Sistemas de La Organizacion de La Administracion Publica

 

QKQPCIGQ @C HRLGFKTGAKÑF @C JG G@IKFKQPRGAKÑF ^ÔBJKAG  ^ÔBJKAG   Qhf jgs ohrigs h cj ih`h `c hr`cfgr h `c cstruaturgr jgs pgrtcs quc kftclrgrgf cj Hrlgfksih Cdcautkvh y jgs cftk`g`cs pôbjkags `c jg G`ikfkstrgakñf Cstgtgj, ahf jg okfgjk`g` `c jhlrgr jg ufk`g` `c gaakñf, `krcaakñf y cdcauakñf, cvktgr jg `upjkak`g` `c csoucrzhs y gjagfzgr cahfñikagicftc jhs okfcs y jgs hbjklgakhfcs `cj Cstg`h sc÷gjg`hs cf jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg 7. Acf Acftrg trgjkz jkzgak gakñf ñf h ahf ahfacf acftrg trgakñ akñff 2. @c @csa sacf cftr trgj gjkz kzga gakñ kñff 1. @c @csa sahf hfac acft ftrg rgak akñf ñf 0. Guthfh fhi iég ACFPRGJKTGAKHF Augf`h jhs ñrlgfhs sc glrupgf ahjhaçf`hsc ufhs rcspcaths g htrhs cf ufg sktugakñf `c `cpcf`cfakg. Jg rcjgakñf `c dcrgrquég ahfskstc cf ufg rcjgakñf `c `cpcf`cfakg quc kipjkag akcrths ph`crcs `c jhs ñrlgfhs supcrkhrcs shbrc jhs kfocrkhrcs cf ag`g lrg`h `c dcrgrquég mgstg cj prcsk`cftc `c jg rcpôbjkag, cs quc cs Dcoc Dcrçrqukah supcrkhr `c jg G`ikfkstrgakñf ^ubjkag.

@cokfkakñf4  Gqucj skstcig h ohrig `c hrlgfkzgakñf g`ikfkstrgtkvg quc sc bgsg cf jg dcrgrquég, cf jg quc sc cfaucftrg ahfacftrg`h th`h cj ph`cr `cj igf`h y `cakskñf, cf cj ñrlgfh quc haupg cj içs gjth lrg`h `c jg pkrçik`c dcrçrqukag `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf (^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpubjkag). Cf Lugtcigjg, cs fhtgbjcicftc acftrgjkzg`g, (Hrlgfksih Cdcautkvh) yg quc jgs `cakskhfcs y phjétkags lcfcrgjcs `cpcf`cf `cj ñrlgfh supcrkhr dcrçrqukah, qukcf cs cj ^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpubjkag. Cj Hrlgfksih Cdcautkvh `cbc ahhr`kfgrsc jgs cftk`g`cs quc ohrigf pgrtc `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf `csacftrgjkzg`g.

 

Agrgatcréstkags4 7. Cxkstc uf Qupcrkhr Dcrçrqukah, qukcf cs cj içs gjth lrg`h `cftrh `c jg pkrçik` pkrçik`cc `c jg csagjg, quc cs cj ^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpubjkag 2. Cxkstc rcjgakñf `c subhr`kfgakñf `c jhs ñrl ñrlgfhs gfhs g`ikfkstrgtkvhs quc pcrtcfcacf g jg dcrgrquég g`ikfkstrgtkvg `cj hrlgfksih cdcautkvh, vkacprcsk`cftc, Ikfkstcrkhs, _kacikfkstcrkhs, Qcarctgrkgs. 1. Qc i igfkokc gfkokcstgf stgf jhs ph`cr ph`crcs cs ``c4 c4 g) Igf`h b) @ksakpjkfgrkh a) `cjclgakñf `) Ahftrhj 0. Jhs ñrlgfhs kfocrkhrcs cdcautgf jgs ñr`cfcs skf igyhr ph`cr `c `cakskñf `c ag agrçatcr rçatcr phjétkah, pucs jg `cakskñf phjétkag jc ahrrcsphf`c ahf cxajuskvk`g` gj ^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpubjkag. Cjcicfths4 7. Sfk`g`4 Sfk`g`4 Jg  Jg ufk`g` `c igf`h, quc kfkakg ahf cj prcsk`cftc y tcrikfg ahf cj ujtkih cipjcg`h `cj hrlgfksih cdcautkvh 2. Dcrgrquég4 Dcrgrquég4 Qc  Qc cstgbjcac ahf jgs rcjgakhfcs `c subhr`kfgakñf quc cxkstc `cftrh `c jhs ñrlgfhs `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf. 1. Ahftrhj4 Ahftrhj4 Wuc  Wuc cdcrac cj supcrkhr, cs ufg `c jgs phtcstg`cs `c jg dcrgrquég. 0. ^htcstg` `c rcvkskñf4 `c rcvkskñf4 `c jg gatugakñf `c jhs subhr`kfg`hs phr cj ñrlgfh supcrkhr.  _cftgdgs4 7. Qc gsclurg cj ahftrhj phjét phjétkah kah ahf cj ñrlgfh suprcih `cftrh `c th`h cj tcr tcrrkthrkh. rkthrkh. 2. Jgs gatu gatugakhf gakhfcs cs `c jhs subh subhr`kfg r`kfg`hs `hs cs ahft ahftrhjg` rhjg`gg

 

1. Jhs prhac`kikcfths g`ikfkstrgtkvhs shf ufkohrics y jhs pgrtkaujgrcs sg sgbcf bcf g `ñf`c `krklkr sus pctkakhfcs 0. Qc jhlrg prcstg prcstgrr jhs scrvkakhs pôbjkahs cf ohrig ccahfñikag, ahfñikag, phrquc cj Cstg Cstg`h `h gtkcf`c th`h cj tcrrkthrkh. 3. Cj ahftrh ahftrhjj y oksagjkzg oksagjkzgakñf akñf `c jg gatkv gatkvk`g` k`g` g`i g`ikfkstr kfkstrgtkvg gtkvg cs coc cocatkvh atkvh ?. Jgs phjétkags g`ikfkstrgtkvgs shf ufkohrics pucs `cpc `cpcf`cf f`cf `cj supcr supcrkhr khr dcrçrqukah quc ahfstktuyc jg ufk`g` `c igf`h. @csvcftgdgs 7. Mgy acftrgjksih burharçtkah yg quc jgs hokakfgs sc ubkagf su igyhrég cf jg sc`c phjétkag `cj lhbkcrfh h agpktgj `cj Cstg`h 2. Jg g`ikfkstrgakñf sc thrfg kfcokakc kfcokakcftc ftc cf jhs tcrrkthrkhs gjc gjcdg`hs dg`hs `c jg agpktgj 1. Jgs pctkakhfcs ppjgftcg`gs jgftcg`gs phr jhs pgrtkaujgrcs `cbcf sclukr uf trçiktc jgrlh jh quc rcprcsc rcprcscftg ftg tkciph y `kfcrh @CQACFPRGJKTGAKHF Cj hbdctkvh `c jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf cs quc cj ph`cr y jg thig `c `cakskhfcs fh quc`cf ahfacftrg`h cf phags pcrshfgs h çrcgs y sc `cjcluc mgakg zhfgs ahf icfhs dcrgrquég, dcrgrquég , hthrlçf`hjcs igyhr guthfhiég y jkbcrtg`. ^hr htrh jg`h, kipjkag jg`h, kipjkag quc jhs cipjcg`hs `c igyhr dcrgrquég fh `cbgf shbrcagrlgrsc `c shbrcagrlgrsc  `c kfohrigakñf fk `c rcsphfsgbkjk`g`cs skfh cfohagrsc cf `ctcrikfg`gs çrcgs h tcigs. Qc rcokcrc g ac`cr pgrtc `c jg guthrk`g` y ph`cr g htrhs cftcs u hrlgfkzgakhfcs lubcrfgicftgjcs g okf `c quc `cf shjuakñf g `kvcrsgs sktugakhfcs quc jcs gtg÷cf `krcatgicftc. Cf cstc agsh, jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf puc`c scr cf igyhr h icfhr lrg`h, sclôf scg `csklfg`h. @cokfkakñf4

 

Cs ufg tcf`cfakg hrlgfkzgtkvg `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pubjkag, ahfohric g jg augj sc ahfokcrc pcrshfgjk`g` duré`kag prhpkg g akcrths cftcs g jhs quc sc jcs hthrlg guthfhiég hrlçfkag rcjgtkvg, rcspcath `cj ñrlgfh acftrgj pgrg cfagrlgrjc gatkvk`g`cs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs. Jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf tkcfc julgr augf`h sc ahfoég jg rcgjkzgakñf `c gjlufgs gatkvk`g`cs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs g hrlgfksihs `csvkfaujg`hs cf igyhr h icfhr lrg`h `c jg G`ikfkstrgakñf acftrgj. Jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf cs jg `cakskñf phjétkag `c jhs lhbcrfgftcs, `c cftrclgr g jhs lhbkcrfhs rclkhfgjcs, jhagjcs y iufkakpgjcs, ufg scrkc `c rcsphfsgbkjk`g`cs quc vgf `cs`c gaths phjétkahs, mgstg aucstkhfcs prcsupucstgrkgs y `c pjgfkokagakñf. Cs trgsjg`gr `cj Lhbkcrfh Acftrgj h G`ikfkstrgakñf Acftrgj g cftcs `csacftrgjkzg`hs akcrtgs ahipctcfakgs h oufakhfcs, cstrkbg cf ahfokgr gjlufgs gatkvk`g`cs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs g ñrlgfhs quc lugr`gf ufg rcjgakñf. Agrgatcréstkags4 7. ^c ^crs rshfg hfgjkjk`g `g`` Du Duré ré`k `kag ag 2. ^gtr ^gtrki kihf hfkh kh ^r ^rhp hpkh kh 1. @ks @ksphf phfkbk kbkjk` jk`g` g` `c rca rcaurs urshs. hs. 0. Rë Rëlk lkic icff Du Duré ré`k `kah ah ^^rh rhpk pkhh 3. Gu Guth thrk rk`g `g`c `css ^r ^rhp hpkg kgss Qudcths `cj prhacsh `c `csacftrgjkzgakñf 

Qudcth Gatkvh4 cs jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag acftrgj yg quc cj trgsjg`h `c ahipctcfakgs

phjétkags, cahfñikags y g`ikfkstrgtkvgs `cbc scr `cj acftrh g jhs cxtrcihs, cs `cakr `cj ñrlgfh acftrgj g cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs. 

Qudcth ^gskvh4 Qhf jhs `cstkfgtgrkhs `c jg `cjclgakñf `c jgs ahipctcfakgs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs,

phjétkags y okfgfakcrgs `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf acftrgj Arcgakñf Cftcs @csacftrgjkzg`hs4

 

Cf Lugtcigjg jg arcgakñf `c cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs y gutñfhigs jc ahrrcsphf`c gj Ahflrcsh `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg, ahf cj vhth ogvhrgbjc `c `hs tcracrgs pgrtcs `c sus `kputg`hs.

Qudcths `c ahhr`kfgakñf. ahhr`kfgakñf. Qhf gqucjjhs, quc skf scr sudcths gatkvhs h pgskvhs, ahjgbhrgf y ahhpcrgf ahf jg rcgjkzgakñf y pcrocaakñf `cj prhacsh `c `csacftrgjkzgakñf, cs `cakr ahg`yuvgf ahf jg g`ikfkstrgakñf acftrgj y cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs, pgrg quc cj trgsjg`h `c ahipctcfakgs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs, phjétkags y okfgfakcrgs sc rcgjkacf `c igfcrg cocatkvg. ^hr cdcipjh cf Lugtcigjg4 

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Cj Kfstktuth `c Ohicfth Iufkakpgj (KFOHI)  Gshakgakñf Fgakhfgj `c Iufkakpgjk`g`cs (GFGI) Hrlgfksihs Fh Lubcrfgicftgjcs

Cf jg Ahiufk`g` Kftcrfgakhfgj phr cdcipjh4 

Jg Glcfakg Qucag pgrg cj `csgrrhjjh kftcrfgakhfgj (GQ@K),

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Cj Ikfkstcrkh `c Ahhpcrgakñf Cahfñikag y @csgrrhjjh (BIT) `cj Lhbkcrfh `c Gjcigfkg,

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Jg Ahhpcrgakñf Pëafkag Gjcigfg (LPT), cftrc htrhs.

Hr`cfgikcfth duré`kah bgsc `c jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf. Bgsc ahfstktuakhfgj. Cj Grtéaujh 220 `c jg Ahfstktuakñf cstgbjc jg `kvkskñf `cj tcrrkthrkh `c jg Rcpôbjkag pgrg su g`ikfkstrgakñf cf `cpgrtgicfths y iufkakpkhs, gsé ahih jg phskbkjk`g` `c cstgbjcacr rclkhfcs, skf cibgrlh jhs `cpgrtgicfths y jgs rclkhfcs fh shf kfstktuakhfcs `csacftrgjkzg`gs yg quc cj lhbkcrfh `c jhs `cpgrtgicfths cstç g agrlh `c uf lhbcrfg`hr fhibrg`h phr cj ^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpôbjkag, y jgs rclkhfcs jgs rklc uf Ahfscdh Rclkhfgj `c @csgrrhjjh Srbgfh y Rurgj, prcac`k`h phr uf

 

rcprcscftgftc `cj ^rcsk`cftc `c jg Rcpôbjkag, phr jh quc sc ahfstgtg quc fucstrg Ahfstktuakñf mgac ufg ahfouskñf ahf cj skstcig `csahfacftrg`h `c g`ikfkstrgakñf ahf cj `csacftrgjkzg`h. Jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg cstgbjcac ahih ufg hbjklgakñf ouf`gicftgj `cj Cstg`h `csacftrgjkzgr jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag, g trgvës `c cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs h gutñfhigs, cf ahfouskñf ahf jg tchrég lcfcrgj `c `crcamh g`ikfkstrgtkvh quc rcahfhac shjh cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs. Jcycs Hr`kfgrkgs4 Jg Jcy ^rcjkikfgr `c Rclkhfgjkzgakñf @carcth -=? `cj Ahflrcsh `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg4 Cstgbjcac Lugtcigjg4  Cstgbjcac hamh rclkhfcs cf cj pgés. Cj hbdctkvh sclôf cj grtéaujh 7 cs ‚`csacftrgjkzgr jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag y jhlrgr quc jgs gaakhfcs `c lhbkcrfh sc jjcvcf g agbh ahfohric g jgs fcacsk`g`cs `c jg phbjgakñf...’ Jgs kfstgfakgs ahfarctgs pgrg mgacr hpcrgtkvg jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf y jg pgrtkakpgakñf aku`g`gfg cf jg thig `c `cakskhfcs `c jgs rclkhfcs sc fhrigf phr jg Jcy `c jhs Ahfscdhs `c @csgrrhjjh Srbgfh y Rurgj. Jcy `cj Hrlgfksih Cdcautkvh @carcth 770-;< `cj Ahflrcsh `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg44 cf cj ôjtkih ahfsk`crgf`h `c jg jcy cs `cokfk`g jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf ahih4 ‚cj prhacsh Lugtcigjg ic`kgftc cj augj cj Lhbkcrfh acftrgj `cjclg jg cdcauakñf y ahftrhj g`ikfkstrgtkvh `c akcrtgs oufakhfcs g cftcs `kstkfths `c sé iksih g sus cftk`g`cs gutñfhigs y `csacftrgjkzg`gs, rctcfkcf`h jgs oufakhfcs rclujg`hrg, fhrigtkvg y `c okfgfakgikcfth ahf agrçatcr subsk`kgrkh y `c ahftrhj.’ Pgibkëf cstgbjcac cf cj grtéaujh 1 quc jgs oufakhfcs `c lcstkñf g`ikfkstrgtkvg y `c cdcauakñf y supcrvkskñf `c hbrgs ph`rçf `cjclgrsc g tcracrgs pcrshfgs, ahiktës, gshakgakhfcs h cftk`g`cs augf`h cj Cdcautkvh jh duzlgrc k`ñfch pgrg jhlrgr igyhr cokagakg y cokakcfakg cf cj auipjkikcfth `c sus oufakhfcs.  G`ciçs cj grtéaujh 0 prcacptôg quc ufh `c jhs prkfakpkhs quc rklc jg oufakñf g`ikfkstrgtkvg cs jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf.

 

Jcy `c @csgrrhjjh Qhakgj @carcth 02-2>>7 `cj Ahflrcsh `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg4 Lugtcigjg 4 grtéaujh 7 cstgbjcac cj hbdctkvh `c jg jcy ‚jg arcgakñf `c uf igrah duré`kah quc pcriktg kipjcicftgr prhac`kikcfths jclgjcs y `c phjétkags pôbjkags pgrg jjcvgr g agbh jg prhihakñf, pjgfkokagakñf, ahhr`kfgakñf, cdcauakñf, sclukikcfth y cvgjugakñf `c jgs gaakhfcs lubcrfgtkvgs y `cj Cstg`h cfagikfg`gs gj `csgrrhjjh `c jg pcrshfg muigfg...’ Cf cj scluf`h agpétujh rclujg jhs prkfakpkhs rcathrcs cf igtcrkg `c `csgrrhjjh shakgj kfajuycf`h g jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf Cf cj grtéaujh ; quc rclujg4 ‚jg prcscftc jcy rcahfhac jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf cahfñikag y g`ikfkstrgtkvg ahih pgrtc `c jg rcohrig `cj Cstg`h y ahih ufg `c jgs prkfakpgjcs cstrgtclkgs pgrg gtcf`cr jgs `cigf`gs shakgjcs `c jg phbjgakñf.’ Jcy `c Ahfscdhs `c @csgrrhjjh Srbgfh y Rurgj @csgrrhjjh @carcth 77-2>>2 `cj Ahflrcsh `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg4 Lugtcigjg4 Hbdctkvh4 Cs prhihvcr jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf cahfñikag- g`ikfkstrgtkvg ahih ic`kh pgrg prhihvcr cj `csgrrhjjh kftclrgj `cj pgés. Jg jcy cstgbjcac cj Qkstcig @c Ahfscdhs @c @csgrrhjjh Srbgfh [ Rurgj, auyh hbdctkvh sclôf cj grtéaujh 1 cs4 ‚hrlgfkzgr y ahhr`kfgr jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag ic`kgftc jg ohriujgakñf `c phjétkags, pjgfcs y prhlrgigs `c `csgrrhjjh, pjgfcs y prhlrgigs prcsupucstgrkhs y cj kipujsh `c jg ahhr`kfgakñf kftcrkfstktuakhfgj, pôbjkag y prkvg`g.’  Jcy Lcfcrgj `c @csacftrgjkzgakñf @carcth 70-2>>2 y su Rcljgicfth 172-2>>24 Cftrñ 172-2>>24  Cftrñ cf vklcfakg cj >7 `c >< `cj g÷h 2>>2. Hbdctkvh sclôf cj grtéaujh 7 y 2 ‚prhihvcr `c ohrig skstciçtkag jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf cahfñikag g`ikfkstrgtkvg, pgrg jhlrgr uf g`caug`h `csgrrhjjh `cj pgés...’ phr jh quc sc `cokfc g jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf ahih ‚cj prhacsh ic`kgftc cj augj sc trgfsokcrc `cs`c cj Hrlgfksih Cdcautkvh g jgs iufkakpgjk`g`cs y `ciçs kfstktuakhfcs `cj Cstg`h, y g jgs ahiufk`g`cs hrlgfkzg`gs jclgjicftc,

 

ahf pgrtkakpgakñf `c jgs iufkakpgjk`g`cs, cj ph`cr `c `cakskñf, jg tktujgrk`g` `c jg ahipctcfakg, jgs oufakhfcs, jhs rcaurshs `c okfgfakgikcfth pgrg jg gpjkagakñf `c jgs phjétkags pôbjkags fgakhfgjcs.’ Qk bkcf jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf pcriktc uf gacragikcfth rçpk`h y hphrtufh g jg thig `c `cakskhfcs, gj tkciph quc `csahflcstkhfg uf lruph `c oufakhfcs cf cj fkvcj acftrgj, tgibkëf `g pkc g uf `csgrrhjjh tcrrkthrkgj `csprhphrakhfg`h, kiphskbkjktg cj vcr`g`crh pgpcj `cj Cstg`h Cstg`h cf  cf jg shakc`g` y skcftg jgs bgscs pgrg jg ahfohrigakñf `c ëjktcs jhagjcs ahf kftcrcscs pgrtkaujgrcs, quc puc`cf gtcftgr ahftrg cj bkcfcstgr `c jg shakc`g`. @CQAHFACFPRGAKHF4 Jg `cjclgakñf `c akcrtgs ogaujtg`cs `c guthrk`g` quc mgac cj tktujgr `c ufg `cpcf`cfakg g ogvhr `c ñrlgfhs quc jc cstçf subhr`kfg`hs, dcrçrqukagicftc. @cokfkakñf4 Jg `csahfacftrgakñf cs ufg tëafkag `c hrlgfkzgakñf quc ahfskstc cf `cjclgr kiphrtgftcs ph`crcs `c `cakskñf cf glcftcs `cj ph`cr acftrgj quc sc cfaucftrgf g jg agbczg `c jgs `kstkftgs akraufsarkpakhfcs g`ikfkstrgtkvgs h `c `kvcrshs scrvkakhs. Agrgatcréstkags4 7. shf arcg`hs phr ufg jcy h rcljgicfth 2. @cpcf`cf skciprc `c uf supcrkhr dcrçrqukah. (^rcsk`cfakg, Qcarctgrkg, h uf Ikfkstcrkh). Qus ahipctcfakgs `crkvgf `c jgs ogaujtg`cs `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf acftrgj. 1. Qu pgtrkihfkh cs cj iksih `c jg G`ikfkstrgakñf Acftrgj, pcrh puc`cf tcfcr su prhpkh prcsupucsth. 0. Jgs `cakskhfcs içs kiphrtgftcs rcqukcrcf jg gprhbgakñf `cj ñrlgfh quc `cpcf`cf. 3. Pkcfc shjh guthfhiég tëafkag.

 

Cf Lugtcigjg jg `csahfacftrgakñf g`ikfkstrgtkvg cs phah ahfhak`g y fh cs ahrrkcftc su gpjkagakñf, pucs kipjkag quc cj ñrlgfh supcrkhr sc `csprcf`c `c akcrtg pgrtc `c ph`cr y ahipctcfakgs jh quc skciprc sc ahfsk`crg kfahfvcfkcftc. Cxkstc ahfouskñf `c cftk`g`cs `csahfacftrg`gs y `csacftrgjkzg`gs, skf cibgrlh cf Lugtcigjg sc ahfsk`crgf ahih pgrtc `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag `csahfacftrg`g g4 

Jhs Ahfscdhs `c @csgrrhjjh Srbgfh y Rurgj y,

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Jgs Rclkhfcs @csahfacftrgakñf

@csacftrgjkzgakñf.

Jhs ñrlgfhs `csahfacftrg`hs shf `c hrklcf Jhs ñrlgfhs `csacftrgjkzg`hs tkcfcf su hrklcf jclgj, arcg`hs phr @carcths ciktk`hs phr cj cf ufg jcy, quc rclujgricftc cs ciktk`g phr cj Dcoc `c Lhbkcrfh, ^rcsk`cftc, h ^rkicr Ikfkstrh Hrlgfksih Jclksjgtkvh, ^grjgicfth, ahf y phr @carcths ciktk`hs phr cj Hrlgfksih igyhrcs rcqukskths quc jhs ñrlgfhs Jclksjgtkvh h ^grjgicfth kf`kstkftgicftc

`csahfacftrg`hs.

Cxkstc ufg `cpcf`cfakg ahf cj supcrkhr Cxkstc guthfhiég hrlçfkag y tëafkag.  dcrçrqukah. Pkcfc shjh guthfhiég tëafkag. Qu pgtrkihfkh cs cj iksih `c jg g`ikfkstrgakñf Pkcfc pgtrkihfkh prhpkh. acftrgj. Cs hptgtkvh `htgr `c pcrshfgjk`g` duré`kag gj Pkcfc pcrshfgjk`g` duré`kag prhpkg, phr jh quc ñrlgfh `csahfacftrg`h.

sc arcg uf fucvh cftc `c `crcamh pôbjkah.

Jgs `cakskhfcs içs kiphrtgftcs rcqukcrcf jg Jgs guthrk`g`cs prhpkgs `cak`cf sus phjétkags y gprhbgakñf `cj ñrlgfh quc `cpcf`c.

pjgfcs, shjh `cbcf `c scr ahhr`kfg`hs ahf jg phjétkag lcfcrgj `cj Cstg`h.

Cxkstc ph`cr dcrçrqukah4 cj supcrkhr igftkcfc cj Cxkstc ufg tutcjg g`ikfkstrgtkvg, cs `cakr ahftrhj

shjgicftc supcrvkskñf phr uf ñrlgfh acftrgj.

Jgs fhrigs h rcljgicfths `c jhs ñrlgfhs Jhs ñrlgfhs `csacftrgjkzg`hs puc`cf ciktkr `csahfacftrg`hs shf ciktk`hs phr cj supcrkhr sus hr`cfgfzgs y rcljgicfths.

 

 dcrçrqukah.

Jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg vklcftc `cs`c 7,;=? cstgbjcac ahih ufg hbjklgakñf ouf`gicftgj `cj Cstg`h `csacftrgjkzgr jg g`ikfkstrgakñf pôbjkag, g trgvës `c cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs h gutñfhigs, cf ahfouskñf ahf jg tchrég lcfcrgj `c `crcamh g`ikfkstrgtkvh. Jg jcy jc `g agtclhrég `kstkftg g jg guthfhiég gj `kocrcfakgrjg `c jg `csacftrgjkzgakñf, ikcftrgs quc pgrg jg tchrég `c `csacftrgjkzgakñf y guthfhiég shf `cfhikfgakhfcs `c uf iksih skstcig `c hrlgfkzgakñf g`ikfkstrgtkvg. ^grg cvktgr igyhr ahfouskñf cftrc jhs cftcs quc pcrtcfcacf gj skstcig `csacftrgjkzg`h y gutñfhih, sc thig ahih rcocrcfakg, cj Ajgskokag`hr Kfstktuakhfgj `cj Qcathr ^ôbjkah, ahftcfk`h cf cj Igfugj `c Ajgskokagakhfcs ^rcsupucstgrkgs pgrg cj Qcathr ^ôbjkah `c Lugtcigjg, quc jhs `kvk`c `c jg sklukcftc igfcrg4 Cftk`g`cs `csacftrgjkzg`gs fh ciprcsgrkgjcs4  ciprcsgrkgjcs4  7. Auc Aucrph rph `c Bhi Bhibcr bcrhs hs _hj _hjuft uftgrk grkhs hs 2. Qupcr Qupcrkftcf kftcf`cfakg `cfakg `c G`ikfk G`ikfkstrg strgakñf akñf Prkbut Prkbutgrkg grkg 1. Kfs Kfstkt tktuth uth Fga Fgakhf khfgj gj ``cc Ah Ahhpc hpcrgt rgtkvg kvgss 0. Qu Qupc pcrk rkft ftcf cf`c `cfa fakg kg `c BBgf gfah ahss 3. Kfs Kfstkt tktuth uth `c AAkcf kcfakg akg y Pc Pcafh afhjhl jhlég ég Glr Glréah éahjg jg ?. Kfs Kfstkt tktuth uth Fga Fgakhf khfgj gj `c Bhs Bhsquc qucss @C JG AHFQPKPSAKÑF) Jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg cstgbjcac cf su Grtéaujh 7>>, quc jg gpjkagakñf `cj rëlkicf `c sclurk`g` shakgj ahrrcsphf`c gj Kfstktuth Lugtcigjtcah `c Qclurk`g` Qhakgj. Lhzg `c cxhfcrgakñf thtgj `c kipucsths, ahftrkbuakhfcs y grbktrkhs, cstgbjcak`hs h phr cstgbjcacrsc. Cj kfstktuth Lugtcigjtcah `c Qclurk`g` Qhakgj `cbc pgrtkakpgr ahf jgs kfstktuakhfcs `c sgju` cf ohrig ahhr`kfg`g. Cstg kfstktuakñf sc cfaucftrg rclujg`g phr su prhpkg Jcy Hrlçfkag y tkcfc jg ogaujtg` `c guth rcljgicftgrsc, jh quc jc ahrrcsphf`c g su içxkig guthrk`g` quc cs su Duftg @krcatkvg, cj augj

 

cs uf ñrlgfh ahjclkg`h. A. CJ ISFKAK^KH (GRPÉASJH 231 @C JG AHFQPKPSAKÑF) Cj Grtéaujh 231 `c jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag, prcacptôg quc jhs iufkakpkhs shf KFQPKPSAKHFCQ  GSPÑFHIGQ,, y ahrrcsphf`c cftrc htrgs oufakhfcs jgs sklukcftcs4  GSPÑFHIGQ g. Cjclkr g sus prhpkgs guthrk`g`cs. b. Hbtcfcr y `ksphfcr `c sus rcaurshs. a. Gtcf`cr jhs scrvkakhs pôbjkahs jhagjcs, cj hr`cfgikcfth tcrrkthrkgj `c su durks`kaakñf y cj auipjkikcfth `c sus okfcs prhpkhs. Cj lhbkcrfh `c uf iufkakpkh cs cdcrak`h phr uf Ahfacdh Iufkakpgj, cj augj quc`g kftclrg`h phr cj Gjagj`c, jhs séf`kahs y ahfacdgjcs, jhs quc shf cjcaths `krcatgicftc phr suorglkh ufkvcrsgj y scarcth pgrg uf pcréh`h `c augtrh g÷hs, pu`kcf`h scr rccjcaths. Wuc`g cstgbjcak`h tgibkëf, `cftrh `cj Grtéaujh 23< `c jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag quc cj Cdcautkvh `cbc kfajukr gfugjicftc cf cj prcsupucsth lcfcrgj `c kflrcshs hr`kfgrkhs `cj Cstg`h, uf `kcz phr akcfth. @. AHFOC@CRGAKÑF @C^HRPK_G GSPÑFHIG @C LSGPCIGJG (GRP. ;2 A^RL) Jg Ahfoc`crgakñf @cphrtkvg Gutñfhig `c Lugtcigjg cs cj hrlgfksih rcathr y dcrçrqukagicftc supcrkhr `cj `cphrtc oc`crg`h cf cj hr`cf fgakhfgj. Pkcfc pcrshfgjk`g` duré`kag y pgtrkihfkh prhpkh. Qu oufakhfgikcfth cstç fhrig`h ôfkagicftc phr jh quc cstgbjcac jg jcy, sus rcljgicfths y cstgtuths. Cs uf hrlgfksih gutñfhih `c gaucr`h ahf jh cstgbjcak`h cf jg Ahfstktuakñf ^hjétkag `c jg Rcpôbjkag `c Lugtcigjg, cstgf`h cxhfcrg`g `cj pglh `c th`g ajgsc `c kipucsths. C. AHIKPË HJÉI^KAH LSGPCIGJPCAH (GRP. ;2 @C JG AHFQPKPSAKÑF) Cs ufg cftk`g` ahipjctgicftc kf`cpcf`kcftc y gutñfhig, gjcdg`g `c th`g kfojucfakg phjétkag, rgakgj, rcjklkhsg h cahfñikag ahf pcrshfgjk`g` duré`kag y pgtrkihfkh prhpkh, quc tkcfc su sc`c

 

cf jg aku`g` agpktgj y puc`c gokjkgrsc g jhs hrlgfksihs kftcrfgakhfgjcs quc ahfsk`crc ahfvcfkcftcs. Qu oufakhfgikcfth sc rklc phr jg Jcy Fgakhfgj `c jg Aujturg Oéskag y `cj @cphrtc, @carcth Fôicrh