Silk Production

NOTE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN SILK INDUSTRY & FUNCTIONING OF CENTRAL SILK BOARD

CENTRAL SILK BOARD BANGALORE – 560 068 18th March 2013

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S e r ic u l tu re I n d us t r y INTRODUCTION:

Silk is the most elegant textile in the world with unparalleled grandeur, natural sheen, and inherent affinity for dyes, high absorbance, light weight, soft touch and high durability and known as the “Queen of Textiles” the world over. On the other hand, it stands for livelihood opportunity for millions owing to high employment oriented, low capital intensive and remunerative nature of its production. The very nature of this industry with its rural based on-farm and off-farm activities and enormous employment generation potential has attracted the attention of the planners and policy makers to recognize the industry among one of the most appropriate avenues for socio-economic development of a largely agrarian economy like India. Silk has been intermingled with the life and culture of the Indians. India has a rich and complex history in silk production and its silk trade dates back to 15th century. Sericulture industry provides employment to approximately 7.56 million persons in rural and semi-urban areas in India. Of these, a sizeable number of workers belongs to the economically weaker sections of society, including women. India’s traditional and culture bound domestic market and an amazing diversity of silk garments that reflect geographic specificity have helped the country to achieve a leading position in silk industry. India has the unique distinction of being the only country producing all the five known commercial silks, namely, mulberry, tropical tasar, oak tasar, eri and muga, of which muga with its golden yellow glitter is unique and prerogative of India. WORLD RAW SILK PRODUCTION: Country/Year China India Japan Brazil Korea Republic Uzbekistan Thailand Vietnam Others Total

Silk Production in M.Ts 2010 2011 115000 104000 20410 23060 53 44 770 558

2007 108420 18320 105 1220

2008 98620 18370 95 1177

2009 104000 19690 90 811

150

135

135

135

135

950 760 750 500

865 1100 680 350

750 665 550 304

2448 655 550 30

2448 655 550 28.5

131175

121392

126995

140051

131479

Note: Figures of India is for financial year April to March Source :ISC web-site update as on July,2011

As may be seen from the above world raw silk production was about 1, 31,479 MT in 2011. China leads the world with silk production of 1, 04,000 MT or 79.1% of the produce. India is the second largest producer of silk in the world and has 17.5% share in global raw silk production. All the countries except China and India have been witnessing a declining trend in raw silk production in the last two decades. 2

PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF RAW SILK:

Production of raw silk in India was 23,060 MT in 2011-12, of which, mulberry raw silk output aggregated to 18,272 MT (79.24%). The remaining 4,788 MT (20.76%) was Vanya silks. Mulberry sericulture is mainly practiced in five states namely, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir jointly account for about 97% of the total mulberry silk production in the country. India is the largest consumer of raw silk in the world. As the consumption of raw silk (around 28,733 MT) exceeds the production, the additional requirement of around 5,700 MT of silk (particularly bivoltine mulberry silk of international quality) is imported mainly from China. PRODUCTIVITY OF RAW SILK:

As may be seen from the table below, area under sericulture has increased to 1,81,089 Ha in 2011-12 compared to 1,70,314 Ha in 2010-11. Year-wise incremental in the mulberry area during XI Plan is marginal, which is due to rapid urbanization in the sericulture belts, increase in input costs, labour problems, drought in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, and frequent price fluctuations. Though the area under sericulture has fallen significantly, the productivity levels in mulberry cocoon as well as in raw silk have been steadily improving. The main reasons behind increase in productivity are adoption of higher leaf yielding mulberry varieties, improved silkworm hybrids and better technologies in silkworm rearing and silk reeling. Details of mulberry and Vanya raw silk production along with mulberry productivity during XI plan is given below.

Year

Mulberry Plantation (Ha)

Production (mulberry)

Cocoon (MT) 2007-08 184928 132038 2008-09 177943 124838 2009-10 183773 131661 2010-11 170314 130714 2011-12 181089 139871 2012-13* 191903 112500 *Provisional April to January-2013)

Raw Silk (MT 16245 15610 16322 16360 18272 13991

Vanya Raw Silk (MT)

Total Raw Silk (MT

2075 2760 3368 4050 4788 3895

18320 18370 19690 20410 23060 17887

Productivity of mulberry raw silk (kg/ha) Raw Cocoon silk 713.99 87.84 701.56 87.73 716.43 88.82 767.49 90.20 772.39 93.00 -

During 2012-13 (April- Jan’13), raw silk production in the country was 17,887 MTcompared to 17,483 MT in 2011-12 with a increase of 2.3% The mulberry raw silk production in the country was 13,991 MT in 2012-13 compared to 14,153 MT in 2011-12 with a decrease of 1.1%. However, there was significant increase in Vanya production in the country during April–Jan’13, when compared to 2011-12.The % of increase in Vanya production was around 17%.

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RAW SILK IMPORTS: The quantity and value of raw silk imported during XI Plan is given below: Quantity Value (MT) (Rs.In Crores) 2007-08 7922 734.44 2008-09 8392 903.06 2009-10 7338 933.70 2010-11 5820 927.59 2011-12 5683 1111.53 2012-13 *P 3854 952.08 Source: DGCIS, Kolkata *April to December -2012 P-provisional Year

EXPORTS: During 2010-11, export earnings have reached to Rs 2863.76 crore and indicated a marginal decrease of 1 % compared to export s of Rs 2892.44 crore during 2009-10. However, during 2011-12, export earnings have reached to Rs. 2353.33 crore and indicated a decrease of 17.82 % compared to 2010-11. Due to global recession, economic melt down, weakening of Indian Rupee against US $ (which makes import of raw silk expensive), higher production cost (due to increase in input costs) and tough competition from China have affected the export earnings during last three years. As a result there was a slump in silk goods exports to top destination viz., USA and Europe Region from 2007-08 onwards. The provisional export of Rs.1663.67crore was achieved during April- December period of the year 2012-13 as compared to corresponding period of the year 2011-12 which was Rs 1683.21 crore. PERFORMANCE OF SERICULTURE SECTOR DURING XI PLAN: Particulars Mulberry Plantation Area (Lakh Ha)

2007-08

2008-09

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12(p)

2012-13 * P

1.85

1.78

1.84

1.70

1.81

1.92

1,175 15,070 16,245

1,250 14,360 15,610

1,200 15,122 16,322

1,400 14,960 16,360

1,685 16,587 18,272

1,300 1,2691 1,3991

428 1,530 117 2,075

603 2,038 119 2,760

803 2,460 105 3,368

1,166 2,760 124 4,050

1,590 3,072 126 4,788

1,469 2,320 106 3,895

18,320

18,370

19,690

20,410

23,060

17,887

61.20

63.10

68.17

72.50

75.60

-

Production of Raw Silk (in MTs) Mulberry

Bivoltine Crossbreed Total (Mulberry) Vanya Silk

Tasar Eri Muga Total (Vanya) Total raw silk Prodn.

(mulb+vanya) Employment Generation (lakh persons)

2,727.87 3,178.19 2,892.44 2,863.76 2353.33 Exports (in Cr.Rs.) P-Provisional (* refers to April to January-2013) (** refers to April to December -2012

1663.67**

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EMPLOYMENT GENERATION: In the year 2011-12 it is provisionally estimated that employment generation in the country is raised to 7.56 million persons compared to 7.25 million persons in 2010-11, indicating a growth of 4.3 %. ANTI DUMPING DUTY ON RAW SILK & SILK FABRICS: Raw Silk: During the year 2001-02 there was large scale dumping of Chinese Raw silk into the country de-stabilizing the Indian silk Industry. In order to safeguard the interest of the domestic silk industry against the cheap imports, a petition was filed by CSB with Directorate General of Antidumping & Allied Duties(DGAD). The petition was filed on behalf of various silk reelers Associations along with the State Governments of Karnataka, Andhra Pardesh & Tamilnadu for imposition of antidumping duty on raw silk imported from China P.R. Considering the merits of the case, the antidumping duty was imposed during January,2003 (for a period of 5 years) on raw silk of 2A grade & below imported from China on the cheap imports with a reference price of US$27.27/kg. The antidumping duty so imposed was in force until Jan-2008. Subsequently, a sunset review has been taken up for continuation of anti dumping duty on import of raw silk. Accordingly, antidumping duty has been further continued with an enhanced reference price of US$ 37.32 per Kg. and the same will be effective till January-2014. Silk Fabrics: During the year 2002-03, it has also been brought to the notice of the Central Silk Board that a large scale dumping of silk fabrics was taken place from China PR creating a situation wherein, large number of powerloom silk weavers of Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat were displaced since they had to shut their looms. These goods were being dumped by the Chinese exporters. Central Silk Board in associations with the various silk Powerloom Weavers’ Associations situated in Karnataka, Gujarat & Uttar Pradesh field a petition with the Director General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD), Ministry of Commerce(GOI) during September 2004. After investigations the DGAD, vide GOI Gazette Notification No.256. dated 16th November-2006 has imposed antidumping duty on silk fabrics (20-100 gms) imported from China P.R. The final duty has been imposed taking into consideration the dumping margin range from 42% to 77%. The reference price-range on the fabric weight ranging from 20 to 100 Gms.per meter indicating a reference price ranging between US$1.662 and US$ 4.526 per meter. Any silk fabric imported from China R P below these reference prices attracted Antidumping Duty. The duty so imposed was in force till Dec-2011. Further, based on the request of the CSB & the domestic power loom silk weaving industry a sunset review application for continued imposition of antidumping duty for another term of 5 years was filed. Considering this, The Directorate General of Antidumping & Allied Duties (DGAD) had extended the 5

imposition of antidumping duty for another term of 5 years till December2016. Increase in basic Custom Duty on silk imports: The Govt. of India during its Budget announcement for 2013-14 has announced increase in the basic custom duty on silk imports from the existing level of 5% to 15% in order to help the silk industry. Earlier during 2011 the Govt. has reduced the custom duty on silk imports from 30% to only 5%, due to which the price of cocoon and raw silk came down drastically. Now the prices have improved and this is seen as a welcome measure for sericulture farmers. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT: The Central Silk Board has a network of Research and Development Institutes with a network of Regional Sericulture Research Stations and Research Extension Centers throughout the Country to provide necessary research and development support to the Industry. The technology developed by R&D Institutes of CSB have been popularized among the farmers to maximize yield and returns which in turn in bringing out vertical growth of the Industry. Due to R&D intervention the raw silk productivity has increased from 87.84 kg/ha (2007-08) to 90.90 kg/ha (2011-12), Renditta ( Nos. of kg of cocoons required to produce 1 kg silk) has reduced from 8.13 (2007-08) to 7.66 (2011-12). Mulberry varieties authorized: During XI Plan Victory-1(V1) & ANANTA- South Zone, VISHALA for all over India: Silkworm Hybrid authorized: During XI Plan

Bivoltine Hybrids Sl. No.

Hybrid

Progenitor

Date of Auth’n

1

Dun17 x Dun18

RSRS, Sahaspur

16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010

2

GEN3 x GEN2

CSR&TI, Mysore

3

CSR 46 x CSR47

CSR&TI, Mysore

4

SLD4 x SLD8

SSBS, Coonoor, TN

16/04/ 2010

4

APS 45 x APS12

APSSRDI, Hindupur

5

APS105 x APS 126 APSSRDI, Hindupur

6

KSO1x NP4

KSSRDI, Bangalore

7

NK2 x NP4

KSSRDI, Bangalore

16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010

States/ Regions/ zones

Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka West Bengal (Hills) Assam Andhra Pradesh, TN, WB (Hills), Assam, Kashmir Valley Utharakhand, Himachal Pradesh, UP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh,TN, Orissa, WB (Hills), Assam, Mizoram Karnataka,Andhra Pradesh, TN (Hills), WB(Hills), Assam, Mizoram, Kashmir Valley TN (Hills), Jammu Region Andhra Pradesh, TN (Hills), WB (Hills) Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu Region Assam, Jammu Region

Yield/100 dfls(kg)

68-70 65-70 65-70

65-70

64-70 60-70 60-70 60-70

6

Multivoltine X Bivoltine Sl. No

Hybrid

Progenitor

Date of Authorizatio n

1

PM x CSR2(SL)

CSR&TI, Mysore

16/04/ 2010

2

Mcon1 x Bcon4

CSR&TI, Berhampore

16/04/ 2010

3

Mcon4 x Bcon4 APM3 x APS12 APM2 x APDR105 APDR15 x APDR115 MH1 x CSR2

CSR&TI, Berhampore APSSRDI, Hindupur APSSRDI, Hindupur APSSRDI, Hindupur KSSRDI, Bangalore

16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010

4 5 6 7

States/ Regions/ zones

UP, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, TN(Plains), WB(Plains), Assam, Jharkhand, Manipur Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, WB (Plains), TN (Plains), Jharkhand WB(Plains), Orissa, Jharkhand, Assam UP, Karnataka, WB, Jharkhand, UP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, TN, WB Plains Karnataka, WB Plains, Jharkhand, UP, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, TN(Plains), WB, Orissa, Assam

Yield/100 Dfls)(kg)

55-60

45

50 66-70 55-60 60-65 60-65

Multivoltine Mulberry Silkworm Hybrids Sl. No

3

Progenitor Hybrid

4

Mcon1x Mcon4 N x Mcon4

5

PM x C110

CSR&TI, Berhampore CSR&TI, Berhampore KSSRDI Bangalore

Date of Authorizatio n

16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010 16/04/ 2010

States/ Regions/ zones

Yield/ 100 dfls (Kg)

Andhra Pradesh, 35-40 Karnataka, TN, WB Andhra Pradesh, TN 35-40 (Plains), WB WB 40-45

Activities of Central Silk Board Financial Progress: The Table below indicates the financial performance of the Central Sector and Centrally sponsored Plan Programmes implemented by Central Silk Board during X, XI and during the First year of XII Plan.

#

Particulars

1 2 3

Outlay Expenditure Achievement (%)

(Rs. in crores) Achievement during X Plan XI Plan XII Plan 526.99 1059.40 1269.00 534.95 1059.40 233.06 101.51 100 % 18.4 %

* Provisional Expenditure from April to February 2013

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The table below indicates year-wise financial performance of the Central Silk Board during the XI Plan and XII plan (April 2012 to February 2013 ). (Rs. in crores) XII Plan 2012-13 2012-13 Allocation Expenditure Expenditure Allocation XI Plan

BUDGET HEADS

(Apr to Feb 2013)

Non PLAN Administrative Expenses of Central Silk Board Development of Silk Industry Total PLAN Administrative Expenses of Central Silk Board Development of Silk Industry/CDP

831.90

831.90

190.50

233.23

77.95

77.95

19.00

19.00

909.85

909.85

209.50

252.23

41.71

37.15

670.00

142.40

132.11

271.40

73.89

63.80

1059.40 1969.25

258.00 467.50

233.06 485.29

118.00 670.00

Projects/Schemes 271.40 of North-Eastern States Total 1059.40 Grand Total 1969.25

118.00

PLAN PROGRAMMES: Financial Allocation and Expenditure incurred by CSB towards implementation of major Schemes and Programmes of CSB during the XII Plan are given below: (Rs. in crores) XI Plan XI Plan 2012-13* Allocation 2012-13 # Programmes of CSB Expenditure Expenditure 2007 to Allocation 2007 to 2012 (Apr-Feb,13) 2012 Research, Development, 1 144.55 144.6 35.64 19.26 Training & I T Initiatives Seed 78.36 78.31 17.42 16.88 2 Organisation/HRD Quality Certification 14.75 14.75 3.05 3.05 3 System Catalytic 821.74 821.74 201.89 193.87 Development 4 Programme (CDP) Grand Total *Provisional Expd.

1059.40

1059.40

258.00

233.06

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Physical progress of R &D institutes of CSB: The main Research & Training Institute of CSB provides R&D and Training support for the development of sericulture. The Institutes at Mysore (Karnataka) Berhampore (West Bengal) and Pampore (J&K) deals with mulberry sericulture whereas CTR&TI, Ranchi (Jharkhand) deals with Tasar culture. The institute established at Ladoigarh, Jorhat (Assam) deals with Muga and Eri-culture. Regional Sericulture Research Station (RSRS / RTRS) for mulberry and non mulberry has been functioning for the dissemination of research findings and for tackling the regional field issues of the industry. Besides, a network of Research Extension Centres (RECs) & its sub units for mulberry and non mulberry are also functioning to provide extension support to sericulturists. In order to provide R&D support in post cocoon sector, the Board has established Central Silk Technological Research Institute (CSTRI) at Bangalore. In addition, the CSB has also set up a Silkworm Seed Technology Laboratory, (SSTL) at Bangalore (Karnataka), Central Sericultural Germplasm Resources Centre (CSGRC) at Hosur (Tamil Nadu) and Seri-Biotech Research Laboratory (SBRL) at Bangalore. During XI Plan 120 technologies were developed and out of that 60 technologies were disseminated, 36 technologies were commercialized and 10 technologies were patented and 10959 extension programmes were organized. HIGHLIGHTS DURING 2012-13 (XII Plan ) During 2012-13, 53 Research projects are continued, 29 new Research projects have been initiated and 18 research projects were concluded till Feburary-2013 resulting in dissemination of 7 viable technologies, out of that 3 have been filed for patenting. The major achievements are as follows •

Development and popularization of high yielding superior quality leaf producing mulberry varieties like, V-1, S-36, S-13 and a few varieties for sub-optimal conditions like RC1, RC2 and Sahana for intercropping with coconut plantation.

•

Development of improved mulberry cultivation package based on IndoJapanese paired row system and supported by efficient disease and pest management products and growth promoting products like Chetak, Navinya, etc.

•

Developed INM & IPM packages based on biological inputs to maintain soil health and manage the pest menace in mulberry without much use of chemicals.

•

Development of a good number of improved bivoltine and multivoltine silkworm hybrids like CSR2 x CSR4, CSR2 x CSR5, CSR18 x CSR19 and double hybrids ((CSR6 x CSR26) x (CSR2 x CSR27)) besides a very robust and high yielding multi x bi hybrid, PM x CSR2 which is very popular among the farmers.

•

Developed complete package of practices for tropical bivoltine silkworm rearing technology including effective disinfectants like Sanitech, Vijetha, Amruth, Asthra, etc. and also developed separate rearing house models.

•

Developed Commercial Chawki Rearing Technology with 32 crop schedule per year which is highly successful and popularized. 9

•

Developed IPM package for management of pests of mulberry like tukra, leaf roller and papaya mealy bug and uzifly in silkworm.

•

The technologies developed were demonstrated and popularized successfully through major ToT programmes like PEBS (JICA), IVLP and recently CPP which covered more than 10,000 farmers with distribution of more than 1.5 crore dfls and recording over 63 kg per 100 DFLs bivoltine cocoon yield which was about 30% improvement over the bench mark yield.

•

High yielding and early sprouting mulberry varieties were selected and its performance was evaluated.

•

Unified package of practices for mulberry was developed. Gosheorami was found to be the best suitable variety (22823kgs/ha/year) and popularized in the field under temperate climate.

•

With the introduction of the new mulberry varieties and silkworm hybrids, the national average of raw silk productivity touched 90 kg/ha/year.

•

Succeeded in developing a long term preservation schedule (up to 50 days) for the multivoltine x bivoltine seed (PM x CSR2).

•

Tetraploid genotype of Terminalia arjuna was developed. Ten superior accessions of T arjuna (6) and T. tomentosa (4) were isolated as superior variety and its large scale multiplication has been conducted at field level.

•

Protocol for vegetative propagation of host plants through cuttings has been developed. The protocol enables raising of plantlets from stem cuttings with a success rate of about 80%.

•

Leaf yield increasing nutrient, secondary nutrient combination (SM5) were developed. The combination of SM5 increased the quality leaf yield by 27.45% in T.arjuna and 26.55% in T.tomentosa with significant improvement in cocoon characters.

•

Integrated farming system were developed and net income from the system ranges from Rs.23, 000 to 41,000/ha with additional income of Rs.4000-18000/- per hectare from intercropping of the leguminous crops.

•

Semi-synthetic diet for young age rearing (Tasar Amrith) developed. Chawki worms were reared in indoor condition.

•

Botanical formulation- Jeevan Sudha was developed. It reduced the tasar silkworm virosis by 36.54% under outdoor rearing with improvement of cocoon yield by 10-12 cocoons/dfl.

•

New eco-friendly disinfectant consisting of Tri sodium orthophosphate, Urea and Slaked lime (2:1:1) was developed.

•

Twin Charkha was utilized for dry reeling as well as wet reeling of tasar cocoons and also used as re-reeling. Its production capacity is around 1 kg per day of fine raw silk (60/70 denier) by working of 3 persons and silk recovery is 62%. The income per person per day can be increased up to Rs.154.

was

10

•

Organic manure based farming system for muga host plant has been developed which is cost effective technology with a cost benefit ratio of 1: 1.63.

•

Phyto-blighton has been evolved for management of leaf blight disease of Soalu.

•

Muga seed cocoons preservation technique (up to 42 days during summer and up to 62 days during winter) has been developed.

•

Hormonal regulation technology for muga silkworm has been developed to increase in fecundity.

•

A tetraploid variety of Som has been evolved through polyploidy that is superior in terms of nutritional and rearing performance than diploid variety.

•

Characterized 26 eco-races of eri silkworm based on descriptor. Compiled and published a monograph as documentation. The Eri Host Germplasm is maintained at CMER&TI, GCC, Chenijan and RERS, Mendipathar.

•

Designed multi-end reeling machines capable of producing raw silk of 2A grade and above.

•

Designed and developed automatic conveyor cooking machine for medium scale reeling establishments.

•

Designed and developed dupion silk reeling machine to produce superior grade dupion silk.

•

Process for eri mill spinning was standardized.

•

Designed and developed improved silk handloom, Ball to Beam warping machine, Hank to pirn winder for handloom sector.

•

Tasar silk wet reeling package was developed.

•

A technique for development of fancy yarns from Spun silk was developed.

•

Low cost 10 basin multiend reeling machine with 8 ends / basin has been developed for mulberry silk reeling.

•

Introduced solar water heating system along with mini boiler for cooking and reeling for multi-end reeling unit.

•

Eight ends multiend reeling unit suitable for tasar and muga cocoon reeling with individual break stop motion capable of producing superior quality yarn with higher productivity has been developed.

•

A low cost solar operated spinning machine suitable for spinning all types of non-mulberry wastes and also mulberry waste into good quality yarn with higher productivity has been developed.

•

A twin shuttle loom has been designed and developed specifically for the requirement of North Eastern states to weave simultaneously two narrow width fabrics.

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L14 x CSR2: An improved Cross Breed with superior quality L14 x CSR2, is a Multi x Bivoltine hybrid developed by CSR&TI, Mysore. This silkworm hybrid has 96.0% pupation, 1.971g cocoon weight, 21.5 SR%, 1008 m filament length, 16.58 raw silk percentage, 91p neatness, 89 (strokes) cohesion, 1.45 size deviation, 99% neatness, 22% elongation, and is capable of producing 2A-3A gradable silk. Laboratory test showed that it has the yield potential of 78.6 kg cocoons/100 dfls. Based on these observations, the Hybrid Authorization Committee meeting held on 22.12.2011 accepted it for large scale preauthorization field trial.by rearing at least 5.00 lakhs DFLs,. Field trial Nearly 3.0 lakh DFLss were distributed to the farmers in the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. The results revealed that the cocoon yield varied from 50-70kg/100dfls. Cocoons reeled in ARM at Chennapatana produced 3A grade silk while the same at Ramanagara was graded as 2 A. The field trail is still under progress. Advantages of New improved Cross breed The superiority of the breed over the existing commercially popular cross breed PM X CSR2 lies in quantitative traits like higher Cocoon weight, shell weight, shell ratio % and as well superior in qualitative characters like Neatness, size deviation tenacity, cohesion and elongation This newly developed hybrid is superior in terms of economic traits over all the existing cross breeds and having the capacity to produce 2A -3A grade Silk Average cocoon yield ranges from 50 to 60kgs /100DFls .Considering its advantage over the reelable parameters it is most appreciable that L14 X CSR2 cocoons can be reeled on Automatic reeling machine and the silk can be used as both warp and weft and this could be the first improved cross breed capable of producing gradable quality silk and fetching higher income from silk marketing @ Rs.500/kg which is more in comparison with the presently popular cross breed PM X CSR2 Salient Features of L14x CSR2 at a glance:
Robust, productive, and characterized by superior fiber quality
Shorter larval duration by one day compared to PMX CSR2
High Cocoon weight Shell weight Shell ratio and Floss content
High Raw silk recovery rate
Good Tenacity, elongation and cohesion suitable for reeling in Automatic reeling Machine to produce high quality gradable Silk ( 2A- 3A standard ) L14 x CSR2

Larvae

Cocoon

Silk

Fabric

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IT Initiatives: Under the IT initiatives, CSB concentrated on software development using contemporary technologies and networking of various cocoon and silk markets with free flow of information on the availability of raw material, market trend etc.. CSB has hosted new website (www.csb.gov.in) with the details of its activities, organization setup, status of silk industry etc., with facilities for web enabled email. Information required for the traders, buyers, stake holders etc. will be hosted on the website, besides improving the interactive interface of the website. Seri Information Kiosks have been installed in cocoon markets, CSB and DOS Office which provides basic information relating to sericulture and market rates of cocoon, silk etc. TRAINING The Research Institutes of the Central Silk Board provide training to the inservice Technical personnel of the Departments of Sericulture, Entrepreneurs and Stake holders of the Industry. Details of number of persons trained by the R & D Units of CSB during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and first year (201213) of XII Plan are given below: (No.of persons trained)

# Particulars

1 Structured Course 2 Capsule Course Adhoc Training 3 (farmers/skilled) 4 Skill Devlpmnt. Total * provisional

XI Plan (20072012) 183 4,067

XII Plan 2012-13* (April-Feb’13) 48 616

26076

3535

396 30722

726 4925

Details of number of persons trained by the EDP Cell of CSB during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below: (No.of persons trained)

# Particulars

XI Plan (2007-2012)

XII Plan 2012-13 ( April-Feb’13)p

1 Entrepreneurship Development Programme Technology Upgradation 2 Programme 3 Resource Development Programme 4 Management Development Programme Total P; provisional

121 1020

573

795

222

850

121

2786

916

13

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) in Sericulture: In order to map and identify additional potential areas for development of food plants for mulberry and Vanya sericulture in different states and to carryout an appraisal survey to evaluate the progress of sericulture development in few selected areas using remote sensing technology. The project is being implemented in collaboration with the NESAC, during the XI Plan (2007-12) covering all the states, involving a total cost of Rs.2.50 crores. SEED SUPPORT CSB has the responsibility for supply of Basic Seed material of (both silkworm and its host food plants) required for further multiplication besides undertaking production of quality silkworm seed (F1) to supplement the efforts of the concerned state sericulture departments as a quality leader to a limited extent. Under this programme technical assistance and field level training are also provided to the farmers by the Grainage extension centers. The CSB has a chain of Basic Seed Farms supplying basic seeds to the States. Its commercial seed production centers augment efforts of the States in supplying commercial silkworm seed to farmers. CSB’s commercial seed production involvement is about 8 percent of the country’s current estimated absorption. The Table below indicates total seed production during the concluding year 2011-12 of XI plan period and during the CFY 2012-13 (till Feb-2013): (Unit: Lakh dfls) Particulars

Actuals 2011-12

2012-13 Target

Achmnt. 2012-13 (April - Feb’13)

Mulberry Tasar Oak Tasar Muga Eri Total

321.54 35.08 1.36 2.52 3.17 363.57

325.00 33.13 0.67 5.02 3.39 367.21

250.91 39.11 0.61 4.70 4.04 299.37

Market Support: Tasar Raw Material Bank, Chaibasa: A Raw Material Bank for Tasar is functioning at Chiabasa (Jharkhand) along with 4 Sub-depots, one each at Raigarh (Chhattisgarh), Bhagalpur (Bihar), Warangal (A.P) and Bhandara (Maharashtra). The primary objective of RMB is to ensure economic and fair price to the primary tasar growers. The details of procurement and sale of tasar cocoons made by RMB, Chaibasa and its sub-depots during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below: ( Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.) Year Procurement Sale Qty. Value Qty. Value XI Plan 824.65 543.75 793.07 576.80 (2007-12) 2012-13* 224.23 157.81 207.29 147.69 * April’12 to February 2013

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Muga Raw Material Bank, Sibsagar: A Muga Raw Material Bank is functioning at Sibsagar in Assam with 3 SubDepots, at Dhakukhana, Sualkuchi (Assam) and Coochbehar (W.B) with the objective of ensuring economic and fair price to the actual muga cocoon producers. The details of purchase and sale of muga cocoons made by MRMB, Sibsagar and its Sub-Depots during the XI Plan and during the first year (201213) of XII Plan are given below: (Unit: Qty.in lakh Nos. & Value in Lakh Rs.) Procurement Sale Year Qty. Value Qty. Value XI Plan 16.527 23.997 18.523 20.047 (2007-12) 2012-13* 4.47 6.33 4.26 6.37 * April’12 to February 2013 Quality Certification System: Central Silk Board is popularizing “Silk Mark”, for purity of silk products through Silk Mark Organization of India (SMOI). Silk Mark is an assurance label, Silk Mark protects the interests of consumers who are being cheated by traders by selling spurious products in the name of silk. The progress achieved under the Silk Mark Scheme during the XI Plan and during the first year (2012-13) of XII Plan are given below:

Particulars

XI Plan (2007-2012)

XII Plan 2012-13 Achmnt. Target (till Feb’13 )

Total No. of Members enrolled

1418

250

222

Total No. of Labels sold

116.00

25.00

23.63

Awareness Programmes Exhibition/Fairs/ Workshop/Road shows

1745

300

342

CATALYTIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (CDP) CDP objectives were mainly to bestow special attention for value addition to the sericulture industry in the country to meet shortfall in infrastructure and skilled manpower requirement in the various stages of the production chain (capacity building) through private entrepreneurship or State or NGO/SHG participation in plantation development & maintenance, seed production, rearing facilities, cocoon marketing, cocoon reeling facilities, yarn processing, product diversification, training facilities, quality support etc. CDP is the foremost programme of the Govt. of India for the development of Sericulture in India. The Table below indicates the financial performance of CDP during the XI plan and first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan: 15

Plan / Year

No. of Schemes

Outlay

XI PLAN XII PLAN

5 packages

821.74

5 Packages

201.89

(2012-13

(Rs. in crores) Achmnt Expenditure % 821.74 100 % 193.88 92.85% April-Feb’-13

Catalytic Development Programme is being continued during the XII Plan also with certain modifications along with new initiatives. CDP is presently implemented on a Project mode in the form of different packages mainly under 3 sectors viz. Seed, Cocoon and Post-cocoon sectors, supported by the Support Service Sector, in order to benefit all categories of beneficiaries like farmers, reelers & weavers and also to support achieving the targets & objectives of the XI Plan. These components under CDP are beneficial for both existing and new farmers for practicing sericulture. Major Achievements made under CDP during the XI Plan (2007-2012) and during the first year (2012-13) of the XII Plan period are given below: # 1 2 3

Components Development of Mulberry Plantation (Ha) Irrigation for Mulberry (Ha) Mulberry Rearing houses (Nos)

XI Plan (2007-2012)

Achievements During 2011-12

71,468 25,058 61,541

41,153 5,331 14,762

XII Plan 2012-13 (April-Feb’13) 14,626 3,511 9,281

4

Chawkie Rearing Centres (Nos)

484

186

64

5

Rearing equipments ( Farmers)

68,137

18,593

20,674

6

Tasar plantation maintenance (Ha.)

20,441

2,947

4,160

7

Tasar seed rearers (Nos)

11, 722

3,593

2151

8

Support to Tasar graineurs (Nos)

4,676

2,267

549

9

Construction of Cocoon Storage Houses (Nos)

1,649

659

201

10

Eri host plantation (Ha)

5,496

1,754

1,322

11

Construction of Eri Rearing House (Nos)

23,584

7,210

3,828

12 13 14 15

Muga food plantation (Ha) Support for Muga Graineurs (Nos) Automatic Silk Reeling Machines (Nos) Multiend Silk Reeling Machines (Nos)

4,488 1,431 8 217

1,222 408 3 22

1,093 199 1 6

16 17 18 19

Cottage basin reeling units (Nos) Hot air drying chambers (Nos) Vanya reeling/Spinng. Devices (Nos) Promotion of improved Handlooms (Nos)

119 452 9,776 5,696

22 114 1,594 2340

38 96 945 373

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Establishment of Automatic Reeling Units in Karnataka, A.P. & T.N. Ten (10) Automatic Reeling Machines (ARMs) have been sanctioned during X and XI Plan periods; 5 for Karnataka, 2 for Andhra Pradesh & 3 for Tamilnadu. Out of these 10 ARMs, Six have already been established till the end of XI Plan at the following locations of Karnataka, AP & TN. The establishment of remaining four units is under progress State

No. of Units

Location of ARM units installed

Karnataka

2 Units

Ramanagaram & Channapatna

Andhra Pradesh

2 Units

Janagaon & Hindupur

Tamilnadu

2 Units

Gobichettypalyam & Avinashi

Further two more ARM units have been sanctioned by the AMC for Karnataka during the CFY 2012-13 under CDP of XII. The locations are being finalized. SPECIAL PROJECTS: Assistance to NGOs: The Central Silk Board is implementing integrated sericulture development projects in different states in collaboration with the State Sericulture Departments and the NGOs. The CSB is also implementing few special SGSY projects for sericulture development by availing the funds from the Rural Development Departments. During the XI Plan, the Central Silk Board has provided financial assistance to the following four NGOs, under centrally sponsored Catalytic Development Programme (CDP) implemented during XI Plan (2007-12). 1. M/s. Arpita Grameen Vikas Sansthan, Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh for development of eri culture in three districts of Hamirpur, Jalaun and Chitrakoot. 2. M/s. Appropriate Technology of India (ATI) Guptkashi, Rudraprayag District of Uttarkhand for promotion of Oak Tasar & Eri culture 3. M/s. Grameen Evam Krishi Vikas Samithi Haldwani, Nainital in Uttarkhand for Development of Ericulture in Udham Singh Nagar district 4. M/s. PRADAAN, Deogarh, Bihar for Integrated Tribal Development Programme in Jamui district of Bihar.

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Financial assistance given to the above 4 NGOs during the last three years (2009-11) and for the current year 2012-13 is given below (Rs. in lakhs)

#

Name of the NGO

1

M/s.Arpita Grameen Vikas Sansthan

2 3 4

M/s.Appropriate Technology of India (ATI) M/s.Grameen Evam Krishi Vikas Samithi M/s.PRADAAN, Jamui in Bihar Total

2009-10

17.45 23.53 15.95

2010-11

-62.60 --

2011-12

2012-13

--

Total

17.45

--

47.32

133.45

--

32.36

48.31

--

106.17

--

56.93

168.77

-nil-

106.17 79.68

305.38

International Collaboration: CSB is a Member of the International Sericulture Commission (ISC) and providing consultancy support to third world countries on sericulture development. CSB is exporting silkworm eggs to African and South Asian countries like Ghana, Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Srilanka, Vietnam etc. The following external aided Projects have been implemented in different States  UNDP supported project for development of Vanya silks (1999-2003)  World Bank assisted National Sericulture Project for mulberry in 17 states (1989-1996)  Swiss aided Seri-2000 project for mulberry in Karnataka, Tamilnadu, AP and West Bengal (1997-2004)  JBIC supported project for tasar and mulberry development in Chattisgarh and Manipur (1998-2007) Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development Project: CSB has implemented a Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development project (2002-07) with the assistance of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The project has helped to develop high yielding bivoltine silkworm breeds suitable to produce import substitute international grade bivoltine silk. The project has also developed suitable clusters with better extension system for the development of bivoltine silk. Central Sericultural Research & Training Institute, Mysore has taken up collaborative research project in the areas of sericulture with research institutes in Brazil and Bulgaria. Training on Bivoltine Sericulture Technology under the 3rd country training As a part of technical cooperation programme between the JICA and the Central Silk Board (CSB), CSR&TI, Mysore is imparting training in their Institute at Mysore for Afro-Asian countries like Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Uganda on Bivoltine sericulture technologies with the expertise developed by us.

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Cluster Development Programme: Central Silk Board in close co-ordination with States had jointly organized 45 pre-cocoon and 5 post-cocoon model sericulture clusters towards promoting development of sericulture in the cluster mode approach. The main objective being transfer of latest technology in a systematic manner and also through infrastructure up-gradation of farmers, improvement of skills and knowledge of farmers and strict discipline in sericulture practices to improve production, productivity and quality of cocoons. During XI Plan period (till Mar-2012)CSB had released Rs.52.11 crores to 16 States under Catalytic Development Programme. On implementation of the programme, the awareness and adoption of new technologies increased, significant improvement observed in knowledge/skill of farmers, crop stability, production, productivity and quality of cocoons and income level of farmers. The Cluster Promotion Programme has been concluded on 31.03.2012 and the DoSs have been requested to maintain all the existing clusters under their control with Technical Support from CSB commencing from 2012-13 onwards as also requested to replicate the successful models in potential areas of the state. During XII Plan, it is proposed to develop 100 bivoltine clusters in the states. The programme will be implemented from 2013-14 of XII Plan period. Sericulture Development projects in some States: The following projects are being implemented during the period under report. a) Special SGSY Projects in Bihar, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. b) Integrated Tribal Development Projects with NABARD-TDF assistance. The following projects are in the process of sanction to be implemented during XII Plan period. Tasar developmental projects with MoRD assistance under MKSP (as under). Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Name of the State Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Jharkhand Chattisgarh Bihar West Bengal Odisha Grand Total

Project Implementing Agency BAIF SERP PRADAN PRADAN PRADAN PRADAN PRADAN

MoRD (in Rs. lakhs) 759.632

CSB (in Rs. lakhs) 253.211

Total ( in Rs. lakhs) 1012.843

784.040

262.668

1046.708

1795.46 598.451 669.434 400.795 358.34 5366.152

598.487 204.256 223.145 133.598 119.447 1794.812

2393.947 802.707 892.579 534.393 477.787 7160.964

The following projects/ schemes have been formulated to be taken up by the States for sericulture development. 1. Tasar developmental for Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected districts in West Bengal, Orissa and Chhattisgarh. 19

2. Formulated project proposal for seeking JICA assistance for mulberry development, and Road Map for tasar development in West Bengal. 3. Technical appraisal has been carried out for Mukhyamantri Tasar Vikas Pariyojana to be implemented by DOS, Bihar at an outlay of Rs.170.9 Crore. 4. The following projects are prepared and yet to be implemented. 5. 15 Year Road Map for development of silk industry in Himachal Pradesh. 6. Projects implemented with external funding. 7. Manipur Sericulture Project (JBIC Funding) 8. Other projects with funding from CDP. 9. Micro-Project for development of Oak tasar culture in Manipur (Phase- II). Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD): Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Govt. of India, has considered a MultiState Project under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) for promotion of Tasar based livelihoods in the five states viz., Jharkhand covering Godda, Pakur, Dumka, Saraikella, West Singbhum, East Singbhum and Deoghar districts, State of Chhattisgarh covering Raigaarh, Dhamtari, Kanker, Bilaspur, Sarguja and Bastar districts, State of Odisha covering Keonjhar district, State of Maharashtra covering Gondia and Gadchiroli districts and State of West Bengal covering Bankura and Paschim Medinipur districts with Central Silk Board as the Project Coordinating Agency and NGOs, PRADAN and BAIF Development Research Foundation as Project Implementing Agencies. Projects would be implemented over a period of four years from the date of final approval, with a project grant of Rs.52.22 crores, with MoRD share of Rs.39.13 crores and CSB share of Rs.13.09 crores covering 27,530 beneficiaries. Eri Spun Silk Mills: Three Eri Spun Silk Mills have been established at Hindupur (in A.P.), Kokrajhar & Guwahati (in Assam). These Units have started commercial production. Apart from this one more Spun Silk Mill is being set up at Raipur in Chhattisgarh state. Vanya Silk Market Promotion: Vanya Silk Market Promotion Cell (VSMPC) established during X Plan has continued its activities on Generic, Brand and Market promotion of Vanya Silks during XII Plan. As a part of product diversification, VSMPC under collaborative projects with other Institutes has developed exclusive Vanya Silk products viz. Eri silk knitwear, Eri silk denims, Eri silk sarees, Mulberry / Muga silk sarees, Mulberry/Eri silk sarees and dress material etc,. The Eri silk knitwears are launched for commercialization and the products are test marketed. VSMPC has provided the know-how to M/s Jharcraft, Ranchi, Jharkhand and coordinating on product development for commercialization. VSMPC has organized and participated in domestic and international exhibitions. Vanya Silk theme pavilion are arranged in all the exhibitions and the product developed under collaborative projects are displayed for market promotion. The 20

generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks is done through exhibitions, advertisements, web site, print and electronic media etc. VSMPC has participated in Heimtextil Fair, Frankfurt, Germany between 12th and 15th January 2011 along with SMOI for generic and brand promotion of Indian Silk, wherein the samples of Vanya Silks products of exporters have been displayed in the stall. VSMPC has also participated in Tex Trend organized by Ministry of Textiles and Silk Paradise organized by ISEPC. VSMPC has published the directory of Vanya Silk manufacturers containing the 450 addresses of manufacturers/traders/exporters along with the addresses of all the Vanya Silk producing State Sericulture Departments and CSB offices and the information on Vanya Silks. VSMPC has registered 20 manufacturers / traders as Authorised User of Vanya Silk Logo and involved them in generic and brand promotion of Vanya Silks and also provided publicity support. VSMPC has established three Vanya Silk Shoppees two in New Delhi and one in Bangalore for providing retail market access to manufacturers of Vanya Silk products. The shoppees have been allotted to the primary producers and Authorized Users of Vanya Silk Logo. During XII Plan VSMPC is organizing exclusive Vanya Silk Expos in four cities and participating in 10 exhibitions organized by SMOI. VSMPC has participated in Tex Trend -2012 organized by Ministry of Textiles. VSMPC has sanctioned collaborative project on development of Eri Silk Thermal wear and Thermal under garments to Army Institute of Fashion and Design (AIFD) – Bangalore and another project to CSTRI –CSB Bangalore on Development of products from Eri, Muga and Tasar spun yarn for better value addition. VSMPC is coordinating in product development for commercialization and providing backward and forward linkages for sourcing, production and marketing. It is proposed to set up Vanya Silk Shoppee at Guwahati under franchise for the benefit of primary producers in N.E. region. Policy initiatives: Some Important policy initiatives taken recently for the development of silk industry are–
Sericulture is included as agriculture allied activity under RKVY. This enables the sericulturists to avail the benefits of the scheme for the entire sericulture activities up to reeling. During the year 2011-12, sericulture projects costing Rs.50.84 crores have been sanctioned and utilized under RKVY. During the CFY (2012-13) sericulture projects costing Rs.12.64 crores have been proposed.
The CSB (Amendment) Act, Rules and Regulations have been notified by the Govt. of India to bring quality standards in silkworm seed production.
Forest Conservation Act has been amended to treat non mulberry sericulture as forest based activity enabling the farmers to undertake Vanya silkworm rearing in the natural host plantation in the forests. -=: xox :=-

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