simple and compound sentences

Sentence Structure: Sentence Types

Sent Se nten ence ce Typ ypes es • Simple • Compound • Complex • CompoundComplex

Basic Elements of Every Sentence

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Basic Elements SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Mary

plays tennis. tennis.

Simple Sentence

Simple Sentence •

A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.

Simple Sentence Observe how a simple sentence s entence is constructed:

We went to San Juan yesterday. yester day.

Simple Sentence Pronoun

Verb

Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan .

Simple subject

Complete predicate

SIMPLE SENTENCE SUBJECT

PREDICATE

Mary

plays tennis.

one subject

one predicate

Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary

Compound Subject &

play tennis.

Simple Sentence

Tom and Mary

Compound Subject &

play tennis and swim.

Compound Predicate &

SIMPLE SENTENCE it! compound su"#ect

Tom and Mary play tennis.

SIMPLE SENTENCE it! compound su"#ect and compound predicate Tom and  Mary  Mary play tennis and  swim.

Compound Sentence

Compound Sentence •

A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand alone (independent (independe nt clauses).

• Independent clauses are connected

by

coordinating

conjunctive colon.

adverbs

conjunctions , conjunctions, or

a

semi-

Compound Sentence

We went to San Juan, and most of us danced all night.

Compound Sentence Subject

Verb

Prepositional phrase

We went to San Juan, Predicate

Coordinating Conjunction

and most of us danced all night . Subject

Verb

Modifying phrase

Compound Sentence $se of Coordinatin% Con#unctions SUBJECT

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

PREDICATE

Compound Sentence Tom

swims,

and

Mary

plays tennis.

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, swims, and and Mary  Mary plays tennis. Clause 1 Independent

Clause 2 Independent

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Tom swims, swims, and Mary plays tennis. Comma before “and” in compound sentences!

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

MOREOVER HOWEVER OTHERWISE THEREFORE

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; handsome; moreover, he is rich. Clause 1 Independent

Clause 2 Independent

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

Bob is handsome; handsome; moreover , he is rich.

Note: Semicolon before conjunctive adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!

Con#unctive (dver"s )*oat+ • Con#unctive adver"s are sometimes called )*oatin%+ adver"s "ecause t!ey can "e positioned at t!e "e%innin%, in t!e middle, or at t!e end of a clause

C&N.$NCTI/E ('/E0B:  AT  A T THE BEGINNING, IN THE THE MIDDLE,A MIDDLE, AT THE END Bob is handsome; handsome; moreover, he moreover, he is rich. Bob is handsome; he is, is , moreover , rich.  Bob is handsome; he is rich, rich , moreover .

Semicolons • )If t!e relation "eteen t!e ideas expressed in t!e main clauses is very close and o"vious it!out a con#unction, you can separate t!e clauses it! a semicolon+ 1Little, 1 Little, Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p. 361).

C&MP&$N' SENTENCE: SEMICOLON

Tom has benefited from his exercise program;; he is slim and energetic . program

2 T! T!e e "e "ell ll ra ran% n% 3 Brid%e Brid%ett ran t!e 4rst part of t!e t!e race, race, and Tara Tara "i5ed t!e secon second d part part 6 7e stan stands ds at t!e "ot "ottom tom of t!e t!e cli89 cli89 !oever, t!e clim"er moves up t!e roc5  T!e s5i s5ier er tur turned ned and #um #umped ped

(nsers 2 Simple 3 Compound 6 Compound  Simple

0eferences Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley, Longman, 1999. The Little, Brown Handbook , by H. Ramsey Fowler and Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.