Sistema de Control Interno para Exportación de Cafe A Europa

 

 

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6.6 Ah Guhtlvm da Gfjì

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6.? Dajlelgl÷e da Fkrlguhturf Mrkæelgf

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6.?.6 ^rleglplms da hf Fkrlguhturf Mrkæelgf 6.7 Gfjìs Gartljlgfdms

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6.7.6 Lipmrtfeglf da hms Gfjìs Gartljlgfdms

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6.7.? ^hftfjmrif WGFE-_ad da Fslstaeglf pfrf prmdugtms prlifrlms

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smstaelohas 6.7.7 Gartljlgfgl÷e da Gfjì Mrkæelgm

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6.7.7.6 _akuhfglmea _akuhfglmeass Mjlglfhas

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6.7.7.? Mrkfelsims da Gartljlgfgl÷e 6.4 _akhfiaetm Aurmpam smora Fkrlguhturf Agmh÷klgf (GA) 274/?>>; y

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(GA) 22>2 6.1 Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem (WGL) 6.1.6  Astrugturf dah Wlstaif Letarem da Kastl÷e LL

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DAWF__MHHM DAH TAIF

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?.6 Jmriuhfgl÷e y Dajlelgl÷e dah ^rmohaif

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?.? Iatmdmhmkéf da hf Levastlkfgl÷e

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?.7 Dajlelgl÷e dah Qelvarsm

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?.4 Hukfr dah Trfof`m

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?.1 Dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh

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?.1.6 Lespagg Lespaggl÷e l÷e Letaref f elvah dah WGL

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?.1.? Lespagg Lespaggl÷e l÷e Letaref f elvah da hfs Qeldfdas ^rmdugtlvfs

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?.1.7 ^rleglpfhas prmohaifs aegmetrfdm aegmetrfdmss

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?.: ^rmpuastf da hf Ia`mrf - Liphaiaetfgl÷e

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?.; ^rmgasm da Fudltmrlf

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?.;.6 _auel÷e da Fparturf

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?.;.? _avlsl÷e dmguiaetfrlf dah WGL

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?.;.7 Lespagg Lespaggl÷e l÷e f elvah da gfipm fh WGL ?.;.4 _auel÷e da Glarra

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?.;.1 Asquaif da hms ^fsms pfrf motaear hf Gartljlgfgl÷e Mrkæelgf

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Feaxm 6 Jlgbf Tìgelgf da hf Jlegf Feaxm ? Jlgbf da Lespaggl÷e Letaref Feaxm 7 _asuhtfdms da dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh

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Ldaetljlgfgl÷e y avfhufgl÷e 4< Feaxm 4 _asuhtfdms da guiphlilaetm da WGL- Ldaetljlgfgl÷e da rlaskms. Feaxm 1 Lesuims axtarems

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K_FJLGMW Krfjlgm E¾ >6, Axpmrtfgl÷e da gfjì fh iargfdm aurmpam Krfjlgm E¾ >?, Axpmrtfgl÷e da gfjì mrkæelgm pmr dastlem. Krfjlgm E¾ >7, Axpmrtfglmeas da Gfjì Mrkæelgm vs Gmevaeglmef Gmevaeglmefh.h. Kræjlgm E¾ >4, ^rmdugtmras da gfjì gme gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf Kræjlgm E¾ >1, Wuparjlglas gme guhtlvms gme gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf mrkæelgf   Krfjlgm E¾ >:, Aiprasfs axpmrtfdmrfs da Gfjì.

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Krfjlgm E¾ >;, ^raglms JMO rajaraeglfhas ae Ck

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Krfjlgm E¾ >2, Gfjì gmiarglfhlzfdm pmr hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da

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hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle (sakðe hms Wahhms) Krfjlgm E¾ >.?% dah æraf fkrégmhf efglmefh gme guhtlvms. Dms ilhhmeas da parsmefs pfrtlglpfe da hf fgtlvldfd dlsailefdf ae 61 dapfrtfiaetms, 1; prmvleglfs y 772 dlstrltms. Hf ifymr gmegaetrfgl÷e dah æraf gfjatfharf sa aeguaetrf ae hms dapfrtfiaetms da @ueée, Wfe Ifrtle, Gf`fifrgf, Gusgm y Fifzmefs, raprasaetfedm tmdfs ahhfs, ah 2% hmkrf axpmrtfr su gfjì da ifearf dlragtf. Fdaiæs, asta guhtlvm `uetm gme ah gfgfm, gmestltuyae uem da hms prmdugtms astrftìklgms  pfrf hf a`agugl÷e a`agugl÷e da prmkrfifs ddaa dasfrrmhhm fhtareftlvm, ta taelaedm elaedm ae guaetf guaetf qua iugbfs iugbfs zmefs dmeda sa guhtlvf ah gfjì bfe sldm zmefs prmdugtmrfs da bm`f da gmgf, y gme juarta  prasaeglf da fgtlvldfdas da træjlgm lhégltm da drmkfs y tarrmrlsim. Ah gfjì as uem da hms guhtlvms iæs lipmrtfetas f elvah efglmefh, fh sar uef juaeta kaearfdmrf da aipham a lekrasms3 y ue krfe daifedfeta da lesuims, olaeas y sarvlglms3 ae ah ?>6: fpmrtm ue tmtfh da QW$ ;1; ilhhmeas (JMO) f hfs fkrm axpmrtfglmeas (61% dah tmtfh), y ue 7.1% dah Zfhm Zfhmrr da hf ^rmduggl÷e Fkrmpa Fkrmpagufrlf, gufrlf, sle aiofrk aiofrkm, m, jua ae ah föm ?>66 gufedm hf prmduggl÷e efglmefh da gfjì fhgfezm ue elvah ragmrd da 77? ilh tmeahfdfs.  Em mostfeta, ah gfjì bf raklstrfdm prmohaifs da raedlilaetm daoldm f ifea`ms lefdagufdms dah guhtlvm a lesujlglaetas fgglmeas da pravaegl÷e fh ftfqua da phfkfs, hm gufh bf mrlklefdm qua hfs phfetfglmeas safe iuy vuhearfohas y susgaptlohas, gmhmgfedm ae krfva rlaskm hf raetfolhldfd dah guhtlvm, suifdm f qua hms prmdugtmras em sa aegmetrfofe mrkfelzfdms, mrkfelzfdms, y em gmetfofe gme fslstaeglf tìgelgf.

6 LZ GAEFK_M (Gaesm Efglmefh Fkrmpagufrlm ?>6?)  

1

 

Dasda qua ae ah föm 661, as uef mrkfelzfgl÷e da prliar krfdm, qua sa dadlgf f hf prmduggl÷e, fgmplm y gmiarglfhlzfgl÷e da gfjìs aspaglfhas, uolgfdf ae ah Dlstrltm da Wfe Ifrtle, ^rmvleglf Ah Dmrfdm ae ah Dapfrtfiaetm da da Wfe Ifrtle, prmiu prmiuavae avae ah dasfrrmhhm dasfrrmhhm da hf fk fkrlguhturf rlguhturf mrkæelgf y smstaeloha f trfvìs da hms plhfras smglfhas, fiolaetfhas y agme÷ilgms gme ue aejmqua da ia`mrf gmetleuf, qua gmetrlouya f hf raguparfgl÷e da agmslstaifs y fuiaetm da hf raetfolhldfd da gfdf uem da hms fsmglfdms.

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L. _AZLWLME OLOHLMK_FJ OLOHLMK_FJLGF LGF 6.6 Ah Guhtlvm dah Gfjì Ah gfjatm (Gmjjaf fræolgf H.)  as hf phfetf astliuhfeta iæs dljuedldf ae ah iuedm, as mrluedf da Folslelf (fgtufh rapðohlgf da Atlmpéf), sltufdm ae hf pfrta emrmrlaetfh dah gmetleaeta fjrlgfem (Ofrraeagbaf, 6 kìearms y 2>>> aspaglas. Qem da hms 1>> kìearms da astf jfilhlf as Gmjjaf, gmestltuldm pmr æromhas, froustms y oa`ugms3 gmipraeda uefs 6> aspaglas guhtlvfdfs y 1> aspaglas slhvastras. Hf phfetf sa gfrfgtarlzf pmr taear ue ouae graglilaetm rfdlguhfr, hf rféz prleglpfh puada hhakfr f gragar bfstf 1> gi. da prmjuedldfd (Kubfrfy at fh, ?>>>3 Jadarfgl÷e Efglmefh da Gfjatarms da Gmhmiolf, 6>>3 Gaelgfja, 6>>  QtliaecmOfcuimvscl, 6). Ae ah iuedm axlstae dms aspaglas gmiarglfhas0 Gmjjaf frfolgf, gmemgldf tfiolìe gmim ‘frfolgf’ qua raprasaetf ah ;>% da hf prmduggl÷e iuedlfh y Gmjjaf gfeapbmrf, gmemgldf tfiolìe gmim ‘rmoustf’ qua raprasaetf

hf prmduggl÷e iuedlfh (Gfstföadf, ?>>4). ;

ah 7>% da

 

6.? Dajlelgl÷e da Fkrlguhturf Mrkæelgf

Wakðe Gmdax Fhliaetfrlus "Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf as ue slstaif bmhéstlgm da kastl÷e da hf prmduggl÷e qua jmiaetf y ia`mrf hf sfhud dah fkrmagmslstaif, y ae pfrtlguhfr hf olmdlvarsldfd, hms glghms olmh÷klgms, y hf fgtlvldfd olmh÷klgf dah suahm’.

Wakðe JFM ‘Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf as ue slstaif da prmduggl÷e qua trftf da utlhlzfr fh

iæxlim hms ragursms da hf jlegf, dæedmha ìejfsls f hf jartlhldfd dah suahm y hf fgtlvldfd olmh÷klgf y fh ilsim tlaipm, f ilelilzfr ah usm da hms ragursms em raemvfohas y em utlhlzfr jartlhlzfetas y phfkulgldfs sletìtlgms pfrf prmtakar ah iadlm fiolaeta y hf sfhud buifef’.  

Wakðe LJMFI ‘Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf (tfiolìe gmemgldf gmim ‘Olmh÷klgf’ m Agmh÷klgf m

gufhqular mtrf pfhforf aqulvfhaeta y prmtakldf ae mtrms ldlmifs) as ue slstaif bmhéstlgm, ofsfdm ae uef sarla da prmgasms qua rasuhtfe ae ue agmslstaif smstaeloha, fhliaetms sakurms, ouaef eutrlgl÷e, olaeastfr felifh y `ustlglf smglfh’.

6.?.6 ^rleglplms da hf Fkrlguhturf Mrkæelgf?   

Ah ^rleglplm da Wfhud Asta prleglplm smstlaea qua hf sfhud da hms ledlvldums y hfs gmiueldfdas em  puada sar sapfrfdf da hf sfhud da hms agmslstaifs - suahms sfhudfohas prmdugae guhtlvms sfhudfohas, qua jmiaetfe hf sfhud da hms felifhas y hfs parsmefs. Ah rmh da hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf, yf saf ae hf prmduggl÷e, trfesjmrifgl÷e, dlstrlougl÷e m gmesuim, as ah da ifetaear y ia`mrfr hf sfhud da hms agmslstaifs y mrkfelsims, dasda hm iæs paquaöm ae ah suahm, bfstf hms saras buifems. Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf ae pfrtlguhfr, tlaea hf jlefhldfd da prmduglr fhliaetms eutrltlvms da fhtf gfhldfd qua prmiuavfe ue guldfdm pravaetlvm da hf sfhud y dah  olaeastfr.

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Fsfiohaf Fsfioha f Kaearfh da LJMFI (Fdahfldf - Fustrfhlf, ?>>1)

2

 

 

Ah ^rleglplm da Agmhmkéf Asta prleglplm aerfézf hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf daetrm da slstaifs agmh÷klgms vlvms. Astfohaga qua hf prmduggl÷e daoa astfr ofsfdf ae prmgasm agmh÷klgms y ah raglghf`a. Hf eutrlgl÷e y ah olaeastfr sa hmkrfe f trfvìs da hf agmhmkéf dah fiolaeta prmdugtlvm aspagéjlgm, pmr a`aiphm, ae ah gfsm da guhtlvms, as ah suahm vlvm3 ae felifhas, as ah agmslstaif da hf krfe`f y ae pagas y mrkfelsims ifrlems as ah fiolaeta fguætlgm. Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf daoa hmkrfr ah aqulhlorlm agmh÷klgm f trfvìs dah dlsaöm da slstaifs fkrfrlms, ah astfohaglilaetm da bæoltfts y ah ifetaelilaetm da hf dlvarsldfd kaeìtlgf y fkrégmhf. Vulaeas prmdugae, trfesjmrife, gmiarglfhlzfe m gmesuiae prmdugtms mrkæelgms daoae prmtakar y oaeajlglfr ah fiolaeta gmiðe qua leghuya pflsf`as, bæoltfts, olmdlvarsldfd, flra y fkuf.

 

Ah ^rleglplm da Aquldfd Hf aquldfd astæ gfrfgtarlzfdf pmr hf lkufhdfd, ah raspatm, hf `ustlglf y hf kastl÷e raspmesfoha dah iuedm gmipfrtldm, tfetm aetra buifems, gmim ae sus rahfglmeas gme mtrms saras vlvms. Asta prleglplm raifrgf qua sa daoa mtmrkfr f hms felifhas hfs gmedlglmeas da vldf qua safe fgmrdas gme su jlslmhmkéf, gmipmrtfilaetm efturfh y olaeastfr. Hms ragursms efturfhas y fiolaetfhas utlhlzfdms pfrf hf prmduggl÷e y gmesuim daoae sar kastlmefdms da tfh jmrif qua saf `ustf smglfh y agmh÷klgfiaeta, daolaedm ifetaearsa gmim hakfdm pfrf juturfs kaearfglmeas. Hf aquldfd raqulara da slstaifs da prmduggl÷e, dlstrlougl÷e y gmiarglm folartms y `ustms qua tmiae ae guaetf hms vardfdarms gmstms» fiolaetfhas y smglfhas.

 

Ah ^rleglplm da ^ragfugl÷e Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf as ue slstaif vlvm y dleæilgm qua raspmeda f daifedfs y gmedlglmeas letarefs y axtarefs. Vulaeas prfgtlgfe hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf  puadae legraiaetfr hf ajlglaeglf y hf prmdugtlvldfd slaipra qua em gmiprmiatfe hf sfhud y ah olaeastfr. ^mr hm tfetm, hfs euavfs tagemhmkéfs eagasltfe sar avfhufdfs y hms iìtmdms axlstaetas ravlsfdms. Daoldm f qua s÷hm axlsta ue gmemglilaetm pfrglfh da hms agmslstaifs y hf fkrlguhturf, sa daoa tmifr ae guaetf hf pragfugl÷e. Asta prleglplm astfohaga qua hf pragfugl÷e y hf raspmesfolhldfd sme ahaiaetms ghfva ae hf kastl÷e, dasfrrmhhm y ahaggl÷e da tagemhmkéfs pfrf hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf. Hf glaeglf as eagasfrlf pfrf fsakurfr qua hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf saf sfhudfoha, sakurf y agmh÷klgfiaeta raspmesfoha. <

 

Wle aiofrkm s÷hm ah gmemglilaetm glaetéjlgm em as sujlglaeta. Hf axparlaeglf  prægtlgf, hf sfolduréf fguiuhfdf y ah gmemglilaetm hmgfh y trfdlglmefh mjragae smhuglmeas væhldfs gmiprmofdfs pmr ah tlaipm. Hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf daoa  pravaelr rlaskms lipmrtfetas fdmptfedm tagemhmkéfs fprmplfdfs y ragbfzfedm hfs lipradaglohas, gmim hm as hf lekaelaréf kaeìtlgf.

6.7 Gfjìs Gartljlgfdms Hf gartljlgfgl÷e as uef kfrfetéf pmr asgrltm dfdm pmr ue mrkfelsim da gartljlgfgl÷e ledapaedlaeta, qua fsakurf qua ah prmgasm da prmduggl÷e m ah  prmdugtm guiphae gme glartms raqulsltms m emrifs astfohagldfs pmr dljaraetas mrkfelzfglmeas m pfésas. Hf emrif da gartljlgfgl÷e sa guipha f trfvìs da ue axfiae tìgelgm qua as emrifhiaeta gmedugldm pmr uef mrkfelzfgl÷e ledapaedlaeta y fgradltfdf (Vulspa, ?>>;). Hms gfjìs gartljlgfdms sme fquahhms qua guiphae gme uef sarla da astæedfras dajleldms letarefglmefhiaeta pmr mrkfelzfglmeas prlvfdfs m aetldfdas pðohlgfs y gartljlgfdfs pmr fkaeglfs futmrlzfdfs. Dlgbfs fkaeglfs sme aetldfdas qua astfohagae sus prmplms prmkrfifs da varljlgfgl÷e y guiphlilaetm da astæedfras. Astms gartljlgfdms prmiuavae hf gmesarvfgl÷e dah iadlm fiolaeta, ah dasfrrmhhm smglfh, hf trfzfolhldfd y hf gfhldfd dah prmdugtm.

6.7.6 Lipmrtfeglf da hms gfjìs gartljlgfdms0 • ^rmiuavae hf gmesarvfgl÷e dah

iadlm fiolaeta y hf em dapradfgl÷e da

ragursms efturfhas. • Ousgfe ah pfkm `ustm fh prmdugtmr y f hms trfof`fdmras trfof`f dmras da hf jlegf. • Jmiaetf ah dasfrrmhhm da hfs ouaefs prægtlgfs fkrégmhfs. • ^rmiuava ah dasfrrmhhm smglfh ae hfs gmiueldfdas gfjatfharfs0   fggasm

f hf

sfhud, adugfgl÷e, gfpfgltfgl÷e, sarvlglms oæslgms. • Ousgfe hf aquldfd da kìearm (lkufhdfd da mpmrtueldfdas pfrf vfr÷e y iu`ar). • ^rmiuava ah em usm da fkrmquéilgms y jartlhlzfetas sletìtlgms. sletìtl gms. • Ousgf ah dasfrrmhhm smstaeloha da hfs ueldfd as prmdugtlvfs. • Jmiaetf ah trftfilaetm da rasldums s÷hldms, héquldms y ah mrdaefilaetm da hf

jlegf. • Ousgf ia`mrfr hf gfhldfd dah gfjì (raedlilaetm jéslgm y saesmrlfh). • ^rmiuava ah jmrtfhaglilaetm da hfs mrkfelzfglmeas da prmdugtmras. 6>

 

6.7.? ^hftfjmrif WGFE-_ad da Fslstaeglf ^frf ^rmdugtms ^rlifrlms Wmstaelohas Hf WGFE as uef lelglftlvf letarefglmefh pfrf hf jmrifgl÷e da gfpfgldfdas, qua tlaea gmim jlefhldfd prmvaar sarvlglms da fslstaeglf tìgelgf f hms prmdugtmras qua vlaeae dasfrrmhhfedm gfjìs gartljlgfdms m tfiolìe daemilefdms gfjìs smstaelohas. Jua grafdf ae ah föm ?>>; pmr hf lelglftlvf da ^rmdugtms ^rlifrlms Wmstaelohas, y tlaea gmim prmp÷sltm liphaiaetfr uef rad khmofh da fslstaeglf tìgelgf pfrf  prmdugtmras qua dasafe fg fggadar gadar f iargfd iargfdms ms da gfjìs ga gartljlgfdms. rtljlgfdms. Ærafs da lipmrtfeglf ghfva ldaetljlgfdfs0 • Ouaefs prægtlgfs smstaelohas • Ifea`m oæslgm da jlefezfs jlefezfs y rlaskms • Trfzfolhldfd y Wlstaifs da Kastl÷e da Gfhldfd • Lejmrifgl÷e da iargfdm (fggasm y usm) • Dasfrrmhhm mrkfelzfglmefh

Da astfs glegm ærafs da lipmrtfeglf ghfva ldaetljlgfdfs pmr WGFE, hf phftfjmrif  parufef fgmrd÷ prlmrlzfr ah taif da hfs Ouaefs ^rægtlgfs Wmstaelohas y Wlstaifs Letarems da Gmetrmh y Kastl÷e. ^hftfjmrif Efglmefh- WGFE ^arð-Gfjì0 • @uetf Efglmefh dah Gfjì -@EG • Gæifrf ^arufef da Gfjì y Gfgfm

- G^G

• _flejmrast Fhhéfega • Wmhldfrldfd (Bmhfedf) • QTP Gartljlad • LJMFI (Jadarfgl÷e Letarefglmefh da Imvlilaetms da Fkrlguhturf

Mrkæelgf) • JHM (Jflrtrfda Hfoahhlek Mrkfelzftlmes Letareftlmefh)

6.7.7 Gartljlgfgl÷e da Gfjì Mrkæelgm Wakðe Vulspa (?>>;). Hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf sa lelgl÷ gmim uef sarla da emriftlvfs prlvfdfs, astfohagldfs ae su ifymréf pmr fsmglfglmeas da prmdugtmras y gmesuildmras mrkæelgms3 gmmrdlefdms iuedlfhiaeta pmr LJMFI. Wle aiofrkm, dfdm ah graglilaetm dah sagtmr, hf Qel÷e Aurmpaf gmesldar÷ eagasfrlm astfohagar hf prliarf rakuhfgl÷e pfrf hf gartljlgfgl÷e da prmdugtms mrkæelgms ae 6:. Hfs emriftlvfs da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf em sme aspagéjlgfs pfrf gfjì, slem qua sme emrifs kaearfhas pfrf tmdms hms guhtlvms, leghuyaedm fspagtms gmim ifea`m iagfelzfdm da hfs ifhazfs, pfrf hf jartlhlzfgl÷e y ah gmetrmh da phfkfs sa fprmvagbfe tmdms hms ragursms efturfhas dlspmelohas ae hf jlegf (m ae hfs gargfeéfs) pfrf hf ahfomrfgl÷e gfsarf da fomems mrkæelgms y phfkulgldfs efturfhas, ragurrlaedm feta tmdm fh aipham da hf ifem da morf da paquaöms  prmdugtmras. Ah prliar pfsm qua daoa dfr uef aiprasf gfjatfharf pfrf mptfr pmr uef gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf as ah gmetfgtm gme ue mrkfelsim da gartljlgfgl÷e fgradltfdm feta ah WAEFWF y feta hf Futmrldfd dah iargfdm da dastlem, y daspuìs qua sa varljlqua ah guiphlilaetm da dmguiaetfgl÷e pravlf, sa rafhlzf hf lespaggl÷e lelglfh le sltu  pfrf fsakurfrsa da qua hf prmduggl÷e asta da fguardm gme hfs daghfrfglmeas ajagtufdfs ae hf smhlgltud. Hf gmejmrildfd da hf lespaggl÷e dfræ gmim rasuhtfdm ah lelglm pfrf ah parlmdm da trfeslgl÷e da tras föms pfrf motaear ah sahhm da gartljlgfgl÷e, uef vaz vaz motaeldm hf gartljlgfgl÷e ah ah mrkfelsim da gartljlgfgl÷e rafhlzfrf lespagglmeas feufhas. Wlaedm uef smhf emriftlvf da prmduggl÷e, hms asquaifs da gartljlgfgl÷e da hms  prmdugtmras ledlvldufhas y hfs aiprasfs fkrégmhfs as dljaraeta fh qua sa rafhlzf f krupms mrkfelzfdms. Ae uef jlegf sa gmetrmhf feufhiaeta tmdm ah prmgasm y ah gartljlgfdm qua sa mtmrkf as axghuslvm pfrf ah prmplatfrlm. Ae ue krupm fsmglfdm da prmdugtmras em as jfgtloha vlsltfr gfdf uef da hfs jlegfs pmr hms gmstms da hf lespaggl÷e, pmr hm qua ah krupm daoa mrkfelzfr ue slstaif da gmetrmh letarem (WGL) qua varljlqua ah guiphlilaetm da hf emrif mrkæelgf y as ah slstaif. Ae astms gfsms, ah mrkfelsim da gartljlgfgl÷e rafhlzf hf lespaggl÷e feufh (lespaggl÷e axtaref) varljlgfedm hf ajlglaeglf y ah guiphlilaetm dah slstaif da gmetrmh letarem, y hm gmipruaof gmipruaof iadlfeta iua iuastrfs strfs raprasaetftlvfs fh fzfr da hfs jlegfs f lespagglmefr.

6.7.7.6 _akuhfglmeas Mjlglfhas      

   

 

Qel÷e Aurmpaf (AQ 274/?>>;, 22>2, ;6>/?>>44-?>>:-FK-WAEFW >44-?>>:-FK-WAEFWF. F. 6?

 

6.7.7.? Mrkfelsims da Gartljlgfgl÷e Ae ^arð hms prleglpfhas mrkfelsims da gartljlgfgl÷e futmrlzfdms pfrf gartljlgfr hfs rakuhfglmeas mjlglfhas sme GA_AW, LIM Gmetrmh, Gmetrmh Qel÷e, Clwf, Olmhftlef, aetra mtrms.

6.4 _akhfiaetm Aurmpam smora Fkrlguhturf Agmh÷klgf (GA) 274/?>>; y (GA) 22>2  Dasda ah 6rm da Aearm da ?>>>; dajlea hfs rakhfs oæslgfs, ilaetrfs ah _akhfiaetm da hf Gmilsl÷e (GA) 22>2 dasgrloa hms datfhhas. Asta ðhtlim sa hhfif tfiolìe "rakhfiaetm da liphaiaetfgl÷e". Emrifhiaeta, fh bfohfr dah _ak. (GA) 274/>;, liphégltfiaeta ems rajarlims tfiolìe fh _ak. (GA) 222.

6.1 Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem (WGL) Da fguardm gme Avfes (?>>1), ue slstaif as ue gme`uetm da jueglmeas m fgtlvldfdas daetrm da uef mrkfelzfgl÷e letarrahfglmefdfs pfrf hmkrfr mo`atlvms da ìstf, pfrf Jalkaeofure (6>4). Ae ìh sa letakrfe tmdms hms ashfomeas da hf gfdaef da prmduggl÷e, leghuyaedm guhtlvm, gmsagbf, fhifgaefilaetm, trfesjmrifgl÷e, aipfqua y dlstrlougl÷e. Wa imeltmrafe hfs fgtlvldfdas y hms prmgasms, y sa gmetrmhf hf dmguiaetfgl÷ee (IF ZDT, ?>>4). dmguiaetfgl÷ 67

 

Hms Wlstaifs da Gmetrmh Letarems, sa rajlarae f tras pfhforfs qua sa aeguaetrfe hlkfdfs f hms prmgasms da hfs dljaraetas gartljlgfglmeas pfrf gfjì y mtrms  prmdugtms. As iæs, sme uef taedaeglf da hf fdilelstrfgl÷e y dah ia`mrfilaetm gmetleum3 gmestltuyae uef barrfilaetf pfrf hf kastl÷e aiprasfrlfh da hms krupms da prmdugtmras. Ah g÷dlkm LWAFH da Ouaefs ^rægtlgfs pfrf astfohagar astæedfras smglfhas y fiolaetfhas, bf ahfomrfdm ah tìrilem Wlstaif Letarem da Kastl÷e (WLK) y daoa gmesldarfrsa gmim sle÷elim da Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem (WGL) ([yss at fh., ?>>;). Ah prmgasm da phfeafgl÷e leghuya guftrm gmipmeaetas, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae ah slkulaeta dlfkrfif0

Jlkurf E¾ >60 Gmipmeaetas dah ^rmgasm da ^hfeafgl÷e. Juaeta0 @mrka Mhlvm (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

^frf trfof`fr da hf ifearf iæs ajlglaeta pmsloha sa dasfrrmhhf ue aejmqua ofsfdm ae rlaskms, astm slkeljlgf qua ah WGL daoa ldaetljlgfr hms rlaskms y dajlelr ah ifea`m da hms ilsims, hm qua leghuya0 Ldaetljlgfgl÷e da tmdms hms rlaskms qua puadfe fiaefzfr hfs gartljlgfglmeas m hf gfhldfd dah prmdugtm. Hms rlaskms sa daoae ldaetljlgfr ae tmdfs hfs atfpfs dah  prmgasm da prmduggl÷e y gm gmiarglfhlzfgl÷e. iarglfhlzfgl÷e. Dasfrrmhhm da ue phfe da ifea`m qua dajlef astrftaklfs pfrf ilelilzfr hms rlaskms ldaetljlgfdms. Hfs iadldfs pfrf ilelilzfr hms rlaskms daoae astfr gmetaeldfs ae ah WGL y daoaræ gaetrfr hms ragursms ae astfs ærafs, gfpfgldfd pfrf gmiprmofr sl hfs iadldfs tmifdfs bfe ldm ilelilzfedm hms rlaskms ldaetljlgfdms.

64

 

6.1.6 Astrugturf dah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem Hm qua leghuya ue Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem sa rasuia ae hm slkulaeta0 • Lejmrifgl÷e fgargf da hms astæedfras ast æedfras mrkæelgms. • Mrkfelzfgl÷e dah WGL0 astrugturf fdilelstrftlvf y jueglmeas. • Dmguiaetfgl÷e pmr mrkfelzfgl÷e0

- _akhfiaetm Letarem0 astftus hakfh, mrkfelkrfif, jueglmeas, raspmesfolhldfdas raspmesfolhldfdas,,

daragbms y mohlkfglmeas da hms prmdugtmras ilaiorms, prmgadlilaetms y jmriftms.

- Iadldfs da gmetrmh. - Wfeglmeas.

Gfpfgltfgl÷ee dah parsmefh. - Gfpfgltfgl÷ - Gfhljlgfgl÷e dah parsmefh. - Dmguiaetfgl÷e pmr prmdugtmr0 gmetrftms, blstmrlfh da gfipm, grmquls, hlstf da

 prmdugtmras fgtufhlzfdf, atg. • Lespagglmeas letarefs0 iatmdmhmkéfs, jraguaeglfs, rasuhtfdms, avfhufglmeas, atg.

Fpfrta da hfs vlsltfs da imeltmram y sakulilaetm qua raglolræe hms prmdugtmras durfeta ah föm, gfdf prmdugtmr daoa raglolr, pmr hm iaems, uef vlsltf da lespaggl÷e letaref da sakulilaetm y avfhufgl÷e dah guiphlilaetm emriftlvm, slilhfr f hf rafhlzfdf pmr hf aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf, f sfoar, ragmrrldm da ærafs da  prmduggl÷e, fhifgaeas, ravlsl÷e dah phfe feufh da prmduggl÷e, ærafs da  oaeajlglm. ^frf ahhm, hf Mrkfelzfgl÷e daoaræ gmetfr gme jlgbfs da lespaggl÷e letaref, hfs gufhas saræe hhaefdfs pmr hms lespagtmras letarems fh jlefhlzfr ah ragmrrldm pmr gfdf sltlm da prmduggl÷e. Ae prliarf lestfeglf, hfs lespagglmeas letarefs, puadae sar rafhlzfdfs ðelgfiaeta pmr ah aqulpm da fslstaeglf tìgelgf, parm hf taedaeglf daoa sar f legmrpmrfr ae gmrtm phfzm y gfdf vaz ae ifymr iadldf, f prmdugtmras hédaras y da gmedugtf a`aiphfr, qua saræe hms qua gmejmriae ah WGL. Hfs lespagglmeas letarefs daoae sar rafhlzfdfs pmr hms prmplms prmdugtmras,  pravlf gfpfgltfgl÷e y fgmipföfila fgmipföfilaetm etm pmr hms tìgelgms da gfipm, fprmxlifdfiaeta ae ue phfzm da ?-4 föms hms prmdugtmras p rmdugtmras gmiphatfiaeta daoa daoaee bfgarsa gfrkm dah WGL. ^frf avltfr gmejhlgtms da letarìs, kaearfhiaeta hms axtaeslmelstfs m prmdugtmras sa letargfiolfe, sakðe saf ah gfsm, aetra hms dljaraetas sagtmras m gfsaréms. 61

 

As daglr, sl ue axtaeslmelstf m prmdugtmr, as ah aegfrkfdm m vlva ae ah sagtmr F, rafhlzfræ hf lespaggl÷e letaref f hms prmdugtmras dah sagtmr O y ah axtaeslmelstf m  prmdugtmr dah sagtmr sagtmr O, hm bfræ f hms prmdugtmras da dahh sagtmr G. Fh jlefh da hf lespaggl÷e, hms lespagtmras letarems daoae rafhlzfr uef rauel÷e da avfhufgl÷e gme hms prmdugtmras da gfdf gfsarém fslkefdm. • Mrkfelkrfif gme hms datfhhas da hms gmiltìs,  pmslglmeas y raspmesfolhldfdas raspmesfolhldfdas da

trfof`m.

• _aspmesfolhldfdas, gfhljlgfglmeas raquarldfs y gmipataeglfs da parsmefh, da

 parsmefs ahakldfs ahakldfs y gmiltìs. • ^rmgadlilaetms rakuhfdmras pfrf0  

-  Fprmofgl÷e da euavms ilaiorms dah krupm y astftus feufh da gfdf jlegf

ilaiorm. -  _aqulsltms da ifetaelilaetm da raklstrms pfrf ah krupm y hms ilaiorms dah

krupm. -  Lespagglmeas letarefs. -  Wfeglmeas y raghfims.

Hf Mrkfelzfgl÷e, daoa astfohagar ue gmiltì da gartljlgfgl÷e letaref m gmiltì da gmetrmh letarem qua avfhufræ hf lejmrifgl÷e prasaetfdf pmr hms lespagtmras y ailtlræ hms dlgtæiaeas m sfeglmeas gmrraspmedlaetas pmr leguiphlilaetms f hf emriftlvf y ae ofsa f hm astlpuhfdm ae ah rakhfiaetm letarem da hf Fsmglfgl÷e/Gmmparftlvf/Aiprasf/Mrkfelzfgl÷e. Tfetm hfs rauelmeas y dlsgusl÷e da rasuhtfdms r asuhtfdms ae hms sagtmras da ofsa, fsé gmim hf dlsgusl÷e da gfsms, fguardms y sfeglmeas tmifdfs pmr ah gmiltì gartljlgfdmr, daoae quadfr raklstrfdfs ae ue gufdarem da fgtfs m slilhfr, yf qua asta saræ ue dmguiaetm f avfhufr ae hf lespaggl÷e rafhlzfdf pmr hf aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf.  gartljlgfdmrf.   Fslilsim gfdf föm hms prmdugtmras sfeglmefdms daoae jlkurfr ae uef hlstf, ledlgæedmsa ah imtlvm y sfegl÷e lipuastf.

6:

 

LL.  DAWF__MHHM DAH TAIF ?.6 JM_IQHFGLME \ DAJLELGLME DAH ^_MOHAIF Hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée, em gmetfof gme ue WGL ld÷eam, qua kfrfetlga hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf el da sahhms smstaelohas, tfh as fsé qua em sa gmemgéf hf vaetf`f gmipatltlvf gme hf qua sa dasfrrmhhfof ae ah iargfdm. Fslilsim, hfs iatfs y mo`atlvms trfzfdms arfe iuy iadlftms, dasfrrmhhfedm sus fgtlvldfdas ae jmrif mparftlvf, dasgmemglaedm hfs mpmrtueldfdas qua ah iargfdm mjragéf pfrf dasfrrmhhfrsa, ae tfetm qua em as letakrfh ah gmemglilaetm dah sagtmr y da hf gmipataeglf, pmr ahhm efgl÷ hf eagasldfd da liphaiaetfr y jmrtfhagar ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem. Hf prmpuastf dah Trfof`m Imemkræjlgm tlaea pmr jlefhldfd orledfr barrfilaetfs tìgelgfs y da kastl÷e fphlgfohas ae ah dasfrrmhhm da hf Gmmparftlvf ae astudlm, pfrf bfgar guiphlr mo`atlvms y iatfs. Aetra hms oaeajlglms f motaear, gltfraims hms da raedlilaetm ae ue elvah prmdugtlvm agme÷ilgm, y kfrfetlzfr hf gartljlgfgl÷e smstaeloha ae ah tlaipm.

?.? IATMDMHMKLF DA HF LEZAWTLKFGLME Levastlkfgl÷e axparliaetfh, qua sa rafhlzfrme aaee ofsa f hfs tìgelgfs da0 6.  Mosarvfgl÷e0 utlhlzfedm lestruiaetms da kuéf da mosarvfgl÷e, hlstf da varljlgfgl÷e. Asgfhf da mosarvfgl÷e pfpah, hæplz, gæifrf jmtmkræjlgf, gæifrf da védam. ?.  _avlsl÷e dmguiaetfh0 Iftrlz da gftakmréfs. 7.  Aetravlstf0 Kuéf da aetravlstf, Guastlmefrlm. Wa dlsaö÷ ue guastlmefrlm ledlgfedm hf gmejldaeglfhldfd da hfs raspuastfs  prmpmrglmefdfs,  prmpmrglmefdf s, guym jle arf astfohagar ah parjlh da hms prmdugtmras y gmemgar sus  puetms dìolhas rahfglmefdms f hfs emrifs da gartljlgfgl÷e, sakðe jmriftm ‘Jlgbf Tìgelgf Da Hf Jlegf’ (Feaxm 6) .

6;

 

?.7 DAJLELGL×E DAH QELZA_WM Hf pmohfgl÷e sa dahliltf f hms prmdugtmras uolgfdms ae ah dlstrltm da Wfe Ifrtle da Fhfm, prmvleglf Ah Dmrfdm, _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle. Ah guastlmefrlm jua fphlgfdm f 727 prmdugtmras ilaiorms da hf Gmmparftlvf, hms rasuhtfdms sa datarilefrme pmr ah smjtwfra RHWTFT-Jmragfst y RHTFWT-AGMHMK\  of`m hms grltarlms da0 da0  Elvah dasafdm dasafdm da gmejlfezf da %

?.4 HQKF_ DAH T_FOF@M Hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, uolgfdm ae ah dlstrltm da Wfe Ifrtle da Fhfm, prmvleglf Ah Dmrfdm, _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, y ae hfs jlegfs da sus traglaetms mgbaetf y tras (727) prmdugtmras ilaiorms, dlstrlouldms da hf slkulaeta ifearf0

HMGFHLDFD

M_KÆELGM

GMEZA_WL×E

TMTFH

 Euavm ^fgflpfipf ^fgflpfipf

41

16

2

7:

Wfe Fedrìs

2

??

7>

Wfe _mqua Qel÷e ^rmkrasm

? >

> ?1

? ?1

Fhtm Imetarrlgm

>

6:

6:

Jhmr da Wahvf

>

6;

6;

Jhmr dah Emrta

>

61

61

^aofs

66

>

66

Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle (Imymofiof, ?>6:).

62

 

?.1 DLFKEMWTLGM LELGLFH Ah dlfke÷stlgm lelglfh pariltl÷ datarilefr ah elvah da guiphlilaetm da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle gme hfs emrifs da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf, pfrf ahhm sa gmet÷ gme hf gmhfomrfgl÷e da guftrm lespagtmras letarems gfpfgltfdms y aetraefdms (Ahlfs Gfrrarm, @ufe Hlzfef, Emrole Bufiæe y Elxme Iadlef).

?.1.6.  Lespaggl÷e Letaref f elvah dah WGL m  Aetravlstfs0 Wa rafhlz÷ fh parsmefh qua hfomrf ae hf Gmmparftlvf ae astudlm, y astæ vleguhfdm fh æraf da gartljlgfglmeas y fgmplm, aetra ahhms Gmesa`m Fdilelstrftlvm, Gmesa`m da Zlklhfeglf, Karaeta Kaearfh, _aspmesfoha da Fgmplm, _aspmesfoha da Gartljlgfglmeas, Fslstaeta Fdilelstrftlvm, Fslstaeta Gmetfoha.   _avlsl÷e da avldaeglfs dmguiaetfrlfs0 Wa prmgadl÷ f hf hagturf da hms

m

lejmrias da fudltmréfs letarefs y axtarefs, fefhlzæedmhms y sletatlzfedm dftms rahfglmefdms fh taif ae astudlm. Fdaiæs sa ravlsfrme hms raklstrms da gfpfgltfgl÷e orledfdfs orledfdfs bfstf hf jjagbf agbf y ah Mrkfelkrfif da hf Gmmparftlvf. m  Mosarvfgl÷e Da hfs lestfhfglmeas da fgmplm y fhifgaefilaetm ae su elvah da liphaiaetfgl÷e, y dmguiaetfgl÷e prasaetfdf pmr hms raspmesfohas dah Fdilelstrfdmr dah Krupm.

JlkurfdaE¾hf>?0 Mrkfelkrfif Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:). 6<

 

?.1.?.  Lespaggl÷e Letaref f elvah da hfs Qeldfdas ^rmdugtlvfs (Jlegfs) (Jlegfs) Wa rafhlz÷ ae gfdf uef da hfs Qeldfdas ^rmdugtlvfs da hms 727 ilaiorms da hf Gmmparftlvf ae astudlm, iadlfeta0   Mosarvfgl÷e ae gfipm0 Da  Da fgu fguaardm fh elvah da liphaiaetfgl÷e da hfs emrifs

m

da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha, ae hfs vlvlaedfs, vlvlaedfs, fhifgìe da gfjì  parkfilem, æraf da oaeajlglm bðia  parkfilem, bðiadm dm,, lestfhf lestfhfgglmeas da sagfd sagfdm, y hf jle jlegf gf ae kaearfh.   Aetr avlstfs Gmim lestruiaetm da ragmhaggl÷e ragmhaggl÷e sa aipha÷ ah jmriftm "Jlgb Jlgbff da

m

Les p  pagg aggll÷e Letaref" Letaref" (Feaxm ?) fdfptfdm dah jmriftm prmpuas prmpu astm tm pmr ah "Ifeufh da da ^rmgadlilaetms, Barrfilaetfs pfrf hf Gartljlgfgl÷e Iðhtlpha ae Krupms da ^rmdugtmras Gfjatfharms" (Wgbraloar y Imr f, ?>66 >66)) y hf "Ku "Kuéf éf pfr  pfr f dlsaöfr y dm dmggui uiaaet etfr fr ue Wlsta Wlstai if da Kas Kasttl÷ l÷ee Wmglf Wmglfhh y Fiolaetf Fiolaetfhh (_flejmrast Fhhlfega hhlfega,, ?>6> >6>). ). Ah A h jm jmri rifftm gu guaet etff gm gme gftmrga taifs f avfhufr. Gf Gfddf ét étai sa sa gfhlljl gfh jlg÷ g÷ da hf slkulaet slkulaetaa ifearf0 Wé gui ph  phaa (W), (W),  Em guiph uiphaa (E) y Em Fphlgf (EF).

?.1.7 ^rleglpfhas ^rmohaifs Aegmetrfdms0 _asuhtfdms da Dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh (Feaxm 7).  

Gfpfgltfgl÷e dajlglaeta. Dasgmemglilaetm Dasgmemg lilaetm da hfs emrifs da gartljlgfgl÷e y da hfs emrifs letarefs.

 

Astrugturf y jueglmeas pmgm ghfrfs ae ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem.  Ah raspmesfoha dah slstaif da gmetrmh letarem dasaipaöf vfrlfs jueglmeas0 gfpfgltf, df fslstaeglf tìgelgf, rafhlzfof lespagglmeas letarefs, fdaiæs da hfs jueglmeas mrkfelzftlvfs dah krupm, tmdm astm tlaea gmim gmesaguaeglf ah gfar ae gmejhlgtm da letarasas. Hms tìgelgms tfiolìe rafhlzfe lespagglmeas astm prmvmgf qua fh vlsltfr f hms  prmdugtmras astms gmejuedfe hf lespaggl÷e gme gme hf fslstaeglf tìgelgf. tìgelgf. Ah gmiltì da avfhufgl÷e astæ gmestltuldm pmr uef smhf parsmef.

 

Dmguiaetms dah Gmetrmh Letarem gme jfhtf da lejmrifgl÷e.  Hms lespagtmras bfe aegmetrfdm qua hfs slkulaetas dajlglaeglfs em astæe raklstrfdfs m em sa vae rajha`fdfs ae hms dmguiaetms da hms slstaifs da gmetrmh letarem0 ?>

 

  Hlstfs da prmdugtmras.- Em sa ledlgf hf jagbf da lekrasm da hms smglms, em



sa femtf hf suparjlgla tmtfh dah guhtlvm f gartljlgfr y da hms dljaraetas guhtlvms, gfiolfe hms g÷dlkms da hms smglms.   _aklstrm legmiphatm da hfs suparjlglas, em sa raklstrfe tmdfs hfs jlegfs



qua gmestltuyae hf ueldfd da prmduggl÷e. ^mr gmeslkulaeta tmdms hms  prmdugtmras dah krupm daoae raklstrfr ah tmtfh da sus jlegfs, astf lejmrifgl÷e daoa rajha`frsa ae hfs hlstfs da prmdugtmras, ae hfs jlgbfs da lespaggl÷e letaref y ae hms grmquls da hfs jlegfs.   _laskms da gmetfilefgl÷e pmr guhtlvms vaglems.- Ah gmetrmh letarem em



 pmea ftaegl÷e pfrf pfrf datagtfr m em rapmrtf hms rlaskms rlaskms da gmetfilefgl÷e gmetfilefgl÷e pmr guhtlvms vaglems. Gufedm sa mosarva qua bfy rlaskms da gmetfilefgl÷e sa daoae ledlgfr y fphlgfr leiadlftfiaeta hfs iadldfs gmrragtlvfs. Hms rlaskms

y iadldfs gmrragtlvfs daoae dmguiaetfrsa ae hf jlgbf da

lespaggl÷e letaref y ae hms grmquls da hfs jlegfs.   Bfy fhifgaefilaetm da prmdugtms mrkæelgms gme lesuims u mtrms



 prmdugtms ae ah ilsim fhifgìe, astm sa daoa dmguiaetfr ae hf jlgbf da gmetrmh letarem.    Em gmrraspmeda hf gfetldfd da prmdugtm qua sa fgmplf gme hf qua sa



 prmduga, astm daoa dmguiaetfrsa ae hfs hlstfs da prmdugtmras, ae hms gmiprmofetas y ae ah lejmria dah fgmplm, y ae hf jlgbf da lespaggl÷e letaref.    Em sa dmguiaetf hf tmtfhldfd da hfs vaetfs, sa aeguaetrfe qua smhm



axlstae jfgturfs m gmiprmofetas da vaetf pfrf hf axpmrtfgl÷e dah  prmdugtm mrkæelgm, y em sa bfgae gmiprmofetas da hfs vaetfs fh iargfdm hmgfh, raklmefh m efglmefh, hfs vaetfs dah prmdugtm ae trfeslgl÷e m dah  prmdugtm da gfhldfdas gfhldfdas lejarlmras eemm sa dmguiae dmguiaetf. tf.

?.: ^_M^QAWTF DA HF IA@M_F - LI^HAIAETFGL×E Da astf ifearf sa avfhu÷ ah krfdm da guiphlilaetm a liphaiaetfgl÷e da hfs jl jlegf egfss gme gme ras pag  pagttm f hfs emrif emrifss da pr mduggl÷ uggl÷ee mrk mrkææelgf. elgf.   Gme hms rasuhtfdms dah Dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh sa prmgadl÷ f ldaetljlgfr y avf vfhufr hufr hms hms rla rlask skms ms  pfrf ah  ah  Wl Wlsstaif da Gmetrmh Le Letarem da da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, ae tì tìri rilem lemss da guip iphl hlil ilaaetm da hfs  E  Emri mriffs da ^rmdu ^rmduggl÷e ggl÷e Mr kæelgf y Wmstaeloh taeloha, a, y ?6

 

datarilefedm hf data hfs fgglmeas eagasfrlfs pfrf hf iltlkfgl÷e da hms ilsims, ilsims , tfh gmim iuastr  iuas tr f hf Iftrlz Iftrlz da Ldaetljlgfgl÷e y Avfhufgl÷e da _laskms (Feaxm 4). _fekms y Zfhmras da ^rmofolhldfd da mgurraeglf ae hf Avfhufgl÷e da _laskms. _laskms. h f Av

% da Guiphlilaetm

^rmofolhldfd

Zfhmr

%5x56>>%

Iuy of`f

>

2>%5x5%

Of`f

6

1>%5x52>%

Iadlf

?

1>%5x

Fhtf

7

\ pfrf hf vfhmrfgl÷e da hf Gmesaguaeglf0

Gmedlgl÷e

Gmesaguaeg Gmesaguaeglf lf

2>% Guiphlilaetm y 6>>% guiphlilaetm da Grltarlms grétlgms 52>% Guiphlilaetm y/m leguiphlilaetm da ue grltarlm

Zfhmr

Iaemr

6

Ifymr

?

grétlgm Iadlfet Iftrlz sa p sa  pr  r mgadl mgadl÷ f ld l daetljlgfr y avfhufr avfhufr ah _ laskm0 laskm0 Fh Fhtm, Iadlms Iadlms y Of`ms Iadlfetaa hf If  pfrf ah astfoha tfohagl glil ilaaetm da iadldfs iadldfs  pr ava avaetlvfs y gmrr agtl agtlvvfs hfs gufha gufhass ju juaar me asttf oh as  ohagl aglddfs iadlfeta iadlfeta hh hhuuvl vlff da ldaf dafss pm  pmrr ah aq aquul pm  pm da le lespag spagttmr as as let letarems, arems, y ah p ah pars arsmmefh raspmesfoha dah ær  ær af af da ga gart rtlljl jlgfgl gfglmmea eass da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle. Wa liphaiaet÷ y fgtufhlz÷ ah ^rmkrfif da Gfpfgltfglmeas, gme hms dlvarsms taifs qua fofrgfe hf gartljlgfgl÷e, a`aiphm0 - Grlfezf da Felifhas Iaemras gmim juaeta j uaeta da Lekrasm Fdlglmefh. - ^rliarms Fuxlhlms. - Wfhud, Wakurldfd Mgupfglmefh. - Ifea`m Letakrfdm da ^hfkfs y Aejariadfdas. - _abfolhltfgl÷e y _aemvfgl÷e da Gfjatfhas. - Jartlhlzfgl÷e. - Emrifs da Gartljlgfgl÷e QTP, _FW, Mrkæelgm y Zlvlaedfs Wfhudfohas. ??

 

Wa liphaiaetfrme y fgtufhlzfrme dmguiaetms, pfrf ifetaear hms raklstrms da  prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf fgtufhlzfdms3 fdaiæs, sa rafhlzf gfpfgltfgl÷e ae ifea`m da hms ilsims, dlrlkldm f hms prmdugtmras. Astms raklstrms y dmguiaetms gmestfe oæslgfiaeta da hm slkulaeta0 

F. _aklstrms pfrf ^rmdugtmras ae ah ^rmkrfif Gfjìs Aspaglfhas   Jlgbf da Lejmrifgl÷e Oæslgf da hf Qeldfd ^rmdugtlvf (héeaf ofsa m da gmilaezm).



  Blstmrlfh da Gfipm.



  Gufdarem da _aklstrm dah ^rmdugtmr (oltægmrfs), qua gmestf da0



-  _asuiae da hfs emrifs da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf da gfjì. -  _aklstrm da Gmsagbf. -  _aklstrm da Zaetfs da Gfjì. -  _aklstrm da Hfomras da Gfipm. -  ^hfe da trfof`m Feufh ‗  Fkrme÷ilgm. -  _aklstrm da Gmiprf da Lesuims, Aqulpms y Barrfilaetfs. -  _aklstrm da Fphlgfgl÷e da Wustfeglfs pariltldfs. -  _aklstrm da Ifea`m da Gmipmst. -  _aklstrm da Fomefilaetm. -  _aklstrm da Ifea`m da Zlvarms y ^hfetfgl÷e.

O.  Dmguiaetms y _aklstrms pfrf Fdilsl÷e fh ^rmkrfif Gfjìs Aspaglfhas0 Hms raqulsltms pfrf lekrasfr f hf Gmmparftlvf y prmkrfif da gfjì mrkæelgm sme0     Wmhlgltud dlrlkldf fh ^rasldaeta da hf Gmmparftlvf, ledlgfedm su dasam da pfrtlglpfr



ae gfhldfd da fsmglfdm da hf mrkfelzfgl÷e y smiatlìedmsa f hm astlpuhfdm ae ah  prasaeta astftutm. astftutm.   Gmplf dah fgtf da fprmofgl÷e da legmrpmrfgl÷e ae gfhldfd da euavm smglm da hf



gmiueldfd gmrraspmedlaeta.   War prmplatfrlm m pmsaslmefrlm da ue pradlm fkrégmhf, dadlgfdm fh guhtlvm da gfjì.



   Em partaeagar partaeagar f mtrf Gmmparf Gmmparftlvf tlvf gme fgtlvldfda fgtlvldfdass slilhfras f hf mrkf mrkfelzfgl÷e. elzfgl÷e.



  Fphlgfr hms grltarlms tìgelgms ae slstaifs da prmduggl÷e y gmiarglfhlzfgl÷e,



fprmofdms pmr hf Gmmparftlvf.

?7

 

  Letakrfsa y pfrtlglpfr fgtlvfiaeta ae hfs fgtlvldfdas da gfdf uef da hfs



gmiueldfdas.   Fphlgfr hfs emrifs y prleglplms fprmofdms pmr hf Gmmparftlvf smora prmtaggl÷e dah



iadlm fiolaeta, raspmesfolhldfd smglfh, aquldfd da kìearm, gmesarvfgl÷e da hms ragursms efturfhas, ofsfdms ae hms grltarlms da hfs emrifs da gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha.   Jlrifr ah gmetrftm da gmiprmilsm gme hf Gmmparftlvf



  _aglolr lespaggl÷e letaref.



  ^frf qua ah euavm smglm motaekf ah stftus da mrkæelgm daoa pfsfr pmr ah parlmdm da



trfeslgl÷e da fguardm f hf emriftlvf0 7 föms da trfeslgl÷e).

G.  Dmguiaetms dah WGL   Jlgbf da Lespaggl÷e Letaref Feufh  ‗  fgtufhlzfoha  fgtufhlzfoha feufhiaeta.



   Emrifs da ^rmduggl÷e ^rmduggl÷e Mrkæelgf y Wmstaeloha. Wmstaeloha.  



Wmstaeloha.    _akhfiaetm Letarem da ^rmduggl÷e Mrkæelgf Wmstaeloha. 



  Hlstfdm kaearfh da prmdugtmras gartljlgfdms.



  Ifpf da hmgfhlzfgl÷e kamkræjlgf da hms sagtmras da ofsa da hf Gmmparftlvf y jlegfs da



gfdf smglm.  

Dftms smora hf mrkfelzfgl÷e da prmdugtmras (Astftutms).

 

Gmplf da hms slkulaetas dmguiaetms da gfdf uem da hms smglms0   Jlgbf da Lejmrifgl÷e Oæslgf da hf Qeldfd Jfilhlfr

m

  Jlgbf da dftms

m

  Gmetrftm da gmiprmilsm da ^rmduggl÷e Mrkæelgf.

m

  Blstmrlfh da gfipm

m

  Grmquls da hf Qeldfd ^rmdugtlvf, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

m

?4

 

Jlkurf E¾ >70 Grmquls da Qeldfd ^rmdugtlvf Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Krakmrlm ^aöf Jhmras (Euavm ^fgflpfipf, ?>6:).

?.; ^_MGAWM DA FQDLTM_LF ?.;.6 _AQELME DA F^A_TQ_F Ae hf _auel÷e da Fparturf, ah Fudltmr Hédar prasaet÷ ah aqulpm da fudltmréf (ae asta gfsm jmrifdm pmr ? fudltmras), axphlg÷ hms mo`atlvms, ah fhgfega dah prmgasm, ledlg÷ hfs varslmeas da hfs emrifs qua sa vfe f fphlgfr, fdaiæs da astfohagar hf iuastrf da prmdugtmras y trfof`fdmras f aetravlstfr, sa datarile÷ ah grmemkrfif da trfof`m, sa rftljlg÷ ah tlaipm qua sa dadlgf f fudltfr gfdf æraf ae aspagéjlgm, y smhlglt÷ ah parilsm pfrf tmifr t mifr jmtmkrfjéfs gmim avldaeglf.

?.;.? _AZLWLME DMGQIAETF_LF DAH WLWTAI WLWTAIF F DA GMET_MH LETA_EM LETA_EM  Daspuìs da hf _auel÷e da Fparturf, sa avfhðm ah jueglmefilaetm dah WGL da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, iadlfeta aetravlstf fh parsmefh raspmesfoha y iadlfeta hf ravlsl÷e da hms slkulaetas dmguiaetms dmguiaetms00

?1

 

  Ifpf raklmefh, ae ah gufh sa rasfhtf hf uolgfgl÷e da tmdfs hfs jlegfs m ae su



dajagtm, da hfs zmefs da prmduggl÷e, tfiolìe sa ldaetljlgf hf uolgfgl÷e da hms Gaetrms da Fgmplm partaeaglaetas f hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle.   Hlstf da prmdugtmras, leghuyaedm hms dftms gmiphatms da hms ilaiorms dah



krupm (emioras, g÷dlkms, dlraggl÷e, suparjlgla, jagbf da hf prliarf y ðhtlif lespaggl÷e letaref, jagbf da gmetrftm, astftus, atg.).   _akhfiaetm



Letarem

da

^rmduggl÷e

Mrkæelgf  ‗   Wmstaeloha

y

Gmiarglfhlzfgl÷e da Gfjìs Aspaglfhas3 tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf, ah gufh gufh gmetlaea uuee gftæhmkm da sfeg sfeglmeas lmeas pfrf hfs dljaraetas emgmejmrildfdas. gmejmrildfda s. Fdaiæs, sa leghuya0 l. 

Qef orava dasgrlpgl÷e da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle y su astrugturf.

ll. 

Qef dasgrlpgl÷e dah ifea`m mrkæelgm dah Gfjì, leghuyaedm puetms

lll. 

 pmtaeglfhiaeta grétlgms y su ifea ifea`m. `m. Qef orava dasgrlpgl÷e da raspmesfolhldf raspmesfolhldfdas das y tfrafs.

lv. 

Qef orava dasgrlpgl÷e da hms pfsms pmr hms gufhas ah prmdugtm  pfsf, dasda d asda hf h f jlegf bfstf hf vaetf jlefh, leghuyaedm hfs iadldfs tmifdfs ae gfdf elvah, pfrf fsakurfr hf trfzfolhldfd y avltfr hf iazghf gme gme prmdugtms em mrkæelgm mrkæelgms. s.

Jlkurf E¾ >40 _akhfiaetm Letarem Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:). ?:

 

  Gmetrftms dlspmelohas dah 6>>% da hms prmdugtmras y hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf



da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle.   Lejmrias dlspmelohas da hfs lespagglmeas letarefs dah 6>>% da hms



 prmdugtmras qua jmrife pfrta dah prmgasm da gartljlgfgl÷e. (Wa lespagglmefrme ue tmtfh da 727 fsmglfdms pfrf ah prmkrfif Mrkæelgm, G.F.J.A ^rfgtlgas, _flejmrast Fhhlfega, QTP, quadfedm fprmofdms hms 727 smglms pfrf hms prmkrfifs da gartljlgfgl÷e Mrkæelgm, ?10 Gæhguhm dah Jfgtmr da _laskm. Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

Ae asta gfsm, sa lespagglme÷ f 76 da ue tmtfh da 727 prmdugtmras. Ah eðiarm da  prmdugtmras f lespagglmefr pmr déf ae ah guhtlvm da gfjì as da 7-4 jlegfs, dapaedlaedm da hf tmpmkrfjéf da hf zmef, véfs da fggasm, gmedlglmeas ghliftmh÷klgfs, uolgfgl÷e da hfs jlegfs, ìpmgf dah föm, aetra mtrfs vfrlfohas. v frlfohas. ?2

 

?.;.7 LEW^AGGLME F ELZAH DA GFI^M FH WGL  Wa lespagglme÷ tmdfs hfs jlegfs sahagglmefdfs, ah trfof`m da hf aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf em gmeslsta ae asgrlolr su prmplm lejmria da lespaggl÷e smora gfdf jlegf3 slem ae avfhufr, sl ah lejmria letarem da hf jlegf astæ gmiphatm, gmrragtm y ae kaearfh da ouaef gfhldfd. Mtrm fspagtm as hf avfhufgl÷e dah trfof`m da hms lespagtmras letarems, pmr hm tfetm, fh vlsltfr uef jlegf, sa ravls÷, sl ah lespagtmr letarem datagt÷ em-gmejmrildfdas, sl sa dlm sakulilaetm f hf liphaiaetfgl÷e da fgglmeas gmrragtlvfs fetarlmras, sl ah lejmria hhavf jagbf y astæ jlrifdm pmr ah lespagtmr letarem y ah prmdugtmr. Ae gfdf jlegf, sa ravls÷ hms h ms slkulaetas puetms0

F. Wailhhfs m ^hæetuhfs - 274/?>>; Frt. 6?(6)(l) y 22>2 Frt. 41  Hms prmdugtmras lespagglmefdms astfohagae sus prmplms fhiæglkms ae gfipm, sle hf utlhlzfgl÷e da daslejagtfetas quéilgms, ae gfsm da gmiprfr da targarms, sa fsakurfe qua ah iftarlfh vakatfh em bfyf sldm trftfdm gme prmdugtms prmbloldms, gfsm gmetrfrlm hf jlegf pardaréf su astftus mrkæelgm, astm fphlgf tfiolìe pfrf ah usm da mtrfs sailhhfs trftfdfs ae guhtlvms fsmglfdms gme ah gfjì f gartljlgfr.

O. Jartlhlzfetas utlhlzfdms, ifea`m da hf jartlhldfd dah suahm, usm da hakuilemsfs y gmetrmh da armsl÷e. - 22>2 Feaxm L  Wa avldaeglm qua hms prmdugtmras lespagglmefdms ifetlaeae hf jartlhldfd dah suahm, yf qua sa guaetf gme gmhgb÷e mrkæelgm da bm`frfsgf y tlaeae prasaeglf da aspaglas hakuilemsfs gmim  Lekf spp., Arytbrlef spp., Khlrlgldlf saplui ae hms aspfglms aetra blharfs, dmeda saf pmsloha. Hf _mgf Jmsj÷rlgf, Wuhjftm da ^mtfslm, y ahaiaetms iaemras sme usfdms, ðelgfiaeta ae gfsm da qua feæhlsls da suahm u bm`f daiuastrae dajlglaeglfs dah raspagtlvm eutrlaeta,  pfrf astm hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, bf rafhlzfdm rafhlzfdm feæhlsls da suahm ae hfs dlvarsfs zmefs da prmduggl÷e, pfrf gmemgar ah astfdm eutrlglmefh dah suahm. Hms tìgelgms gmemgae qua hf jartlhlzfgl÷e mrkæelgf a lemrkæelgf em daoa da axgadar hms raquarlilaetms dah guhtlvm y hf Gfh (GfGM7) puada y daoaréf sar usfdf, gufedm saf eagasfrlm (Feaxm 1). Iéelifiaeta fue, hms prmdugtmras bfe aipazfdm f ahfomrfr su prmplm olmh, gme hms rasldums da hfs fkufs dah oaeajlglm bðiadm dah gfjì, gme hf jlefhldfd da rautlhlzfrhm ae hf  phfetfgl÷e da gfjì, gfjì, tfh gmim sa i iuastrf uastrf ae hf slkulaeta slkulaeta jlkurf0 ?<

 

Jlkurf E¾ >:0 Liphaiaetfgl÷e da tfequas pfrf hf ahfomrfgl÷e da olmh gme rasldums dah fkuf dah  oaeajlglm bðiadm. Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Efzfrlm Gfyfm _fiéraz (Wfe Fedrìs, ?>6:).

G ^rmtaggl÷e jltmsfeltfrlf - 22 22>2 >2 Feaxm LL  Hms barolgldfs, lesagtlgldfs y jueklgldfs sletìtlgms em sa pariltae, ah gufh sa aeguaetrf astfohagldm ae ah _akhfiaetm Letarem da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle. Wa avldaegl÷ qua sa pravlaeae hfs phfkfs y aejariadfdas, utlhlzfedm aspaglas y vfrladfdas raslstaetas, a`aiphm0 gfiolfedm da hf vfrladfd susgaptloha Gfturrf f hf vfrladfd tmharfeta Gftlimra pfrf ah gmetrmh da hf _myf dah gfjatm ( Bailhalf vfstftrlx)  y  prmimvlaedm hf prasaeglf prasaeglf da hms aeailkms aeailkms efturfha efturfhass (Feaxm 1). Wmhm daspuìs da bfoar tmifdm astfs iadldfs pravaetlvfs, sa parilta ah usm da lesuims axtarems, slaipra y gufedm guaetae gme gartljlgfdm da gmipftlolhldfd gme hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf, pariltldm pfrf ah iargfdm aurmpam. Hfs ifhazfs sme gmetrmhfdfs da jmrif iagæelgf, gme ah usm da ifgbata y/m imtmkufdföf3 sle aiofrkm, sa avldaeglm qua ue prmdugtmr da hms lespagglmefdms,  prasaetfof fhifgaefilaetm y usm da lesuims em pariltldms ae hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

7>

 

Jlkurf E¾ >;0 Fhifgaefilaetm da lesuims em pariltldms ae hf h f prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf. Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Krlifhdm \fgsfbufekf Eayrf (Wfe ^adrm, ?>6:).

D. Pmefs da fimrtlkufilaetm Wa axlka zmefs da fimrtlkufilaetm aetra tarraems mrkæelgms y gmevaeglmefhas, sa tmife iadldfs pravaetlvfs pfrf raduglr ah rlaskm da gmetfilefgl÷e dah prmdugtm gartljlgfdm, slaipra y gufedm axlstf ue rlaskm da darlvf da phfkulgldfs3 sle aiofrkm, sa avldaeglm qua ue prmdugtmr da hms lespagglmefdms, prasaetfof rlaskm da gmetfilefgl÷e hftarfh, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

Jlkurf E¾ >20 _laskm da gmetfilefgl÷e hftarfh, pmr hf prasaeglf da gfjì y plöf gmevaeglmefh. Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Fetarm G÷rdmvf Hmpaz (Euavm ^fgflpfipf, ?>6:).

A.  ^rmdugg ^rmduggl÷e l÷e ^frfhahf - 22>2 Frt. 4>  Wa prmbéoa qua hf jlegf mrkæelgf taekf ah ilsim guhtlvm ae dljaraetas slstaifs da  prmduggl÷e (mrkæelgm y gmevaeglmefh f hf vaz), yf qua ah rlaskm da iazghf as iuy fhtm3 astm em sa prasaet÷ ae ah gfsm da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle3 parm ae gfsm da qua sa prasaeta pmr sar ue guhtlvm paraeea, ah WGL tlaea qua prasaetfr ue phfe da ifea`m mrkæelgm f hf fkaeglf gartljlgfdmrf3 ae ah gufh sa astfohazgf qua hf prmduggl÷e gmevaeglmefh pfsfrf pmr uef gmevarsl÷e pfrf sar mrkæelgm, ae ue phfzm em ifymr da 1 föms, asta phfe saræ varljlgfdm feufhiaeta pmr hf fkaeglf gartljlgfdmrf. 76

 

Wa daoae frgblvfr hfs jfgturfs da hf gmiprf da jartlhlzfetas, phfkulgldfs, sailhhfs, atg., fsé gmim tfiolìe da hfs gfetldfdas gmsagbfdfs, sa eagasltf ue slstaif slipha da gmetfolhldfd da hf vaetf da prmdugtms mrkæelgms y gmevaeglmefhas, pfrf fsakurfr qua em axlsta iazghf.

J. ^arémdm da Gmevarsl÷e - 274/?>>; Frt. 6; y 22>2 Frt. 7:-72   Ae hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, tmdfs hfs jlegfs gmevaeglmefhas tlaeae qua pfsfr pmr ue tlaipm da gmevarsl÷e, fetas da pmdar vaedar sus prmdugtms gmim mrkæelgms. Durfeta asta tlaipm, sa tlaeae qua raspatfr tmdfs hfs rakhfs da hf  prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf0 Tras föms bfstf hf gmsagbf, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0 ^A_ÉMDM DA GMEZA_WL×E DA GFJÌ GMEZAEGLMEFH F M_KÆELGM Gmsagbf mrkæelgf 

Guhtlvm paraeea ae trfeslgl÷e Wmhlgltud da gartljlgfgl÷e Trfeslgl÷e 6 6ar föm

Trfeslgl÷e ? ?dm föm

Trfeslgl÷e 7 7ar föm

Guhtlvm4tm Mrkæelgm föm

Jlkurf E¾ >6:).

Fsé ilsim, astæ prmbloldm hf dastruggl÷e da omsquas prlifrlms, ae ah _akhfiaetm Letarem sa tlaea astfohagldm qua sa aeguaetrf prmbloldm hf tfhf da æromhas gme jleas da axpfedlr hf jrmetarf fkrégmhf, sa prmbéoa hf quaif da rasldums, tmdms hms prmdugtmras sa aeguaetrfe gfpfgltfdms y fdaiæs sa bfe astfohagldm hatrarms da fdvartaeglf, pfrf avltfr astfs ifhfs prægtlgfs, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

Jlkurf E¾ 6>0 _mzm y Vuaif da Omsquas Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Gmevaeglmefh ledapaedlaeta. (Wfe Fedrìs, ?>6:).

7?

 

K. Dmguiaetfgl÷e ae hf Jlegf (dlfrlm da prmduggl÷e, jfgturfs pfrf hf gmiprf da lesuims, gmetfolhldfd da vaetfs). Fetas da rafhlzfrsa hf lespaggl÷e, ah WGL astfohaga ue ^hfe da Ifea`m Mrkæelgm f hf fkaeglf gartljlgfdmrf3 asta phfe tlaea qua sar fgtufhlzfdm feufhiaeta. Tmdms hms prmdugtmras qua jmrife pfrta da hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle, guaetfe gme ue dlfrlm da prmduggl÷e, ae ah gufh sa raklstrfe hfs prleglpfhas fgtlvldfdas da hf Jlegf, sa dmguiaetfe hfs gfetldfdas gmsagbfdfs dah guhtlvm. Tmdfs hfs jlegfs, eagasltfe gmim iéelim, ue slstaif slipha da gmetfolhldfd da hf vaetf da  prmdugtms mrkæelgms. Fdaiæs, sa guaetfe gme hatrarms da lestruggl÷e da hfs Ouaefs ^rægtlgfs Fkrégmhfs ae hfs Jlegfs da Gfjì, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

Jlkurf E¾ 660 Hatrarm da Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs. Ag mslstaifs. Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr _mkarlm Pfimrf Ifhgf. (Wfe Fedrìs, ?>6:).

B. Lejrfastrugturf Lejrfastrugturf Tmdfs hfs lestfhfglmeas lespagglmefdfs sme sakurfs, sa ilelilzf ah rlaskm pmr fggldaetas. Hfs vlvlaedfs da gfipm sme blklìelgfs y em sa parilta ah fhifgaefilaetm da lesuims, aqulpms el sustfeglfs pahlkrmsfs ae hfs bfoltfglmeas da hms trfof`fdmras y/m ilaiorms da hf jfilhlf dah prmdugtmr. Hfs gmglefs, guaetfe gme uef fdagufdf vaetlhfgl÷e y/m gme gmglefs ia`mrfdfs3 sle aiofrkm, sa avldaeglm qua ue prmdugtmr da hms lespagglmefdms, fhifgaefof su imgblhf da fphlgfgl÷e ae su bfoltfgl÷e, `uetm f su rmpf da usm dlfrlm, tfh gmim sa iuastrf ae hf slkulaeta jlkurf0

Jlkurf E¾ 6?0 Fhifgaefilaetm lefdagufdm da Aqulpm da Fphlgfgl÷e. Juaeta0 Fkrlguhtmr Krlifhdm \fgsfbufekf Eayrf (Wfe ^adrm, ?>6:). 77

 

?.;.4 _AQELME DA GLA__A Astf rauel÷e, tuvm gmim mo`atlvm lejmrifr f hms ilaiorms y raprasaetfetas dah WGL fgargf da hms bfhhfzkms y gmeghuslmeas prahlilefras motaeldms durfeta ah  prmgasm da fudltmréf. fudltmréf. Wa dlm gmejmrildfd f hf ifymréf da hms puetms avfhufdms, kfrfetlzæedmsa ue fdagufdm guiphlilaetm, jlefhiaeta sa dmguiaetfrme em gmejmrildfdas aegmetrfdfs gmim pfrta da hf ia`mrf gmetleuf y phfetafdf ae hf rauel÷e jlefh, ah fgtf da Glarra as jlrifdf pmr ah raprasaetfeta dah WGL y ah Aqulpm Fudltmr. Hf Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée motuvm hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf.

Jlkurf E¾ 670 ^frta dah krupm da prmdugtmras lespagglmefdms pmr ah Mrkfelsim da Gartljlgfgl÷e. Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtle (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

74

 

?.;.1 AWVQAIF DA HMW ^FWMW ^F_F MOTAEA_ HF GA_TLJLGFGL×E M_KÆELGF ^M_ ^F_TA DA HF GMM^A_FTLZF FK_F_ FK_F_LF LF DA HF _AKL×E WFE IF_TLE

Zlsltf ‗ Zlsltf  ‗ Dlfke÷stlgm  Dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh - 

Dataggl÷e da prmohaifs, dajlglaeglfs.

^rmpuastf da hf Ia`mrf ‗ Ia`mrf ‗  Liphaiaetfgl÷e.  - 

Gfpfgltfglmeas.

- 

Liphaiaetfgl÷e da raklstrms (WGL).

- 

Liphaiaetfgl÷e da raklstrms (Jlegfs).

- 

Fdagufilaetm da hf Lejrfastrugturf a Lestfhfglmeas.

- 

Fslstaeglf Tìgelgf.

-  - 

Lespagglmeas Letarefs. Havfetfilaetm da Mosarvfglmeas.

^rmgasm da Fudltmrlf ‗ Fudltmrlf ‗ Mrkfelsim  Mrkfelsim da Gartljlgfgl÷e. -  - 

_auel÷e da Fparturf _avlsl÷e dmguiaetfrlf dah WGL.

- 

Lespaggl÷e f elvah da gfipm

- 

_auel÷e da Glarra.

Havfetfilaetm da Em Gmejmrildfdas - 

Aevém da Avldaeglf sftlsjfgtmrlf da Fgglmeas Gmrragtlvfs.

Motaegl÷e dah Gartljlgfdm Mrkæelgm. 

71

 

GMEGHQWLMEAW 6.  Wa motuvm hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf y da dlvarsfs emrifs smstaelohas, daoldm f uef fdagufdf liphaiaetfgl÷e y jmrtfhaglilaetm dah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem, hmkrfedm da astf ifearf gmiarglfhlzfr ah gfjì f dljaraetas iargfdms gme dlstletms sahhms. ?.  As lipmrtfeta gmetfr tmdms hms föms gme hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf, taelaedm ue Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem parifeaeta, astm daoldm f qua ae hms föms ae qua bfy of`f prmduggl÷e da gfjì, daoldm f jae÷iaems ghliftmh÷klgms m prasaeglf da phfkfs y/m aejariadfdas, ah ifrkae dljaraeglfh raspagtm fh gfjì gmevaeglmefh bf hhakfdm bfstf ah ?1%, hm gufh parilta motaear ia`mras lekrasms f hf Gmmparftlvf3 sle aiofrkm, gufedm bfy ìpmgfs da fhtf prmduggl÷e da gfjì, slkua axlstlaedm ue phus, parm asta puada of`fr bfstf ah ;% raspagtm fh praglm dah gfjì gmevaeglmefh ledlgfdm ae omhsf, parm slaipra ah praglm dah gfjì mrkæelgm as suparlmr fh praglm dah gfjì gmevaeglmef gmevaeglmefh.h. 7.  Hms lespagtmras letarems, sl olae puadae sar hms ilsims tìgelgms da gfipm, daoae da sfoar dljaraeglfr sus fgtlvldfdas fh imiaetm qua rafhlzfe hf lespaggl÷e letaref, yf qua ae mgfslmeas rafhlzfe ragmiaedfglmeas gme hm gufh sa legurra ae ah gmejhlgtm da letarìs. Fdaiæs, hms lespagtmras letarems raqularae uef gmetleuf jmrifgl÷e ae tìgelgfs da fudltmrlf y ae ah ifea`m dah guhtlvm, astm gme hf jlefhldfd da taear ue Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem ledapaedlaeta. 4.  Wl olae sa rafhlzfe fgtlvldfdas da jmrifgl÷e f hms prmdugtmras, ah prleglplm da tmdf gartljlgfgl÷e as hf gmejlfezf y hf bmeastldfd, parm fue fsé axlsta uef iéelif gfetldfd da prmdugtmras qua utlhlzfe lesuims em pariltldms sle lejmrifr fh Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem, astm puada rapargutlr ae prmohaifs f tmdf hf Gmmparftlvf, sl hf prasaeglf da rasldums quéilgms as datagtfdm ae ah iargfdm aurmpam. 1.  Mtrm rlaskm fhtm, sme hfs pmslohas iazghfs da gfjì, astm gufedm ue prmdugtmr guaetf gme prmduggl÷e pfrfhahf, m olae gufedm gmhledf gme guhtlvms gmevaeglmefhas y bf utlhlzfdm su prmplm guhtlvm da gfjì gmim ofrrarf da fimrtlkufilaetm, ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem mohlkftmrlfiaeta eagasltf ldaetljlgfr astms gfsms, pfrf rafhlzfr ue sakulilaetm axbfustlvm da hfs gfetldfdas prmdugldfs ae astfs gmedlglmeas, y taear hf gartazf qua asta  prmdugtm em sa vf f gmiarg gmiarglfhlzfr lfhlzfr gmim prmdu prmdugtm gtm mrkæelgm. 7:

 

:.  As lipmrtfeta qua ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem taekf lejmrifgl÷e fgtufhlzfdf da hms prmdugtmras qua jmrife pfrta da hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf,  pfrf kfrfetlzfr qua hfs gfetldfdas aetrakfdfs sa aeguaetrae daetrm da hm astlifdm, ilelilzfedm ah rlaskm da iazghf y astm tfiolìe parilta gmetrmhfr fuiaetms rapaetlems dah æraf da prmduggl÷e, yf qua ae fhkuem gfsms astf axpfesl÷e dah guhtlvm as ae dasiadrm da hms omquas prlifrlms/sagu prlifrlms/saguedfrlms. edfrlms. ;.  Hf prmduggl÷e gartljlgfdf dah gfjì mrkæelgm, as da letarìs smglfh, daoldm f qua as hf ofsa dah lekrasm agme÷ilgm prleglpfh pfrf hms prmdugtmras qua jmrife  pfrta da hf Gmmparftlvf, gme ah gufh smstlaeae f sus jfilhlfs (aspmsfs a bl`ms). Hms bl`ms da hms prmdugtmras ae adfd asgmhfr fslstae f hfs asguahfs gargfefs f sus gfsaréms, tfiolìe sa guaetf gme gaetrms da sfhud pfrf ah gfsm da aiarkaeglfs. Gfoa rasfhtfr qua hms mtrms sahhms da gartljlgfgl÷e (_flejmrast Fhhlfega, QTP), astfohagae qua sa daoa prmpmrglmefr jfglhldfdas pfrf qua hms elöms astudlae y sa guaeta gme astfohaglilaetms da prliarms fuxlhlms, y asta guiphlilaetm as varljlgfdm pmr ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem. 2.  Wl olae, as lipmrtfeta pfrf euastrm astudlm hf gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf dah gfjì, ah ðhtlim föm, hms gmiprfdmras da Aurmpf bfe smhlgltfdm tfiolìe hf gartljlgfgl÷e dah gfjì gme ah sahhm _flejmrast Fhhlfega. Taelaedm astfohagldm ue fdagufdm Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem kfrfetlzfedm ah guiphlilaetm da hms raqulsltms mrkæelgms, hf motaegl÷e da asta sahhm fdlglmefh bf sldm iuy ræpldm. Astf gmiolefgl÷e da sahhms bf pariltldm f hf Gmmparftlvf gmiarglfhlzfr hf ifymr pfrta su prmduggl÷e. pr mduggl÷e. . Qef da hfs prleglpfhas dasvaetf`fs qua sa bfe aegmetrfdm, as hf of`f tfsf da fhjfoatlzfgl÷e (71%), hm gufh raqulara ue sakulilaetm iæs gmetleum da pfrta da hms tìgelgms da gfipm dah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem pfrf orledfr gfpfgltfglmeas parsmefhlzfdfs, y aesaöfr da ifearf iæs datfhhfdf ah hhaefdm da raklstrms, as pmr asta imtlvm qua sa raqulara qua hms tìgelgms da gfipm taekfe jmrifgl÷e ae axtaesl÷e fkrégmhf.

7;

 

_AGMIAEDFGLMEAW 6.  As lipmrtfeta qua ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem asta fgtlvm tmdm ah föm, sl sa da`f da dfr sakulilaetm f hms prmdugtmras, puadae hhakfr fsasmras tìgelgms vaedadmras da fkrmquéilgms, qua pmr ah fjæe da gmiarglfhlzfr hms lesuims, gmevaegae gmevaega f hhms ms prmdugtmras usfr dlgbms lesuims l esuims y hfiaetfohaiaeta sa  plarda ahe astftus da jlegf pfrf mrkæelgf, taelaedm qua asparfrsa 7 föms da gmevarsl÷e pfrf pmstarlmriaeta vmhvar f gmiarglfhlzfr gmim prmdugtm mrkæelgm. ?.  Hms dlragtlvms, parsmefh raspmesfoha da hf Gmmparftlvf, daoa da prmpmrglmefr jfglhldfdas, pfrf ah ia`mrfilaetm gmetleum dah parsmefh qua jmrif pfrta dah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem, astm daoldm f qua hfs emrifs da gartljlgfgl÷e astæe ae gmetleum gfiolm, y sa gmrra ah rlaskm da quadfr dasjfsfdms, gmim yf bf mgurrldm astm ae mtrfs mrkfelzfglmeas hm gufh mgfslmem qua plardfe hfs gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf y da sahhms smstaelohas. 7.  F hms prmdugtmras qua sa has datagtf utlhlzfgl÷e da lesuims em pariltldms, m rafhlzfe iazghf da gfjì mrkæelgm prmplm gme gfjì da targarms, sa ha sfeglmef gme 7 föms da gmevarsl÷e, y sa has daoa da ifetaear ae hf Gmmparftlvf, pfrf avltfr qua vfyf f mtrf mrkfelzfgl÷e y gmiarglfhlga ah prmdugtm gmim mrkæelgm. 4.  Jldahlzfr f hms prmdugtmras gme hf Gmmparftlvf, pfrf qua em astìe ilkrfedm da ue prmyagtm f mtrm, ae oðsquadf da ia`mras praglms, pmr asta imtlvm qua hf fslstaeglf tìgelgf prmpmrglmefdf pmr ah Wlstaif da Gmetrmh Letarem daoa da sar mpmrtuef y hms praglms daoae da raspatfr hm astfohagldm ae ah iargfdm. Fdaiæs da gmeglaetlzfr hms ahprmdugtmras, qua pfrf hfs prægtlgfs mrkæelgfs sa quadaoa rafhlzfe, as prmvagbmsmf pfrf iadlm fiolaeta, su sfhud y ah da su jfilhlf. 1.  Fuiaetfr hf taedaeglf da hf pmohfgl÷e hmgfh ae ah gmesuim da gfjì mrkæelgm, yf qua ah gmesuim par gæpltf da gfjì f elvah efglmefh as da >.:1 Ck/föm. :.  Wl olae ae hf Gmmparftlvf, smhm ah 6>% dah tmtfh da smglms sme iu`aras, pmdréf fuiaetfrsa hf taedaeglf dah parsmefh jaiaelem, pfrf da astf ifearf taear ue  prmdugtm dljaraeglfdm y qua taekf ah gfrægtar da gfjì da iu`aras, gme hm gufh sa astfréf prmimvlaedm hf lkufhdfd da kìearm y kaearfréf ue phus ae hf mpmrtueldfd da dasfrrmhhm da hfs iu`aras da hf h f zmef. 72

 

_AJA_AEGLFW OLOHLMK_FJLGFW  

GF_AJ, W. (?>6?). Zldf Mrkæelgf0 Gfilem fh Juturm. Gmhmiolf. 667. ^arð.

 

VQLW^A, @. (?>>;). Gfrfgtarlzfgl÷e dah lipfgtm fiolaetfh y  prmdugtlvm da hfs dljaraetas emrifs da gartljlgfgl÷e da gfjì ae Gmstf _lgf.

 

_FLEJM_AWT FHHLFEGA. (?>6;). Kuéf pfrf dlsaöfr y dmguiaetfr ue slstaif da kastl÷e smglfh y fiolaetfh. _flejmrast Fhhlfega Gartljlad. 7<

 

 

_FIÉ_AP, G. y WÆEGBAP I. (?>>:). Tasls0 Liphaiaetfgl÷e dah Wlstaif da Kastl÷e da Gfhldfd, ae ofsa f hf Emrif LWM >60?>>>.

 

WGB_ALOA_, J. y GMWTLHHF G. (?>66). Barrfilaetfs pfrf hf gartljlgfgl÷e Iðhtlpha ae krupm da prmdugtmras gfjatfharms. ^arð.

 

WLEGM, A. (?>64). Kuéf pfrf ue slstaif letarem da kastl÷e ae iuhtlgartljlgfglmeas. ^rmyagtm Imdahm da Dasfrrmhhm Wmstaeloha dah Gfjì ^arufem.6-14.

 

WMTM, K. (?>67). Iaimrlf dah tfhhar, Fkrlguhturf Mrkæelgf0 uef barrfilaetf pfrf ah das dasfrrmhhm frrmhhm rurfh rurfh smstaeloha smstaeloha y hf raduggl÷e raduggl÷e da hf  pmorazf. Gmstf Gmstf _lgf. 6-666.

 

QKFP, H. (?>6?). Tasls0 ^rmpuastf da dlsaöm a liphaiaetfgl÷e da ue slstaif da kastl÷e da gfhldfd ofsfdm ae hf emrif LWM >60?>>2 fphlgfdm f uef aiprasf da jforlgfgl÷e da ha`éfs.

 

ZÆWVQAP, [. (?>61). Ifeufh da slstaif da gmetrmh letarem pfrf hf

gartljlgfgl÷e da prmdugtm mrkæelgm ae ah ^arð.6-21.   [\WW, O3 ZA_F, _3 OQWTFIFETA, J. y IFGBF_ÉF, C. QTP GA_TLJLAD KMMD LEWLDA. (?>>;). Astfohaglaedm ue Wlstaif Letarem da Gmetrmh. Bmhfedf.  

JF_JÆE, J.(?>>;). Gfjìs Aspaglfhas. Ae Frglhf, @., at fh Ads. Wlstaifs da prmduggl÷e y fdilelstrfgl÷e da gfjatfhas. GAELGFJA. Gmhmiolf. Gfpétuhm 6>.

 

OF__AEAGBAF, G. (6>4). Ofsas ^mtaeglfhas0 Da hf Gbfgrf Gfjatfharf Dlvarsljlgfdf y Filkfoha gme ah Iadlm Fiolaeta. FDAR.^arð.

 

GAELGFJA. 266.>6.?>>

 

 

KQBF_F\,J3 IMETA__A\,@3 IMETA__MWM, D3 WTFZA_ G. (?>>>).Ifea`m Letakrfdm da ^hfkfs ae ah Guhtlvm da Gfjì. Ifeufh tìgelgm # 44.GFTLA.Ifef 44.GFTLA.Ifefkuf.Elgfrfkuf kuf.Elgfrfkuf..

 

BFEDHA\, W.(?>>>>1). Emtljlgftlme E¾6:>1 mj tba Ilelstry mj Fkrlguhtura, Jmrastry fed Jlsbarlas. 7> pp.

 

@QETF EFGLMEFH DAH GFJÌ (@EG). (?>>2). Astfdéstlgfs da axpmrtfglmeas dah gfjì parufem. Hlif. ^arð.

 

HA×E, @. (6>7). Gfjìs

aspaglfhas Hlif. ^arð.  

WILTBWMELFE ILK_FTM_\ OL_D GAETA_. (?>>2). Emrifs  pfrf hf ^rmduggl÷e, ah ^rmgasfilaetm y hf Gmiarglfhlzfgl÷e da Gfjì ‘Olrd Jrlaedhy’. QWF. 

 

Q.W. DA^F_TFIAET MJ FK_LGQHTQ_A. (?>>>6: rav.>6.4> pp.

 

_AKHFIAETM M_KFELGM AQ_M^AM. (?>>>; y GA E¾ 22>2.

46

 

FEARMW FEARM 6 JLGBF TÌGELGF DA HF JLEGF

Feaxm E¾ >60 Jlgbf Tìgelgf da hf Jlegf Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

4?

 

FEARM ? JLGBF DA LEW^AGGLME LETA_EF

47

 

Feaxm E¾ >?0 Jlgbf da Lespaggl÷e Letaref. Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

44

 

FEARM 7 _AWQHTFDMW DA DLFKE×WTLGM LELGLFH

41

 

4:

 

4;

 

Feaxm E¾ >70 _asuhtfdm da Dlfke÷stlgm Lelglfh Juaeta0 @mrka Mhlvm (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

42

 

FEARM 4 _AWQHTFDMW DA GQI^HLILAETM DA WGL  ‗   LDAETLJLGFGL×E LDAETLJLGF GL×E \ AZFHQFGL×E DA _LAWKMW

ELZAH

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

GFQWF Dftms arr÷eams m ifh dlkltfhlzfdms ae hms euavms ilaiorms dah krupm (DEL, ærafs,  prmduggl÷e, Grmquls) Leastfolhldfd hfomrfh ae hms ilaiorms dah WGL, gmetrftfgl÷e da  parsmefh sle axparlaeglf m dasgmemglilaet m da hf liphaiaetfgl÷e da hfs prægtlgfs fkrégmhfs da hf _ad da fkrlguhturf Wmstaeloha.

_LAWKM

_aklstrm da  prmdugtmras gmejusms, y dftms fhtarfdms.

_atrfsm ae hf a`agugl÷e da  phfeas da trfof`m, kfstms

^_MOFOL HLDFD

Iadlf

Iadlf

GMEWAG QAEGLF

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ELZAH DA _LAWKM

Of`m

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Of`m

Kaearfr lestruiaetms da imtlvfgl÷e y hldarfzkm ae ah trfof`m (raiuearfglmeas, ? sakurldfd hfomrfh, gfpfgltfglmeas parifeaetas,  ouae ghlif hfomrfh, fiolaeta fdagufdm pfrf ah trfof`m).

aedagfpfgltfgl÷e parsmefh.

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Ah ragursm buifem lesujlglaeta pfrf hf fslstaeglf tìgelgf

Hliltfdm  parsmefh pfrf guiphlr gme ah  prmkrfif. Leguiphlilaetm da iatfs  prmkrfifdfs  pmr ah WKWF.

Iadlf

? Iaemr

6

Of`m

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

 Em slstaiftlzfr hms bfhhfzkms da lespagglmeas letarefs, pmr zmef y/m pmr tìgelgm y bfhhfzkms ragurraetas.

Bfhhfzkms em sme tmifdms ae guaetf ae ah  phfe da ia`mrfs y pmr aeda em sme  prasupuastfdms  pfrf su liphaiaetfgl÷e .

Iadlm

? Ifymr

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Iadlm

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Ah parsmefh qua hfomrf dasgmemga hfs emrifs,  pmhétlgfs da gartljlgfgl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha

Arrmras ae hf  phfeljlgfgl÷e da ia`mrfs y

Of`m

6 Iaemr

6

FGGLMEAW DA ILTLKFGL×E Iadlfeta Lespaggl÷e letaref ravlsfr fh 6>>% da hms  prmdugtmras gme hf varljlgfgl÷e da sus DEL ae hf _AELAG, ravlsfr fh 6>>% hms  phfeas feufhas y jlgbfs tìgelgfs a lespagglmeas gmesarvfgl÷e, atg., y astlifdms da gmsagbf.

Of`m

Mrdaefr y slstaiftlzfr hms iìtmdms da trfof`m pfrf avltfr duphlgldfd da raspmesfolhldfdas. Gmetrftfr  parsmefh prmjaslmefh gme axparlaeglf ae ah guhtlvm y eakmglm dah gfjì. Jlefeglfr gfpfgltfgl÷e ae gmekrasms, ? tfhharas y gursms qua sa  prmimglmeae ae hf prmvleglf, rakl÷e y f elvah efglmefh. Wmglfhlzfr hfs raspmesfolhldfdas/jueglmeas da gfdf letakrfeta dah aqulpm tìgelgm. _afhlzfr hf slstaiftlzfgl÷e da tmdfs hfs lespagglmeas letarefs y a`agutfr ue phfe da ia`mrfs pmr zmefs pmr zmefs m sugursfhas y daoa sar 4 smglfhlzfdm f tmdms hms  prmdugtmras a levmhugrfdms da hfs sugursfhas, durfeta hfs gfpfgltfglmeas rafhlzfdfs pmr ah WLK y æraf Tìgelgf.

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Leghulr ae ah prmkrfif da gfpfgltfgl÷e y ia`mrf gmetleuf fh parsmefh qua hfomrf, gmim tìgelgms, lespagtmras, raspmesfohas

 prasupuastm da liphaiaetfgl÷e

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Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Fdilelstrfdmr da Krupm

Jlegfs/ Wlstaif da Kastl÷e Dmguiaetfdm

Jlegfs/ Wlstaif da Kastl÷e Dmguiaetfdm

Jlegfs/ Olaeastfr Wmglfh Hfomrfhy

Ah fdilelstrfdmr dah krupm em bf dastlefdm ragursms jlefeglarms sujlglaetas pfrf hf liphaiaetfgl÷e hfs ouaefs  prægtlgfs fkrégmhfs ae jlegfs da sus ilaiorms  pmelaedm ae rlaskm sus astftus. Ah krupm em guaetf gme iagfelsims ajlglaetas pfrf kfrfetlzfr ah guiphlilaetm da hf gfdaef da gustmdlf (trfzfolhldfd) ae hfs lestfhfglmeas dah gaetrm da fgmplm. Trfof`fdmras rafhlzfe sus fgtlvldfdas gmtldlfefs sle aqulpms da  prmtaggl÷e gmim jf`fs, ifsgfrlhhfs, atg. Hms prmdugtmras dasgmemgae ah _akhfiaetm Letarem da ^rmduggl÷e Mrkæelgf y Wmstaeloha Hms prmdugtmras em ifetlaeae raklstrms y dmguiaetms fgtufhlzfdms, da hfs fgtlvldfdas rafhlzfdfs ae hf jlegf dasda vlvarm, slaiorfe ifea`m da guhtlvm, gmsagbf, vaetf a blstmrlfhas y raklstrm da fphlgfgl÷e. Iaemras da adfd rafhlzfedm fgtlvldfdas hfomrfhas ae hfs jlegfs ae bmrfrlms da ghfsas

^mstarkfgl÷e da fgtlvldfdas  prmkrfifdfs  pmr ah WKWF(leguiphl ilaetms y phfe da ia`mrfs)

^mslohas iazghfs da gfjì gartljlgfdm gme em gartljlgfdm.  Em taear fhifgaeas dlspmelohas pfrf ah dap÷sltm dah gfjì gartljlgfdm.

Fggldaetas hfomrfhas

Leguiphlilaetm da hfs emrifs da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha

 Em sa puada rafhlzfr hf varljlgfgl÷e da hf trfzfolhldfd ae hfs ueldfdas  prmdugtlvfs.

^ìrdldf dah föm asgmhfr, m

Iadlf

Of`m

Iadlm

Iadlf

Fhtf

Of`m

dasfprmofgl÷e da fslkefturfs.

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6 Ifymr

? Iaemr

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7 Ifymr

6 Ifymr

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Iadlm

Of`m

Of`m

Iadlm

Fhtm

Of`m

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Ah fdilelstrfr dah krupm legraiaetfræ prasupuastm ae ah æraf tìgelgf pfrf liphaiaetfr hfs emrifs ae gfipm

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Wa guaetf gme ue ifeufh da fgmplm, ldaetljlgf gme hatrarms sus fhifgaeas da gfjì gartljlgfdms y em gartljlgfdms, tlaeae su jhu`m da fgmplm. Tlaea su hlstf da prmdugtmras gartljlgfdms, pmr tlpm da gartljlgfgl÷e.

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Bfgar aetrakf da ifsgfrlhhfs, jf`fs f hms trfof`fdmras y gfpfgltf smora su usm y guldfdm. _aklstrfr su aetrakf.

4

Wmglfhlzfgl÷e dah rakhfiaetm letarem da prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha, iadlfeta gfpfgltfglmeas krupfhas y fslstaeglf tìgelgf  parsmefhlzfdf.

Wa radlsaöfræe hms jmriftms da raklstrms ae hfs ueldfdas :  prmdugtlvfs y sa bfræ aetrakf fh 6>>% da hms ilaiorms gme uef gfpfgltfgl÷e pravlf.

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Astfohagar pmhétlgfs da gmetrftfgl÷e da parsmefh da trfof`m ae hfs jlegfs ilaiorms.

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Jlegfs/ Olaeastfr Wmglfh y Hfomrfh

Jlegfs/ Olaeastfr Wmglfh y Hfomrfh

Jlegfs/ Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs

Hms prmdugtmras em guaetfe gme  omtlquleas liphaiaetfdms gme iadlgfiaetms da prliarms fuxlhlms.  Em sa fpraglf ia`mrfs, mrdae, rmtuhfgl÷e ae su ueldfd  prmdugtlvf, vlvlaedf y sarvlglms blklìelgms. Hms ilaiorms dah krupm gartljlgfdm m ae  prmgasm em ldaetljlgfe,  prmtakae, gmesarvfe hms agmslstaifs y jhmrf ae sus jlegfs

_aklstrms da fggldaetas havas, krfvas y imrtfhas

Fggldaetas gme barrfilaetfs da trfof`m, lekastl÷e da  prmdugtms  par`udlglfhas  pfrf hf sfhud, atg.

Fhtarfgl÷e da agmslstaifs

Fhtf

Fhtf

Iadlf

7 Iaemr

7 Iaemr

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6

6

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Iadlm

Gfpfgltfr f hms prmdugtmras ae  prliarms fuxlhlms y ah ifea`m da hms omtlquleas jfilhlfras fsé gmim iadlgfiaetms f 7 taear ae guaetf pfrf su gmiprf y fdilsl÷e. Hfs gfpfgltfglmeas hm rafhlzfrfe hms aspaglfhlstfs dah sagtmr sfhud.

Iadlm

Ah fdilelstrfdmr da krupm gfpfgltfræ f hms prmdugtmras ilaiorms ae hf lipmrtfeglf 7 da hf hliplazf y mrdaefilaetm da hf vlvlaedf y bfræ aetrakf da hatrarms pfrf rmtuhfgl÷e.

Iadlm

Gfpfgltfr ae ldaetljlgfr,  prmtakar, gmesarvfr, rmtuhfr y 4 raklstrf hms agmslstaifs  prasaetas ae hf jlegf.

Jlegfs/ Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs

Hmsdahilaiorms krupm gmetfilefe hfs fkufs dlragtfiaeta, gme fkufs sarvldfs y ilhas

Gmetfilefgl÷e da hms ragursms bédrlgms

Of`f

6 Ifymr

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Of`m

Jlegfs/ Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs

Lestfhfgl÷e da ærafs euavfs sle avfhufr lipfgtms fiolaetfhas y smglfhas.

Armsl÷e da suahms, pìrdldf da ifsf omsgmsf

Of`f

6 Ifymr

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Of`m

Jlegfs/ Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs

^rmdugtmras  prfgtlgfe hf gfzf da felifhas slhvastras pfrf futmgmesuim.

Axtlegl÷e da hf jfuef slhvastra da hf zmef

Of`f

6 Ifymr

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Of`m

Jlegfs/ Gmesarvfgl÷e da Agmslstaifs

Jlegfs/ Ifea`m Letakrfdm dah Guhtlvm y

Guhtlvms saiorfdms bfstf hfs mrlhhfs da réms, efglaeta da fkufs, tfhf aspaglas jmrastfhas ae  pahlkrm da axtlegl÷e, atg. ^rasaeglf da  phfkfs qua kaearfe gmesldarfohas

^ìrdldfs da agmslstaifs da fhtm vfhmr

Dlsileugl÷e da vmhðiaeas f gartljlgfr,  pìrdldfs

Iadlf

Fhtf

16

? Ifymr

7 Ifymr

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Iadlm

Fhtm

Ldaetljlgfr f hms prmdugtmras gme astf em gmejmrildfd, gfpfgltfrhms a liphaiaetfr i÷duhms da trftfilaetm da ? fkufs ilahas, astm em daoa  partaeagar fh krupm fptm pfrf gartljlgfr bfstf qua sa havfeta hf mosarvfgl÷e. Lestfhfr æraf euavf ae zmef fptf pfrf ah guhtlvm y gme  paedlaetas jfvmrfohas. Lestfhfr slstaifs da ? gmesarvfgl÷e da suahms (ofrrarfs, smiorf, zfe`fs da lejlhtrfgl÷e, surgms pfrfhahms f hfs paedlaetas). ^rmimvar hf adugfgl÷e da hms  prmdugtmras iadlfeta hatrarms qua prmbloéfe hf gfzf, ragmhaggl÷e y vaetf da felifhas slhvastras ae hfs ? jlegfs. Ldaetljlgfr iadlfeta ue raklstrm hfs aspaglas da jfuef qua axlsta ae su jlegf, gmemgar hfs aspaglas da jfuef ae pahlkrm da axtaesl÷e qua  puadf bfoltfr ae su jlegf. Ldaetljlgfr agmslstaifs da fhtm vfhmr ae hfs jlegfs, lelglfr  prmkrfifs da rajmrastfgl÷e, 4 rastfurfgl÷e da hms agmslstaifs gme aspaglas da hf zmef.

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Liphaiaetfr ue phfe da ifea`m da phfkfs dmeda levmhugra gmevaelms da trfof`m gme WAEFWF,

 

Ifea`m da _asldums

 pìrdldfs agme÷ilgfs.

agme÷ilgfs. Leguiphlilaetm da gmetrftms da vaetf.

Jlegfs/ Ifea`m Letakrfdm dah Guhtlvm y Ifea`m da _asldums

Qsm y/m fhifgaefilaetm da prmdugtms em  pariltldms pfrf hf fkrlguhturf mrkæelgf y smstaeloha

Gmetfilefgl÷e fiolaetfh y dah  prmdugtm3 ragbfzm da hmtas  pmr hms ghlaetas

 Em axlsta ue  prmkrfif da jartlhlzfgl÷e ae  ofsa f hms feæhlsls da suahm

Wfhlelzfgl÷e/fgl dljlgfgl÷e da hms suahms, fhtarfglmeas quéilgfs.

Of`f

6 Iaemr

6

Of`m

6

Bfgar iuastrams da suahms  pmr zmefs da prmduggl÷e a liphaiaetfr ah phfe da jartlhlzfgl÷e.

Of`f  prmdugtlvldfd y dakrfdfgl÷e da suahms.

Iadlf

? Ifymr

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Iadlm

4

Gfpfgltfr f hms prmdugtmras ilaiorms ae hf prapfrfgl÷e da fomems mrkæelgms.

Dlsileugl÷e da hf gfhldfd dah gfjì parkfilem

Iadlf

? Iaemr

6

Iadlm

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Gfpfgltfr f hms prmdugtmras ilaiorms ae ouaefs prægtlgfs da pms gmsagbf.

Jlegfs/ Ifea`m Letakrfdm dah Guhtlvm y Ifea`m da _asldums Jlegfs/ Ifea`m Letakrfdm dah Guhtlvm y Ifea`m da _asldums Jlegfs/ Ifea`m Letakrfdm dah Guhtlvm y Ifea`m da _asldums

 Em sa utlhlzf fh iæxlim hms iftarlfhas mrkæelgms da hf jlegf, gmim gmipmst buius  Em sa ifetlaeae hliplfs y ae  ouaefs gmedlglmeas hfs lestfhfglmeas y iftarlfhas da  oaeajlglm bðiadm

Of`f

Feaxm E¾ >40 _asuhtfdm da Guiphlilaetm da WGL Juaeta0 @mrka Mhlvm (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

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6 Ifymr

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Of`m

imeltmram da phfkfs pmr zmefs y gfipföfs da gfpfgltfgl÷e y prægtlgfs da gmetrmh da phfkfs. Jfglhltfr clts da lesuims pariltldms. Aetrakf rasðiaeas da iadldfs da gmetrmh da phfkfs, gfpfgltfr ae Ifea`m Letakrfdm da Guhtlvm. Wmglfhlzfr f hms prmdugtmras uef hlstf da prmdugtms gme emiora gmiueas a lekradlaetas fgtlvms ?  pariltldms pfrf hf prmduggl÷e mrkæelgf y smstaeloha, y ratlrfr f hms prmdugtmras qua yf bfe fphlgfdm.

 

FEARM 1 LEWQIMW QTLHLPFDMW AE AH ^_MK_FIF DA FOMEFILAETM   Gmipmst prmdugldm pmr hms ilsims fkrlguhtmras.

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  Kufem da Lshf.

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  _mgf Jmsj÷rlgf (pravlf futmrlzfgl÷e da hf aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf).

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  Gfh fkrégmhf (pravlf futmrlzfgl÷e da hf aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf).

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  Mtrms lesuims sakðe raquarlilaetm eutrlglmefhas (pravlf futmrlzfgl÷e da hf

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aetldfd gartljlgfdmrf).

^_FGTLGFW _AFHLPFDFW _AFHLPFDFW AE AH IFEA@M LETAK_FDM DAH GFJÌ   Gmetrmh guhturfh 0 Gmeslsta ae hf rakuhfgl÷e da hf smiorf da gfjì, gmetrmh da

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ifhazfs, ifea`m da puhpf, pmdf da gfjatfhas pfrf ia`mrfr hf h f vaetlhfgl÷e tfetm ae  pmdf da ifetaelilaetm gmim pmdfs da raemvfgl÷e da phfetfs pfrf ifetaear gfjatfhas prmdugtlvms y da pmrta of`m. Astm jfglhltf ah gmetleum rapfsm dah gfjatfh y ragmhaggl÷e dah gfjì ormgfdm, dastruggl÷e da hms gfjatfhas fofedmefdms qua sme jmgms da lejastfgl÷e.   Gmetrmh ifeufh0 _agmhaggl÷e gmetleuf y rutlefrlfiaeta hms jrutms sagms y smora

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ifdurms durfeta tmdm ah föm, ragmhagtfr saifefhiaeta y trftfr gme fkuf blrvlaeta hms jrutms da æromhas fhtfiaeta ftfgfdm pmr hf ormgf, em rakfr hf puhpf jrasgf dah gfjatfh sl em dasgmipmear ae ue ilsim sltlm, tæpahf lelglfhiaeta gme ue phæstlgm ae hm pmsloha uetfdm gme fgalta m krfsf pfrf qua sa gfhlaeta y ifta hfs ormgfs, rafhlga ah ragm`m y rfspf ae hf ðhtlif gmsagbf.   Gmetrmh atmh÷klgm0 Lestfhfgl÷e da trfipfs pfrf gfpturfr ormgfs gme utlhlzfgl÷e da

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sustfeglfs ftrfyaetas prapfrfdm prapfrfdm gme fkufrdlaeta da gföf, gfjì tmstfdm imhldm. Wa gmhmgf ae prmiadlm da ?> trfipfs pmr 6 bfs.   Wa lestfhf ae ìpmgf da rfspf daoldm qua hf ia`mr gfpturf sa hmkrf ae hf ìpmgf da

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dasgfesm y bfstf ah targar ias da hf jhmrfgl÷e.   Gmetrmh Olmh÷klgm0 Wa prmplglfræ hf utlhlzfgl÷e dah bmekm  Ofuvarlf ofsslfef, ae

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ah gmetrmh da hf ormgf dah gfjì ( bypmtaeaius fipall), taelaedm pfrf ahhm qua fdqulrlr dlgbm bmekm dah WAEFWF.  Feaxm E¾ >10 Lesuims Qtlhlzfdms y ^rægtlgfs IL^. Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:). 17

 

DFTMW AWTFDÉWTLGMW K_FJLGM E¾ >6 AR^M_TFGL×E DA GFJÌ FH IA_GFDM AQ_M^AM

K_FJLGM E¾ >?  AR^M_TFGLME DA GFJÌ M_KÆELGM ^M_ DAWTLEM

Juaeta0 LZ GAEFK_M ?>6?

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K_FJLGM E¾ >7  AR^M_TFGLMEAW AR^M_TFGLMEA W DA GFJÌ M_KFELGM ZW GFJÌ GMEZAEGLMEFH

Juaeta0 LZ GAEFK_M ?>6?

K_FJLGM E¾ >4  ^_MDQGTM_AW DA GFJÌ GME GA_TLJLGFGLME M_KFELGF

TMTFH DA ^_MDQGTM_AW DA GFJÌ GME GA_TLJLGFGL×E M_KÆELGF

2% 6% 6?% ?% >% ?%

6>% 1%

FIFPMEFW

6%

F\FGQGBM

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GF@FIF_GF GQWGM

62% 7%

BQFEQGM

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@QELE HFIOF\AVQA HM_ATM ^FWGM

Juaeta0 LZ GAEFK_M ?>6?

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K_FJLGM E¾ >1  QELDFDAW FK_M^AGQF_LFW \ WQ^A_JLGLA GME GQHTLZMW VQA GQAETFE GME GA_TLJLGFGL×E M_KÆELGF  GQAETFE GME GA_TLJGFGLME

EM GQAETFE GME GA_TLJLGFGLME

DA^F_TFIAETM

TMTFH QELDFDAW

F_AF TMTFH

FK_M^AGQF_LFW

(Bf)

Eðiarm da ueldfdas fkrmpagufrlfs

Wuparjlgla (Bf)

Eðiarm da ueldfdas fkrmpagufrlfs

FIFPMEFW FEGFWB F^Q_LIFG F_AVQL^F F\FGQGBM GF@FIF_GF GFHHFM GQWGM BQFEGFZAHLGF BQFEQGM LGF @QELE

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Juaeta0 LZ GAEFK_M ?>6? 

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Wuparjlgla (Bf)

 

K_FJLGM E¾ >:  AI^_AWFW AR^M_TFDM_FW DA GFJÌ AE ^A_Q 

K_FJLGM E¾ >;  ^_AGLMW JMO _AJA_AEGLFHAW AE CK 

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K_FJLGM E¾ >2  GFJÌ GMIA_GLFHLPFDM ^M_ HF GMM^A_FTLZF FK_F_LF DA HF _AKLME WFE IF_TLE (WAKÐE HMW WAHHMW)  

Tmeahfdfs da Gfjì Zarda sakðe gmiarglfhlzfdfs hms Wahhms da Gartljlgfgl÷e (Gfipföf ?>6:) 41> 4>> 71> 7>> ?1> ?>> 61> 6>> 1> > GMEZ

JHM + M_K

JHM + M_K + _JF

M_K

M_K + _JF

QTP

Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

K_FJLGM E¾ >6:) :>> 1>> 4>> 7>> ?>> 6>> > M_K

EM M_K

Juaeta0 Gmmparftlvf Fkrfrlf da hf _akl÷e Wfe Ifrtée (Wfe Ifrtle, ?>6:).

12