Sir Isaac Newton

SIR ISAAC ISAAC NEWTON NEWTON

By : Ech Echa a Kan anias iasari  ari  1A / D-I D-III II Tek eknik nik Ki Kimi mia a

PERSONAL DATA Born

4 January 1643, New Style

Died

20 March 1727 (aged 84)

Resting place

Westminster Abbey

Residence

England

Nationality

English

Fields

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Physics Natural philosophy Mathematics Astronomy Alchemy Economics

His father, whose name was also Isaac Newton, was a farmer who died before Isaac Junior was born. Although comfortable financially, his father could not read or write. His mother, Hannah Ayscough, married churchman when Newton was three years old.

CAREER AND EDUCATION Beginning at age 12, Newton attended The King’s School, Grantham, where he was taught the classics, but no science or mathematics. When he was 17, his mother stopped his schooling so that he could become a farmer.

In June 1661, aged 18, Newton began studying for a law degree at Cambridge University’s Trinity College, earning money working as a personal servant to wealthier students.

His natural philosophy lecturers based their courses on Aristotle’s incorrect ideas from Ancient Greece. Newton began to disregard the material taught at his college, preferring to study the recent (and more scientifically correct) works of Galileo, Boyle, Descartes, and Kepler. He wrote: “Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but  my  greatest friend is truth.” 

After three years at Cambridge he won a fouryear scholarship, allowing him to devote his time fully to academic studies.

 A Mind on Fire In 1665, at the age of 22, a year after beginning his four-year scholarship, he made his first major discovery: this was in mathematics, where he discovered the generalized binomial theorem. In 1665 he was also awarded his B.A. degree.

At the age of 24, in 1667, he returned to Cambridge, where events moved quickly. First he was elected as a fellow of Trinity College. A year later, in 1668, he was awarded an M.A. degree. A year after that, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College, Isaac Barrow, resigned and Newton was appointed as his replacement; he was just 26 years old. Barrow, who had recommended that Newton should succeed him, said of Newton’s skills in mathematics:

Mr Newton, a fellow of our 

“ 

College, and very young, being but the second year  master of arts; but of an extraordinary genius and proficiency.

”  

Some Details about Newton’s

Greatest Discoveries Calculus Newton was the first person to fully develop calculus. Calculus is the mathematics of change. Modern physics and physical chemistry would be impossible without it. Other academic disciplines such as biology and economics also rely heavily on calculus for analysis.

Universal Gravitation and the Apple

Newton’s Laws of Motion First law: Objects remain stationary or move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. Second law: F = ma. Third law: When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force equal in size and opposite in direction on the first object.

Optics and Light

He built the world’s first

reflecting telescope

 ACHIEVMENT Isaac Newton, who was largely self-taught in mathematics and  physics:  generalized the binomial theore.

showed that sunlight is made up of all of the colors of the

rainbow. built

the world’s first working reflecting telescope.

discovered/invented wrote the

Principia,

calculus,



discovered the law of universal gravitation



formulated his three laws of motion – Newton’s Laws –



showed that Kepler’s laws of planetary motion are special cases of Newton’s universal gravitation.



proved that all objects moving through space under the influence of gravity must follow a path shaped in the form of one of the conic sections, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a parabola, hence explaining the paths all planets and comets follow.



showed that the tides are caused by gravitational interactions between the earth, the moon and the sun.



predicted, correctly, that the earth is not perfectly spherical but is squashed into an oblate spheroid, larger around the equator than around the poles.



Used mathematics to model the movement of fluids – from which the concept of a Newtonian fluid comes.

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devised Newton’s Method for finding the roots of mathematical functions.

QUOTES

The End Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727, aged 84. He had never married and had no children. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, London.