SIMPLE_MODEL.pdf
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KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS
CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS PETE-402 LAB Najmudeen Sibaweihi
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Contents Introducing the CMG Technologies Launcher ....................................................................... 2 Starting Launcher .............................................................................................................. 3 Adding a New Project ........................................................................................................ 4 Builder .................................................................................................................................. 5 Saving Your Work to a Simulator Input File (Dataset) ......................................................... 6 Creating the Simulation Grid (structural data) ................................................................... 7 Creating PVT Data ........................................................................................................... 10 Creating Relative Permeability Data ................................................................................ 11 Creating Initial Conditions .............................................................................................. 13 Well Definition and Constraints ....................................................................................... 15 Numerical Control ........................................................................................................... 19 Input / Output Control ..................................................................................................... 20 Titles and Case ID ........................................................................................................ 21 Simulation Results Output ............................................................................................. 21 Running the IMEX Dataset (Initialization of Dataset) ............................................................ 24 Running the IMEX Dataset ................................................................................................... 25 Plotting Simulation Results using RESULTS GRAPH .............................................................. 26 Repeating a Plot............................................................................................................... 30 Plotting Property vs Distance ........................................................................................... 32 Plotting Flow Property vs Depth. ..................................................................................... 33 Visualizing Simulation Results using RESULTS 3D ................................................................ 36 Effects of Grid Size .............................................................................................................. 42 Results Comparison with Result Graph. ........................................................................... 48 Homogenous and Heterogeneous Example ........................................................................ 51 Pressure Transient Testing .................................................................................................. 56 Problem:.......................................................................................................................... 56 Water Coning ..................................................................................................................... 66 Critical Rate ........................................................................................................................ 70
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Introducing the CMG Technologies Launcher The CMG Technologies Launcher (“Launcher”) is a project management application that allows you to keep track of your CMG simulations and launch jobs from one location. Using Launcher, you can set up projects or folders on your computer that contain related simulation files. From these projects, you can: · Start Builder to set up your dataset, · Start a simulator job to compute your results, and · Load Results Graph or Results 3D to analyze your results. You can also use Launcher to schedule jobs to run on your computer overnight. Launcher will ensure that jobs are run in order so that each job has access to the computer resources it requires. You can use Launcher to submit jobs to other scheduling technologies, such as Microsoft HPC Server or IBM Platform LSF, or to a collection of computers running the CMG Job Service. Launcher uses a drag-and-drop methodology for launching simulators and applications. You can extend Launcher by adding icons for your favorite applications.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Starting Launcher Launcher may be started from the Windows Start menu or from the Launcher icon installed on your desktop. Launcher’s main window contains a number of areas.
Project selector
Folder selector Job list view
w File list Project tree view
Job list view
w
Project tree
Job list view
w
Project tree
Project tree
Application icon area Job list view
Job list view
w
Project tree
Project tree
· Project Selector: The Project Selector allows you to easily switch between projects you have defined. When you select a different project, the File List View and Project Tree are updated to show the new project. · Folder Selector: You can enter a folder that is not a project that Launcher knows about, either by browsing for the folder, or by explicitly typing it in. The File List View is updated to show you the files in this folder, and the Project Tree is updated to show you the subfolders. · File List View: The File List View shows you the files in the selected folder or project. You can view files in the same manner as you do in Windows Explorer, or you can use the CMG Folder Viewer to cluster related simulation files together. You can also use the File List Filter to show only files of a particular type.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 · Project Tree: The Project Tree shows you the subfolders contained within the selected Project’s folder. The tree does not show folders above the Project Folder, but you can use the Up One Level folder.
button to view the parent
· Application Icon Area: Application Icons allow you to start any application from Launcher, either by double-clicking on the icon or by dragging and dropping a file from the File List Area onto the icon. Applications may be started directly or through the Job Scheduler. You can group your icons onto different tabs, have Launcher scan your CMG Home location for new applications or versions, or create new icons for other applications yourself. · Job List View: Any jobs that are run through the Job Scheduler will be listed in this area. From here you can monitor the progress of jobs as they are run. If your computer is part of a CMG Cluster, you may also see jobs that your computer is scheduling or running on behalf of others. Create a folder at your desired location and name it Building Simple Model.
Adding a New Project 1. Select Project | Add in the main menu, or click the Add Project the project toolbar.
icon in
2. The Add/Modify Project dialog box is displayed:
3. Specify the directory in which you want to create a project by clicking the Browse button to open the Browse for Folder dialog box. INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 4. Browse to and select the project file. 5. In the Project Description box, enter a description of the new project. 6. Click OK.
Builder Builder is a Microsoft Windows based software tool that you can use to create simulation input files (datasets) for CMG simulators. All three CMG simulators – IMEX, GEM and STARS – are supported by Builder. Builder covers all areas of data input, including creating and importing grids and grid properties, locating wells, importing well production data, importing or creating fluid models, rock-fluid properties, and initial conditions. Builder contains a number of tools for data manipulation, creating tables from correlations, and data checking. It allows you to visualize and check your data before running a simulation.
Double click on builder icon in the Application Icon Area in launcher. Builder starts then the Reservoir Simulator Settings dialog box is displayed.
Under Simulator, select IMEX. Under Working Units, Field. Under Porosity, select Single Porosity. Under Simulation Start Date, enter 2014-01-01. This is usually the date of the start of production or injection in the earliest well. Click OK twice to apply your settings.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Saving Your Work to a Simulator Input File (Dataset) Builder has both File | Save and File | Save As menu items. You can save the file as a single file, or as a set of “*INCLUDE” files. When you select the Save As menu item (or the first time you select Save for a new dataset), you will bring up the Save As dialog box:
Comment edit box
Main file edit box
Change the file name to simModel.dat in Main file edit box and click ok to apply.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Creating the Simulation Grid (structural data)
Click on Reservoir in the menu bar to select Create grid and then choose Cartesian from the options.
Create Cartesian grid dialog box appears. Fill in the box as shown.
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Click OK.
Double click Array Properties under Reservoir section in Model Tree View. Fill in the following information.
Select Permeability J and right click in the Whole Grid box. Select EQUALSI then OK.
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Do the same with Permeability K and select EQUALSI. In the first box select * and then enter a value of 0.1 in the second field (this applies a Kv/Kh ratio of 0.1). Press the OK button.
Press OK to leave the General Property Specification section and then press OK to
calculate the Properties. Double click on Rock Compressibility in the tree view menu and input 4E-6 in the rock compressibility box, 4000 psi in the reference pressure box and OK. Units will be applied automatically; you should now have the Green check mark for Reservoir
section. This would be a good point to save the data set you are working on. Click File then Save. If Save is not activated click on probe mode
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
to activate it.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Creating PVT Data
Click the Components tab in the tree view. Double click the MODEL keyword.
Select Launch dialog to create a quick BLACKOIL model using correlations then
press the OK.
Fill in the black oil model dialog as shown.
Click OK. The Component section should have a green check mark now.
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Creating Relative Permeability Data
Click the Rock-Fluid tab in the tree view and double click on Rock Fluid types in the tree view.
Click on button and select New Rock Type. Press the Tools button (on the “Relative Permeability Tables” tab) and select Generate Tables using Correlations.
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Enter the following. Press Apply and then OK. Press OK again to get out of the Rock Types window. A graph containing the relative permeability curves will appear
The Rock Fluid section should have a green check mark. Save the file at this time.
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Creating Initial Conditions
Click the Initial Conditions tab on the tree view of Builder.
Double click on Initial Conditions.
Select Water, Oil, Gas as the initial fluid in the reservoir to perform a GravityCapillary Equilibrium Calculation.
Type the following values in the available fields: o 4000 (psi implied) in the Reference Pressure window o
10007 (ft implied) in the Reference Depth window
o
10105 (ft implied) in the Water-Oil Contact window
o
6496 (ft implied) in the Gas-Oil Contact window
o
943 (psi implied) in Constant Bubble Point Pressure (PB) window
Leave the other boxes blank.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Initial conditions interface should look as:
Click on Apply; then OK.
You should now be back in the main Builder window with all tabs showing a green
checkmark in the tree view, except for the “Wells & Recurrent” tab. At this point it is advisable to save the data again by selecting File from the top menu and Save.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Well Definition and Constraints
Click on Wells & Recurrent tab under Model Tree view and double click on Wells
to create new wells. Under ID & Type tab. We are creating 4 oil producers. If you are defining a single well do not select Add multiple wells numbered box. In this tutorial we assume the first well was opened for production 2014-01-01 and subsequent wells were opened for production after every 2 months.
Click on the Constraints tab and enter the parameters as shown. o
Constraints: OPERATE.
o
Parameter:
o
Limit / Mode: MIN.
o
Value:
BHP Bottom hole pressure. 1000psi.
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Click OK to add new wells.
Click on the black arrow on Wells & Recurrent tab and select Well new. This time under Type drop down list select INJECTOR MOBWEIGHT. Change name to INJ and add 4 injectors. The injectors are drilled after every 2 months like the producers.
Click on the Constraints tab and enter the parameters as shown.
o
Constraints: OPERATE.
o
Parameter:
o
Limit / Mode: MAX.
BHP Bottom hole pressure.
o Value: 5500psi. Click OK to add new wells. Under Wells & Recurrent tab, double click on Dates. Click on Add a range of dates and select the following. Click OK to return to Simulation Dates dialog and check the last box to set simulation stop time.
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Click Close.
Click on the black arrow under Wells & Recurrent tab and select Well Completion.
Under General folder change the well radius to 0.325 and Skin to 2.5. Click on Apply to apply changes.
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Click on Perforation folder.
Click on well.
to add new lines and enter the following coordinates (X, Y, Z) for each
o
INJ001: 1 1 1- 4
o
INJ002: 30 1 1- 4
o
INJ003: 30 30 1- 4
o
INJ004: 1 30 1- 4
o
PRD001: 15 15 1- 4
o
PRD002: 19 7 1- 4
o
PRD003: 4 12 1- 4
o
PRD004: 15 24 1- 4
Click Apply and OK. Wells & Recurrent tab should be green now.
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Numerical Control
Normally, you do not need to enter any values in the Numerical Control section, as defaults are supplied for all values. It is recommended that you only override the defaults if you are an experienced reservoir simulation user, or directed to do so by CMG support personnel. Numerical controls are provided in three subsections: time step control, solution method control, and linear solver control. Click on the black arrow on Numerical and select Time Step Control. This is point for setting time step size during the simulation run. DATE
DTMAX (days)
DTMIN(days)
DTWELL (days)
2014-01-01
1
0.05
1
2014-01-02
3
0.05
1
2014-01-05
6
0.05
1
2014-01-11
10
0.05
1
2014-01-21
30
0.05
1
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Input / Output Control The Input / Output (I/O) Control section controls a number of aspects of simulator data: Titles and Case ID, Run Time Dimensioning, Restart, Simulation Results Output, Text Output, and Miscellaneous. While all of these can be set to default values, you should, as a minimum, enter simulation run titles and a case id. Normally, you will not need to enter anything in the Run Time Dimensioning section; however, if your simulation run terminates with a report of a dimensioning error, you may need to enter dimensioning values to override the simulator defaults. Restart runs are used to break a simulation run into a sequence of (shorter) simulation runs. For example, you could run one simulation for the history portion of a simulation, and then run several forecast runs, each for a different development scenario, without having to repeat the simulation of the historical period. There are many options for controlling the information that is saved from the simulation run. Saving all information leads to very large simulation results files which may fill large hard drives. The Simulation Results Output section allows you to choose the appropriate variables to output to the SR2 file. The data in SR2 files may be viewed and analyzed using CMG Results 3D and Graph. The Text Output section has controls for the variable and information output to the ASCII output and log files. These files may be opened and read in a text editor. INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 The Miscellaneous section has a few controls that don’t fit in any of the other sections.
Titles and Case ID To bring up the Identification dialog box, click the I/O Control button above the tree view, then double-click Titles and Case ID on the tree view. Alternatively, select Titles and Case ID from the IO Control menu. The Identification dialog box will be displayed:
In this dialog box, enter text in the text entry fields. The first Titles field is limited to 40 characters, and the second and third are limited to 80. When the limit is reached, characters entered will no longer be shown in the text entry field. When you have finished the text entry, click OK to accept your changes, or Cancel.
Simulation Results Output The simulation results file is used to control the information that is written to the SR2 file, for later view and analysis with CMG Results 3D and Results Graph. The SR2 file is actually a pair of files with the same root file name and the file extensions *.irf and *.mrf. To open the Simulation Results Output dialog box, click I/O Control in the tree view then double-click Simulation Results Output, or select Simulation Results Output from the IO Control menu:
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The Simulation Results File Writing dialog box is divided into two parts. The Frequency of Simulation Results File Writing section controls how often, in simulation time, different types of information are written. The Items in Simulation Results Files controls what is written. Each control has a simulation Date/Time when it applies, and the control remains in effect until it is overwritten by a later control. The Date/Time when the control comes into effect is indicated in the Date/Time column of the control. Under Items in Simulation Results Files, click on select button for the grid properties. The dialog box shown below appears. Select these simulation variables: o
Pressure (PRES).
o
Gas saturation (SG).
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o
Oil saturation (SO).
o
Water saturation (SW).
o
Viscosity of oil (VISO).
Click OK twice to return to interface below. Now we are ready to validate datasets we just created. All sections must have green mark.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Running the IMEX Dataset (Initialization of Dataset)
Click on validate with IMEX tab and click Yes for any dialog box that appears.
Select Run to view initialization (run one time step).
Click on Run button and wait for some few seconds.
The End of Simulation should be Normal Termination. If your message is Abnormal Termination you must recheck your dataset.
At the bottom, you should get these values as the initial fluids in place in the reservoir. o
Total oil in place STB
0.18348E+09
o
Total water in place
STB
o
Total gas in place SCF
0.32354E+11
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0.78758E+08
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Running the IMEX Dataset
If you are satisfied with the initialization run, Select Run normal immediately radio button to run the simulation till the stopping time we set in Well & Recurrent section.
Click on Run button and wait for some few seconds.
The End of Simulation should be Normal Termination. If your message is Abnormal Termination you must recheck your dataset.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Plotting Simulation Results using RESULTS GRAPH
Click on Launch Results button on Validate / Run Simulator dialog box.
Results package interface opens. Click on File on the menu bar and select Open Results Graph. You should see the figure below.
Click on
In the Origin Type select Field, Parameters select Oil Rate SC and Origins select Default-Field-PRO. Then Click OK.
icon to add a curve.
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Right click inside the graph and select Add curve. This time select Water Rate SC for Parameters and leave the rest. Click OK and you should see the plot below.
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To add a different plot right click inside the graph and select Add Plot to open a new blank page.
Right click inside the blank page and select Add curve.
In the Origin Type select Special History, Parameters select PRES: Average Reservoir Pressure and Origins select PRES: Average Reservoir Pressure. Then Click OK.
Right click inside the blank page and select Add curve.
In the Origin Type select Sector (Region), Parameters select Oil Recovery Factor SCTR and Origins select Entire Field. Then Click OK.
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To add a different plot right click inside the graph and select Add Plot to open a new blank page.
Right click inside the blank page and select Add curve.
In the Origin Type select Well, Parameters select Oil Rate SC and Origins select PRD001. Then Click OK.
Right click inside the blank page and select Add curve.
In the Origin Type select Well, Parameters select Water Rate SC and Origins select PRD001. Then Click OK.
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Repeating a Plot
Select Edit | Plot | Repeat from the menu bar. The Repeat Plots dialog box appears:
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Click OK. Select PRD004.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Plotting Property vs Distance
Click on Edit | Curve | Add Property vs Distance
Select these options as shown. NB: To add different curve for different times, select the time, then click on Add Curve button
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.
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Click OK to plot.
Plotting Flow Property vs Depth.
Click on Edit | Plot | Plot Flow Property vs Depth (PLT).
Select PRD001 and click Ok. Click no if any dialog box appears. Make these selections as shown.
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Click OK.
Right click inside the plot and select Add plot to open a new blank page.
Repeat the process but this time makes these selections.
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Click OK.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Visualizing Simulation Results using RESULTS 3D
Click on File on the menu bar and select Open Results 3D. Change the view from IJ-2D Areal to 3D View (in the upper left corner!!). Select Oil Saturation from the drop down list.
Click on 3D Properties on the top right corner.
Deselect show grid lines.
Under lighting, adjust the Ambient, Diffuse and Specular scale to your desired
choice. Under material properties, adjust the Shininess, Specular reflection and Transparency to your desired choice.
At the top left corner, select Oil Saturation or any properties of your choice from the drop down list. The Click on the play button to view the changes of the property with time in the reservoir.
Click on Tools in the menu bar and select Export to AVI Movie File. The make the following selections and Click Ok. Wait some few seconds to generate the movie file.
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Click on View in the menu bar and select New View. Repeat that three times. Click on Window in the menu bar and select Tile Horizontally.
Click on the Top-Right window and change the properties to Gas Saturation, DownLeft to Water Saturation and Down-Right to Pressure from the drop down list in the upper right corner for properties.
Click on View in the menu bar and select Synchronize Views. Then make the following selections and press OK. Click on the play button to view the changes of the properties with time in the reservoir.
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Maximize the pressure property window and change the view to IJ-2D Areal.
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Right click on PRD004 and select Quick Plot Well. Make these selections and press OK. Remember PRD004 is oil producer.
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Repeat the step above but this time choose Oil Producer Cumulatives.
Right click on PRD004 and select Quick Plot Property. Make these selections and press OK. Remember PRD004 is oil producer.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Effects of Grid Size
Start new Builder file from Launcher by double clicking on builder icon in application icon area. Fill in the information as shown below and click OK twice.
Select I/O Control | Titles and Case ID. Fill in as follows.
Click File |Save and Change the filename to G10x10x4.dat in Main File and click OK to save. Select Reservoir | Create grid | Cartesian and fill in as follows. Click OK to return to main interface.
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Double click on Array Properties under Reservoir in the Model Tree View. Fill in the properties using this data: o Grid Top (Layer 1) : 10000ft o Grid Thickness: Layer 1: 30ft Layer 2: 30ft Layer 3: 30ft Layer 4: 30ft o Porosity: Layer 1: 0.16 Layer 2: 0.13 Layer 3: 0.17 Layer 4: 0.15 o Permeability (I and J): Layer 1: 50md Layer 2: 250md Layer 3: 500md Layer 4: 100md o Permeability K = 0.1 * Permeability I o Rock Compressibility (CPOR) = 4e-6psi-1 o Reference pressure (PRPOR) = 4000psi
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Click on File | Import from another file |Components Properties. Select the file simModel.dat if it is in the same folder as the current builder file else browse to the folder is located in and click Open. The Components section should be green now. This how to copy component properties from another IMEX input file. Click on Rock-Fluid | Create / Edit Rock Types. Click on the arrow near Rock Type and select Import and Average Rock Type from the drop down list.
Click on Tools | Read Another Simulation Data File and Extract Rock Fluid Data.
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Select the file simModel.dat if it is in the same folder as the current builder file else browse to the folder is located in and click Open. The following plot appears.
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Click on Next |Finish | OK. The following table should appear.
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Click Apply | OK and the Rock-Fluid section should be green now.
Click the Initial Conditions tab on the tree view of Builder.
Double click on Initial Conditions.
Select Water, Oil, and Gas as the initial fluid in the reservoir to perform a GravityCapillary Equilibrium Calculation.
Type the following values in the available fields: o 4000 (psi implied) in the Reference Pressure window o
10007 (ft. implied) in the Reference Depth window
o
10105 (ft. implied) in the Water-Oil Contact window
o
6496 (ft. implied) in the Gas-Oil Contact window
o
943 (psi implied) in Constant Bubble Point Pressure (PB) window
Initial condition section should be green now.
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Click on the black arrow on Numerical and select Time Step Control. This is point for setting time step size during the simulation run. Make sure you save your work now. DATE
DTMAX (days)
DTMIN(days)
DTWELL (days)
2014-01-01
1
0.05
1
2014-01-02
3
0.05
1
2014-01-05
6
0.05
1
2014-01-11
10
0.05
1
2014-01-21
30
0.05
1
Repeat the wells and recurrent section for the previous example. This case the well locations are: o
INJ001: 1 1 1- 4
o
INJ002: 30 1 1- 4
o
INJ003: 30 30 1- 4
o
INJ004: 1 30 1- 4
o
PRD001: 5 5 1- 4
o
PRD002: 7 3 1- 4
o
PRD003: 7 4 1- 4
o
PRD004: 5 8 1- 4
Add range of dates under well and recurrent section from 2014-01-01 to 2019-07-01.
Validate with IMEX and compare results of Initial fluids in place with the previous case simModel.dat.
Run normally and launch results.
Results Comparison with Result Graph.
Go to launcher. In the File list drag and drop G10x10x4.irf onto Results Graph in Application icon area.
Go to File|Open CMG Simulation Results and select simModel.irf.
Right click inside the plot area and select Add curve. This time select Add from multiple open files options (for comparisons of different cases in a single plot).
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Click OK. Select the files you want to compare and click OK.
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The graph shown should appear. This tutorial demonstrates the effect of the grid block size on the simulation results. The exercises at the end of the tutorial will shed more light into this.
To save the plot, select File | Save Image. Rename the file to save at Base File Name and select the format to save the image at Image File Format. Click OK to save.
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Homogenous and Heterogeneous Example Copy simModel.dat and paste twice. Name the first file HM.dat and the second file HT.dat. Drag and drop HM.dat in File list onto Builder in Application icon to open. Click on Specify Property in the open builder window and change the porosity and permeability values to a constant value for the whole reservoir. To do that we find the arithmetic average of the porosity and permeability in the heterogeneous example (HT.dat). o
∅=
0.16 + 0.13+0.17+0.15 4
o
𝑘=
50+250+500+100 4
= 0.1525
= 225𝑚𝑑
Under Whole Grid enter the average for permeability and porosity.
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Click OK twice. Go to File | Exit. Save the file when prompt messages pops up. Go to Launcher. Drag and drop HM.dat onto IMEX icon. Select Run immediately.
Click OK to run.
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Repeat the same procedure to run HT.dat. Close the black screens at the end of the run. End of Simulation should be normal termination. Drag and drop HM.irf onto Results Graph to open. Compare the oil rate, water rate and average reservoir pressure using results graph.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Pressure Transient Testing Problem:
Consider a well located at the center of a closed circular drainage area of radius = 8000 ft. The well was put on production at a constant flow rate of 4000 STB/D for 4 days and then shut-in for another 4 days. Objective: To simulate drawdown and buildup tests.
Procedure:
Run the simulator using 20 radial grid cells and a starting time step size of 1.0x104 days to obtain the numerical results.
Repeat the same calculations with variable Cartesian grid system. Prepare a drawdown and buildup graphs (semi-log). Plot the pressure distribution during the drawdown period at t = 0.01, 0.1, and 4 days, and during the buildup period at t = 4.01, 4.1, and 8 days on a semi-log graph. Compare the results obtained using the radial and Cartesian systems (Home work). NB: use dimensions of 41 x 41 x 1. DI 2082.4 1471.3 1039.5 734.4 518.9 366.6 259.0 183.0 129.3 91.3 64.5 45.6 32.2 22.8 16.1 11.4 8.0 5.7 4.0 2.8 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.7 8.0 11.4 16.1 22.8 32.2 45.6 64.5 91.3 129.3 183.0 259.0 366.6 518.9 734.4 1039.5 1471.3 2082.4 DJ 2082.4 1471.3 1039.5 734.4 518.9 366.6 259.0 183.0 129.3 91.3 64.5 45.6 32.2 22.8 16.1 11.4 8.0 5.7 4.0 2.8 2.0 2.8 4.0 5.7 8.0 11.4 16.1 22.8 32.2 45.6 64.5 91.3 129.3 183.0 259.0 366.6 518.9 734.4 1039.5 1471.3 2082.4 INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 DK
90 Plot well oil production rate, water production rate and BHP.
Fluid Properties PRESSURE RS (psi) (Ft3/bbl) 14.7 0 264.7 170 514.7 325 764.7 468 1014.7 500 1514.7 650 2014.7 730 2514.7 790 3014.7 854 3200 3400 3600 3800 4014.7
BOIL 1.008 1.086 1.147 1.204 1.26 1.338 1.377 1.428 1.474 1.471 1.469 1.464 1.459 1.477
BGAS (Bbl./Mft3) 180 10.5 6.4 4.2 3.3 2.4 2.1 1.7 1.54
VISO (cp) 2.96 2.47 2.24 2.04 1.84 1.52 1.25 1 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82
VISG (cp) 0.0109 0.0115 0.0126 0.0138 0.0153 0.0162 0.017 0.0174 0.0177
Water-oil Relative Permeability Table SW KRW KRO PCOW 0.1 0 1 10 0.15 0.006 0.86 5 0.2 0.012 0.75 3 0.3 0.041 0.435 1.8 0.4 0.092 0.23 1 0.5 0.152 0.094 0.24 0.6 0.222 0.012 0.2 0.75 0.28 0 0 0.8 0.35 0 0 1 1 0 0 Gas-oil Relative Permeability Table 0 0 1 0 0.01 0 0.81 0 0.08 0.03 0.55 0 0.12 0.07 0.4 0 0.19 0.118 0.178 0 0.28 0.22 0.108 0 0.37 0.38 0.02 0 0.42 0.42 0 0 INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 0.57 0.9
0.58 0.8
0 0
0 0
Water PVT Properties.
Ref Pressure:
2784.7psi
Bw:
1.01
Cw:
3.00E-6psi-1
Visw:
0.7cp
Rock Compressibility:
4e-6@ 2784.7psi
Oil-water-contact:
7500ft.
Gas-oil-contact:
6000ft.
Reference depth:
7000ft.
Reference pressure:
2784.7psi
Well radius:
0.6ft
Skin factor:
+2.5
Minimum BHP:
1000psi
Porosity:
0.2
Top depth:
7000ft.
Permeability:
120md
Reservoir temperature:
150F
Oil density:
52 lb/ft3
Water density:
62.6 lb/ft3
Gas density:
0.066 lb/ft3
Building Radial Model using Builder Double click on Builder in Application icon area in Launcher. Make the following selections o
Simulator:
IMEX
o
Working Units: Field
o
Porosity:
Single Porosity
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 o
Date:
2014-01-01
Click OK twice. Click on Reservoir | Create grid | Radial (Cylindrical). o
R-divisions:
30
o
Theta-divisions:
1
o
K-divisions:
1
o
Inner radius:
0.3ft
o
Seep:
360
Click on Calculate suggested gridblock widths from above.
Click OK. Enter the following by double clicking on array properties. o
Grid Top:
7000ft
o
Grid Thickness: 90ft
o
Porosity:
0.2
o
Permeability:
120md
Enter the rock compressibility data. Click on Components | Model. Select None of the above. Launch detailed dialog. INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 In the Model dialog select Black Oil from model drop down list.
Click on PVT Regions Tab. Make sure you change the table uses from EG to BG. Enter the PVT table provided in the question and click Apply.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Click on the General Folder and enter the required data as provided in the question.
Click Apply. Click on Undersaturated Data tab. Select BOT Tables and click on Insert Table. Copy and paste Pressure vrs. Bo in the table. Repeat the same thing for Pressure vs. Viscosity.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Click on Rock-Fluid | Create/ Edit rock types. Create new rock type. Deselect imbibition option. Copy and paste the water-oil relative permeability data in the table and Click Apply. Double click on Dates. Click on add range of days and change the options to days. Select 2014-01-09 as last date. Since we are simulating for 8days. Save your file as pressureTesting.dat.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Select Liquid-gas Table from the drop-down list and change the saturation option to gas saturation. Deselect imbibition curve option. Copy and paste gas-oil relative permeability table. Click Apply and OK. Enter initialization data. Create a new production well and named it WELLTEST. The well is located at the center of the model. Set the constraints as shown.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Click OK. Enter the well completion, skin and well radius by double clicking on perforation under well in model tree view. Double click on wells under well and recurrent in model tree view. Select constraints and click on the calendar icon and make the following selections
Click on constraint definition box and change the oil rate target to 0 bbl/day. INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Click Apply and OK. Validate with IMEX and launch results. Export the data to excel to make the plots for drawdown and Build up. Compare the results of the Cartesian and radial coordinates (Home Work).
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Water Coning Problem:
Consider a well located in the center of a radial system (4000 ft radius). The pay zone thickness is 150 ft. The well is producing 1500 STB/D with minimum bottom hole pressure of 1300 psi.
Objectives: To optimize the completion of a vertical well to minimize the water cut To maximize the oil recovery for a well producing above the critical rate.
Procedure: Make simulation runs with different completions assuming that the pay zone composed of 30 layers each of them is 5 feet thick. Plot the oil recovery and water cut as a function of time, and oil recovery as a function of water cut for the different completion cases considered Identify the completion that maximizes the oil recovery in 20 years’ time such that the water cut does not exceed 0.70 by plotting the oil recovery as a function of completion thickness Plot the oil recovery as a function of completion thickness at the end of 20 years on the same graph as (3) Suggest a completion or production scheme that will increase the recovery and still meet the water cut requirement.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Building the Model Using Builder.
Make a copy of pressureTesting.dat and rename it waterConning.dat. Open the file using builder. Click on Reservoir | create grid | radial (Cylindrical) and make the following changes.
Click OK. Double click on the array properties and enter the data as shown.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Click OK. Click on the probe mode. Select Reservoir | Create / Aquifers select bottom aquifer.
Click OK and enter the following data.
Click Apply and OK. Click on initialization and click Apply and OK.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014
Under wells & recurrent create new wells and enter the following constraints.
Click OK. Add perforation and location. (1 1 1-7). Add range of dates for 20 years. Validate with IMEX.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
Page 69
CMG-IMEX TUTORIALS 2014 Critical Rate Problem:
Consider a vertical well located in a cylindrical grid system and a horizontal well is modeled using Cartesian grid system.
Objective: To simulate water coning. To determine the critical production rate using vertical and horizontal wells.
Procedure Divide the oil zone into 25 simulation layers. Use small grid cells close to the horizontal well. Assume the horizontal well is penetrating the whole width of the drainage area. Therefore only one grid cell is needed in the y-direction. Make simulation runs with different oil production rates for the vertical and horizontal wells. Run the vertical well with completion interval from layers 1 to 4 and the horizontal well case with the well completed in layer 4. Plot the water production rate and water cut as a function of time for the different rate and completion cases considered. Identify the oil production rate at which the water cut increases dramatically. Compare the results obtained with the vertical and horizontal wells and discuss the advantages if any of the horizontal well.
INSTRUCTOR: NAJMUDEEN SIBAWEIHI
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