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󰁐󰁯󰁲󰀺 󰁃󰃩󰁳󰁡󰁲 󰁃󰁨󰁩󰁬󰁥󰁴

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  󰁅󰁬 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁡󰁭󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁡󰁭󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁯 󰁓󰁅󰁐 󰁤󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲: 

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  󰁳󰁥󰁧󰁵󰁩󰁤󰁯   󰁡󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁯

󰁦󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁳 󰁹 󰁡󰁬󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 

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  󰁕󰁮 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁮󰃳󰁳󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁥󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁯󰁳   A󰁤󰁯󰁰󰁴󰁡󰁲 󰁭󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁳 .

  󰁐󰁯󰁲 󰁥󰁬󰁬󰁯, 󰁥󰁬󰁬󰁯, 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁤󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁵󰁮 󰁭󰁯󰁤󰁥󰁬󰁯 󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁡󰁬 󰁴󰁩󰁰󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁯.

19/03/2013

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  󰁅󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁦󰃡󰁳󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁳󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁦󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁳 󰁹 󰁥󰁬 󰁮󰁥󰁵󰁴󰁲󰁯.   󰁅󰁮 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁥 󰁭󰁯󰁤󰁥󰁬󰁯 󰁥󰁬 󰁮󰁥󰁵󰁴󰁲󰁯 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰃡 󰁬󰁩󰁧󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡. 󰁲󰁥󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡.   󰁆󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁳 󰁭󰃡󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁳󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁳󰁵󰁰󰁲󰁩󰁭󰁩󰃩󰁮󰁤󰁯󰁳󰁥 󰁳󰁵󰁰󰁲󰁩󰁭󰁩󰃩󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁳󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰁮󰁥󰁵󰁴󰁲󰁯 󰁥 󰁩󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰃭󰁭󰁢󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁳.

19/03/2013

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 󰁒󰁥󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁡󰁮 󰁳󰁩󰁭󰁢󰃳󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁦󰃡󰁳󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁢󰁲󰁡󰁤󰁯.  D󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁭󰁯󰁳󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁲 󰁣󰁬󰁡󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁯󰁰󰁯󰁬󰁯󰁧󰃭󰁡, 󰁹 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁡󰁴󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁩󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁰󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡.  D󰁥󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁴󰁩󰁰󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁯, 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁩󰁮󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁹 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁵󰁥󰁤󰁥󰁮 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳. 󰁐󰁯󰁲 󰁅󰁪󰁭󰀺 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁦󰁬󰁵󰁪󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰀬 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁯󰁣󰁩󰁲󰁣󰁵󰁩󰁴󰁯󰀬󰀬 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰀬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁣󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮󰀬 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁯󰁣󰁩󰁲󰁣󰁵󰁩󰁴󰁯 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁣󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮󰀬 󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮󰀬 󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮󰀬 󰁥󰁴󰁣󰀮

19/03/2013

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 󰁍󰃡󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁳󰃭󰁮󰁣󰁲󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁳.  󰁔󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳.   󰁌󰃭󰁮󰁥󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮. 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮.  C󰁡󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁳 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰃡󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁳 󰁯 󰁤󰁩󰁮󰃡󰁭󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁳.

 󰁴󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰃩󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁩󰁮󰁣󰁬󰁵󰁩󰁲: 

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 󰁉󰁮󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁳󰁯󰁢󰁲󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁲󰁧󰁡󰁳  󰁖󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁇, 󰁔 󰁹 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁳󰁯󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳.

19/03/2013

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[email protected]

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 󰁅󰁳 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁲󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁲 󰁴󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰃩󰁮 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁵󰁮󰁴󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡 󰁬󰁩󰁧󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁡 󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁲󰁲󰁡.  󰁔󰁩󰁰󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁩󰁧󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳:

19/03/2013

[email protected]

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19/03/2013

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19/03/2013

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  󰁆󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁆󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥, 󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁥󰁺 󰁡󰁮󰃡󰁬󰁩󰁳󰁩󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁡󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰃭󰁡 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡,󰁥󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁲󰁩󰁧󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁤󰁡󰁳 (󰁕, 󰁉, 󰁐, 󰁥󰁴󰁣.) 󰁳󰁯󰁮 󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁡󰁳 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁡󰁳 (󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁯, 󰁳󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁥󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 , 󰁰󰁵), 󰁯󰁢󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁶󰃩󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁮󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁯󰁲󰁩󰁧󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁥󰁳 (󰁥󰁮 󰁖, A, 󰁗, 󰁥󰁴󰁣.) 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁢󰁬󰁥󰁣󰁩󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤, 󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥.

19/03/2013

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Carga

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G2

Carga 19/03/2013

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  󰁍󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰃡󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁯 󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁧󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁯󰁣󰁩󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁥󰁶󰁩󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯, 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁯 󰁥󰁲󰁲󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁧󰁲󰁯󰁳󰁥󰁲󰁯󰁳.  󰁅󰁬󰁩󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁲 󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁩󰁤󰁥󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁯.  󰁌󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁯󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥 󰁳󰁩󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁲󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰃳󰁸󰁩󰁭󰁡 󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤.  󰁔󰁯󰁤󰁡󰁳 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁯󰁳󰁥󰁥󰁮 󰁬󰁡 󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁥󰁮  󰁰󰁵󰀮 (󰁡󰁵󰁮󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁡󰁮 󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁥󰁳).

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6  

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 󰁐󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁲 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁰󰁵 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁴󰁡 󰁤󰁩󰁶󰁩󰁤󰁩󰁲 󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁳 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰁵 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥, 󰃳󰁳󰁥󰁡: Valor actual valor en pu



=

Valor base

  󰁅󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁢󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁵󰁮 󰁮󰃺󰁭󰁥󰁲󰁯 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁬; 󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁡󰁣󰁴󰁵󰁡󰁬 󰁰󰁵󰁥󰁤󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁵󰁮 󰁮󰃺󰁭󰁥󰁲󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁥󰁪󰁯 (󰁳󰁩 󰁦󰁵󰁥󰁲󰁡 󰁵󰁴󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁬󰁡󰁲, 󰁳󰁥 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡 󰁡󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁬󰁡 󰁭󰁡󰁧󰁮󰁩󰁴󰁵󰁤 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲, 󰁭󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰃩󰁮󰁤󰁯󰁳󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰃡󰁮󰁧󰁵󰁬󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁯󰁲󰁩󰁧󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬).

19/03/2013

[email protected]

13

󰁅󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁮 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁴󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁥 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁯 󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁯󰁳 4 󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥.   󰁓B: 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 (󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 3φ), 󰁡󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁴󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯.   󰁖B: 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 (󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰃭󰁮󰁥󰁡), 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬. 󰁉B 󰁹 󰁚B 󰁳󰁯󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁓B 󰁹 󰁖B.  



  󰁉B: C󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰃭󰁮󰁥󰁡.



  󰁚B: 󰁉󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁤󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁡󰁳󰁥

19/03/2013

[email protected]

14

7  

Spu

 Ipu

19/03/2013

S  S  B

=

Vpu

 I 

=

   Zpu

 I  B

=

=

V  V  B  Z   Z  B

[email protected]

15



  󰁥󰁮󰁥 󰁅󰁬 󰁶󰁡 󰁅󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯 󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁢󰁡 󰁳󰁥󰁩󰁣󰁡 󰁤󰁥󰁦󰁩 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁩󰁮 󰁮󰁩󰁤 󰁩󰁤󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯 󰁴󰁯 󰁥󰁬󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴 󰁳󰁩 󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰃭 󰁲󰁧󰃭󰁡 󰁡󰁲 󰁥󰁬󰃩 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲 󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡 󰁥󰁳 󰁬󰁡󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁴 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣 󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁩󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁥󰁬󰃩 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲 󰁩󰁣󰁡, 󰁡,󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁓3󰁡φBA󰁓󰁅 (󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁬󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 (󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁬󰁭󰁥󰁮 󰁴󰁥 100 󰁍󰁖 󰁍󰁖A). A).

S φ  BASE  =

19/03/2013

S 3φ  BASE 

3

 ⇔ 

S 3φ  BASE  = 3 ⋅ S φ  BASE    (MVA)

[email protected]

16

8  



  󰁌󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥, 󰁖BA󰁓󰁅, 󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁬󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁥 󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁮 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁧󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁩󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁲󰃩󰁳: V φ  BASE  =

19/03/2013



V  L  BASE 

3

⇔    V   L  BASE  =

3 ⋅ V φ  BASE 

[email protected]

17

  󰁌󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥, 󰁉BA󰁓󰁅,󰁹 󰁬󰁡 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁤󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥, 󰁚BA󰁓󰁅, 󰁳󰁯󰁮 󰁯󰁢󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁳 󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁲 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁹 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥.  I  B  Z  B

19/03/2013

=

S  B

3 ⋅ V  B =

V  B

3 ⋅ I  B

[email protected]

=

(V  B )2 S  B

18

9  



 󰁓󰁥󰁬󰁥󰁣󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁓B

∗

(󰁡󰁲󰁢󰁩󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯) 󰁹 󰁖B (󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬):

    I  L    I PU  = =  I  B     

 Z PU 

19/03/2013



   3 ⋅ V  B  

∗

S PU 

=

S  B

 3V P2      Z P   S    = =  Z  B  V  B2       S  B  

 V  L2    2   V  B   =   S        S  B  

[email protected]

∗

V PU 

=

2 V PU 

S PU 

19

  󰁌󰁡󰁳 󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁥󰁮 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁣󰁵󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁥󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁮 󰁬󰁯 󰁳󰁩󰁧󰁵󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥: S  = V  ⋅ I   

PU 

V PU  

S    3 ⋅ V  L  

PU 

∗

PU 

=  Z PU  ⋅ I PU 

  󰁌󰁡󰁳 󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰃭󰁮󰁥󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁹 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁥󰁮 󰁵󰁮 󰁵󰁮 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁳󰁯󰁮 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁡󰁳. V PU ( L )

19/03/2013

=

V  L V  B ( L )

[email protected]

  = 

3 ⋅ V P 3 ⋅ V  B ( P )

= V PU ( P )

20

10  





 󰁏󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁦󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁥󰁮 󰁬󰁡 󰁭󰁯󰁤󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡󰁳 󰁥󰁬󰃩󰁣󰁴󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁯󰁳 󰁥󰁳 󰁥󰁬 󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁤󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁳.   󰁐󰁯󰁲 󰁥󰁪󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁯, 󰁬󰁡 󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁹 󰁬󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁡󰁴󰁩󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁤󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 (%), 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁯 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁰󰁯󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁰󰁯 󰁹 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁡󰁲󰁲󰁯󰁬󰁬󰁡󰁭󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁯󰁳.

19/03/2013

[email protected]

21

V   Z PU 

=

 Z V   Z  B

(V  ) 

 󰁒󰁥󰁣󰁡󰁬󰁣󰁵󰁬󰁡󰁲 󰁥󰁬 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲  Z  N  =  Z  PU   N   Z  B 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁵󰁳󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁮󰁵󰁥󰁶󰁡 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥.

V 

=

V 

 Z PU  ⋅ Z  B  N 

 Z  B

V 

=  Z PU  ⋅

V  2  B V   B  N  2

S 

(V  )  B  N   B

S 

 S  B N     V  BV     N  V   Z PU  =  Z PU  ⋅  V   ⋅   N     S  B    V  B   19/03/2013

[email protected]

2

22

11  





 󰁌󰁯󰁳 󰁦󰁡󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁣󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁮 󰁮󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁬󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁥󰁮 % 󰁯 󰁥󰁮 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁚, 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁯 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁡󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁮 󰁥󰁮 󰁬󰁡 󰁰󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲 (󰁰󰁲󰁩󰁭󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯 󰁯 󰁳󰁥󰁣󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯) 󰁹 󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲.  󰁌󰁯󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁥󰁮 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁳󰁯󰁮 󰁳󰁩󰁭󰁩󰁬󰁡󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁭󰃡󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁭󰁩󰁳󰁭󰁯 󰁴󰁩󰁰󰁯 󰁡󰃺󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁮 󰁡󰁭󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁯 󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁧󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁰󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤.

19/03/2013





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  󰁌󰁡󰁳 󰁚 󰁥󰁮 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁮󰁯 󰁤󰁥󰁰󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁥󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁬󰁡󰁤󰁯 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁳󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰃩 󰁡󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁺󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯.  󰁌󰁡 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁮 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁳󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁡󰁮 󰁥󰁮 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡󰁳 3 φ 󰁮󰁯 󰁡󰁦󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁡󰁮 󰁡 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁚 󰁰.󰁵., 󰁡󰁵󰁮󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁸󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁥󰁳 󰁬󰁡 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲

19/03/2013

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12  

1.  D󰁥󰁦󰁩󰁮󰁩󰁲

󰁓B 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡. 󰁺󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮. 2.   󰁉󰁤󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁩󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁲 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁩󰁦󰁥󰁲󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁺󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󲀜󰁣󰁵󰁡󰁬󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁥󰁲󲀝 󰁺󰁯󰁮󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 3.   D󰁥󰁦󰁩󰁮󰁩󰁲 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁵󰁮󰁡 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥. 4.   󰁐󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁺󰁯󰁮󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁦󰁩󰁮󰁩󰁲 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁥󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁤󰁥󰁲󰁡󰃧󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁲󰁳󰁮󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰃧󰁩󰃳󰁮. 󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁡 5.   C󰁡󰁬󰁣󰁵󰁬󰁡󰁲 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁳 (󰁚, 󰁉) 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁺󰁯󰁮󰁡 󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁲 󰁤󰁥 󰁓B 󰁹 󰁖B 󲀓 󰁳󰁩 󰁥󰁳 󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯. 19/03/2013

6. 7. 8.

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󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁤󰁡󰁴󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯󰁳 󰁡 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁶󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳    C󰁯󰁮󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁲 󰁐󰁲󰁯󰁣󰁥󰁤󰁥󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁮 󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁣󰃡󰁬󰁣󰁵󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁮󰁥󰁣󰁥󰁳󰁡󰁲󰁩󰁯󰁳 󰁹 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁯󰁬󰁶󰁥󰁲 󰁥󰁬 󰁰󰁲󰁯󰁢󰁬󰁥󰁭󰁡.   C󰁯󰁮󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁴󰁩󰁲 󰁴󰁯󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁴󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁵󰁬󰁴󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁥󰁮 󰁰.󰁵. 󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁥󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁶󰁡󰁳 󰁵󰁮󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤󰁥󰁳.

19/03/2013

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13  

19/03/2013

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19/03/2013

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14  

2



V    S   C󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁩󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁤󰁡󰁮󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁳

19/03/2013

19/03/2013

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[email protected]

 Z pu 2

=

Z pu1

((V  B1 ))2   B 2

B2

S  B1

29

30

15  





  󰁅󰁮󰁣󰁯󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁲 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁮󰁶󰃭󰁯 󰁖󰁳. 󰁵󰁳󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁥󰁮  󰁰󰀮󰁵󰀮   󰁔󰁥󰁮󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁯 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰃺󰁮 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰃺 󰁮 󰁡 100 󰁍󰁖A. 󰁕󰁳󰁡󰁲, 󰁕󰁳󰁡󰁲, 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁮󰁯󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁴󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁳󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁤󰁯󰁲 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁯 󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁢󰁡󰁳󰁥.

19/03/2013

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