Single Camera Drama

Sharon Itelia Unit 22 LO1 Submission 1

Single camera Drama A production using single camera format is generally used with just one camera and is mostly used in dramas; EastEnders, also used in comedies and documents. Each shot and camera angle is taken by the one camera unlike a multi-camera format, where there is a camera for every angle and shot needed in a particular scene, which they are then switched to show these different perspectives. Using a single camera is cheaper and easier than using multicamera, because using a single camera it would be easier for editing whereas using multi- camera you would have to use several SD cards to edit a film, but using multi-camera it’s much better than single because it makes the film run smoothly. There is a difference between using multi-camera and single camera. The multi-camera method used for film making and video production involves two or more cameras running simultaneously from start to finish with no interruptions. This method is used to record many program formats such as talk shows, concerts, soap operas, sports events and many more. The benefits of using a single camera is that it is time saving and the editing would not be a hassle. Whereas using a single camera you only uses one camera for film making, with cuts in between. The advantages and disadvantages of using a single camera set-up. •The advantages of single camera set up is that it is cheaper, therefore less camera operators are needed. Secondly it is simple, when using a multi-camera technique it can be difficult to place cameras where lighting won’t affect the shot. Finally another advantage is that it’s realistic, the lighting and sound can be edited in every shot, and therefore it makes everything look more realistic. •The disadvantages of using a single camera set-up is that you can only get one angle at a time, which makes the film production longer, also it makes the film less realistic, as one actor gets filmed at a time, the reactions are not as natural. Finally when filming with a single camera there would be a lot of repetition, you will have to repeat the same shot 3 times to get each angle as you can only get one at a time. When recording a single camera production the filming could seem as being easy, because you are using one camera it would be easier to shoot everything on that one camera for when it comes to editing, but like before the disadvantage is that it would be longer because you will have to shoot the film 3 times, also you need to have a short descent dialogue. When editing the film it would be a bit difficult because you have only used one camera therefore it is going to find time to find the right videos next to each other, editing with one camera is going to be way longer than editing with multi-camera.

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The type of programmes that use single camera set-ups are; The Pacific, X Files, True Blood, Sex and the City, Peep Show, Shutter Island, The Beach, The Tourist, Run Fat boy Run, lost and C.S.I. The type of programmes that use multi-camera set-up are listed below. These type of programmes use multi-camera set up because it makes it easier for editing for example: Hollyoaks, Friends, Bad Boys 2, Scrubs, Britain's Got Talent / X Factor, Babylon A.D and The Pacific. For this essay I am going to explore single camera set up in Tsotsi, Luther and One off drama- Murdered by my Boyfriend.

Case Study 1: Tsotsi

Scene 3 analysis of Tsotsi-Setting and Character Tsotsi is a single camera production that is a crime drama genre. The conventions of a crime drama includes a well-known city; Johannesburg, it also focus on crimes that create the most anxiety for example; murders and killers. A typical technical code used in a crime drama is the uses of steady shots and some hand-held camera to give a realistic representation of events. The uses of pan and zoom is used to give an intense feeling between the character and audience. The most common code that is used is non-diegetic music, the upbeat music is used throughout the film often when Tsotsi and his gang are walking through township making seem like their tough. The uses of the non- diegetic ‘snake rattle’ sound effect happens when Tsotsi is following Miriam crating a sense of fear and suspense. The use of editing is a montage creating a dramatic effect. For example when Tsotsi is at Miriam’s house there is a use of flashback where we see Tsotsi as a child making the audience feel empathy towards him because he has had a rough life. The narrative structure of a crime drama depends on the story being told. Tsotsi is a crime drama film therefore it is a linear narrative where we have the; Equilibrium – Disruption – Recognition – Attempt to Repair – Denouement. In Tsotsi the story is told in a single strand where there is no other conflict happening than the main character. Crime drama can be seen as a non-linear narrative through the uses of flashback used when Tsotsi remembers his childhood.

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The format of a single camera production can be a serial, one-off drama or a series. Tsotsi is a film therefore it is 2 hours long whereas a one-off drama last an hour long. In a film the whole narrative is revealed as shown in Tsotsi, the film is based on one subject; the film Tsotsi focuses on the character who struggles in the environment and focuses on him as his character is changing. In scene 3 of Tsotsi sound is used often as it is very important creating atmosphere and tension between the audiences. As Tsotsi wakes up from the night before after he has taken the baby the ambient sound of the air conditioner indicates to the audience what type of environment Tsotsi is living in. While trying to feed the baby the there is a diegetic sound of the baby crying, the tone of Tsotsi’s voice was quiet and soft towards the baby as he wanted him to stop crying. In confusion Tsotsi decided to cheer the baby up by blasting out loud music which creates a different sound mix, as we have Tsotsi’s dialogue and the baby crying. In scene 3 the sequence was shot on a location, I know this because the way people were living it looked realistic, the tinned houses, the streets and also the insight of some of the houses. (14-15 minutes)

The space they have used at the beginning was quite empty. The establishment shot of the field, which looked empty with no crops or animals or much greenery shows that the people living in the village don’t have much money and are poor. Whereas in the village where Tsotsi was living it was very cramped, with little alleyways, and small houses with a vast majority of people living in them. The light that was used is low key dark lighting, almost symbolising Tsotsi’s living; his life. The establishment shot of the whole village and the field had a dark orange purple sunrise which made the whole scene seem dark, adding to that the shot in Tsotsi’s house was also dark as well. He didn’t have much light coming in his house he only had two windows with a hint of light shining

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through which wasn’t enough to fill his house, seeing as he had to use a source of light to look at the baby which was under his bed. The darkness of the whole scene and inside Tsotsi’s house is a symbol of his isolation, he lives in a small house by himself, and since he was a child he has been left to fend for himself. The colours used in the scene is quite dull at the beginning but when Miriam is on set there is a light almost shining on her alone, foreshadowing that she would ‘ save him’ help him through tough time, also the type of clothes she was wearing; bright orange skirt with light brown top. The dull light/colours that has been used is a symbol of the village. Not much of them have jobs and some are dying, they are leaving in the ruins and don’t have much supplies to live on. Most people are scared to leave the village to find jobs, because going to work is a struggle, to go to the city, some people die; as we heard the story of Miriam’s husband, or some get robbed as we saw at the beginning when Tsotsi was robbing the man on the train. The main props that was used in scene 3, was a pen knife, newspaper. The pen knife symbolises that it is the only weapon that keeps for safety. In this scene when he changes the baby’s nappy we see a change in him, because we think that he would kill the baby, but we see a change of heart and he cuts the nappy form the baby, another prop that was used is the newspaper Tsotsi uses to change the baby’s nappy. Tsotsi could have left the baby in the nappy that he was in before but in this scene we see that he has a change of heart, and uses newspapers to change the nappy. The type of shots that was used in scene 3 was: establishment shot, close up shot and POV shot. The establishment shot was really effective in this scene, at the beginning of scene 3, there was an establishment shot of the whole village. This created dramatic irony, because we know that the baby is somewhere in the village but it’s going to be difficult for the police to find him the second use of an establishment shot was in Tsotsi’s house, this shot was effective because it showed us as the audience how cramped (small) Tsotsi’s house is; he has piles of shelves and newspaper which makes his room seem smaller than it is.

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(15-18 minutes)

Another shot that was uses is close up; when Tsotsi woke up from the night he took the baby. This uses of close up was effective because, we see he’s reaction when he remembers what he did the night before. His facial expression was worried/ surprised, which shows us as the audience that he is clueless, which leads him to looking under his bed which is where the baby was in a bag. The final shot that was used was POV. This shot was used when tsotsi was changing the baby’s nappy, most of the camera was positioned in the baby’s POV, because when tsotsi put the music on there was a POV of the baby looking up at tsotsi; dancing in front of the baby, at this point there was also a uses of facial expression; Tsotsi trying to smile, cheering the baby up. The use of editing techniques was shot reverse shot and eye line match. The shot reverse shot showed that tsotsi was in conflict with other characters, for example Miriam and the baby. When tsotsi was in Miriam’s house and he was looking at her while talking, also she was looking in the direction he was sitting which makes us think that they are looking at each other while talking. The second editing technique that was use is eye line match; when tsotsi was talking to his friends outside his house, there was a use of close up but also shots of the character directly looking at each other. (19:10 minutes)

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The use of sound that was used is dialogue and non-diegetic. The background music that was used was when tsotsi was at the pub with his friends and the normal music that plays in a pub was playing in the background for example upbeat music. The diegetic sound that was used was the people talking in the background, whereas the non-digastric sound that was used was the loud upbeat music that played every time tsotsi was running away. Another use of diegetic sound was when tsotsi used music to cover up the baby cry because he didn’t want he’s friends to hear that he has a baby. The final use of sound is the dialogue; when tsotsi friends are being sexist to Miriam in the streets tsotsi doesn’t join them, at this point we see that he is changing the way he acts around people especially women.

Overall in scene 3 the audience are in an awkward position, because the night before he shot a woman in front of her house and stole her car with the baby in it. But the audience is confused as to which side we should choose, because throughout the movie we see flashes of Tsotsi’s past life when he’s dad was very abusive, which makes us feel a bit sorry for the way he is now.

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Scene analysis: scene 5 Tsotsi-setting and characters. The scene that we watched was set on a location similar to scene 3, the space where it was set was cluttered because of the little alleyways we saw, where Tsotsi waited for Miriam outside her house. (48-53 minutes)

Tsotsi standing in the shadows

Miriam walking where there is light symbolising brightness/ happiness.

The set design was set in a slum we know this because of the type of houses; tinned house surrounded by dust ‘drought like’. The set design in Miriam’s house was a bigger space than Tsotsi’s, and there is a high key lighting than in Tsotsi’s house, the set design was also an undeveloped house, built of clay and metal. The lighting that was used was very symbolic. When Miriam and Tsotsi was in the house the bright lighting was mostly shown on Miriam symbolising happiness (the one who saves Tsotsi) whereas Tsotsi sat where there was not much lighting, symbolising his dark side. The source of light that was uses was natural lighting, because the scene was set mid-day. The type of atmosphere the lighting creates is a calm atmosphere, this was shown where Tsotsi walked over to Miriam’s ‘work’(the coloured glass), at this point the bright lights was a symbol that Tsotsi attitude and personality would change throughout the movie because of Miriam. The colours that was used changed at different moments in this scene, for example when Miriam was feeding the baby she was sitting on the edge of her bed where there was a white light almost shining on her, whereas Tsotsi sat far away from her in the shadows. The colours that was used was half dull and half vibrant, for example Miriam’s clothes was a bright

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orange top; a traditional wrap around her waist, symbolising she brings happiness, whereas Tsotsi was wearing a faux leather jacket, dark coloured jeans and a red t-shirt, most of Tsotsi’s clothes was dark colours which foreshadows that Tsotsi has a dark personality. The vibrant colours that was used are the colours from Miriam’s broken glass (art work). The type of props that was used is; a bed and baby toys. There was a use of close up when he was remembering when he’s mother use to nurture him. Another use of props was the baby toys (CD tap). Miriam’s baby was play with a CD tap which was considered as her baby’s toy, because of the type environment they live in (slums) much people cannot afford to by official toys, as we see during the movie tsotsi had to break into the baby’s house to get his toys because he can’t afford to buy ‘good’ toys.

Baby playing with CD tapes

When feeding the baby Miriam’s body language was her sitting on the bed with both hands under the baby-holding it while breast feeding but her facial expression was not intact with her body language, because she was forced to feed Tsotsi’s baby Miriam’s facial expression was angry and annoyed. Whereas Tsotsi’s body language was different from Miriam’s, Tsotsi’s body language was him sitting on a chair opposite Miriam with one of his hands underneath his chin (thinking) also Tsotsi’s facial expressing was memorised/ relaxed, because of flashbacks he was having when his mother use to nurture him, while Miriam was feeding the baby. The camera shots that was used are; mid-close shot, POV and zoom. The use of mid-close up shot was used when feeding the baby, the camera was set on Miriam’s body so we as the audience can see how she nurtures the baby; calmly- carefully holding the baby. The second use of camera shot was POV/zoom of Tsotsi when he was remembering when he was a little boy, and when his mother use to look after him. We know when watching the movie that Tsotsi is not his real name because during the movie he has flashbacks of he’s childhood life and his mother use to call him David, which brings convinces him to call the baby David, which symbolises that if Tsotsi had a chance to re-

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live his life, he would to make a change. Another use of camera shot is zoom, the use of ‘zoom in’ was really effective in this scene; as Miriam is talking to the baby (asking questions-being friendly), and the camera zooms into Tsotsi’s facing, signifying that he is remembering his mother, and in this scene we see him changing as a person almost having a change of heart as well as admiring Miriam. The final uses of camera shot was two shot, where tsotsi was already waiting for Miriam at her house, and on the right hand side we see Miriam coming out from an alleyway next to her house, then both characters meet each other. When tsotsi was waiting for Miriam we could see that he was desperate, we see this through his body language when he shaking and looked anxious. In this scene there was not many editing techniques the only two that was used are; eye line match and shot reverse shot. The use of eye line match was used when tsotsi was admiring Miriam feeding the baby, at this point there is a use of POV so us as the audience can see what tsotsi is looking at from his perspective. The final editing technique was shot reverse shot, which was sued when Miriam and tsotsi was having a conversation about Miriam’s broken glass. The use of sound was effective because when Tsotsi was speaking we noticed a change of tone in his voice. The use of sound that was used was only dialogue and diegetic sounds/ non-diegetic. When Miriam and Tsotsi was talking they voice was relaxed, which was different from times when Tsotsi speaks to his friends, which is when we see that tsotsi is changing into someone different, because before this scene tsotsi and his friends was mocking Miriam and being sexist towards her but Tsotsi didn’t join in the name shouting, which makes us think that he has respect for women whereas his friends don’t. The diegetic sound that we heard is the sound of the baby crying, while Miriam and Tsotsi was talking we can hear soft sounds of the baby moaning (making baby noise). In this sequence the audience has been positioned to change they opinion on tsotsi, because we see that has a change of heart because of memorise and flashbacks he had while admiring Miriam feeding the baby. The audience is also positioned in an awkward moment because they dot know if they show feel sorry for tsotsi or keep disliking him because of what we’ve seen at the beginning of the film.

Sharon Itelia Unit 22 LO1 Submission 1

The Features of Single Camera Drama Luther: Series 1 Episode 1 In this essay I would be analysing Luther Series 1 episode 1 on camerawork and editing techniques. Luther is a British crime drama series starring Idris Elba as the titular character, DCI John Luther. Written by Neil Cross. The conventions of a crime drama includes a well-known city; London where is focus on crime that is happening in the area creating awareness. A typical technical code used in a crime drama is the uses of hand-held camera and steady shots which gives a more intense feeling and a realistic events it also create atmosphere and mood. The uses of ellipsis is used to create an anxious feeling when Luther is talking to his wife and he loses his temper and there are ellipses shots of him smashing and breaking the door emphasizing his mood; that he is angry. The uses of non-diegetic sound is used to create a tension for example when Luther is running after the villain the sound of both characters footsteps and heavy breathing increase and becomes louder. Another uses of non-diegetic sound is when Luther has an idea or chasing the villain there is a constant rapid music increasing as his gets closer to the villain. The uses of continuity editing is used to create a sense of realism also a dramatic effect. When the victim sees that her family is head the each shot of the, dad, mom and dog follows. The uses of jump cut is used often portraying Luther’s mood, when he is feeling anxious and worried, for example when he watch the villain fall of a crane and didn’t help, the jump cuts of Luther covering his face and rubbing its eye almost thing to himself. The narrative structure of a crime drama depends on the story being told. Luther is a series crime drama therefore it is non-linear, the narrative is likely to have a semi closed ending, because the same narrative could continue through the next episode. In Luther the narrative is the hero vs the villain, the audience sees this when episode 1 opens up with Luther running after the criminal and throughout Luther has a case on who murdered the victim’s family. The format of a single camera production can be a serial, one-off drama or a series. Luther is a series crime drama which is an hour long where not much of the story is revealed in the first episode but may continue in the second episode. In the episode 1 of Luther the uses of non-diegetic racing sound is used to create tension between the Luther running after the villain. The uses of ambient sound is used when Luther and his friend is in a room talking and the sound of the air conditioner is on making the scene seem more awkward between the characters. When Luther visits his wife this tone of voice changes when she tells him that she doesn’t want to be with him anymore. As Luther

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enters her house his tone of voice is calm and understanding but after she tells him how she feels Luther gets a rage of anger where we see him shout at his wife and breaking down doors. Camerawork Establishment shot Establishment shot of the factory where the villain was being chased by the police. An establishing shot is usually the first shot of a new scene, designed to show the audience where the action is taking place. It is usually a very wide shot or extreme wide shot. The shot tells the audience about the dark mysterious mood/ atmosphere the shot creates. We see the shot is taken at night creating an isolated atmosphere also very dangerous because the scene is set in a factory.

Another uses of an establishment shot is the shot of the city portraying to the audience that all the drama is happening in such a big city. The establishment shot is also showing the audience what kind of environment the characters live in. Extreme close up

Extreme close up is used to allow the viewer to enter the characters intimate space, it creates tension between the two characters. The tight frame makes the scene seems more intense and makes the audience wonder what is going to happen next, it also shows to the audience that the characters are in conflict

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with each other. After the villain has been chased by Luther through a factory now realising he has no escape it creates tension for both characters especially the villain because he is ‘trapped’ which builds up to both characters fighting. Bird’s eye view Bird’s eye view makes the audience see what is happening from the top as if the audience was looking down on the characters meaning that we can see more than if it was a medium shot. The scene is shown from directly above, creating a dramatic effect showing the different spatial perspective. The use of voyeurism is used creates tension between both the characters and the audience, because the audience are the only people who can see what is happening, because the location that both characters are in is in a tight isolated space. Worms eye view Low angle shot is used to show the audience how high the villain is from the ground and giving an insight of the consequence if he falls it also creates tension because it makes the audience wonder if he is going to fall or if Luther will help him. This shot can be seen as a worm’s eye view, this is because the shot is taken under the character showing the audience that the character is hanging (swinging) from just a crane. Loose Frame Loose Frame shows the victim’s facial expression. She looks terrified and shaken, because of the death of her family. The loose frame is effective because it shows the audience how the Character is feeling through their facial expression also because of the blood that is on the victim, portraying to the audience that she has just come from a crime scene. This shot can be seen as a shallow focus because the camera is just focused on the character rather than the objects in the background.

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High angle High angle makes the character seem smaller it also shows the audience where the character is for example Luther and his partner are going up the stair, this shot makes it easier for editing as well because you could use a behind the shoulder shot to show the character going up the stairs, but placing the camera in a corner on a high angle it establish everything in one shot. Editing Cross-cutting

Cross-cutting is used when Luther is running after the villain while in the other scene the police are trying to find a young girl in a house which is linked to the killer (villain). The use of cross-cutting makes the editing quicker and makes it easier for the audience to understand why Luther is chasing the villain. 180 degree rule This scene there is a uses of single camera set up, this is when there is only one camera used to film the whole scene and later be edited. Normally in a single camera set up drama the camera would be set on one side of the room and be filmed which is called the 180 degree rule and it must never be broken. Whereas in Luther the 180 degree is broken, we know this as the audience because the position of the character changes. Breaking the 180 degree rule makes the scene seem more intense because we don’t know what the characters next move is. The uses of shot reverse shot is intense for this scene because both characters are almost in conflict with each other making the camera shot rapid creating tension between both characters.

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POV/ Over shoulder The POV shot is effective because we as the audience are looking in the characters eye view therefore what they are looking at the audience can see. This shot is effective to the audience because it shows the victim’s mood through her facial expression making the audience understand how she’s feeling; confused, sacred. Eye line match

Eye line match is the audience wanting to view what the character on the screen is viewing and the camera cuts to that POV. Eye line match is effective because the audience wonder where the character is looking at what they are looking at for example the other character(s) or an object. Luther is interrogating the victim because he thinks she murdered her family, in this shot we see both characters intensely looking at each other creating dramatic tension. Jump cut

The use of jump cut makes the editing proses quicker. In this scene jump cut is used when Luther is about to enter the interrogation room, then cuts to the victim sitting in the room. This type of editing technique gives the effect of jumping forward in time. Jump cut is important because it means that the

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Two shot The two shot is a medium shot which is good for establishing the relationship between Luther and Alice. It is a natural way to introduce two people. The uses of two shot creates tension because it is also a tight frame, which establish the characters body language. Luther is directly looking into Alice’s eyes, while Alice does the same, indicating that both characters are showing affection for each other. The tight shot makes the audience seem uncomfortable because we feel like we are invading both characters personal space, the audience feels awkward to watch both characters stare at each other seductively. Ellipsis editing

The ellipsis editing cuts from one scene to another. For example, Alice is sitting on the floor covered in blood while she’s on the phone, crying, whereas in the other since Luther is sitting on a ledge looking down through a hole. The ellipsis portrays to the audience that it is a different scene but same day, which are not connected.

One off Drama

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Murdered by My Boyfriend Murdered by my Boyfriend is single camera production that is a docu-drama, it is also a one off drama. A single camera production is a short film that is usually used for budgets projects, TV dramas and adverts. The conventions of a docu-drama genre includes a series of real events usually told as a story. A typical technical code used in docu-drama is the use of hand held camera creating a manic atmosphere to increase tension. A typical code used is nondiegetic voiceover at the beginning Ashley introduces herself and tells the audience that ‘this is no ordinary story’, the voice over is normally of the main character. The uses of continuity editing is used to create the feel of realism. However montage editing can be used to present a significant events in a dramatic way. For example, in Murdered by my Boyfriend when Ashly is talking to Reece the use of ellipses are used to show that Ashly and Reece are showing affection for each other. The narrative structure of a docu-drama depends on the story being told, and whether the episode is a one-off (like Murder by my Boyfriend) or part of a series. A one off drama tend to have a closed end they last up to an hour long and is told in a non-linear narrative. In Murdered by my Boyfriend, the story is told as a circular narrative, meaning that we see the ending of the story and then flashbacks are used to explain how we arrived there, for example at the beginning we see Ashly laying on the floor with feather falling on her face then jumps to her combing her hair in her bedroom indicating to the audience that it was a flashback. Docu-drama is also usually a single strand narrative meaning that one person’s story is told, in Murdered by my boyfriend we see Ashly struggles throughout the drama. In Murdered by my Boyfriend the uses of sound creates atmosphere and tension for the audience. The uses of non-diegetic sound is used when Reece pushes Ashly to the ground and there is an ambient buzzing sound. The tone of Reece’s voice heightens when he gets irritated after Ashley was questioning him. The ambient buzzing sound is parallel to the atmosphere, this is because if the audience was in Ashly’s position after being hit on the head there is an after buzzing sound. Finally the diegetic sound that is used is the dialogue and natural sounds for example when Ashley goes to the club the music in the club is diegetic.

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Camerawork Extreme close up The extreme close up is when Reece is brutally beating Ashly on the floor, and the camera tightly focuses on Ashly’s eye making the scene more intense because the audience does not see Reece physically hitting Ashly but by positioning the camera and focusing on Ashly’s eye makes us wonder and feel what Ashly is going through. The use of extreme close up is used to create a dramatic effect between Reece and Ashly, it allows the audience to enter Ashly’s intimate space revealing how she is feeling; broken, cold, as she is slowly dying, the extreme close up allows the audience to fell sympathy for Ashly. High and low angle In this scene there is a use of close up shot where we see Ashly’s reaction as she looks frightened and scared because her boyfriend pushed her onto the ground while she’s pregnant. Ashly looks up at Reece while she’s sitting on floor indication that she has less ‘power’ than Reece, while Reece looks down on her also indicating that he is in power as we see throughout the movie when he constantly abuses Ashly. In this scene Reece is constantly banging on the door and threatening her. The use of high angle helps the audience understand that Ashly is scared also making her seem vulnerable. The position of the camera is at a high angle looking down on Ashly making her powerless and helpless, not only because of the angle but also the setting where she is cornered on her stairs and the lighting set, where is seems dark and gloomy portraying Ashly’s mood. Mid-shot In this scene we see Ashly changing her top through the use of a midshot where we see Ashly has bruises on her back, indicating to the audience that her boyfriend, Reece is abusing her, and the fact that she doesn’t take any notice or

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look at it in the mirror portrays that she knows about her bruises and they might not be the only one that she has. The mid-shot is used to show the audience Ashly’s bruises to emphasized how brutal her relationship is with Reece and also tells the audience about Ashly’s character, innocent, scared and quiet.

POV The POV shot is used when Ashly is being beaten up by Reece while she’s lying on the floor and their daughter is watching. This shot shows a view from the daughter’s perspective. The POV shot is not only effective but the uses of lighting. The dark shadowy lighting makes the scene more depressing and sympathetic towards Ashly because it emphasizes how she’s feeling through the use of a dark miserable room, it symbolises that Ashly is in pain and slowly dying, although the audience cannot see Reece psychically hitting her as she is hidden behind the bed, makes the audience wonder what she looks like. Two shot Two shot is used when Ashly is telling one of her friends the brutal things Reece has been doing to her as she shows her some of the bruises. This scene is intense because the audience is invading both characters personal space, it is used to show the emotional reaction between both characters which makes the audience feel sorry for Ashly. We see that Ashly has people who care about her

Editing Eye line match

The use of eye line match is effective in this scene because it shows the

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audience that there are two characters having an intense conversation. This scene is when Reece meets Ashly and get to know her as a person for the first time. In both shots the camera is focused on both characters by using focus pull, showing that nothing else matters and the audience should just focus on these two characters, seeing as most of the film is about Reece and Ashly. During this scene there is a use of close on Ashly and Reece’s eyes and mouth, indicating that both characters are focusing on each other features emphasizing that they are showing affection for each other which leads to the next scene when Ashly and Reece are lying in bed. Match cut and Non-linear

Graphic match

The uses of match cut is used at the beginning of the film, where we see the ending if the film at the beginning, which concludes to the audience how the film is ending, it also questions why Ashly is on the floor with pillow feathers falling on her. The shot of the feathers falling cuts to when Ashly is in her bedroom getting ready to go out, and the camera zooms out of the snow glob where is see the snow falling just like the feathers falling on Ashly. This technique is used to confuse the audience why Ashly was on the floor, it can also giveaway hints on how the movie ends. Ellipsis editing

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The Ellipsis editing technique is used when Ashly has just been beaten up by Reece in a shop and the scene cuts to Ashly’s daughter birthday. The use of ellipsis editing indicates that it is a different day and a different scene. The scene before Ashly’s daughter birthday we see Ashly playing on the floor with her face full of blood, and looks brutally beaten up and the other scene we see her looking happy showing the two different side to Ashly. Placards

This technique show the audience how many days/weeks/, months has gone by, which helps the audience understand how long it has been since Ashly has been with Reece also how many years (4 years) it took for Ashly to die. Alongside the narrative there is a use of pan which leads to the next scene where Reece push Ashly towards the floor and the camera pans slowly focuses on Ashly showing her facial expression. At three months Ashly realizes that she’s pregnant which is when all the drama starts happening. Each shot tells the audience how many time has gone by for example when Ashly’s daughter was 3 years old the shot was “three years”