jt njga if tarnn \an spnnls ic tanlnvmjtmic ejsms if 76 skmls, :5 njga ic njga if tarnn pjls. Mt wjs jbsi lntnr`mcnl fir njga trjmbnr ic jc ivnr-jbb spnnl ejsms if :41 mclmvmlujb skmls, :5 jt njga if tarnn spnnls ic njga if tarnn pjls.

::.. Unpi :: Unpirt rt ::.:   Fmnbl Unpirt “\an “\an ﬊nbl rnpirt fir njga sngtmic sajbb gictjmc ljtj ic tan fibbiwmco mtn`s8 ::.:.: ::. :.: Bigjt Bigjtmic mic jcl mlnc mlnctm﬊gj tm﬊gjtmic tmic if tnst sngtmic, sngtmic, ::.:.5 ::. :.5 Ljtn jcl tm`n if ljy, ::.:.7 ::. :.7 _njta njtanr nr giclm giclmtmic tmics8 s8 prmc prmcgmpjb gmpjbby by tn`p tn`pnrjt nrjturn, urn, gbiul givnr, jcl wmcl,

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Wuppirtmco Wupp irtmco ljtj jrn jvjmbjeb jvjmbjebnn fri` JW\@ Anjlqujrtnrs. Unqunst UU8N:?:444.

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N 5?< ‗ 46 UNFNUNCGNW (:)   An Ancr cry y, Hia Hiac c Hn Hnwn wntt, tt, ‒^ ‒^sn sn if Eb Ebjc jck k jc jcl l Um Umeen eenl l \ns nstt \m \mrn rnss fi firr Nvjbujtmco _nt-Tjvn`nct Frmgtmic,‐ \rjcspirtjtmic Unsnjrga Ungirl ?11. (5)   Oiilnciw Oiilnciw,, O. B., Kibaiff, Kibaiff, \. U., jcl W`mtasi W`mtasic, c, F. L., ‒\mrn-Uijl ‒\mrn-Uijl Frmgtmic @njsurmco Wystn`“J Wngicl Oncnrjtmic,‐ Wigmnty if Juti`itmvn Ncomcnnrs, Tjpnr Ci. 614:7?. (7)   Ku` Ku``nr `nr,, A. _., jcl @ny @nynr nr,, _. N., ‒\ ‒\nctj nctjtmvn tmvn Wkm Wkml l Uns Unsmstj mstjcgn cgn Unqumrn`ncts fir @jmc Uurjb Amoawjys,‐ Cjtmicjb Giipnrjtmvn Amoa-

Trnsnctjtmic ti JW\@ Gi``mttnn N-:?, @jrga 55, :=6?. Jvjmbjebn js Oncnrjb @itirs Trivmco Oriucl Unpirt TO-567=>. (6) W`mta, B. B., jcl Fubbnr, W. B., ‒Fbirmlj Wkml Girrnbjtmic Wtuly if  :=6?“Wkml \nstmco wmta \rjmbnrs,‐  JW\@ W\T 6 , J`. Wig. \nstmco jcl @jts., :=6=. (?) Giik, B. @., jcl Ljcgy, _. A., Hr., ‒Lnvnbip`nct jcl Fjermgjtmic if  tan Vmromcmj Wkml-Unsmstjcgn @njsurn`nct Vnamgbn-@ilnb 5,‐ Vmromcmj Amoawjy Unsnjrga Giucgmb (Eix 71:?, ^cmvnrsmty Wtjtmic, Gajrbit-

wjy Unsnjrga Triorj`, Unpirt Ci. 7?, Amoawjy Unsnj Unsnjrga rga Eijrl, :=6?. ()   Oiil Oiilnci nciw w, O. B., ‒\an Lnsm Lnsmoc oc jcl Gic Gicstru strugtm gtmic ic if tan Onc Oncnrj nrjbb @itirs Trivmco Oriucl @ilnb MM Ginf Ginffm fmgmnct gmnct if Frmgtmi Frmgtmic c Vnamgbn namgbn,‐ ,‐

tnsvmbbn, VJ 55=47). (1) @nynr, @nynr, _. N., Ano`ic, U. U., jcl Ombbnsp Ombbnspmn, mn, \. L., ‒Bigknl-_annb ‒Bigknl-_annb Tjvn`nct Tjvn `nct Wkml \nstn nstnrr Girr Girrnbjt nbjtmic mic jcl Gjb Gjbmerj merjtmic tmic \ngac ngacmqun mquns,‐ s,‐ CGAUT Unpirt Ci. :>:, \rjcspirtjtmic Unsnjrga Eijrl, :=? -=>1> 1> (pai (paicn) cn),, 6:4 6:4-175 -175-=> -=>>> >> (fj (fjx), x), ir snrv snrvmgn mgnDjs Djst`. t`.iro iro (n-` (n-`jmb jmb); ); ir tari tariuoa uoa tan JW\ JW\@ @ wne wnesmt smtn  n  (www.jst`.iro).

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