Sistema Europeo de Protección de Los DDHH

 

JÚ@ CFI GVFK RFW\N\N@ JI BNVCJCJK@

VKN\FWRNCJC KJBN@KJI OJ^@W CF RJK OJWB@R LJBVISJC CF CFWFBH@ ^ BNFKBNJ Q@IÏSNBJ F.J.Q.= BNFKBNJ Q@IÏSNBJ

CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R

FI RNRSFOJ FVW@QF@ CF QW@SFBBNÒK CF I@R CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R CW. M@RÎ JKS@KN@ ÚNZVF CF IJ QVFKSF

 

QWÒI@E@ B`o` jiuokj cfi sfeukc` jú` cf ij VKN\FWRNCJC KJBN@KJI OJ^@W CF RJK OJWB@R, cf ij ljbuitjc cf CFWFBH@ ^ BNFKBNJ Q@IÏSNBJ, fsbufij cf BNFKBNJ Q@IÏSNBJ, fk fi burs` cf CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R4 p`ke` fk b`ksncfrjbnòk cfi pr`lfs`r cfi onso` burs` fi prfsfktf trjgjm` o`k`erêlnb`. Fi b`ktfknc` cf fstf trjgjm` fs uk tfoj gêsnb`, pfr` pnijr cf ij bjrrfrj quf fst`y fstucnjkc`. Fst`y sfeurj quf fk fi b`ktfknc` cf fstj o`k`erjlïj hjgrê frr`rfs quf hf b`oftnc` nkv`iuktjrnjofktf, pfr` b`o` t`cj jbtnvncjc huojkj fs pfrlfbtngif, fspfr` sus jp`rtfs y suefrfkbnjs pjrj p`cfr ofm`rjri`.  JVS@W= Eòofz Rjkc`vji, Ojrïj Qïj

 

NKSW@CVBBNÒK

Ijs cfvjstjc`rjs b`ksfbufkbnjs b`ksfbufkbnjs cf ij Rfeukcj Eufrrj Oukcnji jifktjr`k ukj rfb`kstrubbnòk pjbïlnbj y b`oýk cf i`s pjïsfs jlfbtjc`s, gjsjcj fk uk bjtêi`e` cf cfrfbh`s y ingfrtjcfs quf ejrjktnzjrjk ukj s`bnfcjc mustj. Fst`s o`vnonfkt`s nkspnrjr`k ij brfjbnòk cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj fk :>3>, gjm` uk`s prnkbnpn`s cf ejrjktïj cfi Fstjc` cf Cfrfbh` y cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s, uk rfqunsnt` noprfsbnkcngif quf sf fxnef j i`s kufv`s onfogr`s. Q`stfrn`rofktf lufr`k brfjc`s i`s òrejk`s cf pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s= ij B`onsnòk y fi Srngukji Fur`pf` cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s. Îstf ýitno` tnfkf su `rnefk fk ij B`kvfkbnòk Fur`pfj pjrj ij Qr`tfbbnòk cf i`s Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s y ijs Ingfrtjcfs Lukcjofktjifs, i` quf sf b`k`bf b`o` B`kvfkn` cf W`oj cf :>61. Rf trjtj cf uk tfxt` quf rfb`ef, p`r ukj pjrtf, i`s cfrfbh`s lukcjofktjifs quf sf b`ksncfrjk gêsnb`s fk ukj s`bnfcjc cfo`brêtnbj y, p`r `trj, jrtnbuij uk snstfoj cf ejrjktïj cf cnbh`s cfrfbh`s, b`k ukj flnbjbnj ojy`r cf ij hjgïj snc` hjgntuji fk fi êognt` nktfrkjbn`kji hjstj fkt`kbfs j trjvîs cfi Srngukji Fur`pf` cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s. Ji B`kvfkn` cf W`oj sf if hjk nc` jújcnfkc` p`stfrn`rofktf pr`t`b`i`s jcnbn`kjifs, jcnbn`kjifs, b`o` fi kýofr` ::, lnrojc` fk :>>3, quf o`cnlnbj sustjkbnjiofktf fi tfxt` nknbnji.

 

ÏKCNBF

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Qròi`e` Nktr`cubbnòk

:.- B@KEWFR@ CF IJ HJ^J CF :>38 :.::.7.:.2.:.3.:.6.-

Jktfbfcfktfs Hnst`rnj Fi kjbnonfkt` cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj Fi B`kerfs` Fur`pf` cf Ij Hjyj Ijs trfs b`onsn`kfs cf Ij H Hjyj jyj

7.- SWNGVKJI CF MVRSNBNJ CF IJR B@OVKNCJCFR FVW@QFJR 7.:.- B@OQFSFKBNJR CFI SWNGVKJI CF MVRSNBNJ C CF F IJR B@OVKNCJCFR FVW@QFJR 7.7.- FI WFBVWR@ CF IJ JKVIJBNÒK @ IJ KVINCJC j) JBS@R WFBVWWNGIFR g) RVMFS@R IFENSNOJC@R QJWJ WFBVWWNW b) O@SN\@R CF JKVIJBNÒK 7.2.- FI WF WFBVWR@ BVWR@ Q@W @ONRN @ONRNÒK ÒK 7.3.- IJ BVFR BVFRSNÒK SNÒK QWFMVC QWFMVCNBNJI NBNJI CF \JI \JINCF] NCF] j) IJ CNRSWNGVBNÒK CF B@OQFSFKBNJR FKSWF FI S.M.B.F. ^ IJR MVWNRCNBBN@KFR MVWNRCNBBN@K FR KJBN@KJIFR FK BVJKS@ J IJ JQWFBNJBNÒK CF IJ \JINCF] CF I@R JBS@R B@OVKNSJWN@R (C@BSWNKJ L@S@-LW@RS) g) FLFBS@R CF IJR RFKSFKB RFKSFKBNJR NJR 2.- SWNGVKJI FVW@QF@ CF CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R 2.:.- R@GWF FI SWNGVKJI F FVW@QF@ VW@QF@ 2.7.- FI B@K\FKN@ FVW FVW@QF@ @QF@ QJWJ IJ QW@SFBBNÒK CF I@R C CFWFBH@R FWFBH@R HVOJK@R ^ CF IJR INGFWSJCFR LVKCJOFKSJIFR, CF 3 CF K@\NFOGWF CF :>61 2.2.- ÒWEJK@R CF B B@KSW@I @KSW@I NKRSNSVNC NKRSNSVNC@R @R Q@W FI B@K\F B@K\FKN@ KN@ 3.- FI KVF\@ SWNGVKJI FVW@QF@ CF CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R (Fi Qr`t`b`i` k½ ::) 3.:.- @WEJKN]JBNÒK ^ LVK LVKBN@KJONFKS@ BN@KJONFKS@ 3.7.- IJ WFL@WOJ C CF F IJ WFL@WOJ. FI Q QW@S@B@I@ W@S@B@I@ K½ :3 J JI I BFCH

-

Gngin`erjlïj

 

:

 

B@KEWFR@ CF IJ HJ^J CF :>38 Fi B`kerfs` cf Ij Hjyj cf :>38 ` B`kerfs` cf Fur`pj luf ij rfuknòk b`kv`bjcj p`r fi rfbnîk brfjc` O`vnonfkt` Fur`pf` pjrj jibjkzjr jieukj l`roj cf b``pfrjbnòk ` cf lfcfrjbnòk cf i`s fstjc`s fur`pf`s gjsjcj fk fi rfb`k`bnonfkt` cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s y fk i`s prnkbnpn`s cfo`brêtnb`s y quf hnbnfrj nop`sngif ij vufitj j i`s h`rr`rfs vnvnc`s curjktf ij Rfeukcj Eufrrj Oukcnji (:>2>-:>36) quf jbjgjgj cf tfronkjr. Cf fstf b`kerfs` rfuknc` fk Ij Hjyj fk ojy` cf :>38 surenò ij nknbnjtnvj cf l`rojr fi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj quf sf lukcò p`b` cfspuîs, fi :7 cf muin` cf :>3>.

:.:.

Jktfbfcfktfs

Fk :>35 sf prfsfkbnò ukj fbi`snòk cf o`vnonfkt`s j ljv`r cf ij uknòk fur`pfj. Ij Vknòk Fur`pfj cf Lfcfrjinstjs (VFL), pr`yfbtjgj ukj uknòk fur`pfj b`o` tfrbfr gi`quf, fs cfbnr b`o` lufrzj pjbnlnbjc`rj fktrf ijs c`s supfrp`tfkbnjs.  Jukquf tfkïj uk pr`erjoj, pr`erjoj, fk su sfk` jig jigfrejgj frejgj tfkcfkbnjs o ouy uy cnspjrfs= i`s ntjinjk`s nksnstïjklfcfrji, fk ij uknòk p`iïtnbj, b`k uk p`cfr suprjkjbn`kji p`r ukj b`kstntubnòk p`r i` quf rfbijojgjk ij b`kv`bjt`rnj cfcflnknc` ukj jsjogifj b`kstntuyfktf fur`pfj (sfeýk fi fsqufoj k`rtfjofrnbjk`)4 i`s lrjkbfsfs fk tf`rïj lfcfrjinstjs nktferjifs cflfkcïjk uk pijk` erjcuji, fk fi quf sf b`ofkzjsf b`k ukn`kfs lukbn`kjifs. Mukt` j ij VFL jpjrfbfk `tr`s oubh`s o`vnonfkt`s= fi B`ontî pjrj ij Vknòk fur`pfj, lukcjc` p`r Bhurbhnii4 ij Vknòk Qjrijofktjrnj Fur`pfj, pr`o`vncj p`r B`ucfkh`vf B`ucfkh`vf ‑Djifren. B`k `gmftnv`s b`kvfrefktfs, fstjs sfns `rejknzjbn`kfs gusbjr`k rêpncjofktf fstjgifbfr ofbjknso`s cf b`ijg`rjbnòk. Rf jgrnò ukj prnofrj ljsf cfi pr`bfs` cf nktferjbnòk fur`pfj, b`k`bncj b`o` ’ftjpj cf i`s b`kerfs`s‟. Cukbjk Rjkcys, jp`yjc` p`r ij VFL, jsuonò ij tjrfj cf gusbjr ij uknòk fktrf t`cjs ijs `rejknzjbn`kfs. Lnkjiofktf, fk ukj rfuknòk fk Qjrïs fi :: cf k`vnfogrf cf :>35, i`s B`ontîs kjbn`kjifs cf ij IBF, ij VFL, ij VQF y fi OFV sf lukcnfr`k fk uk B`ontî Nktfrkjbn`kji pjrj ij Vkncjc cf Fur`pj.

:.7.

Hnst`rnj

 Ji lnkjinzjr ij Rfeukcj Eufrrj Eufrrj Oukcnji, fk quf Fur`p Fur`pj j qufcò b`opiftjof b`opiftjofktf ktf jrrunkjcj, cnvfrsjs v`bfs sf jizjr`k pjrj nopfcnr quf ukj trjefcnj snonijr sf v`ivnfrj j rfpftnr. Vkj cf ijs prnofrjs luf ij cf Unkst`k Bhurbhnii, qunfk, fk uk ofo`rjgif cnsburs` pr`kukbnjc` fk ]ýrnbh (Runzj) fi :> cf sfptnfogrf cf :>338, j ijs quf jsnstnfr`k oês cf oni cfifejc`s cf ukj vfnktfkj cf pjïsfs, jcfoês cf kuofr`s`s `gsfrvjc`rfs. Rf jc`ptjr`k ukj sfrnf cf rfs`iubn`kfs pjrj ij brfjbnòk cf ukj uknòk fb`kòonbj y p`iïtnbj b`k fi lnk cf ejrjktnzjr ij sfeurncjc, ij nkcfpfkcfkbnj fb`kòonbj fb`kòonbj y fi pr`erfs` s`bnji,

 

ij b`kv`bjt`rnj cf ukj jsjogifj b`ksuitnvj fifencj p`r i`s pjrijofkt`s, ij fijg`rjbnòk cf ukj bjrtj fur`pfj cf cfrfbh`s huojk`s y cf uk trngukji pjrj jpinbjr sus cfbnsn`kfs. Fk fi B`kerfs` sf jpr`gò uk «Ofksjmf j i`s Fur`pf`s´ fk fi quf sf nkbiuïj ij fxnefkbnj cf ukj Bjrtj cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s quf ejrjktnzjrj ij ingfrtjc cf pfksjonfkt`, cf rfuknòk y cf fxprfsnòk, jsï b`o` fi cfrfbh` j l`rojr ukj `p`snbnòk p`iïtnbj. Jcfoês sf pfcïj ij brfjbnòk cf uk Srngukji cf Mustnbnj quf sjkbn`kjrïj ijs vn`ijbn`kfs cf ij Bjrtj.: Rnk fogjre` cfscf fi nknbn` tjognîk surenfr`k i`s prnofr`s b`klinbt`s fktrf i`s pjrtncjrn`s cf ukj lfcfrjbnòk fur`pfj, b`o` Lrjkbnj, Gîienbj f Ntjinj, y i`s cflfks`rfs cf ukj b``pfrjbnòk nktfreugfrkjofktji trjcnbn`kji, b`o` Wfnk` Vknc`, Nrijkcj y i`s Qjïsfs Fsbjkcnkjv`s

:. :.2. 2.

Fi kjbn kjbnon onfk fkt` t` cf cfii B`k B`ksf sfm` m` cf Fu Fur` r`pj pj

Ij tfksnòk brfbnfktf fktrf Fstf y @fstf, sfpjrjc`s p`r fi cfk`onkjc` Sfiòk cf  Jbfr`, y ojrbjcj p`r fi fi e`ipf cf Qrjej y fi gi`quf` gi`quf` cf Gfriïk prfbnpntò ij js`bnjbnòk rfji fktrf i`s Fstjc`s `bbncfktjifs. C`s ofsfs cfspuîs cf ij bfifgrjbnòk cfi B`kerfs` cf Fur`pj, Ef`refs Gncjuit, onknstr` cf Jsukt`s Fxtfrn`rfs cf Lrjkbnj, nkvntj j sus s`bn`s, fk fi Srjtjc` cf Grusfijs quf fstjgifbf ij Vknòk @bbncfktji (Wfnk` Vknc`, Gfkfiux) y j t`c`s jquîii`s quf i` cfsffk, j sfeunr ijs pr`pufstjs cf Ij Hjyj. W`gfrt Rbhuojk, quf if subfcf cïjs oês tjrcf, ojktnfkf fstj nkvntjbnòk. Lrjkbnj, b`k fi jp`y` cf Gîienbj rfprfsfktjcj p`r su Qrnofr Onknstr` Qjui Hfkrn Rpjjd, cfsfj ij brfjbnòk cf ukj jsjogifj fur`pfj c`tjcj cf ukj b`opftfkbnj jopinjcj, b`opufstj p`r pjrijofktjrn`s cf i`s cnlfrfktfs Fstjc`s y buyjs cfbnsn`kfs sf jc`ptfk p`r ojy`rïj cf v`t`s. Jie` quf luf rfbhjzjc` p`r fi Wfnk` Vknc` quf b`ksncfrjgj quf fstj jsjogifj ýknbjofktf cfgïj tfkfr ukj lukbnòk b`ksuitnvj. Rnk fogjre` ijs kfe`bnjbn`kf kfe`bnjbn`kfss b`ktnkujr`k, y lnkjiofktf, fi 75 y 78 cf fkfr` cf :>3>, i`s bnkb` onknstr`s cf Jsukt`s Fxtfrn`rfs cf i`s pjïsfs cfi Srjtjc` cf Grusfijs, rfuknc`s fk I`kcrfs, jibjkzjr`k uk b`opr`ons`= "uk B`ksfm` cf uk rfukn`kfs b`ontî onknstfrnji quf sf rfuknrïj fk prnvjc` ycf ukFur`pj bufrp` b`opufst` b`ksuitnv` buyjs sfrïjk pýginbjs". Fk fi jbufrc` ij jsjogifj sf b`kstntuyò b`k kjturjifzj b`ksuitnvj y sf jtrnguyò fi p`cfr cf cfbnsnòk j uk B`ontî cf Onknstr`s. I`s onfogr`s cf ij jsjogifj cfgïjk sfr nkcfpfkcnfktfs cf sus e`gnfrk`s y cfgfrïjk tfkfr b`opiftj ingfrtjc cf v`t` (pr`pufst` p`r i`s lfcfrjinstjs). Fstj cfbnsnòk luf rfvnsjcj j pr`pufstj cfi Wfnk` Vknc`, yj quf s`inbntò quf lufrjk sus e`gnfrk`s qunfkfs ifs cfsnekjrjk. Q`r fs` j pjrtnr cf :>6:, i`s pjrijofkt`s sfrêk i`s fkbjrejc`s cf cfsnekjr j fst`s rfprfsfktjktfs. Fi trjtjc` quf b`kstntuyf fi Fstjtut` cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj luf lnrojc` fi 6 cf ojy` cf :>3>, fk fi Qjijbn` cf Rjnkt Mjofs, fk I`kcrfs, rugrnbjc` p`r cnfz fstjc`s= Gîienbj, Lrjkbnj, Iuxfogure`, Qjïsfs Gjm`s y Wfnk` Vknc`, j i`s quf sf ukfk Nrijkcj, Ntjinj, Cnkjojrbj, K`rufej y Rufbnj. Fk fi jrtïbui` 2 cfi Fstjtut` sf fstjgifbnò fi b`opr`ons` cf i`s fstjc`s onfogr`s j ij jbfptjbnòk cf i`s prnkbnpn`s cfi e`gnfrk` cf ij ify y fi e`bf p`r t`cjs ijs pfrs`kjs gjm` su  murnscnbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s y ingfrtjcfs ingfrtjcfs lukcjofktjifs. lukcjofktjifs. Qrfvnjofktf, fi B`ksfm` Nktfrkjbn`kji cfi O`vnonfkt` Fur`pf` hjgïj jpr`gjc` fk lfgrfr` cf :>3> ukj Cfbijrjbnòk cf Qrnkbnpn`s cf ij Vknòk Fur`pfj y hjgïj

 

brfjc` ukj Rfbbnòk Murïcnbj Nktfrkjbn`kji, gjm` ij prfsncfkbnj cf Qnfrrf-Hfkrn Sfntefk, fkbjrejcj cf fijg`rjr uk pr`yfbt` cf b`kvfkbnòk fur`pfj cf i`s Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s. Fi :7 cf muin` cf :>3> ij Rfbbnòk Murïcnbj cf Sfntefk prfsfktò su pr`pufstj ji B`ontî cf Onknstr`s cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj y j prnkbnpn`s cf sfptnfogrf luf cnsbutnc`. Fk fi nkl`rof cf Sfntefk sf fkuofrjgjk i`s cfrfbh`s y ingfrtjcfs quf cfgïjk sfr ejrjktnzjc`s=

Vkj ejrjktïj b`ifbtnvj, k` sòi` cf ij ingfrtjc cf fxprfsjr ijs pr`pnjs b`kvnbbn`kfs, snk` tjognîk cf pfksjonfkt`, b`kbnfkbnj, rfinenòk y `pnknòk. Fi B`ontî cfsfjgj pr`tfefr j t`c`s i`s bnucjcjk`s cf t`c` Fstjc` Onfogr`, k` sòi` cf ijs b`klfsn`kfs nopufstjs p`r rjz`kfs cf Fstjc`, snk` tjognîk cf i`s jg`onkjgifs oît`c`s cf nkcjejbnòk p`inbnji quf quntjk j ij pfrs`kj s`spfbh`sj ` jbusjcj fi b`ktr`i cf sus ljbuitjcfs nktfifbtujifs y cf su b`kbnfkbnj.

Lnkjiofktf fi 3 cf k`vnfogrf cf :>61 i`s fstjc`s onfogr`s cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj lnrojr`k fk W`oj ij B`kvfkbnòk Fur`pfj cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s, quf fktrò fk vne`r fi 2 cf sfptnfogrf cf :>62.

:. :.3. 3.

Fi B`ke B`kerf rfs` s` Fu Fur` r`pf pf` ` cf cf Ij Ij H Hjy jyjj

Ijs nknbnjtnvjs cfi B`ontî sf b`kbrftjr`k fk fi B`kerfs` cf Fur`pj, cnrnenc` p`r Wftnkefr y quf sf rfuknò fk Ij Hjyj, fktrf fi 5 y fi :: cf ojy` cf :>38. Ru lnkjincjc luf cfgjtnr fi o`cfi` cf ukncjc b`ktnkfktji y cf ojrbjr ij brfjbnòk cf i`s Fstjc`s Vknc`s cf Fur`pj b`o` `gmftnv` b`oýk pjrj t`cjs ijs lufrzjs cfo`brêtnbjs fur`pfjs. Wfuknò bfrbj cf 811 jsnstfktfs (nktfifbtujifs, ( nktfifbtujifs, foprfsjrn`s, snkcnbjinstjs), `gsfrvjc`rfs cf Bjkjcê y FFVV y p`iïtnb`s, jukquf snk bjrêbtfr `lnbnji, b`o` Bhurbhnii, Jcfkjufr, Onttfrrjkc, Rpnkfiin ` \jk ]ffijkc, quf iufe` tfkcrïjk uk pjpfi nop`rtjktf fi fi pr`bfs` cf nktferjbnòk. Ij pjrtnbnpjbnòk luf noprfsn`kjktf= i`s 811 jsnstfktfs rfprfsfktjgjk cnstnktjs sfksngnincjcfs (prjeoêtnb`s f ncfjinstjs, nktfrvfkbn`knstjs y ingfrjifs). Vk pr`gifoj luf fi cf i`s ijg`rnstjs grntêknb`s (rfijbnòk fspfbnji b`k FF.VV. y ij B`oo`kwfjith), quf rfpfrbutnò fk fi p`b` fktusnjso` cf `tr`s s`bnjinstjs fur`pf`s. @tr` pr`gifoj luf ij pjrtnbnpjbnòk b`o` `gsfrvjc`rfs cf uk pfqufú` erup` cf jofrnbjk`s. Jquï fi pr`gifoj frj c`gif= fi b`opifm` cftjognîk nklfrn`rncjc ukj Fur`pj quf k` sòi` kfbfsntjgj i`s còijrfs jofrnbjk`s snk` sus cf b`ksfm`s4 p`r `tr` ijc` Fur`pj sf qufrïj b`o` uk tfrbfr gi`quf bjrjbtfrnzjc` p`r  fi pjbnlnso`, y p`r bjrfbfr cf uk jktnb`ouknso` snstfoêtnb` ` jerfsnv`. Fur`pj cfi fstf sòi` fstjgj rfprfsfktjcj p`r fxninjc`s, ji neuji quf Fspjúj= Rjivjc`r cf Ojcjrnjej. Ijs sfsn`kfs cfi B`kerfs` pusnfr`k cf rfinfvf ijs cnlfrfkbnjs fktrf ijs c`s vnsn`kfs cf ij b`kstrubbnòk fur`pfj, ij lfcfrjinstj y ij lukbn`kjinstj. -

Ij pr prnof nofrj, rj, bb`k `k ij VF VFL L j ij bjg bjgfz fzj, j, prftfk prftfkcïj cïj j jb`o b`oftf ftfrr fksfe fksfeunc uncj j ij bfsnòk cf s`gfrjkïj cf i`s fstjc`s fk gfkflnbn` cf `rejknso`s suprjkjbn`kjifs cf e`gnfrk`, b`o` ij Jsjogifj cf Fur`pj. Ij sf sfeuk eukcj cj c cflf flfkcï kcïj, j, fk ukj ukj pr prnof nofrj rj lj ljsf sf u ukj kj of ofrj rj fstru fstrubtu bturj rj cf b``rcnkjbnòk lukbn`kji fktrf i`s e`gnfrk`s, pfr` quf k` nopinbjrj ukj pîrcncj rfji cf ij jut`k`oïj cf ijs p`iïtnbjs fstjtjifs.

Ij rfs`iubnòk lnkji, b`o` vnbt`rnj cf i`s lfcfrjinstjs, nkbiuyò ukj lrjsf fk ij quf sf nkcnbjgj quf hjgïj iifejc` ij h`rj cfi fmfrbnbn` b`oýk cf ij s`gfrjkïj. I`s

 

trjgjm`s cfi B`kerfs` tuvnfr`k iuejr fk trfs b`onsn`kfs (p`iïtnbj, fb`kòonbj y buiturji). Cf fiijs, ij p`iïtnbj luf ij oês nop`rtjktf, sf bfktrò fk ij kfbfsncjc cf b`kstntunr ukj Jsjogifj B`ksuitnvj Fur`pfj rfprfsfktjtnvj quf lufsf ukj trngukj ncòkfj c`kcf i`s cnstnkt`s pjïsfs fur`pf`s pucnfsfk rfs`ivfr sus pr`gifojs b`oukfs. Qfr`, °bòo` sf b`kstntunrïj0, °buêifs sfrïjk sus jtrngubn`kfs0 Ijs `pnkn`kfs frjk cnspjrfs, fi b`kerfs` sf bfktrò fk pfcnr ukj jsjogifj= sf cfk`onkjgj fi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj.

:. :.6. 6. Ij Ijss trf trfss b`o b`ons nsn` n`kf kfss cf cf I Ijj H Hjy jyjj Cf ijs trfs b`onsn`kfs, ij fb`kòonbj, ij buiturji y ij p`iïtnbj quf sf fstjgifbnfr`k fk Ij Hjyj, ij p`iïtnbj, prfsncncj prfsncncj p`r fi jktneu` mflf cf e`gnfrk` e`gnfrk` lrjkbîs Qjui Wjojcnfr, frj ij oês nop`rtjktf. Rus pr`pufstjs rfb`enfr`k i`s pukt`s cf vnstj cf i`s lukbn`kjinstjs y jukquf sf b`nkbncïj fk ij kfbfsncjc cf brfjr ukj  Jsjogifj cf Fur`pj, Fur`pj, ijs vnsn`kfs cf fsf Qjrijofkt` Qjrijofkt` b`ktnkfktji frjk frjk b`ktrjpufstjs. -

I`s llfcf fcfrji rjinst nstjs js qu qufrï frïjk jk c`tjr c`tjr j ij Jsjo Jsjogif gifj j b`k u ukj kj bj bjpjb pjbncj ncjc c ifensijtnvj quf `ginejrj j i`s Fstjc`s y quf fsf Qjrijofkt` lufsf fifenc` p`r sulrjen` uknvfrsji. I`s lukbn`kji lukbn`kjinstjs nstjs prftf prftfkcïjk kcïjk quf ij J Jsjog sjogifj ifj fstu fstuvnfrj vnfrj b`ks b`kstntunc tntuncj jp p`r `r cfifejc`s cf i`s pjrijofkt`s kjbn`kjifs y tuvnfsf uk bjrêbtfr b`ksuitnv`.

Fk ij B`onsnòk cf Fb`k`oïj, prfsncncj p`r \jk ]ffijkc, hug` ojy`r ukjknoncjc j ij h`rj cf cflfkcfr ij b``pfrjbnòk y fi ingrf ofrbjc`, b`k suprfsnòk cf cfrfbh`s jcujkfr`s y ingrf b`kvfrtngnincjc o`kftjrnj, jsï b`o` ingfrtjc cf bnrbuijbnòk cf trjgjmjc`rfs. Fi jbufrc` fktrf lfcfrjinstjs y lukbn`kjinstjs sf bfktrò fk trjsijcjr fi nopuis` fur`pfïstj cf ijs nknbnjtnvjs prnvjcjs j ijs nkstjkbnjs `lnbnjifs cf i`s fstjc`s, quf hjgïjk pfrojkfbnc` uk tjkt` ji ojrefk cfi pr`bfs`. Ij B`onsnòk cf Buiturj, prfsncncj p`r Rjivjc`r cf Ojcjrnjej, jb`rcò pjtr`bnkjr uk B`ifen`j cf luf fstjgifbncj lnkjiofktf jú` :>3>, cfcnbjcj i`sFur`pj, fstucn`squf pjkfur`pf`s. Ru prnofr rfbt`rfk lufGrusfijs HfkcrndfiGrueojk

 

7 SWNGVKJI CF MVRSNBNJ CF IJR B@OVKNCJCFR B@OVKNCJCFR FVW@QFJR 7.:. B@OQFSFKBNJR CFI SWNGVKJI CF MVRSNBNJ CF IJR B@OVKNCJCFR FVW@QFJR

Ij prnofrj lukbnòk quf i`s Srjtjc`s b`kstntutnv`s cf ij B`oukncjc Fur`pfj jtrnguyfk ji Srngukji cf Mustnbnj cf ijs B`oukncjcfs Fur`pfjs (fk jcfijktf S.M.B.F.) fs ij cf ejrjktnzjr fi rfspft` cf ijs b`kstntubn`kjincjc y cf ij iifejincjc fejincjc b`oukntjrnjs p`r ij pr`pnjs nkstntubn`kfs y òrejk`s b`oukntjrn`s. Fi S.M.B.F. fs, jsï pufs, fi Srngukji B`kstntubn`kji y B`ktfkbn`s`-Jconknstrjtnv` cf ijs B`oukncjcfs Fur`pfjs. Q`r tjkt`, ji buopinonfkt` cf fstj c`gif lukbnòk sf fstrubturjk fk pjrtnbuijr ijs sneunfktfs b`opftfkbnjs jtrnguncjs ji S.M.B.F.= -

Ij bb`opf `opftfkb tfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`bf `k`bfrr cf i`s rfburs`s rfburs`s cf j jkuijb kuijbnòk nòk ` cf kuinc kuincjc jc nktfrpufst`s b`ktrj cftfronkjc`s jbt`s b`oukntjrn`s cf Cfrfbh` cfrnvjc` «p`r uk Fstjc` onfogr`, fi B`ksfm` ` ij B`onsnòk´, «p`r fi Qjrijofkt` Fu Ij b`opftfkbnj pjrj b`k`bfr cf i`s rfburs`s cf jkuijbnòk ` cf kuincjc b`ktrj cftfronkjc`s jbt`s` b`oukntjrn`s Cfrfbh` cfrnvjc`nktfrpufst`s «p`r uk Fstjc` onfogr`, fi B`ksfm` i j B`onsnòk´,cf«p`r ij fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf`, p`r fi Srngukji cf Bufktjs y p`r fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` b`k fi lnk cf sjivjeujrcjr prfrr`ejtnvjs cf îst`s´ ` p`r ukj pfrs`kj lïsnbj ` murïcnbj bujkc` fi rfburs` sf cnrnmj «b`ktrj ijs cfbnsn`kfs cf ijs quf sfj cfstnkjtjrnj y b`ktrj ijs cfbnsn`kfs quf, jukquf rfvnstjk ij l`roj cf uk rfeijofkt` ` cf ukj cfbnsnòk cnrnencj j `trj pfrs`kj, if jlfbtfk cnrfbtj ` nkcnvncujiofktf´ (jrt. 721 S.B.F.).

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Ij b`opf b`opftfk tfkbnj bnj pjrj pjrj bb`k` `k`bfr bfr cf cf i`s iiiijoj jojc`s c`s rrfbu fburs` rs`ss p`r `onsn `onsnòk òk (f (fss  cfbnr, jqufii`s quf tnfkfk p`r `gmft` ij nkjbtnvncjc cf ukj nkstntubnòk b`oukntjrnj) nktfrpufst`s p`r uk Fstjc` onfogr`, ukj nkstntubnòk b`oukntjrnj, fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` fk fi êognt` cf sus b`opftfkbnjs ` ukj pfrs`kj lïsnbj ` murïcnbj (jrt. 727 S.B.F.).

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Ij b`opftfkb b`opftfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`b `k`bfr fr cf cf ij ijss bu bufstn` fstn`kfs kfs prfmu prfmucnbnj cnbnjifs ifs cf vvjincf jincfzz pijktfjcjs p`r òrejk`s murnscnbbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs fk fi ojrb` cf intnen`s fk quf sf bufstn`kj ij ifejincjc cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` cf Cfrfbh` cfrnvjc` jpinbjgif fk fi pr`bfs` j qu` (jrt. 723 g S.B.F.).

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Ij b` b`opf opftfk tfkbnj bnj pjrj pjrj bb`k` `k`bfr bfr i`s i`s rfbur rfburs`s s`s p`r p`r rfs rfsp`k p`ksjg sjgninc nincjc jc fxtrjb`ktrjbtuji cf ijs B`oukncjcfs, fst` fs, cf i`s intnen`s rfijtnv`s j ijs nkcfoknzjbnòk p`r cjú`s bjusjc`s p`r ijs nkstntubn`kfs b`oukntjrnjs ` fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` ` p`r sus rfspfbtnv`s jefktfs fk fi fmfrbnbn` cf sus lukbn`kfs (jrt. 726, 788 S.B.F.).

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Jsï bb`o` `o` ij bb`opf `opftfkb tfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`b `k`bfr fr cf cf ijs s`inb s`inbntucf ntucfss l`rouij l`rouijcjs cjs p`r fi B`ksfm`, ij B`onsnòk ` uks`grf Fstjc` onfogr` b`k fib`k `gmft` cf qufcf fi uk S.M.B.F. fontj uk cnbtjofk ij b`opjtngnincjc fi Srjtjc` pr`yfbt` cf jbufrc` fktrf ij B`oukncjc y uk` ` vjrn`s tfrbfr`s Fstjc`s ` ukj `rejknzjbnòk nktfrkjbn`kji (jrt. 211.< S.B.F.).r`pf`, p`r fi Srngukji cf Bufktjs y p`r fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` b`k fi lnk cf sjivjeujrcjr prfrr`ejtnvjs cf îst`s´ ` p`r ukj pfrs`kj lïsnbj ` murïcnbj bujkc` fi

 

rfburs` sf cnrnmj «b`ktrj ijs cfbnsn`kfs cf ijs quf sfj cfstnkjtjrnj y b`ktrj ijs cfbnsn`kfs quf, jukquf rfvnstjk ij l`roj cf uk rfeijofkt` ` cf ukj cfbnsnòk cnrnencj j `trj pfrs`kj, if jlfbtfk cnrfbtj ` nkcnvncujiofktf´ (jrt. 721 S.B.F.). -

Ij b`opftfkb b`opftfkbnj nj p pjrj jrj bb`k`bf `k`bfrr cf i`s iijojc`s iijojc`s rfburs rfburs`s `s p p`r `r ` `onsnò onsnòk k (f (fss cfbnr, jqufii`s quf tnfkfk p`r `gmft` ij nkjbtnvncjc n kjbtnvncjc cf ukj nkstntubnòk b`oukntjrnj) Nktfrpufst`s p`r uk Fstjc` onfogr`, ukj nkstntubnòk b`oukntjrnj, fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` fk fi êognt` cf sus b`opftfkbnjs ` ukj pfrs`kj lïsnbj ` murïcnbj (jrt. 727 S.B.F.).

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Ij bb`opf `opftfkb tfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`bf `k`bfrr cf ijs bufstn`kf bufstn`kfss prfmucn prfmucnbnjif bnjifss cf vjinc vjincfz fz pijktfjcjs p`r òrejk`s murnscnbbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs fk fi ojrb` cf intnen`s fk quf sf bufstn`kj ij ifejincjc cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` cf Cfrfbh` cfrnvjc` jpinbjgif fk fi pr`bfs` j qu` (jrt. 723 g S.B.F.).

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Ij b` b`opf opftfk tfkbnj bnj pjrj pjrj bb`k` `k`bfr bfr i`s i`s rfbur rfburs`s s`s p`r p`r rfs rfsp`k p`ksjg sjgninc nincjc jc fxtrjb`ktrjbtuji cf ijs B`oukncjcfs, fst` fs, cf i`s intnen`s rfijtnv`s j ijs nkcfoknzjbnòk p`r cjú`s bjusjc`s p`r ijs nkstntubn`kfs b`oukntjrnjs ` fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` ` p`r sus rfspfbtnv`s jefktfs fk fi fmfrbnbn` cf sus lukbn`kfs (jrt. 726, 788 S.B.F.).

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Ij bb`opf `opftfkb tfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`bf `k`bfrr cf i`s intnen`s intnen`s f fktrf ktrf ijs B B`oukn `oukncjcfs cjcfs y fi pfrs`kji j su sfrvnbn` (jrt. 72< S.B.F.).

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Jsï bb`o` `o` ij bb`opf `opftfkb tfkbnj nj pjrj pjrj bb`k`b `k`bfr fr cf cf ijs s`inb s`inbntucf ntucfss l`rouij l`rouijcjs cjs p`r fi B`ksfm`, ij B`onsnòk ` uk Fstjc` onfogr` b`k fi `gmft` cf quf fi S.M.B.F. fontj uk cnbtjofk s`grf ij b`opjtngnincjc b`k fi Srjtjc` cf uk pr`yfbt` cf jbufrc` fktrf ij B`oukncjc y uk` ` vjrn`s tfrbfr`s Fstjc`s ` ukj `rejknzjbnòk nktfrkjbn`kji (jrt. 211.< S.B.F.).

 

7.7. FI WFBVWR@ CF IJ JKVIJBNÒK @ IJ KVINCJC j) JBS@R JBS@R WFBV WFBVWWNG WWNGIFR IFR Rfeýk fi jrt. 721, pêrrjl` :.½ S.B.F., «fi Srngukji cf Mustnbnj b`ktr`ijrê ij Ifejincjc cf i`s jbt`s jc`ptjc`s b`kmuktjofktf p`r fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf` y fi B`ksfm`, cf i`s jbt`s cfi B`ksfm`, cf ij B`onsnòk y cfi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` quf k` sfjk rfb`ofkcjbn`kfs ` cnbtêofkfs, y cf i`s jbt`s cfi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf` cfstnkjc`s j pr`cubnr flfbt`s murïcnb`s lrfktf j tfrbfr`s´. I` prnofr` quf bjgf `gsfrvjr fs quf fi jrt. 721 S.B.F. hjgij sòi` cf «jbt`s´ (y k` cf k`rojs ` cnsp`snbn`kfs). Rnk fogjre` fi b`kbfpt` cf jbt` b`oukntjrn` fs uk b`kbfpt` jopin` y fkei`gj tjkt` i`s jbt`s snkeuijrfs (ijs cfbnsn`kfs) b`o` i`s cf jibjkbf efkfrji (rfeijofkt`s y cnrfbtnvjs). Jsï pufs, i`s jbt`s b`oukntjrn`s, pjrj sfr rfburrngifs fk jkuijbnòk, cfgfk cf e`zjr cf nkofcnjtj flnbjbnj murïcnbj jc fxtrj. Q`r b`ksneunfktf, k` s`k rfburrngifs fk jkuijbnòk i`s jbt`s cnbtjc`s p`r bujiqunfrj cf ijs nkstntubn`kfs ofkbn`kjcjs fk fi pêrrjl` :.½ cfi jrt. 723 S.B.F. quf bjrfzbjk cf cnbhj flnbjbnj, jukquf fstf prfbfpt` sòi` fxbfptýf cfi rfburs` cf jkuijbnòk j i`s cnbtêofkfs y ijs rfb`ofkcjbn`kfs, jsï pufs k` s`k rfburrngifs, p`r fmfopi`, ijs ofcncjs cf bjrêbtfr `rejknzjtnv`, ijs bnrbuijrfs, i`s jbt`s cf trêontf ` k` cflnkntnv`s, jsï b`o` i`s jbt`s ofrjofktf b`klnrojt`rn`s cf `tr`s jktfrn`rfs k` rfburrnc`s fk pijz` .

 

g) RVMFS@R RVMFS@R IFENSNOJC@ IFENSNOJC@R R QJWJ WFBVWW WFBVWWNW NW Fk bujkt` j i`s sumft`s ifentnojc`s pjrj rfburrnr, fi jrt. 721 S.B.F. cnstnkeuf trfs erup`s cf sumft`s= fi prnofr` i` nktferjk i`s Fstjc`s onfogr`s, fi B`ksfm` y ij B`onsnòk (pêrrjl` 7.½)4 fi sfeukc` i` nktferjk fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf`, fi Srngukji cf Bufktjs y fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf` (pêrrjl` 2.½) y fi tfrbfr`, cf bjrêbtfr rfsncuji, jerupj j ijs cfoês «pfrs`kjs lïsnbjs ` murïcnbjs´ (pêrrjl` 3.½). Fi prnofr erup` ‒b`opufst` p`r i`s Fstjc` onfogr`s, fi B`ksfm` y ij B`onsnòk‒ fstê b`opufst` p`r fi cf i`s cfk`onkjc`s sumft`s prnvnifenjc`s, cjc` quf îst`s k` tnfkfk quf jbrfcntjr uk nktfrîs pjrtnbuijr fk ij jkuijbnòk cfi jbt` rfburrnc`, gnfk p`rquf îstf ifsn`kf j su munbn` prfrr`ejtnvjs pr`pnjs, gnfk p`rquf fi jbt` nopuekjc` jlfbtf j su fslfrj cf cfrfbh`s f nktfrfsfs. Q`r fi b`ktrjrn`, i`s sumft`s nktferjc`s fk fi sfeukc` erup`, fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf`, fi Srngukji cf Bufktjs6 y fi Gjkb` Bfktrji Fur`pf`, sï cfgfk jbrfcntjr  quf rfburrfk «b`k fi lnk cf sjivjeujrcjr prfrr`ejtnvjs cf îst`s´ (jrt. 721, pêrrjl` 2.½, S.B.F.), bnrbukstjkbnj quf sòi` sfrê p`sngif jprfbnjr bujkc` fi jbt` rfburrnc` ifsn`kf jieukj cf sus rfspfbtnvjs prfrr`ejtnvjs y k` bujiqunfr `trj k`roj murïcnbj. Jsï, p`r fmfopi`, fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf` p`crê prftfkcfr ij jkuijbnòk cf uk jbt` cfi B`ksfm` bujkc` k` hjyj snc` b`ksuitjc` ` k` hjyj fontnc` su cnbtjofk prfbfptnv` (R.S.M.B.F. cf :< cf Muin` cf :>>7, jsukt` B2, Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf` b. B`ksfm`). Jsï pufs, ij erjk cnlfrfkbnj fktrf i`s sumft`s ofkbn`kjc`s fs fi prnofr erup`, ` sfj, i`s b`ksncfrjc`s «prnvnifenjc`s´ fstêk ifentnojc`s pjrj rfburrnr b`k nkcfpfkcfkbnj cf quf ij nifejincjc cfi jbt` rfburrnc` b`ksnstj ` k` fk ij vn`ijbnòk cf ukj cf sus rfspfbtnvjs prfrr`ejtnvjs. Q`r ýitno`, fk fi tfrbfr erup` sf nktferjk t`cjs ijs cfoês pfrs`kjs lïsnbjs `  murïcnbjs (cf Cfrfbh` prnvjc` prnvjc` ` pýginb`, quf fk fst`s fst`s bjs`s fi rfburs` cf jkuijbnòk sf nktfrp`kf jktf fi Srngukji cf Qrnofrj Nkstjkbnj cfi Srngukji cf Mustnbnj cf ij B`oukncjc Fur`pfj). B`op`kfk fstf erup` i`s pjrtnbuijrfs, ijs pfrs`kjs murïcnbjs cf Cfrfbh` prnvjc` (js`bnjbn`kfs, s`bnfcjcfs…), pfr` tjognîk ijs pfrs`kjs murïcnbjs cf Cfrfbh` pýginb` quf fxnstfk fk i`s Fstjc`s onfogr`s (fktfs tfrrnt`rnjifs ‒ouknbnpn`s, pr`vnkbnjs, rfen`kfs, Iãkcfu, B.B.J.J., ftb.‒, nkstntubn`kjifs ‒p`r fmfopi`, B`ifen`s Qr`lfsn`kjifs, Bêojrjs cf B`ofrbn`, ftb.‒). I`s sumft`s nktferjc`s fk fstf tfrbfr erup` sòi` fstêk ifentnojc`s pjrj rfburrnr i`s cfbnsn`kfs cf ijs quf sfjk cfstnkjtjrn`s y b`ktrj ijs cfbnsn`kfs quf, jukquf rfvnstjk ij l`roj cf uk rfeijofkt` ` cf ukj cfbnsnòk cnrnencj j `trj pfrs`kj, ifs jlfbtfk cnrfbtj ` nkcnvncujiofktf (jrt. 721, pêrrjl` 3.½, S.B.F.). Fi S.M.B.F. vnfkf nktfrprftjkc` cf ojkfrj ouy rfstrnbtnvj ij ifentnojbnòk cf i`s pjrtnbuijrfs pjrj rfburrnr fk l`roj cnrfbtj b`ktrj jbt`s b`oukntjrn`s cf kjturjifzj k`rojtnvj (rfeijofkt`s) Ij murnsprucfkbnj b`oukntjrnj fxnef prnofr` quf i`s jbt`s k`rojtnv`s, y k` ijs cnrfbtnvjs, nkbncjk p`r sï onso`s s`grf ij fslfrj murïcnbj cf i`s rfburrfktfs, i` quf fqunvjif j kfejr ij ifentnojbnòk cf i`s pjrtnbuijrfs pjrj rfburrnr fk l`roj cnrfbtj b`ktrj jbt`s k`rojtnv`s quf bjrfzbjk cf bjrêbtfr jut`fmfbutnv`. Jcfoês, ij murnsprucfkbnj b`oukntjrnj fxnef quf fi jbt` k`rojtnv` nkbncj cf ojkfrj pjrtnbuijrnzjcj ` nkcnvncujinzjcj s`grf ij fslfrj murïcnbj cfi rfburrfktf. Fk b`ksfbufkbnj, b`ksfbufkb nj, rfsuitj fxtrfojcjofktf cnlïbni lukcjr ij ifentnojbnòk cf uk pjrtnbuijr pjrj rfburrnr fk l`roj cnrfbtj b`ktrj jbt`s b`oukntjrn`s cf kjturjifzj k`rojtnvj.

 

b) O@S O@SN\@ N\@R R CF JKVI JKVIJBN JBNÒK ÒK Fi jrt. 721 S.B.F. fkuofrj fk su pêrrjl` 7.½ i`s sneunfktfs o`tnv`s cf jkuijbnòk= «nkb`opftfkbnj, vnbn`s sustjkbnjifs sustjkbnjifs cf l`roj, vn`ijbnòk cfi Srjtjc` ` cf bujiqunfr k`roj murïcnbj rfijtnvj j su fmfbubnòk ` cfsvnjbnòk cf p`cfr´. Fi jrt. 721 S.B.F. nkbiuyf jcfoês ukj biêusuij efkfrji (ij «vn`ijbnòk cfi Srjtjc` ` cf bujiqunfr `trj k`roj murïcnbj rfijtnvj j su fmfbubnòk´) quf pfrontf lukcjr  fi rfburs` fk bujiqunfr nklrjbbnòk cfi Cfrfbh` B`oukntjrn` (`rnenkjrn`, cfrnvjc` ` cf sus prnkbnpn`s efkfrjifs), yj sfj ij nklrjbbnòk cfi bjrêbtfr ojtfrnji ` cf bjrêbtfr l`roji.

7.2. FI WFBVWR@ Q@W @ONRNÒK Fi Cfrfbh` b`oukntjrn` pufcf sfr vn`ijc` p`r ijs pr`pnjs nkstntubn`kfs b`oukntjrnjs tjkt` cf l`roj jbtnvj (b`k `bjsnòk cf ij jc`pbnòk cf rfeijofkt`s, cnrfbtnvjs ` cfbnsn`kfs quf i` nkliuyjk) b`o` cf l`roj pjsnvj. Jsï subfcf bujkc` pfrojkfbfk nkjbtnvjs j pfsjr cf fstjr `ginejcjs j jbtujr p`r fi Cfrfbh` B`oukntjrn`. Cf jhï quf fktrf ijs b`opftfkbnjs cfi S.M.B.F. sf fkbufktrj fi c`onkjc` rfburs` p`r `onsnòk (jrt. 727 S.B.F.). «Fk bjs` cf quf, fk vn`ijbnòk cfi prfsfktf Srjtjc`, fi Qjrijofkt` Fur`pf`, fi B`ksfm` ` ij B`onsnòk sf jgstuvnfsfk cf pr`kukbnjrsf, i`s Fstjc`s onfogr`s y ijs cfoês nkstntubn`kfs cf ij B`oukncjc p`crêk rfburrnr ji Srngukji cf Mustnbnj b`k `gmft` cf quf cfbijrf cnbhj vn`ijbnòk. Fi prnkbnpji pr`gifoj quf suref fk rfijbnòk ji rfburs` p`r `onsnòk fs quf pufcf prftfkcfr fi cfojkcjktf quf fmfrbntj cnbhj jbbnòk. Jsï, fk Fspjúj ij Ify cf Murnscnbbnòk B`ktfkbn`sj-Jconknstrjtnvj (Ify 7>/>8) fstjgifbf fk su jrt. 27.: quf «bujkc` fi rfburs` sf cnrnmj b`ktrj ij nkjbtnvncjc cf ij Jconknstrjbnòk Qýginbj, fi cfojkcjktf p`crê prftfkcfr cfi òrejk` murnscnbbn`kji quf b`kcfkj j ij Jconknstrjbnòk ji buopinonfkt` cf sus `ginejbn`kfs fk i`s b`kbrft`s tîronk`s fk quf fstîk fstjgifbncjs´. Rnk fogjre`, fi rfburs` p`r `onsnòk b`oukntjrn` k` pfrontf fmfrbntjr ukj efkunkj prftfksnòk cf b`kcfkj. Jsï, sfeýk i`s jrt. 727 S.B.F. y :38 S.B.F.F.J., fk bjs` cf quf, fk vn`ijbnòk cf i`s Srjtjc`s, ijs nkstntubn`kfs b`oukntjrnjs «sf jgstuvnfsfk cf pr`kukbnjrsf, i`s Fstjc`s onfogr`s y ijs cfoês nkstntubn`kfs cf ij B`oukncjc p`crêk rfburrnr ji Srngukji cf Mustnbnj b`k `gmft` cf quf cfbijrf cnbhj vn`ijbnòk´. Ij jbbnòk p`r nkjbtnvncjc quf bjgf fmfrbntjr fk fi êognt` cfi S.B.F. y cfi S.B.F.F.J. fs, jsï pufs, cf kjturjifzj fstrnbtjofktf cfbijrjtnvj. Cf fstj ojkfrj, knkeuk` cf i`s Srjtjc`s b`kstntutnv`s cf ij B`oukncjcfs Fur`pfjs hj `ptjc` p`r b`klneurjr ij jbbnòk p`r nkjbtnvncjc b`o` ukj jbbnòk b`kcfkjt`rnj, i` quf cnsonkuyf ij flfbtnvncjc cfi rfburs` p`r `onsnòk.

7.3. IJ BVFRSNÒK QWFMVCNBNJI CF \JINCF] j) IJ CNRS CNRSWNGVB WNGVBNÒK NÒK CF B@ B@OQFS OQFSFKBNJ FKBNJR R FKSWF FI S.M.B.F. S.M.B.F. ^ IJ IJR R MVWNRCNBBN@KFR KJBN@KJIFR FK BVJKS@ J IJ JQWFBNJBNÒK CF IJ \JINCF] CF I@R JBS@R B@OVKNSJWN@R (C@BSWNKJ L@S@LW@RS) Ij bufstnòk prfmucnbnji cf vjincfz k` b`kstntuyf sòi` uk ofbjknso` cf b``pfrjbnòk mucnbnji fktrf fi S.M.B.F. y ijs murnscnbbn`kfs kjbn`kjifs cnrnenc` j ejrjktnzjr ij ukncjc cfi `rcfkjonfkt` murïcnb` b`oukntjrn`, snk` tjognîk uk

 

pr`bfcnonfkt` cf b`ktr`i cf ij ifejincjc cfi Cfrfbh` cfrnvjc` quf if pfrontf ji S.M.B.F. fmfrbfr su lukbnòk cf ejrjktf cfi rfspft` cfi Cfrfbh` b`oukntjrn` p`r ijs pr`pnjs nkstntubn`kfs b`oukntjrnjs. Fk su sfktfkbnj L`t`-Lr`st cf 77 cf @btugrf cf :>85, jsukt` 2:3/86, fi S.M.B.F. lukcò ij b`opftfkbnj fxbiusnvj cf ij murnscnbbnòk b`oukntjrnj pjrj cfbijrjr ij nkvjincfz cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` fk c`s b`ksncfrjbn`kfs lukcjofktjifs= p`r uk ijc` fi jreuofkt` rfijtnv` j ij kfbfsncjc cf ejrjktnzjr ukj jpinbjbnòk uknl`rof cfi `rcfkjonfkt` murïcnb` b`oukntjrn` p`r i`s òrejk`s  murnscnbbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs («ijs cnvfrefkbnjs cnvfrefkbnjs fktrf i`s òrejk`s murnscnbbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs fk bujkt` j ij jprfbnjbnòk cf ij vjincfz cf i`s jbt`s b`oukntjrn`s pufcfk iifejr j b`opr`oftfr ij onsoj ukncjc cfi `rcfkjonfkt` murïcnb` b`oukntjrnj y pfrmucnbjr ij fxnefkbnj lukcjofktji cf sfeurncjc murïcnbj´)4 p`r `tr` ijc`, fi jreuofkt` rfijtnv` j ij «kfbfsjrnj b`hfrfkbnj cfi snstfoj cf pr`tfbbnòk murnscnbbn`kji fstjgifbnc` p`r fi Srjtjc`´ pufs sn «fi jrt. 721 jtrnguyf b`opftfkbnj ji Srngukji cf Mustnbnj pjrj jkuijr uk jbt` cf ukj nkstntubnòk b`oukntjrnj, ij b`hfrfkbnj cfi snstfoj fxnef quf ij ljbuitjc cf cfbijrjr ij nkvjincfz cfi onso` jbt`, sn sf pijktfj jktf uk òrejk` murnscnbbn`kji kjbn`kji, fstî rfsfrvjcj tjognîk ji onso` Srngukji cf Mustnbnj´. Fstj c`btrnkj (quf pr`hïgf ji mufz kjbn`kji nkjpinbjr p`r su pr`pnj jut`rncjc uk jbt` b`oukntjrn`) jcontf, snk fogjre`, ukj fxbfpbnòk= ij ljbuitjc quf sf if rfb`k`bf cf jc`ptjr ofcncjs bjutfijrfs fk rfijbnòk b`k jbt`s cf ijs jut`rncjcfs kjbn`kjifs cnbtjc`s fk jpinbjbnòk cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` buyj vjincfz sf bufstn`kj. Jh`rj gnfk, fi S.M.B.F. b`kcnbn`kj fstj ljbuitjc j quf îstf pijktff ij bufstnòk prfmucnbnji cf vjincfz fk fi ojrb` cfi pr`bfs` prnkbnpji73. Jsï pufs, fi mufz kjbn`kji sòi` pufcf suspfkcfr ij jpinbjbnòk cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` (` jc`ptjr ofcncjs bjutfijrfs p`sntnvjs b`ktrj fi onso`) fk tjkt` sf rfsufivf ij bufstnòk prfmucnbnji s`grf su vjincfz. Rn îstj k` fs pijktfjcj, fi mufz kjbn`kji bjrfbf cf b`opftfkbnj pjrj jc`ptjr ofcncjs bjutfijrfs b`ktrj jquîi. g) FLFBS FLFBS@R @R CF IJR IJR RFKS RFKSFKBNJ FKBNJR R Ijs sfktfkbnjs prfmucnbnjifs cf vjincfz e`zjk cf flnbjbnj vnkbuijktf cf bjrêbtfr  efkfrji. Rn fi S.M.B.F. cfsfstnoj ij bufstnòk cf vjincfz pijktfjcj, sf rflufrzj b`k ij flnbjbnj vnkbuijktf efkfrji cf fstf pr`kukbnjonfkt` ij pr`hngnbnòk cf quf i`s òrejk`s murnscnbbn`kjifs kjbn`kjifs nkjpinqufk p`r su pr`pnj jut`rncjc fi jbt` b`oukntjrn` `gmft` cf ij bufstnòk cfsfstnojcj. Q`r fi b`ktrjrn`, ijs sfktfkbnjs quf fstnojk ukj bufstnòk prfmucnbnji cf vjincfz k` jkuijk fi jbt` `gmft` cf ij onsoj b`k flnbjbnj frej `okfs, snk` quf sf inontjk j cfbijrjri` nkvêinc`. S`cjs ijs murnscnbbn`kfs kjbn`kjifs qufcjk `ginejcjs fk vnrtuc cf ij flnbjbnj vnkbuijktf efkfrji cf i`s pr`kukbnjonfkt`s prfmucnbnjifs cfi S.M.B.F., j nkjpinbjr fi jbt` b`oukntjrn` cfbijrjc` nkvêinc`. Jcfoês, fi S.M.B.F. jcontf ij p`sngnincjc cf quf sf `t`reuf j ijs sfktfkbnjs prfmucnbnjifs quf cfbijrjk ij nkvjincfz cf uk jbt` b`oukntjrn` ukj flnbjbnj ofrjofktf pr`spfbtnvj (i` quf sup`kf b`ksfrvjr i`s flfbt`s efkfrjc`s p`r îstf hjstj fi o`ofkt` fk quf fi S.M.B.F. cfbijrò su nkvjincfz) Q`r ýitno`, hjy quf cfstjbjr quf fi S.M.B.F. mustnlnbj fi trjtjonfkt` h`o`eîkf` cf ij bufstnòk prfmucnbnji cf vjincfz y cfi rfburs` cf jkuijbnòk b`k gjsf fk ij «kfbfsjrnj b`hfrfkbnj´ b`hfrfkbnj´ quf cfgf fxnstnr fktrf jog`s pr`bfcnonfkt`s, quf, ji lnk y ji bjg`, «b`kstntuyfk c`s o`cjincjcfs cf b`ktr`i cf ifejincjc´

 

2 SWNGVKJI FVW@QF@ CF CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R R@GWF FI SWNGVKJI FVW@QF@ Fi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj fs ij prnofrj `rejknzjbnòk nktfrkjbn`kji nktfreugfrkjofktji cf êognt` rfen`kji fur`pf`, quf luf brfjcj ofcnjktf ij lnroj cfi Srjtjc` cf I`kcrfs fi 6 cf ojy` cf :>3>:. Cfscf sus `rïefkfs, fi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj sf lnmò b`o` `gmftnv` ij rfprfsfktjbnòk cfi b`kmukt` cf vji`rfs uknvfrsjifs s`grf cfrfbh`s huojk`s fk fi êognt` fur`pf`. Ij @rejknzjbnòk fstê gjsjcj fk uk trnpif pnijr= ij cfo`brjbnj pjrijofktjrnj, fi Fstjc` cf cfrfbh` y ij pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s huojk`s.. @tr` cf sus lnkfs fs ij b`kbiusnòk cf jbufrc`s fk fi êognt` fur`pf` pjrj jro`knzjr ijs p`iïtnbjs s`bnjifs y murïcnbjs cf i`s Fstjc`s onfogr`s y ljv`rfbfr ij b`kbnfkbnjbnòk cfi b`kbfpt` cf ncfktncjc fur`pfj gjsjcj fk i`s vji`rfs b`oukfs oês jiiê cf ijs cflnbnfkbnjs buiturjifs. Fstj v`bjbnòk fur`pfïstj sf vn` inontjcj p`r ij cnvnsnòk cfi b`ktnkfktf fk c`s erjkcfs gi`qufs curjktf i`s 31 jú`s cf ij Eufrrj Lrïj y p`r ij h`stnincjc cfi snstfoj b`ouknstj hjbnj ij @rejknzjbnòk y hjbnj i`s vji`rfs quf rfprfsfktjgj. J lnkjifs cf :>8>, sf pr`cum` uk enr` fspfbtjbuijr j bjusj cf i`s bjogn`s `burrnc`s fk i`s Fstjc`s cf Fur`pj Bfktrji y @rnfktji quf sf bjrjbtfrnzj bjrjbtfrnzjr`k r`k p`r sfr rêpnc`s y fk efkfrji pjbïlnb`s, j fxbfpbnòk cf Wuojknj, y p`r jlfbtjr j t`c`s i`s Fstjc`s cfi Fstf cf Fur`pj jbfifrjkc`, cf pjs`, fi cfsofogrjonfkt` cf ij Vknòk R`vnîtnbj . Fi kufv` ojkcjt` p`iïtnb` cf ij @rejknzjbn @rejknzjbnòk òk luf cflnknc` b`k `bjsnòk cf ij Buogrf cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj cf \nfkj fk `btugrf cf :>>2, fk c`kcf i`s Mflfs cf Fstjc` y cf E`gnfrk` cflnknfr`k ji B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj b`o` fi ejrjktf cf ij sfeurncjc cfo`brêtnbj bnofktjcj bnofktjcj fk ij pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s, ij cfo`brjbnj y fi Fstjc` cf cfrfbh`. Fk ij Buogrf cf Fstrjsgure` cf :>>5, i`s Mflfs cf Fstjc` y cf E`gnfrk` jc`ptjr`k uk Qijk cf Jbbnòk fkbjonkjc` j rfl`rzjr ij tjrfj cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj fk bujtr` êognt`s b`kbrft`s= cfo`brjbnj y cfrfbh`s huojk`s, b`hfsnòk s`bnji, sfeurncjc bnucjcjkj, vji`rfs cfo`brêtnb`s y cnvfrsncjc buiturji. Wfbnfktfofktf, fk ij tfrbfrj Buogrf bfifgrjcj bfifgrjcj fk \jrs`vnj i`s cïjs :< y :5 cf ojy` cf 7116, ij @rejknzjbnòk jc`ptò ijs iïkfjs p`iïtnbjs y uk kufv` Qijk cf Jbbnòk bfktrjc` fk ij pr`o`bnòk cf i`s vji`rfs lukcjofktjifs, fi rfl`rzjonfkt` cf ij sfeurncjc bnucjcjkj b`ogjtnfkc` b`ogjtnfkc ttfrr`rnso`, frr`rnso`, b`k ij brnonkjin brnonkjincjc cjc `rejknzjcjnktfrkjbn`kfs y fi trêlnb` cffur`pfjs sfrfs huojk`s y fi l`ofkt` cf `ijfib``pfrjbnòk `trjs `rejknzjbn`kfs y cf êognt` nktfrkjbn`kji.

FI B@K\FKN@ FVW@QF@ QJWJ IJ QW@SFBBNÒK CF I@R CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R ^ CF IJR INGFWSJCFR LVKCJOFKSJIFR, CF 3 CF K@\NFOGWF CF :>61  Ji jú` sneunfktf cf su su brfjbnòk, y b`o` oufstrj oufstrj pjipjgif cf quf ij pr`tfbbnòk pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s ngjk j sfr ij sfúj cf ncfktncjc cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj, luf fijg`rjc` fi B`kvfkn` Fur`pf` pjrj ij pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s y cf ijs ingfrtjcfs lukcjofktjifs quf qufcò jgnfrt` j ij lnroj fi cf 3 cf k`vnfogrf cf :>61, fktrjkc` fk vne`r sf pr`cum` fi 2 cf sfptnfogrf cf :>628 Fi sf rflnfrf bjsn fxbiusnvjofktf j i`s cfrfbh`s bnvnifs y p`iïtnb`s yj qufB`kvfkn` i`s cfrfbh`s fb`kòonb`s, s`bnjifs y buiturjifs fstêk pr`tfenc`s p`r ij Bjrtj R`bnji Fur`pfj. Fk fi êognt` cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj, sf hjk rjtnlnbjc` vjrn`s b`kvfkn`s fk ojtfrnj cf pr`tfbbnòk cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s, jsï, fi B`kvfkn` fur`pf` pjrj ij Qrfvfkbnòk cf ij t`rturj y cf i`s trjt`s ` pfkjs nkhuojk`s ` cferjcjktfs, fi B`kvfkn`-ojrb` pjrj ij pr`tfbbnòk cf ijs onk`rïjs kjbn`kjifs, fi

 

B`ontî fur`pf` b`ktrj fi Wjbnso` y ij xfk`l`gnj, ftb.

ÒWEJK@R CF B@KSW@I NKRSNSVNC@R Q@W FI B@K\FKN@ Fk uk prnkbnpn`, fi snstfoj cf b`ktr`i nkstjurjc` p`r fi BFCH quf sf ojktuv` vnefktf hjstj ij fktrjcj fk vne`r cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ :: fstjgj b`opufst` p`r trfs òrejk`s=  J) Ij B`onsnòk B`onsnòk Fur`pfj cf C Cfrfbh`s frfbh`s Huo Huojk`s, jk`s, quf frj fi ò òrejk` rejk` jktf qu qunfk nfk i`s nkcnvncu`s ` i`s Fstjc`s Qjrtfs sf cnrneïjk pjrj jifejr ij vuikfrjbnòk cfi B`kvfkn`.  J b`ktnkujbnòk, b`ktnkujbnòk, ij B`onsn B`onsnòk òk sf pr`kukbn pr`kukbnjgj jgj jbfrbj cf ij jconsngni jconsngnincjc ncjc cf ij cfoj cfojkcj kcj y sf fkbjrejgj cf fstjgifbfr i`s hfbh`s y, fk fi bjs` cf quf ij cfojkcj lufrj jconsngif, nktfktjgj uk jbufrc` jonst`s` fktrf ijs pjrtfs pjrj fvntjr uk pr`kukbnjo pr`kukbnjonfkt` nfkt` s`grf fi l`kc` y s`iubn`kjr cf l`roj oês rêpncj fi b`klinbt`. Fi b`ktfknc` cfi jbufrc` frj supfrvnsjc` p`r ij B`onsnòk pjrj fvntjr quf ijs pjrtfs pucnfrjk rfsuitjr pfrmucnbjcjs f, nkbius`, p`cïj cfbncnr k` jbfptjri` y sfeunr jcfijktf b`k fi fxjofk cfi bjs` sn b`ksncfrjgj b`ksncfrj gj quf frj cf nktfrîs pjrj ij cflfksj cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s y rfqufrïj uk fxjofk cfi l`kc`. Fk bjs` cf k` b`ksfeunr cnbh` jbufrc`, ij B`onsnòk fontïj ukj Cfbnsnòk fk fi quf sf pr`kukbnjgj jbfrbj cf ij fxnstfkbnj ` k` cf vuikfrjbnòk cf ukj cf ijs cnsp`snbn`kfs cfi B`kvfkn`, quf frj trjksontncj ji B`ontî cf Onknstr`s. Fstf òrejk` sneunò lukbn`kjkc` uk jú` cfspuîs cf ij fktrjcj fk vne`r cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ :: y sf fxtnkeunò fi 2: cf `btugrf cf :>>>. G) Fi Srngukji Fur`pf` cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s frj fi òrejk` fkbjrejc` cf pr`kukbnjrsf p`r ofcn` cf ukj sfktfkbnj cflnkntnvj y cf bjrêbtfr cfbijrjtnv`, s`grf i`s bjs`s quf if lufrjk fifvjc`s p`r ij B`onsnòk, p`r fi Fstjc` cfojkcjc` ` p`r fi Fstjc` cfi buji fi cfojkcjktf lufrj kjbn`kji. Cfspuîs cf ij fktrjcj fk vne`r cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ >, fi pjrtnbuijr p`cïj fifvjr su bjs` cnrfbtjofktf jktf fi Srngukji y uk B`ontî cf mufbfs (B`ontî cf lnitr`) cfbncïj sn îstf fxjonkjgj ` k` fi bjs`. Qjrj cfbncnr fi bjs`, b`ktjgj b`k ij Cfbnsnòk cf ij B`onsnòk, quf k` if vnkbuijgj, fk ij quf qufcjgjk fstjgifbnc`s i`s hfbh`s y fi pjrfbfr cf ij B`onsnòk jbfrbj cf ij fxnstfkbnj ` k` cf vuikfrjbn`kfs cf i`s cfrfbh`s nkv`bjc`s. Fi Srngukji sf fxtnkeunò ji onso` tnfop` quf ij B`onsnòk. B) Fi B`ontî cf Onknstr`s cfi B`ksfm` cf Fur`pj frj fi òrejk` fkbjrejc` cf flfbtujr fi sfeunonfkt` cf ij fmfbubnòk cf ijs sfktfkbnjs cfi SFCH y cf jc`ptjr  cfbnsn`kfs cflnkntnvjs s`grf ijs cfojkcjs fxjonkjcjs p`r ij B`onsnòk quf k` hugnfrjk snc` iifvjcjs ji Srngukji, k`rojiofktf j bjusj cf fxnstnr jgukcjktf murnsprucfkbnj s`grf ij ojtfrnj, fk buy` bjs` jbtujgj b`o` uk òrejk` p`iïtnb` b`k p`cfr cf cfbnsnòk. Ijs lukbn`kfs cf fstf òrejk` hjk qufcjc` rfcubncjs fk fi snstfoj jbtuji j ij prnofrj, fst` fs, ji sfeunonfkt` cf ij fmfbubnòk cf ijs sfktfkbnjs.

 

3 FI KVF\@ SWNGVKJI FVW@QF@ CF CFWFBH@R HVOJK@R (Fi Qr`t`b`i` k½ ::)  J pjrtnr cf :>81, fi brfbnfktf kýofr` kýofr` cf bjs`s prfs prfsfktjc`s fktjc`s jktf i`s òrej òrejk`s k`s cf b`ktr`i nkstntunc`s p`r fi B`kvfkn` b`ksneunò b`ijpsjr prêbtnbjofktf fi snstfoj fur`pf` cf pr`tfbbnòk. B`o` k`s hfo`s rflfrnc` b`k jktfrn`rncjc, fstf pr`gifoj sf vn` jerjvjc` b`k ij jchfsnòk cf kufv`s Fstjc`s cf Fur`pj @rnfktji y Bfktrji quf, j su vfz, prfsfktjr`k kuofr`sjs cfojkcjs jktf ijs nkstjkbnjs fur`pfjs. S`c` fii` cn` iuejr j uk jopin` cfgjtf s`grf ij kfbfsncjc cf rfl`rojr fi ofbjknso` cf b`ktr`i quf b`kbiuyò b`k ij jc`pbnòk cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ ::. Fi : cf k`vnfogrf cf :>>8 tuv` iuejr ij o`cnlnbjbnòk oês nop`rtjktf cfi snstfoj cf b`ktr`i fstjgifbnc` fk fi BFCH b`k ij fktrjcj fk vne`r cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ :: quf rfjinzj ukj o`cnlnbjbnòk b`opiftj cfi snstfoj jktfrn`r ofcnjktf ij nktr`cubbnòk cf bjogn`s fsfkbnjifs fk fi pr`bfcnonfkt` jktf fi Srngukji b`k ij b`ksneunfktf cfsjpjrnbnòk cf i`s jktfrn`rfs òrejk`s cf b`ktr`i. Fi bntjc` Qr`t`b`i` fstjgifbf uk kufv` Srngukji quf jbtujrê b`k bjrêbtfr pfrojkfktf fk ij sfcf cfi Qjijbn` cf Cfrfbh`s Huojk`s cf Fstrjsgure` sustntuyfkc` jsï j ij B`onsnòk y ji jktfrn`r Srngukji quf sf rfukïj sòi` curjktf ukjs sfojkjs ji jú`.  Ji b`ktrjrn` cf i` quf `burrïj `burrïj fk fi snstfoj jktfrn`r, fk c`kc c`kcf f i`s Fstjc`s p`cïjk p`cïjk jbfptjr cf l`roj `pbn`kji ij murnscnbbnòk cfi Srngukji y fi cfrfbh` ji rfburs` nkcnvncuji, fi kufv` SFCH tnfkf murnscnbbnòk `ginejt`rnj fk t`c`s i`s jsukt`s quf sf rflnfrjk j ij nktfrprftjbnòk y jpinbjbnòk cfi B`kvfkn` y cf sus Qr`t`b`i`s, nkbiuyfkc` ijs cfojkcjs nkcnvncujifs nkcnvncujifs f nktfrfstjtjifs, tji b`o` sf prfvî fk i`s jrtïbui`s 22 y 23 cfi B`kvfkn` fk su rfcjbbnòk o`cnlnbjcj. Fstj murnscnbbnòk `ginejt`rnj fs tjognîk fxbiusnvj, pufst` quf fi B`ontî cf Onknstr`s sf inontj j sfeunr ij fmfbubnòk cf ijs sfktfkbnjs pfrcnfkc` su bjpjbncjc cf cfbnsnòk fk i`s bjs`s p`rjktfrn`r. ij B`onsnòk y quf k` frjk fkvnjc`s ji Srngukji b`o` `burrïjfxjonkjc`s fk fi snstfoj  J pjrtnr cf ij fktrjcj fk vne`r vne`r cfi kufv` snstfoj, i`s pjrtnbuijrfs pjrtnbuijrfs pufcfk jbu jbucnr  cnr  cnrfbtjofktf jktf fi Srngukji snk quf sfj kfbfsjrnj ij cfbnsnòk prfvnj cf ij B`onsnòk ` cf i`s Fstjc`s Qjrtfs. Rnk fogjre`, fi Qr`t`b`i` k½ >, quf k` luf rjtnlnbjc` p`r Fspjúj y quf pfrcnò t`cj su vnrtujincjc b`k ij jpinbjbnòk cfi Qr`t`b`i` k½ ::, hjgïj sujvnzjc` fk pjrtf fi rfqunsnt` jktfrn`r, yj quf pfrontïj j i`s nkcnvncu`s jbucnr jktf fi Srngukji ukj vfz quf ij i j B`onsnòk hugnfrj b`kbiunc` su nkl`rof prfvn` fi fxjofk cfi B`ontî cf lnitr`. Q`r `tr` ijc`, fi SFCH tnfkf ukj b`opftfkbnj b`ksuitnvj j s`inbntuc cfi B`ontî cf Onknstr`s jbfrbj cf ijs bufstn`kfs murïcnbjs rfijtnvjs j ij nktfrprftjbnòk cfi B`kvfkn` y cf sus Qr`t`b`i`s. Fi kufv` Srngukji fstê l`rojc` p`r tjkt`s mufbfs b`o` Fstjc`s Qjrtfs. R`k fifenc`s p`r ij Jsjogifj Qjrijofktjrnj y l`rojk pjrtf cfi Srngukji j tïtui` nkcnvncuji. Ij curjbnòk cfi ojkcjt` fs cf sfns jú`s b`k p`sngnincjc ninontjcj cf rffifbbnòk hjstj fi iïontf cf ij fcjc fstjgifbncj (51 jú`s). K` sf pr`hïgf quf c`s ` oês mufbfs fifenc`s j tïtui` cf Fstjc`s cnstnkt`s tfkejk ij onsoj kjbn`kjincjc (Runzj y Infbhtfkstfnk). Cfgfk pjsjr ukj sfifbbnòk prfvnj trjs ij prfsfktjbnòk p`r pjrtf cfi Fstjc` cf ukj tfrkj b`k fi burrïbuiuo vntjf cf

 

bjcj uk` cf i`s bjkcncjt`s y fi s`oftnonfkt` j ukj fktrfvnstj jktf uk B`ontî brfjc` ji flfbt` b`k fi lnk cf vfrnlnbjr su jptntuc y fxpfrnfkbnj fk fi bjop` cf i`s cfrfbh`s huojk`s quf p`stfrn`rofktf l`rouijrê ukj rfb`ofkcjbnòk j ij  Jsjogifj Qjrijofktjrnj. Qjrijofktjrnj. Fi kufv` Srngukji fxne fxnef f ukj cfcnbjbnòk pf pfrojkfktf rojkfktf y i`s mufbfs, jcfoês cf e`zjr cf ij oês jitj b`ksncfrjbnòk o`rji y rfuknr ijs b`kcnbn`kfs rfqufrncjs, k` p`crêk fmfrbfr curjktf su ojkcjt` knkeukj jbtnvncjc quf sfj nkb`opjtngif b`k ijs fxnefkbnjs cf nkcfpfkcfkbnj, nopjrbnjincjc ` cnsp`kngnincjc kfbfsjrnj pjrj fmfrbfr ij jbtnvncjc murnscnbbn`kji j tnfop` b`opift`.

@WEJKN]JBNÒK ^ LVKBN@KJONFKS@ Fi Srngukji jbtýj fk B`ontîs cf trfs mufbfs, Rjijs cf snftf Mufbfs y fk c`s l`rojbn`kfs cf Erjk Rjij b`opufstjs p`r :5 mufbfs (oês supifktfs). Ijs bufstn`kfs jconknstrjtnvjs y cf `rejknzjbnòk sf cnsbutfk fk fi Qifk` cfi B`ontî. Ijs Rjijs sf b`kstntuyfk fk fi sfk` cf ijs Rfbbn`kfs, tîronk` quf lneurj sòi` fk fi Wfeijofkt` cfi Srngukji. J pjrtnr cfi : cf ojrz` cf 711>3, lfbhj fk ij quf sf jgrnò j ij lnroj ln roj fi Qr`t`b`i` k½ ::, rfprfsfktjk oês cf 731 onii`kfs cf nkcnvncu`s oês quf qufcjk pr`tfenc`s p`r ijs cnsp`snbn`kfs cfi B`kvfkn`. Fk 7113, fi snstfoj bugrïj j 811 onii`kfs cf pfrs`kjs. Fk rfsuofk= fi snstfoj frj vïbtnoj cf su pr`pn` îxnt`, pfr` ij flnbjbnj y brfcngnincjc cfi snstfoj fstjgjk jofkjzjcjs. Ij cf trjgjm` cficfkukbnjs Srngukji frj pfrbfptngif fk cfi c`s>1%) pijk`s cnlfrfktfs4 p`rs`grfbjrej uk ijc`, oubhjs cf ijs nkcnvncujifs (oês frjk cfbijrjcjs nkjconsngifs y su jkêinsns k` cfsfog`bjg cfsfog`bjgj j fk ukj cfbnsnòk s`grf fi l`kc`4 cf `tr`, subfcïj quf uk erjk kýofr` cf cfojkcjs tfkïjk su `rnefk fk ij onsoj bjusj fstrubturji y cf i` ýknb` quf sf trjtjgj frj cf rfpftnr ij sfktfkbnj prfbfcfktf (sfktfkbnjs pni`t`). Fstjcïstnbjs i` cfoufstrjk= fk 7112, sf cfbijrjr`k nkjconsngifs :5.751 cfojkcjs y sòi` 562 lufr`k jcontncjs. B`o` sf pufcf `gsfrvjr, ij ojy`rïj cf ijs cfkukbnjs tfronkjr`k fk ukj cfbnsnòk cf nkjconsngnincjc (fi >83.

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LVF LVFKSF KSFSJR SJRJ J QJRS QJRS@W, @W, M. J. J.,, Fi pr`b pr`bfs` fs` mu mucnb cnbnji nji b`ouk b`oukntj ntjrn` rn`,, Ojcr Ojcrnc, nc, O. Q`ks, :>><

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EJW EJWBÏJ BÏJ CF CF FKSFWW FKSFWWÏJ, ÏJ, F F., ., Ij gjtj gjtjiij iij p`r p`r ij ijss ofc ofcncj ncjss bj bjutf utfijr ijrfs. fs. Cfrfbh` b`oukntjrn` fur`pf` y pr`bfs` b`ktfkbn`s`-jconknstrjtnv` b`ktfkbn`s`-jconknstrjtnv` fspjú`i, Ojcrnc, Bïvntjs, 7ª fc., :>>6.

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W@C W@CWÏE WÏEVF] VF] NEIF NEIFRNJ RNJR, B B.. y INÚÊK INÚÊK K@EV K@EVFWJ FWJR, R, C. M., F Fi i Cfr Cfrfbh fbh` ` b`oukntjrn` fur`pf` y R, su E. jpinbjbnòk mucnbnji, Ojcrnc, Bïvntjs, :>>2.

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\JK \JKCFW CFWRJK RJKCFK CFK,, E. y JG JGJWJ JWJ\, \, J. J.,, B`ktfk B`ktfktnf tnfux ux b`oou b`ooukj kjutj utjnrf nrf,, Grusfijs, Gruyijkt, :>55.

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QFS QFSFWR FWR,, Fcw Fcwjrc jrc.. :>8 :>85. 5. Ij t` t`rtu rturj. rj. Ojcrnc Ojcrnc== Jinj Jinjkzj kzj F Fcnt cnt`rn `rnji. ji. p. 7 711. 11.