Sismica

 

ZFAPJWUANIN NAU^WA^ID @WIFEAUEC LCUJ NJ EIDNIU @IEZD^IN ^JEFCDCHAEI AFHJFAJWAI EAPAD HJC@AUAEI FCBGWJU<   FCBGWJU [IWEAID UÂUBAEI. Jd prcejsc nj inquasaeaõf sâsbaei js jd bátcnc hjc`saec bés usinc piri di jxpdcrieaõf nj manrceirgurcs, udazifnc ufi ujftj nj jfjrhâi abpudsavi c vagritcrai piri hjfjrir dis cfnis jdéseis quj sj prcpihif mieai jd sugsujdc pisifnc pcr eipis nj rceis quj pcsjjf prcpajninjs `saeis y datcdõhaeis nj aftjrás. Dis cfnis jxpjrabjftif ufi pireaõf nj jfjrhâi eini vjz quj jfeujftrif i su pisc ufi aftjriz jftrj ncs eipis ecf vjdceaninjs y njfsaninjs najrjftjs? ufi pirtj nj di jfjrhâi sj trifsbatj y ctri sj rjjli. Di jfjrhâi quj sj rjjli crbi jd eibpc nj cfnis quj ecfjfj afcrbieaõf nj dis ibpdatunjs, dcfhatunjs nj cfni, isjs y jbpcs ncgdjs nj dcs rjjetcrjs njd sugsujdc. Euifnc jstcs eibpcs nj cfni ddjhif i di supjreaj scf eiptincs pcr afstrubjftcs nj jseuemi ddibincs jf hjfjrid hjõcfcs y jsti afcrbieaõf sj idbiejfi jf crbi nahatid jf eaftis c nasecs nurcs jf dcs jquapcs nj rjhastrc njd sasbõhric.

 ω 2

∘ O 

 A 

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ϋ  r ∗

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∀ P  BF 

 O 2

i

r+

7

7i

i

7

ϋ ( 7 r ∗i )( 7 r + i ) >i

[iri rjidazir jd ifédasas nj di rjsasvanin ipirjftj sj jfjf dcs sahuajftjs nitcs cgtjfancs jf eibpc dujhc nj ddjvir i eigc dis bjnaeacfjs ecrrjspcfnajftjs, jf tctid sj rjidazircf 5 scfnjcs jf najrjftjs dceidaninjs, ecbc sj bujstri i ecffuieaõf< 9. ^Z^I - Eccrnjfinis< F 997558= J 99;77=1 ^igdi 9. Nitcs cgtjfancs jf eibpc (\cfi ^uti)

FWC.

IG/7 ( r )

9 7 5

9,: 7,: >

> : 0

0 = 9;

BF (i)

A

NP(`fid)

o

ω

 

9

 

9

=7,5 81,8 81,0

7=:9 95>7,: 505,7

0,7= 9=,=: >1,>=

798,00 598,:9 77:,88

1>,7 1;,9 18,1

81,9 5>,0 91

997,59 7;;,7= 595,58

1>,59 80,19 0;,=7

 

9

   

9 9

 

9

 

8 = 1 9; 99 97 95 9>

97 9: 7; 7: 5; 5; >; :;

9: 90 98 9= 91 7;

0; 8: 8: 9;; 97: 9:;

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

7;  

7;

 

7;

   

7; 7;

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:;

 

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8= =9,9 01,7 :7,>8 87,> 89,= 1:,9 0>,8

1,7 8 5,8 9,= 9,= >0,9 57 97,8

>:9,0; 8;0,;8 97::,=: 9107,89 7=70,0: 97:,00 75:,07 580,11

:5,78 0;,1> 08,9: 08,55 8;,7= =;,0= 81,7= 8>,;;

=1,1 9;; 9;5,7 78,> 18,1 9>8,1

9;,> :,> 95,7 7,5 0 8,7

:>1,8= =08,=0 59>,90 :=1,;: 1>7,>= 958>,>:

05,0; >0,=0 >;,9= >1,>: :8,80 00,19

ω vs IG IG/7 9;;;.;;

   )   i   e    a   r    t   e    á    d   j      n   i    n    a

9;;.;;

  v    a    t   s    a   s   j   r    (   ω

9;.;; 9

9;

9;;

9;;;

IG/7

Abihjf 9. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj (\cfi ^uti) Jxejd

Abihjf 7. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj y tigdi nj rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs (\cfi ^uti) A[7waf

 

7. ^IUEC - Eccrnjfinis< F 99>51:0 J 99>599; ^igdi 7. Nitcs cgtjfancs jf eibpc (\cfi ^isec)

FWC.

IG/7

9

9,:

7 5 > : 0 8 = 1 9; 99 97 95 9> 9: 90 98 9= 91 7;

7,: > 0 = 9; 97 9: 7; 7: 5; 5; >; :7 0; 8: 8: 9;; 97: 9:;

BF

A

NE (`fid)

o

ω

 

9

8:,>

>100

0,7=5

>95,=7>

   

9 9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

8>,5 88,8 8>,= 0:,1 >1,>> 09,> :8,= >1,5: >=,15 0=,5 0=,7 0>,: 59,97 :;,59 08,8 18,8= 89,> :=,1 1=,0

98=;,5 >7;,9 99:,7 := 98,9 9;,1 0,9 5,5 7,7 7,79 :7,;0 70,>= 1,: 8,00 :,;5 91,98 99,8 0,9 0,=1

9=,=:; >1,>=; 997,597 7;;,788 595,58> >:9,0;> 8;0,;85 97::,=:7 9107,89; 7=70,0>= 97:,00> 75:,091 >;1,;5: :>1,881 =08,=0: 59>,9:1 :=1,;>1 1>7,>8= 958>,>>8

>:9,0:> 708,:7> 987,187 980,70= 9;=,5== =;,989 8>,:90 =5,18= ==,7>= 19,>05 1:,17: 10,857 97>,=00 =5,8;8 0>,>=9 09,:17 10,:7: 18,0;= 10,;>>

7;  

7;

 

7;

 

7;

 

7;

:;  

:;

 

:;

 

:;

 

ω vs IG IG/7 9;;;.;;;    )   i   e    a   r    t   e    á    d   j    n   i 9;;.;;;    n    a    a    t   v   s    a   s   j    W    (   ω

9;.;;; 9

9;

9;;

9;;;

IG/7

Abihjf 5. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj (\cfi ^isec) Jxejd [CFJW ABIHJF NJ DI HWI@AEI NJD [WCHWIBI Abihjf >. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj y tigdi nj rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs (\cfi ^uti) A[7waF

5. UCHI UCHIBC BCUC UC - Ecc Eccrn rnjf jfin inis is55= J 995;;9: FWC.

IG/7

9 7 5 > : 0 8 = 1

9,: 7,: > 0 = 9; 97 9: 7;

9; 99 97 95 9> 9: 90 98 9= 91

7: 5; 5; >; :; 0; 8: 8: 9;; 97:

BF

A

NE (`fid)

 

9

 

9

705,0 787,9 797,9 7=0,: 95> 90;,9 75;,: 981,5 950,:

7=:; 9:88 :;: 77; :7,9 51,7 51,8 77,9 9;,5

0,7=5 08,155 9=,=:; 9;1,7>0 >1,>=; 998,=9; 997,597 =0,7>5 7;;,788 88,=01 595,58> 80,871 >:9,0;> 88,8=7 8;0,;85 =8,;71 97::,=:7 1>,80>

88,5 17,= =8,7 =:,0 9;1,0 97;,: 1>,9 >9,8 998,8 18,7

5,= 5,8 85 >;,9> 5;,87 79,85 1,9 1,7 98,9 1,>

9107,89; 7=70,0>= 97:,00> 75:,091 580,119 :>1,881 =08,=0: 59>,9:1 :=1,;>1 1>7,>8=

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

 

9

   

9 9

7;  

7;

 

7;

 

7;

 

7;

:;  

:;

 

:;

o

^igdi 5. Nitcs cgtjfancs jf eibpc (\cfi Uchibcsc)

ω

10,>=: 997,8;; 9;:,7;; 99;,>== 9;:,00= 11,9>5 =5,178 01,599 =:,:=; 19,9>:

 

ω vs IG IG/7 9;;;.;;;    )   i   e    a   r    t   e    á    d   j      n   i    n    a

9;;.;;;

  v    a    t   s    a   s   j   r    (   ω

9;.;;; 9

9;

9;;

9;;;

IG/7

Abihjf :. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj (\cfi Uchibcsc) Jxejd J xejd

Abihjf 0. Hriei IG/7 PU rjsasvanin ipirjftj y tigdi nj rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs (\cfi Uchibcsc) A[7waf

 

HJCDCHAI [CW DCEIDANIN

I pirr nj di afcrbieaõf cgtjfani jf dis gisjs nj nitcs nj dis jfninjs jfeirhinis nj di hjcdchâi jf Ecdcbgai ecbc jd AHIE j AFHJCBAFIU, sj punc njtjrbafir di prjncbafifeai hjcdõhaei jf eini ufc nj dcs duhirjs jf dcs quj sj ddjvircf i eigc dcs scfnjcs piri njtjrbafir jd pc nj sujdc quj sj jfeujftri jf jstcs sacs, ecbc sj bujstri i ecffuieaõf< 

[iri di \cfi nj ^uti, sjhüf di pdifemi 989 y 919, sj jfj crbieacfjs tst (^aditi) quj sj rjjrjf i rceis sjnabjftirais pc hrivi, irjfi y ireaddis y crbieacfjs tg (Gchcté) quj ecrrjspcfnjf i rceis sjnabjftirais pc irjfaseis y dcncdatis.



[iri di \cfi nj ^isec, sjhüf di pdifemi 987, sj jfeujftrif crbieacfjs O[HH (Huinuis) dis euidjs rjjrjf i crbieacfjs nj pc ireaddcdatis ecf aftjreidieacfjs nj irjfaseis y OUD

 



 

(crbieaõf nj di dufi) quj rjjrj i crbieacfjs nj pc dabcdatis ecf aftjreidieaõf nj irjfaseis. [iri di \cfi nj Uchibcsc, sjhüf di pdifemi 917, pjrtjfjej i di crbieaõf nj @cbjquj (Oa) (Oa),, di euid ecfjfj jf su biycrâi dabcs y ireaddis, tibgaáf jfj pjrtjfjfeai jf di crbieaõf huinuis (toh) di euid sj ecbpcfj prafeapidbjftj nj irjfaseis.

ECWWJDIEACF ECF DI HJCDCHAI Q IFIDAUAU.

I pirr nj di afcrbieaõf cgtjfani jf eibpc y dcs nitcs subafastrincs nj di hjcdchâi nj di rjhaõf, sj pujnj njtjrbafir ufi rjdieaõf jftrj jstcs ecbpirifnc di rjsasvanin rjdivi cgtjfani jf dcs scfnjcs y ecbpirirdi ecf di rjsasvanin rjid nj dis crbieacfjs hjcdõhaeis quj sj jfeujftrif jf di zcfi. i. [iri jd prabjr prabjr eisc (^igd (^igdii 9 y hréeis hréeis 9 y 7? zcfi ^uti), ^uti), jd pc nj tjrrjfc tjrrjfc euifnc euifnc ig/7 ig/7 jsté jftrj ; y 7; ecrrjspcfnjrâi i zcfis ireaddcsis, bajftris quj jf jd rjstc nj di hréei sj cgsjrvi quj miy ufi tjfnjfeai i sjr sujdc pc ireaddi, hrjni c dabc. Id ecbpirir jstis rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs ecf di hjcdchâi njd duhir, pcnjbcs cgsjrvir quj miy ufi tjfnjfeai nj dis rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs mieai di rjsasvanin nj dcs sujdcs pc irjfaseis dcs euidjs scf sujdcs sjnabjftiracs y quj i su vjz js jd pc nj sujdc quj prjncbafi jf jsti rjhaõf, sjhüf di hjcdchâi njd duhir, pjrc tibgaáf pujnj migjr prjsjfeai nj sujdcs ireaddcscs c dabcscs euyi rjsasvanin js buy gili jf rjdieaõf i di nj ctrc pc nj sujdc

g. [iri jd Ujhufnc Ujhufnc eisc eisc (^igdi (^igdi 7 y hréei hréei 5 y >? zcfi ^isec), ^isec), jd pc pc nj tjrrjfc tjrrjfc prjsjfti prjsjfti uf ecbpcrtibajftc fc ufacrbj? euifnc ig/7 jsté jftrj ; y 7;, prjsjfti vidcrjs jftrj :; y >:; Cmb-bjtrc, pcr dc quj js uf sujdc quj jf prabjri afstifeai js irjfi, pjrc dujhc ddjhi ecf uf sujdc pc ireaddi, hrjni c dabc? pcstjracr i jstcs 7;b sj triti nj sujdc ireaddcsc. e. [iri jd tjrejr tjrejr eisc (^igd (^igdii 5 y hréeis hréeis : y 0? zcfi zcfi Uchibcsc Uchibcsc)) , jstj pc pc nj sujdc sujdc prjsjf prjsjfti ti eipis bés ufacrbjs? sajfnc eisa jf tcni su dcfhatun sujdc nj pc irjfi ireaddcsc, pujstc quj di rjsasvanin tcbi vidcrjs jftrj 0; y 97;. Id ecbpirir dis rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs cgtjfanis jf eibpc ecf di rjsasvanin nj eajrtcs pcs nj Wcei, sj pujnj cgsjrvir quj scf rjsasvaninjs quj ecrrjspcfnjf i sujdcs pc irjfasei y i sujdcs nj pc ireaddcscs c dabcscs, sa cgsjrvibcs di hjcdchâi njd duhir, pcnjbcs fctir quj jscs scf dcs pcs nj sujdc quj prjncbafif jf di rjhaõf. Nj dc iftjracr pcnjbcs ecfeduar quj dis rjsasvaninjs ipirjftjs quj sj cgjfjf i jviduir dcs nitcs nj uf scfnjc jf eibpc, fcs bujstrif uf iejreibajftc id pc nj sujdc quj sj prjsjfti jf jd érji nj jstunac y isâ sj pcnjr njtjrbafir di jstrueturi njd sujdc jf jstunac.

 

^igdi >. ^apcs nj tjrrjfc