Sistemas de Información y Modelos de Datos

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Tfhcãhbfhfs gh Afhtgxtf Gs ompecomghtg afhfacbf pfr tfbfs hfsftrfs qug efs aomjcfs afhstohtgs qug sg vcghgh prfbuacghbf, gxckgh o eos frkohczoacfhgs peohtgorsg mfbgefs kgrghacoegs qug egs pgrmctoh oeaohzor sus fjngtcvfs y mgtos, gstubcohbf gvghtfs posobfs poro mgnfror ge prgsghtg y obgeohtorsg oe iuturf. Afh josg o ef ohtgrcfr, qugbo bg mohcicgstf qug poro eos mcsmos gs iuhbomghtoe ge mohgnor chifrmoacñh sfjrg su oatuoacñh o ich bg opecaor eos afrrgaacfhgs hgagsorcos bg mohgro fpfrtuho gh ge mfmghtf qug sg prgsghtgh eos bgsvcoacfhgs gh ge rumjf bgsgobf. Ef ohtgrcfrmghtg gxpugstf hf bgjg sgr gxtroÿf, pugstf qug eo ãpfao oatuoe sg aoroatgrczo pfr eo prfbuaacñh bg uh rgaursf bg kroh voeío poro eo sfacgbob afmf ef gs eo chifrmoacñh. Gh gstg sghtcbf,

tfbo

Frkohczoacñh Frkohczoac ñh hgagscto,

poro

su

iuhacfhomcghtf, uh afhnuhtf bg Chifrmoacñh, qug `o bg trohsmctcrsg ghtrg sus afmpfhghtgs afmpfhghtgs y bgsbg y `oaco su ghtfrhf. ghtfrhf. Gh afhafrbohaco afhafrbohaco o ef peohtgobf surkgh efs scstgmos bg chifrmoacñh, efs auoegs sfh gegmghtfs gstrotãkcafs qug pugbg `oagr qug uho frkohczoacñh fjtghko uho mgnfr pfscacñh afmpgtctcvo, oetgrohbf bg ckuoe ifrmo eo frcghtoacñh bge hgkfacf. hgkfacf.

Bg oeeí, sg bgrcvo portg bg su cmpfrtohaco, cmpfrtohaco,

pugstf qug pgrmctg eo tfmo bgacscfhgs qug cmpecqugh eo chafrpfroacñh bg aomjcfs qug gstãh bcrckcbfs o eo afhsgauacñh bg efs fjngtcvfs frkohczoacfhoegs.

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

:

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh Qch prgtghbgr gxtghbgrhfs gh bgichcacfhgs bg scstgmos bg chifrmoacñh, mghacfhorgmfs qug efs scstgmos bg chifrmoacñh sfh uh afhnuhtf bg afmpfhghtgs qug, chtgrrgeoacfhobfs, efkroh rguhcr y fjtghgr, prfagsor, oemoaghor y bcstrcjucr tfbo oqugeeo chifrmoacñh qug scrvo poro opfyor eo tfmo bg bgacscfhgs, o efs ichgs bg iovfrgagr gh tfbf mfmghtf ge afhtrfe qug `oh bg tghgr, bghtrf bg uho frkohczoacñh. Gh gstg frbgh bg cbgos, sugegh opfyorsg gh uh prfagsf jïscaf qug bgtgrmcho uho ghtrobo, eo gxcstghaco bg uh prfagsomcghtf bg eo chifrmoacñh y eo soecbo bg efs botfs. Wh scstgmo bg chifrmoacñh pgrmctg o eos frkohczoacfhgs tghgr uh afhtrfe sfjrg tfbfs efs gegmghtfs bg eo gmprgso y tfbfs efs rgaursfs afh efs qug aughto, pfr auohtf gh ãe pugbgh sgr eegvobfs efs rgkcstrfs bg eos oatcvcbobgs qug rgoeczoh y auoequcgr chifrmoacñh rgegvohtg poro eo frkohczoacñh, bg gsto mohgro sg pugbgh gvctor bgspgrbcacfs f pãrbcbos bg rgaursfs motgrcoegs y ftrfs, qug sg rgiegnorïh bg pfsctcvomghtg bghtrf bg eo frkohczoacñh. Efs scstgmos bg chifrmoacñh sfh uho `grromcghto hgagsorco poro ge ieunf bg eo chifrmoacñh gh uho gmprgso, afhstctuygh uho iughtg bg chifrmoacñh qug pugbg tfmorsg afmf opfyf poro eo eegvor o aojf eo bcrgaacñh bg eo mcsmo y prfpfracfho efs afhfacmcghtfs jïscafs poro eo rgoeczoacñh bg eos oatcvcbobgs bg auoequcgr bgportomghtf.

Eo sckucghtg cmokgh rgsumg bg mohgro oagrtobo tfbf ef peohtgobf `osto efs oatuoegs mfmghtfs

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

1

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Hcvgegs bg Kgstcñh  O fjngtf bg sgkucr ovohzohbf gh hugstro bcsauscñh, gs afhfacbf qug bghtrf bg eos frkohczoacfhgs gxcstgh bcvgrsfs tcpfs bg hcvge bg kgstcfhgs, bgsbg bgsbg ef fpgrotcvf, fpgrotcvf, `osto ge hcvge hcvge mïs oetf> gstrotãkcaf. gstrotãkcaf. Bg mohgro muy rgsumcbo, prgsghtomfs eo sckucghtg ickuro

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

2

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Bg eo ickuro ohtgrcfr sg bgsprghbg ge `ga`f qug poro auoequcgr hcvge frkohczotcvf sg bgjg afhtor chifrmoacñh poro pfbgr bor sfpfrtg o eos oatcvcbobgs qug sg gngautoh, qugbohbf bg mohcicgstf qug o moyfr hcvge, moyfr afmpegncbob gh eo chifrmoacñh qug sg rgqucgrg.

Kgstcñh bg Botfs Afh ge posor bge tcgmpf eo Kgstcñh bg botfs `o cbf gh afhstohtg gvfeuacñh, gh iuhacñh bg bor sfpfrtg o tfbfs efs hcvgegs frkohczotcvfs. Gh uh prcmgr mfmghtf, gxcstíoh opecaoacfhgs bcstchtos y gspgaíicaos poro otghbgr torgos rutchorcos gspgaíicaos bg aobo hcvge fpgrotcvf, osí, gxcstío uho opecaoacñh poro hñmcho, uho poro vghtos, chvghtorcf ghtrg ftros, afh eo portcaueorcbob portcaueorc bob qug hf gstojoh chtgkrobos ghtrg sí. Eo sckucghtg ickuro mugstro uh aeorf gngmpef bg ef peohtgobf Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

7

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Bg ef ohtgrcfr sg oprgaco aeoromghtg qug poro eo Kgstcñh bg Jcghgstor

gstubcohtce

sg

mohtghíoh

opecaoacfhgs

gbuaotcvfs, sgrvcacfs mãbcafs y frcghtoacñh. frcghtoac ñh.

poro

arãbctfs

Bg ckuoe mohgro sg

oprgaco qug sfh tftoemghtg chbgpghbcghtgs ghtrg sí, sch huhkþh tcpf bg chtgkroacñh. chtgkroacñh.

Mïs oþh oþh sc sg bgtoeeo eo ickuro, ickuro, sg oprgaco oprgaco pfr aobo aobo

kgstcñh gxcstg bg mohgro trcpecaobo eo chifrmoacñh bg efs oeumhfs, gh uho bghfmchobo botfs bge oeumhf, gh ftro rgkcstrf bg oeumhfs y gxpgbcghtgs bg oeumhfs, qug afhtghíoh jïscaomghtg ef mcsmf. Eñkcaomghtg, pugbg trogr afmf rgsuetobf chafscstghaco bg botfs, pfr gngmpef, sg pfbío mfbcicaor eo chifrmoacñh bge oeumhf gh uho kgstcñh, pgrf hf gh eos bgmïs, kghgrohbf kghgrohbf eo chafhscstghaco. chafhscstghaco. O toe gigatf, gigatf, sg bgacbg ghtfhags eo argoacñh bg josgs bg botfs aghtroeczobos qug chtgkrgh tfbos eos kgstcfhgs, surkcghbf osí efs Qcstgmos GZT pfr

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

9

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

gngmpef. Eo sckucghtg ickuro aeorcicao bg mgnfr mohgro gstf þetcmf.

Rfmohbf afmf rgigrghaco ef ohtgrcfrmghtg gxpugstf sg `oh chafrpfrobf hugvos hugvos tãahcaos poro bor sfpfrtg o eo tfmo bg bgacscfhgs, o toe gigatf, sg `ojeo bg Oemoaghgs bg Botfs (Boto [org`fusg), Mchgrío bg Botfs (Boto Mchchk), Chtgeckghaco bg Hgkfacfs (Juschgss Chtgeeckghag), ghtrg ftrfs. Eo sckucghtg ickuro mugstro uh mfbgef bg chtgeckghaco bg hgkfacfs

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

;

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Ge puhtf qug hfs afmpgtg oaï gs prgacsomghtg ge bge mgbcf, afmf `oagr uh mfbgef eñkcaf bg botfs qug bg sfpfrtg o eos bcstchtos kgstcfhgs frkohczotcvos, chtgkrïhbf efs bcstchtfs botfs qug sg kghgrgh gh aobo uho bg geeos. Ef ohtgrcfr hfs hfs afhbuag ghtfhags ghtfhags o uh hugvf hugvf gegmghtf, afhfacbf pfr ustgbgs, pfr ef qug ef trotorgmfs muy sfmgromghtg> josg bg botfs Josg bg Botfs Bgsbg uho pgrspgatcvo muy sghaceeo, mghacfhorgmfs qug eo josg bg botfs gs uho afegaacñh afegaac ñh f bgpñsctf bg botfs

chtgkrobfs,

oemoaghobfs gh sfpfrtg sgauhborcf (hf vfeïtce) y afh rgbuhbohaco afhtrfeobo. Efs botfs, qug `oh bg sgr afmportcbfs pfr bcigrghtgs usuorcfs y opecaoacfhgs, opecaoa cfhgs, bgjgh mohtghgrsg chbgpghbcghtgs bg geefs, y su bgichcacñh (gstruaturo (gstruaturo bg eo josg bg botfs) þhcao þhcao y oemoaghobo oemoaghobo  nuhtf afh efs botfs, sg `o bg opfyor opfyor gh uh mfbgef bg botfs, ge auoe `o `o bg pgrmctcr aoptor eos chtgrrgeoacfhgs y rgstrcaacfhgs gxcstghtgs gh ge

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

0

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

muhbf rgoe. Efs prfagbcmcghtfs bg oatuoeczoacñh y rgaupgroacñh, afmuhgs y jcgh bgtgrmchobfs, ioacectoroh eo sgkurcbob bge afhnuhtf bg efs botfs. Eo sckucghtg bcopfsctcvo rgsumg bg mohgro oagrtobo ef gxpugstf

Wsuorcfs bg eo Josg bg Botfs Qc hfs prgkuhtomfs ¶qucãh uso eo josg bg botfs6, pfbríomfs bgacr> efs qug usoh usoh eos bcstchtos opecaoacfhgs opecaoacfhgs qug oaagbgh oaagbgh o geeo. Tugs jcgh, vgomfs eo sckucghtg ickuro y eo gxpecaomfs uh pfaf

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

3

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Roe afmf sg oprgaco, gxcstgh bcstchtfs tcpfs bg usuorcfs, ge prcmgrf, gs ge afmghtobf gh ge pïrroif ohtgrcfr, ge qug uso eo opecaoacñh opecaoacñ h qug oaagbg o eo josg bg botfs.

Bca`os opecaoacfhgs opecaoacf hgs

eñkcaomghtg iugrfh bgsorrrfeeobos pfr uh pgrsfhoe (prfkromobfrgs) qucghgs bgjgh usor eo josg bg botfs o fjngtf bg bgtgrmchor sc eos mcsmos gstïh iuhacfhohbf bg mohgro obgauobos. Bg ckuoe mohgro, gxcstg, f bgjg gxcstcr oekucãh qug obmchcstrg y korohtcag ge jugh gstobf bg bca`o josg bg botfs, bghfmchobf Obmchcstrobfr bg botfs.

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

?4

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Iuhacfhgs bg eo Josg bg Botfs ¶Toro

quã

frkohczoacfhgs6. frkohczoac fhgs6.

mohtghgr

josgs

bg

botfs

gh

hugstros

Eo ickuro qug sckug rgsumg bg uho mohgro muy

oagrtobo eo rozñh bg geef.

Eo ickuro ohtgrcfr hf bgno eukor o gspoacfs poro moyfrgs bcsauscfhgs, pfr ge afhtrorcf, vgomfs hugvfs gegmghtfs toegs afmf> ojstroaacñh g chbgpghbghaco bg botfs. Ojstroaacñh bg Botfs Eo ojstroaacñh bg botfs pugbg sgr bgichobo afmf eo bgsarcpacñh uhicaobo bg efs botfs, chbgpghbcghtgmghtg chbgpghbcght gmghtg bg eos opecaoacfhgs. opecaoacf hgs. Gh gstg puhtf, ef cmpfrtohtg oaï gs jusaor ge sghtcbf o eo utcecbob bg eo mcsmo mïs mïs oeeï bge bge afhagptf gh sí. Tfr gngmpef, gngmpef, sc sg bgichg uho uho

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

??

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

ghtcbob bghfmchobo pgrsfho, gh bfhbg sg oemoaghgh efs botfs pgrsfhoegs bg geeo, ghtfhags bca`o ghtcbob pugbg sgr gmpegobo pfr auoequcgr opecaoacñh, jcgh sgo bg hñmcho, bg vghtos, afmpghsoacfhgs ghtrg ftros, yo qug eo ghtcbob iug bgichcbo bg mohgro chbgpghbcghtg. Chbgpghbghaco bg Botfs Toro gxpecaor eo chbgpghbghaco bg botfs hfs voebrgmfs gh prcmgr tãrmchf bg eo sckucghtg ickuro

Bg oaugrbf o eo ickuro ohtgrcfr, ef qug sg prgtghbg efkror gh uh obgauobf bcsgÿf bg hugstro josg bg botfs gs efkror tohtf eo cbghpghbgaco iíscao afmf eo eñkcao. Afh josg o eo cbgo ohtgrcfrmghtg gxpugsto, vgomfs eo sckucghtg ickuro

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

?:

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Eos opecaoacfhgs bgsorrfeeobos `oagh usf tohtf bge gsqugmo eñkcaf afmf ge iíscaf bg hugstro josg bg botfs (afhscbgrf gh gstg puhtf qug hf `oag `oag ioeto gxpecaor oe bgtoeeg eo aoous aoous bg geef ¶f hf6). hf6). Gh gstg sghtcbf, uh jugh bcsgÿf eñkcaf efkro eo chbgpghbghaco eñkcao bg botfs, y bg ckuoe mohgro, eo chbgpghbgaco iíscao gstï gstrga`omghtg rgeoacfhobo afh ge gsqugmo iíscaf bg eo josg bg botfs.  O fjngtf bg prfiuhbczoruh prfiuhbczoruh pfaf mïs gh hugstro bcsauscñh, bcsauscñh, hfs opfyorgmfs gh eo sckucghtg ickuro

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

?1

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Bg oaugrbf o eo ickuro ohtgrcfr, eo josg bg botfs pfsgg uho orquctgaturo bg trgs (1) hcvgegs bg osjtroaacñh> eo gstruaturo eñkcao, eo gstruaturo eñkcao kefjoe y pfr supugstf eo iíscao.  O fjngtf bg hf soturor gstg rgaursfs, rgvcsorgmfs uh þetcmf afhagptf> Qcstgmo bg Kgstcñh bg Josg bg Botfs.

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

?2

Qcstgmos bg Chifrmoacñh y Mfbgefs bg Botfs.

Qcstgmos bg Kgstcñh bg Josg bg Botfs (QKJB) Tugbg sgr bgichcbf afmf uho afegaacñh bg Ora`cvfs (Rojeos) frkohczobfs y rgeoacfhobfs, nuhtf o uh afhnuhtf bg prfkromos qug pgrmctgh o efs Wsuorcfs argor, oatuoeczor oatuoeczor y oaagsor

gh ifrmo

afhtrfeobo, gstfs ora`cvfs (Josg bg Botfs). Ge fjngtcvf bg ãstg gs prfpfracfhor o efs bcstchtfs usuorcfs bg eo josg bg botfs uho vcscñh ojstroato bg efs botfs.

Eo ickuro ohtgrcfr hf bgno gspoacfs poro bubos f afmghtorcfs obcacfhoegs. obcacfhoeg s. Gh gstg sghtcbf, bgnãmfsef `osto oaï pfr gsto sgmoho

Kgrghaco vcrtuoe

?7