Sistem Politik Menurut Gabriel A

Oleh Muhammad Affan

STISIPOL PAHLAWAN 12 SUNGAILIAT – BANGKA  2009

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Lingkungan Internasional

Lingkungan fisik , sosial, ekonomi, domestik

Lingkungan Internasional

Output/ Peluang

Input Interest Group

 Yudikatif   Yudikatif  Penghakiman Kebijakan Birokrasi Penerapan Kebijakan

Sosialisasi Politik Rekruitment Politik Komunikasi Politik

Parpol

 Artikulasi Kepentingan

 Aggregasi

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Pengertian sistem politik menurut m enurut Gabriel A. Almond 

Sistem politik adalah sistem interaksi yang terdapat dalam semua masyarakat yang bebas/merdeka bebas/merdeka dalam melaksanakan fungsi-fungsi integrasi dan adaptasi (baik dalam masyarakatnya maupun berhadaphadapan dengan masyarakat lainnya) melalui penggunaan paksaan fisik yang lebih kurang bersifat absah.

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Sistem politik juga melaksanakan fungsi integrasi, bahwa tujuan pokok pokok sistem politik mengusahakan meng usahakan tercapainya kesatuan kesatuan di dalam dalam masyarakat. Fungsi adaptasi, yaitu penyesuaian diri dari sistem politik terhadap lingkungan masyarakatnya ma syarakatnya sendiri maupun lingkungan masyarakat lainnya.

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UNSUR-UNSUR SISTEM POLITIK 

COMPREHENSIVENESS (menyeluruh) 

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INTERDEPENDENCE (saling ketergantungan) 

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 Artinya, sistem politik mencakup mencakup semua interaksi, baik berupa masukan (input) maupun keluaran (output) yang mempengaruhi penggunaan atau cara penggunaan paksaan.  Artinya, perubahan pada salah satu aspek akan menyebabkan menyebabkan perubahan pada seluruh sistem.

BOUNDRIES (adanya batasan-batasan) 

 Artinya, terdapat batas-batas antara sistem politik dengan

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DASAR PEMIKIRAN ANALISA STRUKTURAL FUNGSIONAL 

Semua sistem politik, politik, baik yang masih primitif ataupun  yang sudah sudah modern modern memiliki memiliki keempat keempat ciri ini, yaitu: 

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Semua sistem politik memiliki struktur-struktur atau lembaga-lembaga politik. Semua sistem politik menjalankan fungsi-fungsi yang sama  walaupun tingkatannya berbeda-beda yang ditimbulkan ditimbulkan karena perbedaan perbeda an struktur. struktur. Semua struktur politik menjalankan fungsi-fungsi tertentu. Meskipun demikian, ia tetap bersifat multifungsi dalam arti

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Menurut Gabriel Almond : 

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Pada setiap Sistem politik pasti terdapat fungsi-fungsi  yang ada demi berlangsungny berlangsungnyaa sistem politik Ciri-ciri universal yang pasti dimiliki oleh sistem politik adanya fungsi politik dan struktur politik

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FUNGSI POLITIK 

Fungsi Politik dapat dibedakan menjadi 2, yaitu: 

FUNGSI INPUT, meliputi artikulasi kepentingan, aggregasi kepentingan, sosialisasi politik, rekruitmen politik, dan

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STRUKTUR POLITIK 

Struktur politik yang dijelaskan oleh Almond terdiri dari 6 komponen, yaitu: kelompok kepentingan, partai politik, legislatif, eksekutif, birokrasi, dan yudikatif.

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KEUNGGULAN SISTEM POLITIK ALMOND DAN EASTON: 

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Kedua model tersebut berpengaruh besar dalam perkembangan perkembangan studi ilmu politik sejak tahun 1950. Kedua model mampu membuat analisa politik dengan

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KELEMAHAN SISTEM POLITIK ALMOND DAN EASTON: 

 Analisis Sistem Sistem Politik Politik Easton Easton dan Almond tidak menghasilkan rumusan yang empirik atau mampu menjelaskan seluruh proses politik yang terjadi.

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