Si Units

Confirming Pages

     APPENDIX

P R O P E R T Y TA B L E S A N D CHARTS (SI UNITS)

Table A–1 Table A–2 Table A–3 Table A–4 Table A–5 Table A–6 Table A–7 Table A–8 Figure A–9 Figure A–10 Table A–11 Table A–12 Table A–13 Figure A–14 Figure A–15 Table A–16 Table A–17 Table A–18 Table A–19 Table A–20 Table A–21 Table A–22 Table A–23 Table A–24 Table A–25 Table A–26 Table A–27 Table A–28 Figure A–29 Figure A–30 Figure A–31 Table A–32 Table A–33 Table A–34

1

Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 898 Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 899 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 902 Saturated water—Temperature table 904 Saturated water—Pressure table 906 Superheated water 908 Compressed liquid water 912 Saturated ice–water vapor 913 T-s diagram for water 914 Mollier diagram for water 915 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table 916 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table 917 Superheated refrigerant-134a 918 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 920 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart 921 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 922 Ideal-gas properties of air 923 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 925 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 927 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 929 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO 931 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 933 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O 934 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O 936 Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH 936 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 258C, 1 atm 937 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons 938 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp 939 Generalized enthalpy departure chart 940 Generalized entropy departure chart 941 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure 942 One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 943 One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 944 Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 945 897

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Confirming Pages 898 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–1 Molar mass, gas constant, and critical2point properties

Substance

Formula

Air Ammonia Argon Benzene Bromine n2Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorine Chloroform Dichlorodifluoromethane (R212) Dichlorofluoromethane (R221) Ethane Ethyl alcohol Ethylene Helium n2Hexane Hydrogen (normal) Krypton Methane Methyl alcohol Methyl chloride Neon Nitrogen Nitrous oxide Oxygen Propane Propylene Sulfur dioxide Tetrafluoroethane (R2134a) Trichlorofluoromethane (R211) Water Xenon

— NH3 Ar C6H6 Br2 C4H10 CO2 CO CCl4 Cl2 CHCl3 CCl2F2 CHCl2F C2H6 C2H5OH C2H4 He C6H14 H2 Kr CH4 CH3OH CH3Cl Ne N2 N2O O2 C3H8 C3H6 SO2 CF3CH2F CCl3F H2O Xe

Molar mass, M kg/kmol 28.97 17.03 39.948 78.115 159.808 58.124 44.01 28.011 153.82 70.906 119.38 120.91 102.92 30.070 46.07 28.054 4.003 86.179 2.016 83.80 16.043 32.042 50.488 20.183 28.013 44.013 31.999 44.097 42.081 64.063 102.03 137.37 18.015 131.30

Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K* 0.2870 0.4882 0.2081 0.1064 0.0520 0.1430 0.1889 0.2968 0.05405 0.1173 0.06964 0.06876 0.08078 0.2765 0.1805 0.2964 2.0769 0.09647 4.1240 0.09921 0.5182 0.2595 0.1647 0.4119 0.2968 0.1889 0.2598 0.1885 0.1976 0.1298 0.08149 0.06052 0.4615 0.06332

Critical-point properties Temperature, K 132.5 405.5 151 562 584 425.2 304.2 133 556.4 417 536.6 384.7 451.7 305.5 516 282.4 5.3 507.9 33.3 209.4 191.1 513.2 416.3 44.5 126.2 309.7 154.8 370 365 430.7 374.2 471.2 647.1 289.8

Pressure, MPa

Volume, m3/kmol

3.77 11.28 4.86 4.92 10.34 3.80 7.39 3.50 4.56 7.71 5.47 4.01 5.17 4.48 6.38 5.12 0.23 3.03 1.30 5.50 4.64 7.95 6.68 2.73 3.39 7.27 5.08 4.26 4.62 7.88 4.059 4.38 22.06 5.88

0.0883 0.0724 0.0749 0.2603 0.1355 0.2547 0.0943 0.0930 0.2759 0.1242 0.2403 0.2179 0.1973 0.1480 0.1673 0.1242 0.0578 0.3677 0.0649 0.0924 0.0993 0.1180 0.1430 0.0417 0.0899 0.0961 0.0780 0.1998 0.1810 0.1217 0.1993 0.2478 0.0560 0.1186

*The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3/kg·K. The gas constant is calculated from R 5 Ru /M, where Ru 5 8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is the molar mass. Source of Data: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.

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Confirming Pages 899 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (a) At 300 K Gas

Formula

Air Argon Butane Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide Ethane Ethylene Helium Hydrogen Methane Neon Nitrogen Octane Oxygen Propane Steam

— Ar C4H10 CO2 CO C2H6 C2H4 He H2 CH4 Ne N2 C8H18 O2 C3H8 H2O

Gas constant, R kJ/kg·K 0.2870 0.2081 0.1433 0.1889 0.2968 0.2765 0.2964 2.0769 4.1240 0.5182 0.4119 0.2968 0.0729 0.2598 0.1885 0.4615

cp kJ/kg·K

cv kJ/kg·K

1.005 0.5203 1.7164 0.846 1.040 1.7662 1.5482 5.1926 14.307 2.2537 1.0299 1.039 1.7113 0.918 1.6794 1.8723

0.718 0.3122 1.5734 0.657 0.744 1.4897 1.2518 3.1156 10.183 1.7354 0.6179 0.743 1.6385 0.658 1.4909 1.4108

k 1.400 1.667 1.091 1.289 1.400 1.186 1.237 1.667 1.405 1.299 1.667 1.400 1.044 1.395 1.126 1.327

Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg·8C. Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).

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Confirming Pages 900 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued) (b) At various temperatures

Temperature, K  250  300  350  400  450  500  550  600  650  700  750  800  900 1000

cp kJ/kg·K

cv kJ/kg·K

k

Air 1.003 1.005 1.008 1.013 1.020 1.029 1.040 1.051 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.099 1.121 1.142

0.716 0.718 0.721 0.726 0.733 0.742 0.753 0.764 0.776 0.788 0.800 0.812 0.834 0.855

cp kJ/kg·K

14.051 14.307 14.427 14.476 14.501 14.513 14.530 14.546 14.571 14.604 14.645 14.695 14.822 14.983

9.927 10.183 10.302 10.352 10.377 10.389 10.405 10.422 10.447 10.480 10.521 10.570 10.698 10.859

k

Carbon dioxide, CO2 1.401 1.400 1.398 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.381 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.336

0.791 0.846 0.895 0.939 0.978 1.014 1.046 1.075 1.102 1.126 1.148 1.169 1.204 1.234

Hydrogen, H2  250  300  350  400  450  500  550  600  650  700  750  800  900 1000

cv kJ/kg·K

0.602 0.657 0.706 0.750 0.790 0.825 0.857 0.886 0.913 0.937 0.959 0.980 1.015 1.045

1.314 1.288 1.268 1.252 1.239 1.229 1.220 1.213 1.207 1.202 1.197 1.193 1.186 1.181

cp kJ/kg·K

1.039 1.039 1.041 1.044 1.049 1.056 1.065 1.075 1.086 1.098 1.110 1.121 1.145 1.167

0.742 0.743 0.744 0.747 0.752 0.759 0.768 0.778 0.789 0.801 0.813 0.825 0.849 0.870

k

Carbon monoxide, CO 1.039 1.040 1.043 1.047 1.054 1.063 1.075 1.087 1.100 1.113 1.126 1.139 1.163 1.185

Nitrogen, N2 1.416 1.405 1.400 1.398 1.398 1.397 1.396 1.396 1.395 1.394 1.392 1.390 1.385 1.380

cv kJ/kg·K

0.743 0.744 0.746 0.751 0.757 0.767 0.778 0.790 0.803 0.816 0.829 0.842 0.866 0.888

1.400 1.399 1.398 1.395 1.392 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.370 1.364 1.358 1.353 1.343 1.335

Oxygen, O2 1.400 1.400 1.399 1.397 1.395 1.391 1.387 1.382 1.376 1.371 1.365 1.360 1.349 1.341

0.913 0.918 0.928 0.941 0.956 0.972 0.988 1.003 1.017 1.031 1.043 1.054 1.074 1.090

0.653 0.658 0.668 0.681 0.696 0.712 0.728 0.743 0.758 0.771 0.783 0.794 0.814 0.830

1.398 1.395 1.389 1.382 1.373 1.365 1.358 1.350 1.343 1.337 1.332 1.327 1.319 1.313

Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw2Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.

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Confirming Pages 901 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–2 Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded) (c) As a function of temperature _ cp 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3 (T in K, cp in kJ/kmol·K)

Substance Nitrogen Oxygen Air Hydrogen Carbon  monoxide Carbon  dioxide Water vapor Nitric oxide Nitrous oxide Nitrogen  dioxide Ammonia Sulfur Sulfur  dioxide Sulfur  trioxide Acetylene Benzene Methanol Ethanol Hydrogen  chloride Methane Ethane Propane n2Butane i2Butane n2Pentane n2Hexane Ethylene Propylene

Formula

a

b

c

N2 O2 — H2

28.90 25.48 28.11 29.11

CO

28.16

CO2 H2O NO N2O

22.26 5.981 3 32.24 0.1923 3 29.34 20.09395 3 24.11 5.8632 3

NO2 NH3 S2

22.9 27.568 27.21

SO2

25.78

SO3 C2H2 C6H6 CH4O C2H6O HCl CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C2H4 C3H6

20.1571 1.520 0.1967 20.1916

3 3 3 3

22

10 1022 1022 1022

0.8081 20.7155 0.4802 0.4003

% error Temperature range, K Max. Avg.

d 3 3 3 3

25

10 1025 1025 1025

22.873 1.312 21.966 20.8704

3 3 3 3

1029 1029 1029 1029

273–1800 273–1800 273–1800 273–1800

0.59 1.19 0.72 1.01

0.34 0.28 0.33 0.26

0.1675 3 1022

0.5372 3 1025

22.222 3 1029

273–1800

0.89

0.37

1022 1022 1022 1022

23.501 3 1025 1.055 3 1025 0.9747 3 1025 23.562 3 1025

7.469 23.595 24.187 10.58

1029 1029 1029 1029

273–1800 273–1800 273–1500 273–1500

0.67 0.53 0.97 0.59

0.22 0.24 0.36 0.26

5.715 3 1022 2.5630 3 1022 2.218 3 1022

23.52 3 1025 0.99072 3 1025 21.628 3 1025

7.87 3 1029 26.6909 3 1029 3.986 3 1029

273–1500 273–1500 273–1800

0.46 0.91 0.99

0.18 0.36 0.38

5.795 3 1022

23.812 3 1025

8.612 3 1029

273–1800

0.45

0.24

3 3 3 3

1022 1022 1022 1022 1022

211.20 26.527 231.57 21.22 210.38

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

32.42 18.21 77.62 28.039 20.05

3 3 3 3 3

1029 1029 1029 1029 1029

273–1300 273–1500 273–1500 273–1000 273–1500

0.29 1.46 0.34 0.18 0.40

0.13 0.59 0.20 0.08 0.22

30.33 20.7620 3 1022 19.89 5.024 3 1022 6.900 17.27 3 1022 24.04 30.48 3 1022 3.96 37.15 3 1022 27.913 41.60 3 1022 6.774 45.43 3 1022 6.938 55.22 3 1022 3.95 15.64 3 1022 3.15 23.83 3 1022

1.327 1.269 26.406 215.72 218.34 223.01 222.46 228.65 28.344 212.18

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

24.338 211.01 7.285 31.74 35.00 49.91 42.29 57.69 17.67 24.62

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

1029 1029 1029 1029 1029 1029 1029 1029 1029 1029

273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500 273–1500

0.22 1.33 0.83 0.40 0.54 0.25 0.56 0.72 0.54 0.73

0.08 0.57 0.28 0.12 0.24 0.13 0.21 0.20 0.13 0.17

16.40 21.8 236.22 19.0 19.9

14.58 9.2143 48.475 9.152 20.96

3 3 3 3 3

Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice2Hall, 1984).

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Confirming Pages 902 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (a) Liquids Boiling data at 1 atm

Substance

Normal boiling point, 8C

Ammonia

233.3

Latent heat of vaporization hfg , kJ/kg 1357

Freezing point, 8C 277.7

Latent heat of fusion hif , kJ/kg 322.4

Argon Benzene Brine (20% sodium chloride by mass) n2Butane Carbon dioxide Ethanol Ethyl alcohol Ethylene glycol Glycerine Helium Hydrogen Isobutane Kerosene Mercury Methane

103.9 20.5 278.4* 78.2 78.6 198.1 179.9 2268.9 2252.8 211.7 204–293 356.7 2161.5

— 385.2 230.5 (at 08C) 838.3 855 800.1 974 22.8 445.7 367.1 251 294.7 510.4

217.4 2138.5 256.6 2114.2 2156 210.8 18.9 — 2259.2 2160 224.9 238.9 2182.2

109 108 181.1 200.6 — 59.5 105.7 — 11.4 58.4

Methanol Nitrogen

64.5 2195.8

1100 198.6

297.7 2210

99.2 25.3

124.8

306.3

257.5

180.7

2218.8

13.7

2187.7

80.0

Octane Oil (light) Oxygen Petroleum Propane

2185.9 80.2

2183 — 242.1

Refrigerant2134a

226.1

Water

100

161.6 394

Freezing data

212.7 230–384 427.8

217.0

2257

2189.3 5.5

296.6

0.0

28 126 — 80.3

—

333.7

Liquid properties Temperature, 8C

Density r, kg/m3

Specific heat cp, kJ/kg·K

233.3 220 0 25 2185.6 20

682 665 639 602 1394 879

4.43 4.52 4.60 4.80 1.14 1.72

20 20.5 0 25 20 20 20 2268.9 2252.8 211.7 20 25 2161.5 2100 25 2195.8 2160 20 25 2183 20 242.1 0 50 250 226.1 0 25 0 25 50 75 100

1150 601 298 783 789 1109 1261 146.2 70.7 593.8 820 13,560 423 301 787 809 596 703 910 1141 640 581 529 449 1443 1374 1295 1207 1000 997 988 975 958

3.11 2.31 0.59 2.46 2.84 2.84 2.32 22.8 10.0 2.28 2.00 0.139 3.49 5.79 2.55 2.06 2.97 2.10 1.80 1.71 2.0 2.25 2.53 3.13 1.23 1.27 1.34 1.43 4.22 4.18 4.18 4.19 4.22

* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple2point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing2point temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple2point temperature of 256.58C.)

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Confirming Pages 903 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–3 Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded ) (b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise) Density, r kg/m3

Substance

Specific heat, cp kJ/kg·K

Density, r kg/m3

Substance

Metals

Nonmetals

Aluminum   200 K   250 K   300 K   350 K   400 K   450 K   500 K Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn,  2% Al) Brass, yellow (65% Cu,  35% Zn) Copper    21738C    21008C    2508C    08C    278C    1008C    2008C Iron Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Steel, mild Tungsten

Asphalt Brick, common Brick, fireclay (5008C) Concrete Clay Diamond Glass, window Glass, pyrex Graphite Granite Gypsum or plaster board Ice   200 K   220 K   240 K   260 K   273 K Limestone Marble Plywood (Douglas Fir) Rubber (soft) Rubber (hard) Sand Stone Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.) Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)

8,280

0.797 0.859 0.902 0.929 0.949 0.973 0.997 0.400

8,310

0.400

2,700

0.254 0.342 0.367 0.381 0.386 0.393 0.403 0.45 0.128 1.000 0.440 0.235 0.500 0.130

8,900

7,840 11,310 1,730 8,890 10,470 7,830 19,400

Specific heat, cp kJ/kg·K

2110 1922 2300 2300 1000 2420 2700 2230 2500 2700 800

0.920 0.79 0.960 0.653 0.920 0.616 0.800 0.840 0.711 1.017 1.09

921 1650 2600 545 1100 1150 1520 1500 721 513

1.56 1.71 1.86 2.01 2.11 0.909 0.880 1.21 1.840 2.009 0.800 0.800 1.26 1.38

(c) Foods    Specific heat,      kJ/kg·K

Food

Water content, % (mass)

Freezing point, 8C

84 75 67 90 16 39 80 74 74 74 63

21.1 20.8 — 20.6 — 210.0 21.8 22.8 20.6 20.6 25.6

Apples Bananas Beef round Broccoli Butter Cheese, swiss Cherries Chicken Corn, sweet Eggs, whole Ice cream

Latent heat of Above Below fusion, freezing freezing kJ/kg 3.65 3.35 3.08 3.86 — 2.15 3.52 3.32 3.32 3.32 2.95

1.90 1.78 1.68 1.97 1.04 1.33 1.85 1.77 1.77 1.77 1.63

281 251 224 301  53 130 267 247 247 247 210

   Specific heat,      kJ/kg·K

Food Lettuce Milk, whole Oranges Potatoes Salmon fish Shrimp Spinach Strawberries Tomatoes, ripe Turkey Watermelon

Water content, % (mass) 95 88 87 78 64 83 93 90 94 64 93

Freezing point, 8C

Above freezing

Below freezing

Latent heat of fusion, kJ/kg

20.2 20.6 20.8 20.6 22.2 22.2 20.3 20.8 20.5 — 20.4

4.02 3.79 3.75 3.45 2.98 3.62 3.96 3.86 3.99 2.98 3.96

2.04 1.95 1.94 1.82 1.65 1.89 2.01 1.97 2.02 1.65 2.01

317 294 291 261 214 277 311 301 314 214 311

Source of Data: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing2point data of foods are from ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), Chapter 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other foods.

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Confirming Pages 904 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A – 4 Saturated water—Temperature table Specific volume, m3/kg Temp., T 8C

Sat. press., Psat kPa

0.01 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Sat. Evap., vapor, sfg sg

0.6117 0.8725 1.2281 1.7057 2.3392

0.001000 0.001000 0.001000 0.001001 0.001002

206.00 147.03 106.32 77.885 57.762

0.000 21.019 42.020 62.980 83.913

2374.9 2360.8 2346.6 2332.5 2318.4

2374.9 2381.8 2388.7 2395.5 2402.3

0.001 21.020 42.022 62.982 83.915

2500.9 2489.1 2477.2 2465.4 2453.5

2500.9 2510.1 2519.2 2528.3 2537.4

0.0000 0.0763 0.1511 0.2245 0.2965

9.1556 8.9487 8.7488 8.5559 8.3696

9.1556 9.0249 8.8999 8.7803 8.6661

3.1698 4.2469 5.6291 7.3851 9.5953

0.001003 0.001004 0.001006 0.001008 0.001010

43.340 32.879 25.205 19.515 15.251

104.83 125.73 146.63 167.53 188.43

2304.3 2290.2 2276.0 2261.9 2247.7

2409.1 2415.9 2422.7 2429.4 2436.1

104.83 125.74 146.64 167.53 188.44

2441.7 2429.8 2417.9 2406.0 2394.0

2546.5 2555.6 2564.6 2573.5 2582.4

0.3672 0.4368 0.5051 0.5724 0.6386

8.1895 8.0152 7.8466 7.6832 7.5247

8.5567 8.4520 8.3517 8.2556 8.1633

50 55 60 65 70

12.352 15.763 19.947 25.043 31.202

0.001012 0.001015 0.001017 0.001020 0.001023

12.026 9.5639 7.6670 6.1935 5.0396

209.33 230.24 251.16 272.09 293.04

2233.4 2219.1 2204.7 2190.3 2175.8

2442.7 2449.3 2455.9 2462.4 2468.9

209.34 230.26 251.18 272.12 293.07

2382.0 2369.8 2357.7 2345.4 2333.0

2591.3 2600.1 2608.8 2617.5 2626.1

0.7038 0.7680 0.8313 0.8937 0.9551

7.3710 7.2218 7.0769 6.9360 6.7989

8.0748 7.9898 7.9082 7.8296 7.7540

75 80 85 90 95

38.597 47.416 57.868 70.183 84.609

0.001026 0.001029 0.001032 0.001036 0.001040

4.1291 3.4053 2.8261 2.3593 1.9808

313.99 334.97 355.96 376.97 398.00

2161.3 2146.6 2131.9 2117.0 2102.0

2475.3 2481.6 2487.8 2494.0 2500.1

314.03 335.02 356.02 377.04 398.09

2320.6 2308.0 2295.3 2282.5 2269.6

2634.6 2643.0 2651.4 2659.6 2667.6

1.0158 1.0756 1.1346 1.1929 1.2504

6.6655 6.5355 6.4089 6.2853 6.1647

7.6812 7.6111 7.5435 7.4782 7.4151

100 105 110 115 120

101.42 120.90 143.38 169.18 198.67

0.001043 0.001047 0.001052 0.001056 0.001060

1.6720 1.4186 1.2094 1.0360 0.89133

419.06 440.15 461.27 482.42 503.60

2087.0 2071.8 2056.4 2040.9 2025.3

2506.0 2511.9 2517.7 2523.3 2528.9

419.17 440.28 461.42 482.59 503.81

2256.4 2243.1 2229.7 2216.0 2202.1

2675.6 2683.4 2691.1 2698.6 2706.0

1.3072 1.3634 1.4188 1.4737 1.5279

6.0470 5.9319 5.8193 5.7092 5.6013

7.3542 7.2952 7.2382 7.1829 7.1292

125 130 135 140 145

232.23 270.28 313.22 361.53 415.68

0.001065 0.001070 0.001075 0.001080 0.001085

0.77012 0.66808 0.58179 0.50850 0.44600

524.83 546.10 567.41 588.77 610.19

2009.5 1993.4 1977.3 1960.9 1944.2

2534.3 2539.5 2544.7 2549.6 2554.4

525.07 546.38 567.75 589.16 610.64

2188.1 2173.7 2159.1 2144.3 2129.2

2713.1 2720.1 2726.9 2733.5 2739.8

1.5816 1.6346 1.6872 1.7392 1.7908

5.4956 5.3919 5.2901 5.1901 5.0919

7.0771 7.0265 6.9773 6.9294 6.8827

150 155 160 165 170

476.16 543.49 618.23 700.93 792.18

0.001091 0.001096 0.001102 0.001108 0.001114

0.39248 0.34648 0.30680 0.27244 0.24260

631.66 653.19 674.79 696.46 718.20

1927.4 1910.3 1893.0 1875.4 1857.5

2559.1 2563.5 2567.8 2571.9 2575.7

632.18 653.79 675.47 697.24 719.08

2113.8 2098.0 2082.0 2065.6 2048.8

2745.9 2751.8 2757.5 2762.8 2767.9

1.8418 1.8924 1.9426 1.9923 2.0417

4.9953 4.9002 4.8066 4.7143 4.6233

6.8371 6.7927 6.7492 6.7067 6.6650

175 180 185 190 195 200

892.60 1002.8 1123.5 1255.2 1398.8 1554.9

0.001121 0.001127 0.001134 0.001141 0.001149 0.001157

0.21659 0.19384 0.17390 0.15636 0.14089 0.12721

740.02 761.92 783.91 806.00 828.18 850.46

1839.4 1820.9 1802.1 1783.0 1763.6 1743.7

2579.4 2582.8 2586.0 2589.0 2591.7 2594.2

741.02 763.05 785.19 807.43 829.78 852.26

2031.7 2014.2 1996.2 1977.9 1959.0 1939.8

2772.7 2777.2 2781.4 2785.3 2788.8 2792.0

2.0906 2.1392 2.1875 2.2355 2.2831 2.3305

4.5335 4.4448 4.3572 4.2705 4.1847 4.0997

6.6242 6.5841 6.5447 6.5059 6.4678 6.4302

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 904

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 905 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–4 Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3/kg Temp., T 8C

Sat. press., Psat kPa

205 210 215 220 225

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

1724.3 1907.7 2105.9 2319.6 2549.7

0.001164 0.001173 0.001181 0.001190 0.001199

0.11508 0.10429 0.094680 0.086094 0.078405

872.86 895.38 918.02 940.79 963.70

1723.5 1702.9 1681.9 1660.5 1638.6

2596.4 2598.3 2599.9 2601.3 2602.3

874.87 897.61 920.50 943.55 966.76

230 235 240 245 250

2797.1 3062.6 3347.0 3651.2 3976.2

0.001209 0.001219 0.001229 0.001240 0.001252

0.071505 0.065300 0.059707 0.054656 0.050085

986.76 1010.0 1033.4 1056.9 1080.7

1616.1 1593.2 1569.8 1545.7 1521.1

2602.9 2603.2 2603.1 2602.7 2601.8

255 260 265 270 275

4322.9 4692.3 5085.3 5503.0 5946.4

0.001263 0.001276 0.001289 0.001303 0.001317

0.045941 0.042175 0.038748 0.035622 0.032767

1104.7 1128.8 1153.3 1177.9 1202.9

1495.8 1469.9 1443.2 1415.7 1387.4

280 285 290 295 300

6416.6 6914.6 7441.8 7999.0 8587.9

0.001333 0.001349 0.001366 0.001384 0.001404

0.030153 0.027756 0.025554 0.023528 0.021659

1228.2 1253.7 1279.7 1306.0 1332.7

305 310 315 320 325

9209.4 9865.0 10,556 11,284 12,051

0.001425 0.001447 0.001472 0.001499 0.001528

0.019932 0.018333 0.016849 0.015470 0.014183

330 335 340 345 350

12,858 13,707 14,601 15,541 16,529

0.001560 0.001597 0.001638 0.001685 0.001741

355 360 365 370 373.95

17,570 18,666 19,822 21,044 22,064

0.001808 0.001895 0.002015 0.002217 0.003106

Entropy, kJ/kg·K Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Sat. Evap., vapor, sfg sg

1920.0 1899.7 1878.8 1857.4 1835.4

2794.8 2797.3 2799.3 2801.0 2802.2

2.3776 2.4245 2.4712 2.5176 2.5639

4.0154 3.9318 3.8489 3.7664 3.6844

6.3930 6.3563 6.3200 6.2840 6.2483

990.14 1013.7 1037.5 1061.5 1085.7

1812.8 1789.5 1765.5 1740.8 1715.3

2802.9 2803.2 2803.0 2802.2 2801.0

2.6100 2.6560 2.7018 2.7476 2.7933

3.6028 3.5216 3.4405 3.3596 3.2788

6.2128 6.1775 6.1424 6.1072 6.0721

2600.5 2598.7 2596.5 2593.7 2590.3

1110.1 1134.8 1159.8 1185.1 1210.7

1689.0 1661.8 1633.7 1604.6 1574.5

2799.1 2796.6 2793.5 2789.7 2785.2

2.8390 2.8847 2.9304 2.9762 3.0221

3.1979 3.1169 3.0358 2.9542 2.8723

6.0369 6.0017 5.9662 5.9305 5.8944

1358.2 1328.1 1296.9 1264.5 1230.9

2586.4 2581.8 2576.5 2570.5 2563.6

1236.7 1263.1 1289.8 1317.1 1344.8

1543.2 1510.7 1476.9 1441.6 1404.8

2779.9 2773.7 2766.7 2758.7 2749.6

3.0681 3.1144 3.1608 3.2076 3.2548

2.7898 2.7066 2.6225 2.5374 2.4511

5.8579 5.8210 5.7834 5.7450 5.7059

1360.0 1387.7 1416.1 1445.1 1475.0

1195.9 1159.3 1121.1 1080.9 1038.5

2555.8 2547.1 2537.2 2526.0 2513.4

1373.1 1402.0 1431.6 1462.0 1493.4

1366.3 1325.9 1283.4 1238.5 1191.0

2739.4 2727.9 2715.0 2700.6 2684.3

3.3024 3.3506 3.3994 3.4491 3.4998

2.3633 2.2737 2.1821 2.0881 1.9911

5.6657 5.6243 5.5816 5.5372 5.4908

0.012979 0.011848 0.010783 0.009772 0.008806

1505.7 1537.5 1570.7 1605.5 1642.4

993.5 945.5 893.8 837.7 775.9

2499.2 2483.0 2464.5 2443.2 2418.3

1525.8 1559.4 1594.6 1631.7 1671.2

1140.3 1086.0 1027.4 963.4 892.7

2666.0 2645.4 2622.0 2595.1 2563.9

3.5516 3.6050 3.6602 3.7179 3.7788

1.8906 1.7857 1.6756 1.5585 1.4326

5.4422 5.3907 5.3358 5.2765 5.2114

0.007872 0.006950 0.006009 0.004953 0.003106

1682.2 1726.2 1777.2 1844.5 2015.7

706.4 625.7 526.4 385.6 0

2388.6 2351.9 2303.6 2230.1 2015.7

1714.0 1761.5 1817.2 1891.2 2084.3

812.9 720.1 605.5 443.1 0

2526.9 2481.6 2422.7 2334.3 2084.3

3.8442 3.9165 4.0004 4.1119 4.4070

1.2942 1.1373 0.9489 0.6890 0

5.1384 5.0537 4.9493 4.8009 4.4070

Evap., hfg

Source of Data: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987) with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 905

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Confirming Pages 906 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table Specific volume, m3/kg Press., P kPa

Sat. temp., Tsat 8C

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Evap., sfg

Sat. vapor, sg

1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

6.97 13.02 17.50 21.08 24.08

0.001000 129.19 0.001001 87.964 0.001001 66.990 0.001002 54.242 0.001003 45.654

29.302 54.686 73.431 88.422 100.98

2355.2 2338.1 2325.5 2315.4 2306.9

2384.5 2392.8 2398.9 2403.8 2407.9

29.303 54.688 73.433 88.424 100.98

2484.4 2470.1 2459.5 2451.0 2443.9

2513.7 2524.7 2532.9 2539.4 2544.8

0.1059 0.1956 0.2606 0.3118 0.3543

8.8690 8.6314 8.4621 8.3302 8.2222

8.9749 8.8270 8.7227 8.6421 8.5765

4.0 5.0 7.5 10 15

28.96 32.87 40.29 45.81 53.97

0.001004 0.001005 0.001008 0.001010 0.001014

121.39 137.75 168.74 191.79 225.93

2293.1 2282.1 2261.1 2245.4 2222.1

2414.5 2419.8 2429.8 2437.2 2448.0

121.39 137.75 168.75 191.81 225.94

2432.3 2423.0 2405.3 2392.1 2372.3

2553.7 2560.7 2574.0 2583.9 2598.3

0.4224 0.4762 0.5763 0.6492 0.7549

8.0510 7.9176 7.6738 7.4996 7.2522

8.4734 8.3938 8.2501 8.1488 8.0071

20 25 30 40 50

60.06 64.96 69.09 75.86 81.32

0.001017 0.001020 0.001022 0.001026 0.001030

7.6481 6.2034 5.2287 3.9933 3.2403

251.40 271.93 289.24 317.58 340.49

2204.6 2190.4 2178.5 2158.8 2142.7

2456.0 2462.4 2467.7 2476.3 2483.2

251.42 271.96 289.27 317.62 340.54

2357.5 2345.5 2335.3 2318.4 2304.7

2608.9 2617.5 2624.6 2636.1 2645.2

0.8320 0.8932 0.9441 1.0261 1.0912

7.0752 6.9370 6.8234 6.6430 6.5019

7.9073 7.8302 7.7675 7.6691 7.5931

75 100 101.325 125 150

91.76 99.61 99.97 105.97 111.35

0.001037 0.001043 0.001043 0.001048 0.001053

2.2172 1.6941 1.6734 1.3750 1.1594

384.36 417.40 418.95 444.23 466.97

2111.8 2088.2 2087.0 2068.8 2052.3

2496.1 2505.6 2506.0 2513.0 2519.2

384.44 417.51 419.06 444.36 467.13

2278.0 2257.5 2256.5 2240.6 2226.0

2662.4 2675.0 2675.6 2684.9 2693.1

1.2132 1.3028 1.3069 1.3741 1.4337

6.2426 6.0562 6.0476 5.9100 5.7894

7.4558 7.3589 7.3545 7.2841 7.2231

175 200 225 250 275

116.04 120.21 123.97 127.41 130.58

0.001057 0.001061 0.001064 0.001067 0.001070

1.0037 0.88578 0.79329 0.71873 0.65732

486.82 504.50 520.47 535.08 548.57

2037.7 2024.6 2012.7 2001.8 1991.6

2524.5 2529.1 2533.2 2536.8 2540.1

487.01 504.71 520.71 535.35 548.86

2213.1 2201.6 2191.0 2181.2 2172.0

2700.2 2706.3 2711.7 2716.5 2720.9

1.4850 1.5302 1.5706 1.6072 1.6408

5.6865 5.5968 5.5171 5.4453 5.3800

7.1716 7.1270 7.0877 7.0525 7.0207

300 325 350 375 400

133.52 136.27 138.86 141.30 143.61

0.001073 0.001076 0.001079 0.001081 0.001084

0.60582 0.56199 0.52422 0.49133 0.46242

561.11 572.84 583.89 594.32 604.22

1982.1 1973.1 1964.6 1956.6 1948.9

2543.2 2545.9 2548.5 2550.9 2553.1

561.43 573.19 584.26 594.73 604.66

2163.5 2155.4 2147.7 2140.4 2133.4

2724.9 2728.6 2732.0 2735.1 2738.1

1.6717 1.7005 1.7274 1.7526 1.7765

5.3200 5.2645 5.2128 5.1645 5.1191

6.9917 6.9650 6.9402 6.9171 6.8955

450 500 550 600 650

147.90 151.83 155.46 158.83 161.98

0.001088 0.001093 0.001097 0.001101 0.001104

0.41392 0.37483 0.34261 0.31560 0.29260

622.65 639.54 655.16 669.72 683.37

1934.5 1921.2 1908.8 1897.1 1886.1

2557.1 2560.7 2563.9 2566.8 2569.4

623.14 640.09 655.77 670.38 684.08

2120.3 2108.0 2096.6 2085.8 2075.5

2743.4 2748.1 2752.4 2756.2 2759.6

1.8205 1.8604 1.8970 1.9308 1.9623

5.0356 4.9603 4.8916 4.8285 4.7699

6.8561 6.8207 6.7886 6.7593 6.7322

700 750

164.95 167.75

0.001108 0.001111

0.27278 696.23 0.25552 708.40

1875.6 1865.6

2571.8 2574.0

697.00 709.24

2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071 2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 906

34.791 28.185 19.233 14.670 10.020

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 907 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–5 Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded ) Specific volume, m3/kg

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Press., P kPa

Sat. temp., Tsat 8C

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Evap., sfg

Sat. vapor, sg

   800    850    900    950   1000

170.41 172.94 175.35 177.66 179.88

0.001115 0.001118 0.001121 0.001124 0.001127

0.24035 0.22690 0.21489 0.20411 0.19436

719.97 731.00 741.55 751.67 761.39

1856.1 1846.9 1838.1 1829.6 1821.4

2576.0 2577.9 2579.6 2581.3 2582.8

720.87 731.95 742.56 752.74 762.51

2047.5 2038.8 2030.5 2022.4 2014.6

2768.3 2770.8 2773.0 2775.2 2777.1

2.0457 2.0705 2.0941 2.1166 2.1381

4.6160 4.5705 4.5273 4.4862 4.4470

6.6616 6.6409 6.6213 6.6027 6.5850

  1100   1200   1300   1400   1500

184.06 187.96 191.60 195.04 198.29

0.001133 0.001138 0.001144 0.001149 0.001154

0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171

779.78 796.96 813.10 828.35 842.82

1805.7 1790.9 1776.8 1763.4 1750.6

2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4

781.03 798.33 814.59 829.96 844.55

1999.6 1985.4 1971.9 1958.9 1946.4

2780.7 2783.8 2786.5 2788.9 2791.0

2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143

4.3735 4.3058 4.2428 4.1840 4.1287

6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430

  1750   2000   2250   2500   3000

205.72 212.38 218.41 223.95 233.85

0.001166 0.001177 0.001187 0.001197 0.001217

0.11344 876.12 0.099587 906.12 0.088717 933.54 0.079952 958.87 0.066667 1004.6

1720.6 1693.0 1667.3 1643.2 1598.5

2596.7 878.16 2599.1 908.47 2600.9 936.21 2602.1 961.87 2603.2 1008.3

1917.1 1889.8 1864.3 1840.1 1794.9

2795.2 2798.3 2800.5 2801.9 2803.2

2.3844 2.4467 2.5029 2.5542 2.6454

4.0033 3.8923 3.7926 3.7016 3.5402

6.3877 6.3390 6.2954 6.2558 6.1856

  3500   4000   5000   6000   7000

242.56 250.35 263.94 275.59 285.83

0.001235 0.001252 0.001286 0.001319 0.001352

0.057061 0.049779 0.039448 0.032449 0.027378

1045.4 1082.4 1148.1 1205.8 1258.0

1557.6 1519.3 1448.9 1384.1 1323.0

2603.0 2601.7 2597.0 2589.9 2581.0

1049.7 1087.4 1154.5 1213.8 1267.5

1753.0 1713.5 1639.7 1570.9 1505.2

2802.7 2800.8 2794.2 2784.6 2772.6

2.7253 2.7966 2.9207 3.0275 3.1220

3.3991 3.2731 3.0530 2.8627 2.6927

6.1244 6.0696 5.9737 5.8902 5.8148

  8000   9000 10,000 11,000 12,000

295.01 303.35 311.00 318.08 324.68

0.001384 0.001418 0.001452 0.001488 0.001526

0.023525 0.020489 0.018028 0.015988 0.014264

1306.0 1350.9 1393.3 1433.9 1473.0

1264.5 1207.6 1151.8 1096.6 1041.3

2570.5 2558.5 2545.2 2530.4 2514.3

1317.1 1363.7 1407.8 1450.2 1491.3

1441.6 1379.3 1317.6 1256.1 1194.1

2758.7 2742.9 2725.5 2706.3 2685.4

3.2077 3.2866 3.3603 3.4299 3.4964

2.5373 2.3925 2.2556 2.1245 1.9975

5.7450 5.6791 5.6159 5.5544 5.4939

13,000 14,000 15,000 16,000 17,000

330.85 336.67 342.16 347.36 352.29

0.001566 0.001610 0.001657 0.001710 0.001770

0.012781 0.011487 0.010341 0.009312 0.008374

1511.0 1548.4 1585.5 1622.6 1660.2

985.5 928.7 870.3 809.4 745.1

2496.6 2477.1 2455.7 2432.0 2405.4

1531.4 1571.0 1610.3 1649.9 1690.3

1131.3 1067.0 1000.5 931.1 857.4

2662.7 2637.9 2610.8 2581.0 2547.7

3.5606 3.6232 3.6848 3.7461 3.8082

1.8730 1.7497 1.6261 1.5005 1.3709

5.4336 5.3728 5.3108 5.2466 5.1791

18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 22,064

356.99 361.47 365.75 369.83 373.71 373.95

0.001840 0.001926 0.002038 0.002207 0.002703 0.003106

0.007504 0.006677 0.005862 0.004994 0.003644 0.003106

1699.1 1740.3 1785.8 1841.6 1951.7 2015.7

675.9 598.9 509.0 391.9 140.8 0

2375.0 2339.2 2294.8 2233.5 2092.4 2015.7

1732.2 1776.8 1826.6 1888.0 2011.1 2084.3

777.8 689.2 585.5 450.4 161.5 0

2510.0 2466.0 2412.1 2338.4 2172.6 2084.3

3.8720 3.9396 4.0146 4.1071 4.2942 4.4070

1.2343 1.0860 0.9164 0.7005 0.2496 0

5.1064 5.0256 4.9310 4.8076 4.5439 4.4070

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 907

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 908 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–6 Superheated water T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

Sat.† 50 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

14.670 14.867 17.196 19.513 21.826 24.136 26.446 31.063 35.680 40.296 44.911 49.527 54.143 58.758 63.373 67.989 72.604

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.01 MPa (45.818C)* 2437.2 2443.3 2515.5 2587.9 2661.4 2736.1 2812.3 2969.3 3132.9 3303.3 3480.8 3665.4 3856.9 4055.3 4260.0 4470.9 4687.4

2583.9 2592.0 2687.5 2783.0 2879.6 2977.5 3076.7 3280.0 3489.7 3706.3 3929.9 4160.6 4398.3 4642.8 4893.8 5150.8 5413.4

8.1488 8.1741 8.4489 8.6893 8.9049 9.1015 9.2827 9.6094 9.8998 10.1631 10.4056 10.6312 10.8429 11.0429 11.2326 11.4132 11.5857

P 5 0.20 MPa (120.218C) Sat.  150  200  250  300  400  500  600  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.88578 0.95986 1.08049 1.19890 1.31623 1.54934 1.78142 2.01302 2.24434 2.47550 2.70656 2.93755 3.16848 3.39938 3.63026

2529.1 2577.1 2654.6 2731.4 2808.8 2967.2 3131.4 3302.2 3479.9 3664.7 3856.3 4054.8 4259.6 4470.5 4687.1

2706.3 7.1270 2769.1 7.2810 2870.7 7.5081 2971.2 7.7100 3072.1 7.8941 3277.0 8.2236 3487.7 8.5153 3704.8 8.7793 3928.8 9.0221 4159.8 9.2479 4397.7 9.4598 4642.3 9.6599 4893.3 9.8497 5150.4 10.0304 5413.1 10.2029

P 5 0.50 MPa (151.838C) Sat.  200  250  300  350  400  500  600  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.37483 0.42503 0.47443 0.52261 0.57015 0.61731 0.71095 0.80409 0.89696 0.98966 1.08227 1.17480 1.26728 1.35972 1.45214

2560.7 2643.3 2723.8 2803.3 2883.0 2963.7 3129.0 3300.4 3478.6 3663.6 3855.4 4054.0 4259.0 4470.0 4686.6

2748.1 2855.8 2961.0 3064.6 3168.1 3272.4 3484.5 3702.5 3927.0 4158.4 4396.6 4641.4 4892.6 5149.8 5412.6

6.8207 7.0610 7.2725 7.4614 7.6346 7.7956 8.0893 8.3544 8.5978 8.8240 9.0362 9.2364 9.4263 9.6071 9.7797

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.05 MPa (81.328C) 2483.2

2645.2

7.5931

3.4187 3.8897 4.3562 4.8206 5.2841 6.2094 7.1338 8.0577 8.9813 9.9047 10.8280 11.7513 12.6745 13.5977 14.5209

2511.5 2585.7 2660.0 2735.1 2811.6 2968.9 3132.6 3303.1 3480.6 3665.2 3856.8 4055.2 4259.9 4470.8 4687.3

2682.4 2780.2 2877.8 2976.2 3075.8 3279.3 3489.3 3706.0 3929.7 4160.4 4398.2 4642.7 4893.7 5150.7 5413.3

7.6953 7.9413 8.1592 8.3568 8.5387 8.8659 9.1566 9.4201 9.6626 9.8883 10.1000 10.3000 10.4897 10.6704 10.8429

P 5 0.30 MPa (133.528C) 2543.2 2571.0 2651.0 2728.9 2807.0 2966.0 3130.6 3301.6 3479.5 3664.3 3856.0 4054.5 4259.4 4470.3 4686.9

2724.9 6.9917 2761.2 7.0792 2865.9 7.3132 2967.9 7.5180 3069.6 7.7037 3275.5 8.0347 3486.6 8.3271 3704.0 8.5915 3928.2 8.8345 4159.3 9.0605 4397.3 9.2725 4642.0 9.4726 4893.1 9.6624 5150.2 9.8431 5413.0 10.0157

P 5 0.60 MPa (158.838C) 0.31560 0.35212 0.39390 0.43442 0.47428 0.51374 0.59200 0.66976 0.74725 0.82457 0.90179 0.97893 1.05603 1.13309 1.21012

2566.8 2639.4 2721.2 2801.4 2881.6 2962.5 3128.2 3299.8 3478.1 3663.2 3855.1 4053.8 4258.8 4469.8 4686.4

2756.2 2850.6 2957.6 3062.0 3166.1 3270.8 3483.4 3701.7 3926.4 4157.9 4396.2 4641.1 4892.4 5149.6 5412.5

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.10 MPa (99.618C)

3.2403

0.60582 0.63402 0.71643 0.79645 0.87535 1.03155 1.18672 1.34139 1.49580 1.65004 1.80417 1.95824 2.11226 2.26624 2.42019

v m3/kg

6.7593 6.9683 7.1833 7.3740 7.5481 7.7097 8.0041 8.2695 8.5132 8.7395 8.9518 9.1521 9.3420 9.5229 9.6955

1.6941 2505.6

2675.0

1.6959 1.9367 2.1724 2.4062 2.6389 3.1027 3.5655 4.0279 4.4900 4.9519 5.4137 5.8755 6.3372 6.7988 7.2605

2675.8 7.3611 2776.6 7.6148 2875.5 7.8356 2974.5 8.0346 3074.5 8.2172 3278.6 8.5452 3488.7 8.8362 3705.6 9.0999 3929.4 9.3424 4160.2 9.5682 4398.0 9.7800 4642.6 9.9800 4893.6 10.1698 5150.6 10.3504 5413.3 10.5229

2506.2 2582.9 2658.2 2733.9 2810.7 2968.3 3132.2 3302.8 3480.4 3665.0 3856.7 4055.0 4259.8 4470.7 4687.2

7.3589

P 5 0.40 MPa (143.618C) 0.46242 0.47088 0.53434 0.59520 0.65489 0.77265 0.88936 1.00558 1.12152 1.23730 1.35298 1.46859 1.58414 1.69966 1.81516

2553.1 2564.4 2647.2 2726.4 2805.1 2964.9 3129.8 3301.0 3479.0 3663.9 3855.7 4054.3 4259.2 4470.2 4686.7

2738.1 2752.8 2860.9 2964.5 3067.1 3273.9 3485.5 3703.3 3927.6 4158.9 4396.9 4641.7 4892.9 5150.0 5412.8

6.8955 6.9306 7.1723 7.3804 7.5677 7.9003 8.1933 8.4580 8.7012 8.9274 9.1394 9.3396 9.5295 9.7102 9.8828

P 5 0.80 MPa (170.418C) 0.24035 0.26088 0.29321 0.32416 0.35442 0.38429 0.44332 0.50186 0.56011 0.61820 0.67619 0.73411 0.79197 0.84980 0.90761

2576.0 2631.1 2715.9 2797.5 2878.6 2960.2 3126.6 3298.7 3477.2 3662.5 3854.5 4053.3 4258.3 4469.4 4686.1

2768.3 2839.8 2950.4 3056.9 3162.2 3267.7 3481.3 3700.1 3925.3 4157.0 4395.5 4640.5 4891.9 5149.3 5412.2

6.6616 6.8177 7.0402 7.2345 7.4107 7.5735 7.8692 8.1354 8.3794 8.6061 8.8185 9.0189 9.2090 9.3898 9.5625

*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure. † Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 908

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 909 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C

v m3/kg

Sat. 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.19437 0.20602 0.23275 0.25799 0.28250 0.30661 0.35411 0.40111 0.44783 0.49438 0.54083 0.58721 0.63354 0.67983 0.72610

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg?K

P 5 1.00 MPa (179.888C) 2582.8 2622.3 2710.4 2793.7 2875.7 2957.9 3125.0 3297.5 3476.3 3661.7 3853.9 4052.7 4257.9 4469.0 4685.8

2777.1 2828.3 2943.1 3051.6 3158.2 3264.5 3479.1 3698.6 3924.1 4156.1 4394.8 4640.0 4891.4 5148.9 5411.9

6.5850 6.6956 6.9265 7.1246 7.3029 7.4670 7.7642 8.0311 8.2755 8.5024 8.7150 8.9155 9.1057 9.2866 9.4593

P 5 1.60 MPa (201.378C) Sat.  225  250  300  350  400  500  600  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.12374 0.13293 0.14190 0.15866 0.17459 0.19007 0.22029 0.24999 0.27941 0.30865 0.33780 0.36687 0.39589 0.42488 0.45383

2594.8 2645.1 2692.9 2781.6 2866.6 2950.8 3120.1 3293.9 3473.5 3659.5 3852.1 4051.2 4256.6 4467.9 4684.8

2792.8 2857.8 2919.9 3035.4 3146.0 3254.9 3472.6 3693.9 3920.5 4153.4 4392.6 4638.2 4890.0 5147.7 5410.9

6.4200 6.5537 6.6753 6.8864 7.0713 7.2394 7.5410 7.8101 8.0558 8.2834 8.4965 8.6974 8.8878 9.0689 9.2418

P 5 2.50 MPa (223.958C) Sat.  225  250  300  350  400  450  500  600  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.07995 0.08026 0.08705 0.09894 0.10979 0.12012 0.13015 0.13999 0.15931 0.17835 0.19722 0.21597 0.23466 0.25330 0.27190 0.29048

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 909

2602.1 2604.8 2663.3 2762.2 2852.5 2939.8 3026.2 3112.8 3288.5 3469.3 3656.2 3849.4 4049.0 4254.7 4466.3 4683.4

2801.9 2805.5 2880.9 3009.6 3127.0 3240.1 3351.6 3462.8 3686.8 3915.2 4149.2 4389.3 4635.6 4887.9 5146.0 5409.5

6.2558 6.2629 6.4107 6.6459 6.8424 7.0170 7.1768 7.3254 7.5979 7.8455 8.0744 8.2882 8.4897 8.6804 8.8618 9.0349

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 1.20 MPa (187.968C) 0.16326 0.16934 0.19241 0.21386 0.23455 0.25482 0.29464 0.33395 0.37297 0.41184 0.45059 0.48928 0.52792 0.56652 0.60509

2587.8 2612.9 2704.7 2789.7 2872.7 2955.5 3123.4 3296.3 3475.3 3661.0 3853.3 4052.2 4257.5 4468.7 4685.5

2783.8 2816.1 2935.6 3046.3 3154.2 3261.3 3477.0 3697.0 3922.9 4155.2 4394.0 4639.4 4891.0 5148.5 5411.6

6.5217 6.5909 6.8313 7.0335 7.2139 7.3793 7.6779 7.9456 8.1904 8.4176 8.6303 8.8310 9.0212 9.2022 9.3750

P 5 1.80 MPa (207.118C) 0.11037 0.11678 0.12502 0.14025 0.15460 0.16849 0.19551 0.22200 0.24822 0.27426 0.30020 0.32606 0.35188 0.37766 0.40341

2597.3 2637.0 2686.7 2777.4 2863.6 2948.3 3118.5 3292.7 3472.6 3658.8 3851.5 4050.7 4256.2 4467.6 4684.5

2795.9 2847.2 2911.7 3029.9 3141.9 3251.6 3470.4 3692.3 3919.4 4152.4 4391.9 4637.6 4889.6 5147.3 5410.6

6.3775 6.4825 6.6088 6.8246 7.0120 7.1814 7.4845 7.7543 8.0005 8.2284 8.4417 8.6427 8.8331 9.0143 9.1872

P 5 3.00 MPa (233.858C)

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 1.40 MPa (195.048C) 0.14078 0.14303 0.16356 0.18233 0.20029 0.21782 0.25216 0.28597 0.31951 0.35288 0.38614 0.41933 0.45247 0.48558 0.51866

2591.8 2602.7 2698.9 2785.7 2869.7 2953.1 3121.8 3295.1 3474.4 3660.3 3852.7 4051.7 4257.0 4468.3 4685.1

2788.9 2803.0 2927.9 3040.9 3150.1 3258.1 3474.8 3695.5 3921.7 4154.3 4393.3 4638.8 4890.5 5148.1 5411.3

6.4675 6.4975 6.7488 6.9553 7.1379 7.3046 7.6047 7.8730 8.1183 8.3458 8.5587 8.7595 8.9497 9.1308 9.3036

P 5 2.00 MPa (212.388C) 0.09959 0.10381 0.11150 0.12551 0.13860 0.15122 0.17568 0.19962 0.22326 0.24674 0.27012 0.29342 0.31667 0.33989 0.36308

2599.1 2628.5 2680.3 2773.2 2860.5 2945.9 3116.9 3291.5 3471.7 3658.0 3850.9 4050.2 4255.7 4467.2 4684.2

2798.3 2836.1 2903.3 3024.2 3137.7 3248.4 3468.3 3690.7 3918.2 4151.5 4391.1 4637.1 4889.1 5147.0 5410.3

6.3390 6.4160 6.5475 6.7684 6.9583 7.1292 7.4337 7.7043 7.9509 8.1791 8.3925 8.5936 8.7842 8.9654 9.1384

P 5 3.50 MPa (242.568C)

0.06667

2603.2 2803.2 6.1856

0.05706

2603.0 2802.7 6.1244

0.07063 0.08118 0.09056 0.09938 0.10789 0.11620 0.13245 0.14841 0.16420 0.17988 0.19549 0.21105 0.22658 0.24207

2644.7 2750.8 2844.4 2933.6 3021.2 3108.6 3285.5 3467.0 3654.3 3847.9 4047.7 4253.6 4465.3 4682.6

0.05876 0.06845 0.07680 0.08456 0.09198 0.09919 0.11325 0.12702 0.14061 0.15410 0.16751 0.18087 0.19420 0.20750

2624.0 2738.8 2836.0 2927.2 3016.1 3104.5 3282.5 3464.7 3652.5 3846.4 4046.4 4252.5 4464.4 4681.8

2856.5 2994.3 3116.1 3231.7 3344.9 3457.2 3682.8 3912.2 4146.9 4387.5 4634.2 4886.7 5145.1 5408.8

6.2893 6.5412 6.7450 6.9235 7.0856 7.2359 7.5103 7.7590 7.9885 8.2028 8.4045 8.5955 8.7771 8.9502

2829.7 2978.4 3104.9 3223.2 3338.1 3451.7 3678.9 3909.3 4144.6 4385.7 4632.7 4885.6 5144.1 5408.0

6.1764 6.4484 6.6601 6.8428 7.0074 7.1593 7.4357 7.6855 7.9156 8.1304 8.3324 8.5236 8.7053 8.8786

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 910 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Continued) T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

Sat. 275 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.04978 0.05461 0.05887 0.06647 0.07343 0.08004 0.08644 0.09886 0.11098 0.12292 0.13476 0.14653 0.15824 0.16992 0.18157

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 4.0 MPa (250.358C) 2601.7 2668.9 2726.2 2827.4 2920.8 3011.0 3100.3 3279.4 3462.4 3650.6 3844.8 4045.1 4251.4 4463.5 4680.9

2800.8 2887.3 2961.7 3093.3 3214.5 3331.2 3446.0 3674.9 3906.3 4142.3 4383.9 4631.2 4884.4 5143.2 5407.2

6.0696 6.2312 6.3639 6.5843 6.7714 6.9386 7.0922 7.3706 7.6214 7.8523 8.0675 8.2698 8.4612 8.6430 8.8164

P 5 6.0 MPa (275.598C) Sat.  300  350  400  450  500  550  600  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.03245 0.03619 0.04225 0.04742 0.05217 0.05667 0.06102 0.06527 0.07355 0.08165 0.08964 0.09756 0.10543 0.11326 0.12107

2589.9 2668.4 2790.4 2893.7 2989.9 3083.1 3175.2 3267.2 3453.0 3643.2 3838.8 4040.1 4247.1 4459.8 4677.7

2784.6 2885.6 3043.9 3178.3 3302.9 3423.1 3541.3 3658.8 3894.3 4133.1 4376.6 4625.4 4879.7 5139.4 5404.1

5.8902 6.0703 6.3357 6.5432 6.7219 6.8826 7.0308 7.1693 7.4247 7.6582 7.8751 8.0786 8.2709 8.4534 8.6273

P 5 9.0 MPa (303.358C) Sat.  325  350  400  450  500  550  600  650  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.020489 0.023284 0.025816 0.029960 0.033524 0.036793 0.039885 0.042861 0.045755 0.048589 0.054132 0.059562 0.064919 0.070224 0.075492 0.080733

2558.5 2647.6 2725.0 2849.2 2956.3 3056.3 3153.0 3248.4 3343.4 3438.8 3632.0 3829.6 4032.4 4240.7 4454.2 4672.9

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 910

2742.9 2857.1 2957.3 3118.8 3258.0 3387.4 3512.0 3634.1 3755.2 3876.1 4119.2 4365.7 4616.7 4872.7 5133.6 5399.5

5.6791 5.8738 6.0380 6.2876 6.4872 6.6603 6.8164 6.9605 7.0954 7.2229 7.4606 7.6802 7.8855 8.0791 8.2625 8.4371

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 4.5 MPa (257.448C) 0.04406 0.04733 0.05138 0.05842 0.06477 0.07076 0.07652 0.08766 0.09850 0.10916 0.11972 0.13020 0.14064 0.15103 0.16140

2599.7 2651.4 2713.0 2818.6 2914.2 3005.8 3096.0 3276.4 3460.0 3648.8 3843.3 4043.9 4250.4 4462.6 4680.1

2798.0 2864.4 2944.2 3081.5 3205.7 3324.2 3440.4 3670.9 3903.3 4140.0 4382.1 4629.8 4883.2 5142.2 5406.5

6.0198 6.1429 6.2854 6.5153 6.7071 6.8770 7.0323 7.3127 7.5647 7.7962 8.0118 8.2144 8.4060 8.5880 8.7616

P 5 7.0 MPa (285.838C) 0.027378 0.029492 0.035262 0.039958 0.044187 0.048157 0.051966 0.055665 0.062850 0.069856 0.076750 0.083571 0.090341 0.097075 0.103781

2581.0 2633.5 2770.1 2879.5 2979.0 3074.3 3167.9 3261.0 3448.3 3639.5 3835.7 4037.5 4245.0 4457.9 4676.1

2772.6 2839.9 3016.9 3159.2 3288.3 3411.4 3531.6 3650.6 3888.3 4128.5 4373.0 4622.5 4877.4 5137.4 5402.6

5.8148 5.9337 6.2305 6.4502 6.6353 6.8000 6.9507 7.0910 7.3487 7.5836 7.8014 8.0055 8.1982 8.3810 8.5551

P 5 10.0 MPa (311.008C) 0.018028 0.019877 0.022440 0.026436 0.029782 0.032811 0.035655 0.038378 0.041018 0.043597 0.048629 0.053547 0.058391 0.063183 0.067938 0.072667

2545.2 2611.6 2699.6 2833.1 2944.5 3047.0 3145.4 3242.0 3338.0 3434.0 3628.2 3826.5 4029.9 4238.5 4452.4 4671.3

2725.5 2810.3 2924.0 3097.5 3242.4 3375.1 3502.0 3625.8 3748.1 3870.0 4114.5 4362.0 4613.8 4870.3 5131.7 5398.0

5.6159 5.7596 5.9460 6.2141 6.4219 6.5995 6.7585 6.9045 7.0408 7.1693 7.4085 7.6290 7.8349 8.0289 8.2126 8.3874

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 5.0 MPa (263.948C) 0.03945 0.04144 0.04535 0.05197 0.05784 0.06332 0.06858 0.07870 0.08852 0.09816 0.10769 0.11715 0.12655 0.13592 0.14527

2597.0 2632.3 2699.0 2809.5 2907.5 3000.6 3091.8 3273.3 3457.7 3646.9 3841.8 4042.6 4249.3 4461.6 4679.3

2794.2 2839.5 2925.7 3069.3 3196.7 3317.2 3434.7 3666.9 3900.3 4137.7 4380.2 4628.3 4882.1 5141.3 5405.7

5.9737 6.0571 6.2111 6.4516 6.6483 6.8210 6.9781 7.2605 7.5136 7.7458 7.9619 8.1648 8.3566 8.5388 8.7124

P 5 8.0 MPa (295.018C) 0.023525 0.024279 0.029975 0.034344 0.038194 0.041767 0.045172 0.048463 0.054829 0.061011 0.067082 0.073079 0.079025 0.084934 0.090817

2570.5 2592.3 2748.3 2864.6 2967.8 3065.4 3160.5 3254.7 3443.6 3635.7 3832.7 4035.0 4242.8 4456.1 4674.5

2758.7 2786.5 2988.1 3139.4 3273.3 3399.5 3521.8 3642.4 3882.2 4123.8 4369.3 4619.6 4875.0 5135.5 5401.0

5.7450 5.7937 6.1321 6.3658 6.5579 6.7266 6.8800 7.0221 7.2822 7.5185 7.7372 7.9419 8.1350 8.3181 8.4925

P 5 12.5 MPa (327.818C) 0.013496 2505.6

2674.3 5.4638

0.016138 0.020030 0.023019 0.025630 0.028033 0.030306 0.032491 0.034612 0.038724 0.042720 0.046641 0.050510 0.054342 0.058147

2826.6 3040.0 3201.5 3343.6 3476.5 3604.6 3730.2 3854.6 4102.8 4352.9 4606.5 4864.5 5127.0 5394.1

2624.9 2789.6 2913.7 3023.2 3126.1 3225.8 3324.1 3422.0 3618.8 3818.9 4023.5 4233.1 4447.7 4667.3

5.7130 6.0433 6.2749 6.4651 6.6317 6.7828 6.9227 7.0540 7.2967 7.5195 7.7269 7.9220 8.1065 8.2819

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 911 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–6 Superheated water (Concluded ) T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

0.010341 0.011481 0.015671 0.018477 0.020828 0.022945 0.024921 0.026804 0.028621 0.032121 0.035503 0.038808 0.042062 0.045279 0.048469

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 15.0 MPa (342.168C) 2455.7 2520.9 2740.6 2880.8 2998.4 3106.2 3209.3 3310.1 3409.8 3609.3 3811.2 4017.1 4227.7 4443.1 4663.3

2610.8 2693.1 2975.7 3157.9 3310.8 3450.4 3583.1 3712.1 3839.1 4091.1 4343.7 4599.2 4858.6 5122.3 5390.3

5.3108 5.4438 5.8819 6.1434 6.3480 6.5230 6.6796 6.8233 6.9573 7.2037 7.4288 7.6378 7.8339 8.0192 8.1952

v m3/kg

0.001978 0.006005 0.007886 0.009176 0.011143 0.012736 0.014140 0.015430 0.016643 0.018922 0.021075 0.023150 0.025172 0.027157 0.029115

1799.9 2428.5 2607.8 2721.2 2887.3 3020.8 3140.0 3251.9 3359.9 3570.7 3780.2 3991.5 4206.1 4424.6 4647.2

1849.4 2578.7 2805.0 2950.6 3165.9 3339.2 3493.5 3637.7 3776.0 4043.8 4307.1 4570.2 4835.4 5103.5 5375.1

0.001641 0.001911 0.002538 0.003692 0.005623 0.006985 0.008089 0.009053 0.009930 0.011521 0.012980 0.014360 0.015686 0.016976 0.018239

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 911

1677.0 1855.0 2097.5 2364.2 2681.6 2875.1 3026.8 3159.5 3282.0 3511.8 3733.3 3952.9 4173.7 4396.9 4623.3

1742.6 1931.4 2199.0 2511.8 2906.5 3154.4 3350.4 3521.6 3679.2 3972.6 4252.5 4527.3 4801.1 5075.9 5352.8

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 17.5 MPa (354.678C)

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

4.9310

0.012463 0.015204 0.017385 0.019305 0.021073 0.022742 0.024342 0.027405 0.030348 0.033215 0.036029 0.038806 0.041556

0.009950 0.012721 0.014793 0.016571 0.018185 0.019695 0.021134 0.023870 0.026484 0.029020 0.031504 0.033952 0.036371

5.5526 5.9043 6.1446 6.3390 6.5075 6.6593 6.7991 7.0531 7.2829 7.4950 7.6933 7.8802 8.0574

2684.3 2845.4 2972.4 3085.8 3192.5 3295.8 3397.5 3599.7 3803.5 4010.7 4222.3 4438.5 4659.2

2902.4 3111.4 3276.7 3423.6 3561.3 3693.8 3823.5 4079.3 4334.6 4592.0 4852.8 5117.6 5386.5

5.7211 6.0212 6.2424 6.4266 6.5890 6.7366 6.8735 7.1237 7.3511 7.5616 7.7588 7.9449 8.1215

0.001792 0.002798 0.005299 0.006737 0.008691 0.010175 0.011445 0.012590 0.013654 0.015628 0.017473 0.019240 0.020954 0.022630 0.024279

1738.1 2068.9 2452.9 2618.9 2824.0 2974.5 3103.4 3221.7 3334.3 3551.2 3764.6 3978.6 4195.2 4415.3 4639.2

1791.9 2152.8 2611.8 2821.0 3084.8 3279.7 3446.8 3599.4 3743.9 4020.0 4288.8 4555.8 4823.9 5094.2 5367.6

0.001560 0.001731 0.002009 0.002487 0.003890 0.005118 0.006108 0.006957 0.007717 0.009073 0.010296 0.011441 0.012534 0.013590 0.014620

1638.6 1787.8 1960.3 2160.3 2528.1 2769.5 2947.1 3095.6 3228.7 3472.2 3702.0 3927.4 4152.2 4378.6 4607.5

1716.6 1874.4 2060.7 2284.7 2722.6 3025.4 3252.6 3443.5 3614.6 3925.8 4216.8 4499.4 4778.9 5058.1 5338.5

2617.9 2807.3 2945.3 3064.7 3175.3 3281.4 3385.1 3590.1 3795.7 4004.3 4216.9 4433.8 4655.2

2816.9 3061.7 3241.2 3396.2 3539.0 3675.3 3807.8 4067.5 4325.4 4584.7 4847.0 5112.9 5382.7

P 5 35.0 MPa 3.9313 4.4758 5.1473 5.4422 5.7956 6.0403 6.2373 6.4074 6.5599 6.8301 7.0695 7.2880 7.4906 7.6807 7.8602

0.001701 0.002105 0.003434 0.004957 0.006933 0.008348 0.009523 0.010565 0.011523 0.013278 0.014904 0.016450 0.017942 0.019398 0.020827

P 5 50.0 MPa 3.8290 4.1145 4.5044 4.9449 5.4744 5.7857 6.0170 6.2078 6.3740 6.6613 6.9107 7.1355 7.3425 7.5357 7.7175

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 20.0 MPa (365.758C)

P 5 30.0 MPa 4.0345 5.1400 5.4708 5.6759 5.9643 6.1816 6.3637 6.5243 6.6702 6.9322 7.1668 7.3821 7.5825 7.7710 7.9494

h kJ/kg

0.005862 2294.8 2412.1

P 5 40.0 MPa  375  400  425  450  500  550  600  650  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

h kJ/kg

0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435

P 5 25.0 MPa  375  400  425  450  500  550  600  650  700  800  900 1000 1100 1200 1300

u kJ/kg

1702.8 1914.9 2253.3 2497.5 2755.3 2925.8 3065.6 3190.9 3308.3 3531.6 3749.0 3965.8 4184.4 4406.1 4631.2

1762.4 1988.6 2373.5 2671.0 2997.9 3218.0 3399.0 3560.7 3711.6 3996.3 4270.6 4541.5 4812.4 5085.0 5360.2

3.8724 4.2144 4.7751 5.1946 5.6331 5.9093 6.1229 6.3030 6.4623 6.7409 6.9853 7.2069 7.4118 7.6034 7.7841

P 5 60.0 MPa 3.7642 4.0029 4.2746 4.5896 5.1762 5.5563 5.8245 6.0373 6.2179 6.5225 6.7819 7.0131 7.2244 7.4207 7.6048

0.001503 0.001633 0.001816 0.002086 0.002952 0.003955 0.004833 0.005591 0.006265 0.007456 0.008519 0.009504 0.010439 0.011339 0.012213

1609.7 1745.2 1892.9 2055.1 2393.2 2664.6 2866.8 3031.3 3175.4 3432.6 3670.9 3902.0 4130.9 4360.5 4591.8

1699.9 1843.2 2001.8 2180.2 2570.3 2901.9 3156.8 3366.8 3551.3 3880.0 4182.1 4472.2 4757.3 5040.8 5324.5

3.7149 3.9317 4.1630 4.4140 4.9356 5.3517 5.6527 5.8867 6.0814 6.4033 6.6725 6.9099 7.1255 7.3248 7.5111

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 912 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–7 Compressed liquid water T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

Sat.    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5 0.0009977 0.04 5.03 0.0009996 83.61 88.61 0.0010057 166.92 171.95 0.0010149 250.29 255.36 0.0010267 333.82 338.96 0.0010410 417.65 422.85 0.0010576 501.91 507.19 0.0010769 586.80 592.18 0.0010988 672.55 678.04 0.0011240 759.47 765.09 0.0011531 847.92 853.68 0.0011868 938.39 944.32 0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7 0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 5 MPa (263.948C)

u kJ/kg

v m3/kg

0.0020378 0.0009904 0.0009929 0.0009992 0.0010084 0.0010199 0.0010337 0.0010496 0.0010679 0.0010886 0.0011122 0.0011390 0.0011697 0.0012053 0.0012472 0.0012978 0.0013611 0.0014450 0.0015693 0.0018248

1785.8 0.23 82.71 165.17 247.75 330.50 413.50 496.85 580.71 665.28 750.78 837.49 925.77 1016.1 1109.0 1205.6 1307.2 1416.6 1540.2 1703.6

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 912

1826.6 20.03 102.57 185.16 267.92 350.90 434.17 517.84 602.07 687.05 773.02 860.27 949.16 1040.2 1134.0 1231.5 1334.4 1445.5 1571.6 1740.1

s kJ/kg·K

v m3/kg

3.3603 0.0003 0.2943 0.5685 0.8260 1.0691 1.2996 1.5191 1.7293 1.9316 2.1271 2.3174 2.5037 2.6876 2.8710 3.0565 3.2488

0.0016572 0.0009928 0.0009951 0.0010013 0.0010105 0.0010221 0.0010361 0.0010522 0.0010708 0.0010920 0.0011160 0.0011435 0.0011752 0.0012121 0.0012560 0.0013096 0.0013783 0.0014733 0.0016311

P 5 10 MPa (311.008C) 2.9207 0.0001 0.2954 0.5705 0.8287 1.0723 1.3034 1.5236 1.7344 1.9374 2.1338 2.3251 2.5127 2.6983 2.8841

0.0014522 0.0009952 0.0009973 0.0010035 0.0010127 0.0010244 0.0010385 0.0010549 0.0010738 0.0010954 0.0011200 0.0011482 0.0011809 0.0012192 0.0012653 0.0013226 0.0013980

P 5 20 MPa (365.758C) Sat.    0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380

h kJ/kg

1393.3 0.12 83.31 166.33 249.43 332.69 416.23 500.18 584.72 670.06 756.48 844.32 934.01 1026.2 1121.6 1221.8 1329.4

1407.9 10.07 93.28 176.37 259.55 342.94 426.62 510.73 595.45 681.01 767.68 855.80 945.82 1038.3 1134.3 1235.0 1343.3

u kJ/kg

0.0009857 0.0009886 0.0009951 0.0010042 0.0010155 0.0010290 0.0010445 0.0010623 0.0010823 0.0011049 0.0011304 0.0011595 0.0011927 0.0012314 0.0012770 0.0013322 0.0014014 0.0014932 0.0016276 0.0018729

0.29 82.11 164.05 246.14 328.40 410.87 493.66 576.90 660.74 745.40 831.11 918.15 1006.9 1097.8 1191.5 1288.9 1391.7 1502.4 1626.8 1782.0

29.86 111.77 193.90 276.26 358.86 441.74 525.00 608.76 693.21 778.55 865.02 952.93 1042.7 1134.7 1229.8 1328.9 1433.7 1547.1 1675.6 1838.2

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 15 MPa (342.168C)

P 5 30 MPa 4.0146 0.0005 0.2921 0.5646 0.8208 1.0627 1.2920 1.5105 1.7194 1.9203 2.1143 2.3027 2.4867 2.6676 2.8469 3.0265 3.2091 3.3996 3.6086 3.8787

h kJ/kg

1585.5 0.18 83.01 165.75 248.58 331.59 414.85 498.50 582.69 667.63 753.58 840.84 929.81 1021.0 1115.1 1213.4 1317.6 1431.9 1567.9

1610.3 15.07 97.93 180.77 263.74 346.92 430.39 514.28 598.75 684.01 770.32 858.00 947.43 1039.2 1134.0 1233.0 1338.3 1454.0 1592.4

3.6848 0.0004 0.2932 0.5666 0.8234 1.0659 1.2958 1.5148 1.7243 1.9259 2.1206 2.3100 2.4951 2.6774 2.8586 3.0410 3.2279 3.4263 3.6555

P 5 50 MPa 0.0003 0.2897 0.5607 0.8156 1.0564 1.2847 1.5020 1.7098 1.9094 2.1020 2.2888 2.4707 2.6491 2.8250 3.0001 3.1761 3.3558 3.5438 3.7499 4.0026

0.0009767 0.0009805 0.0009872 0.0009962 0.0010072 0.0010201 0.0010349 0.0010517 0.0010704 0.0010914 0.0011149 0.0011412 0.0011708 0.0012044 0.0012430 0.0012879 0.0013409 0.0014049 0.0014848 0.0015884

0.29 80.93 161.90 243.08 324.42 405.94 487.69 569.77 652.33 735.49 819.45 904.39 990.55 1078.2 1167.7 1259.6 1354.3 1452.9 1556.5 1667.1

49.13 20.0010 129.95 0.2845 211.25 0.5528 292.88 0.8055 374.78 1.0442 456.94 1.2705 539.43 1.4859 622.36 1.6916 705.85 1.8889 790.06 2.0790 875.19 2.2628 961.45 2.4414 1049.1 2.6156 1138.4 2.7864 1229.9 2.9547 1324.0 3.1218 1421.4 3.2888 1523.1 3.4575 1630.7 3.6301 1746.5 3.8102

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 913 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–8 Saturated ice–water vapor Specific volume, m3/kg

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg·K

Temp., T 8C

Sat. press., Psat kPa

Sat. ice, vi

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. ice, ui

Subl., uig

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. ice, hi

Subl., hig

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. ice, si

Subl., sig

Sat. vapor, sg

0.01 0 22 24 26 28 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240

0.61169 0.61115 0.51772 0.43748 0.36873 0.30998 0.25990 0.21732 0.18121 0.15068 0.12492 0.10326 0.08510 0.06991 0.05725 0.04673 0.03802 0.03082 0.02490 0.02004 0.01608 0.01285

0.001091 0.001091 0.001091 0.001090 0.001090 0.001090 0.001089 0.001089 0.001088 0.001088 0.001088 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001087 0.001086 0.001086 0.001086 0.001085 0.001085 0.001085 0.001084

205.99 206.17 241.62 283.84 334.27 394.66 467.17 554.47 659.88 787.51 942.51 1131.3 1362.0 1644.7 1992.2 2421.0 2951.7 3610.9 4432.4 5460.1 6750.5 8376.7

2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.94 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00 2400.72 2404.40 2408.07 2411.70

2707.9 2707.9 2709.4 2710.8 2712.2 2713.5 2714.8 2716.1 2717.3 2718.6 2719.7 2720.9 2722.0 2723.1 2724.2 2725.2 2726.2 2727.2 2728.1 2729.0 2729.9 2730.7

2374.5 2374.5 2371.8 2369.0 2366.2 2363.5 2360.7 2357.9 2355.2 2352.4 2349.6 2346.8 2344.1 2341.3 2338.5 2335.7 2332.9 2330.2 2327.4 2324.6 2321.8 2319.0

2333.40 2333.43 2337.63 2341.80 2345.93 2350.04 2354.12 2358.17 2362.18 2366.17 2370.13 2374.06 2377.95 2381.82 2385.66 2389.47 2393.25 2397.00 2400.72 2404.40 2408.07 2411.70

2833.9 2833.9 2834.5 2835.0 2835.4 2835.8 2836.2 2836.6 2836.9 2837.2 2837.5 2837.7 2837.9 2838.1 2838.2 2838.3 2838.4 2838.4 2838.5 2838.4 2838.4 2838.3

2500.5 2500.5 2496.8 2493.2 2489.5 2485.8 2482.1 2478.4 2474.7 2471.0 2467.3 2463.6 2459.9 2456.2 2452.5 2448.8 2445.1 2441.4 2437.7 2434.0 2430.3 2426.6

21.2202 21.2204 21.2358 21.2513 21.2667 21.2821 21.2976 21.3130 21.3284 21.3439 21.3593 21.3748 21.3903 21.4057 21.4212 21.4367 21.4521 21.4676 21.4831 21.4986 21.5141 21.5296

10.374 10.375 10.453 10.533 10.613 10.695 10.778 10.862 10.947 11.033 11.121 11.209 11.300 11.391 11.484 11.578 11.673 11.770 11.869 11.969 12.071 12.174

9.154 9.154 9.218 9.282 9.347 9.413 9.480 9.549 9.618 9.689 9.761 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.063 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.557 10.644

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 913

11/22/13 4:08 PM

1

h = 40

0k

0 0

%

60 0

3

id

u liq

0 60

4

00 50%

20

00

22

00

Sa tu

ra

6

60

00

or

24

va p

%

70

te d

0 10 80

0 80 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 35 00 3 0 25 0 20 0 15

5 Entropy, kJ/kg·K

18

0

J/k

g

20 0

h=

26

7

k J/

80%

00

7

Qu

kg

10 kg /m 3

a lit

y=

8

1 kg/m 3

9

90 %

8

9

2650 h = 2600 2650 kJ/kg 2550

2800

2900

3000

3100

3200

3300

3400

3500

3600

3700

3800

3900

4000

4100

4200

4300

4400

4500

4600

4700

4800

4900

5000

h = 5000 kJ/kg

Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.

2

20

80 0

= ty ali Qu

% 10

ted

a

tur

Sa

1 00 0

0 100

0 120

0 140

1600

1800

4000 3800 3600 3400

0 3200

00

h = 4200 kJ/ kg

4500

6

300 k g/m 3

/m 3 328200

3000

2600

2400 kJ/ 2200 kg h= 0 0 0 2

00

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

5 550 60%

FIGURE A–9 T-s diagram for water.

Temperature, °C

= kg sity Den P= 300 20 00 b 15 000 ar 100 000 80000 0 50 4 00 6000 30 000 00 20 15 00 00

50 00

10

4

30 kg /m 3

20 15 10

900

3

30

100 k g/m 3

40 30

kg/m 3 0.3

1000

2

3 kg/m 3

8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1.0

kg/m 3 0.1

1100

1

1 20 %

14

40%

3k 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 5 0.08 0. 1 6 0. 0 0.04 3 0.0 0.02 15

.01

g/m 3 0.0 D 0

0 10

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

10 1200

kg/m 3 =0 ens ity .00 8

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 914 1

0. 0 006 0. .004 0 0. 03 00 2

0 1200

Confirming Pages

914 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 915 APPENDIX 1 5000

2

3

4

5

6

7

1100°C

T

8

9

10 5000

C 0° 10 =1

1000°C

400°C

98% 96% Qu 94% alit y = 92% 90% 88 86% % 84% 82% 80% 78 76 % 74 % 72 % 70 % 68 % %

T = 300°C

2000

3000

0. 0. 3 0 0. .08 0.12 0 0 0. 6 .1 5 04 0.0 0.0 5 0. 3 01 0. 5 01

0 0. .8 0.4 6

8 6 4

3 2 1.5 1.0

5

De nsi ty =

0.01 kg

/m 3

0.1 kg/m 3

1 kg /m 3

150 00

200 00

250 00

300

00

bar

800°C

P=

4000

700°C

600°C

3000 500°C

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Dens 100 i ty = 1 00 000 kg 800 /m 3 0 600 0 500 40000 3000 20 15 00 800 10 00 00 6 40000 5 00 30 2000 100 kg / m 3 80 1150 00 60 40 50 30 20 15 10 k 10 g/m 3

900°C

4000

02 0.

P

=

r ba 08 0.0

2000

% 66 % 64 % 62 % 60 % 58 56% 54% 52% 50% 48% 46% 44% 42% 40%

1000

2

3

4

5

6 Entropy, kJ/kg·K

7

8

9

1000 10

FIGURE A-10 Mollier diagram for water. Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 915

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 916 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table Specific volume, m3/kg Sat. Temp., press., T 8C Psat kPa 240 238 236 234 232 230 228 226 224 222 220 218 216 214 212 210 28 26 24 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

51.25 56.86 62.95 69.56 76.71 84.43 92.76 101.73 111.37 121.72 132.82 144.69 157.38 170.93 185.37 200.74 217.08 234.44 252.85 272.36 293.01 314.84 337.90 362.23 387.88 414.89 443.31 473.19 504.58 537.52 572.07 608.27 646.18 685.84 727.31 770.64 815.89 863.11 912.35 963.68 1017.1 1072.8 1130.7

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Evap., sfg

Sat. vapor, sg

0.0007053 0.0007082 0.0007111 0.0007141 0.0007171 0.0007201 0.0007232 0.0007264 0.0007296 0.0007328 0.0007361 0.0007394 0.0007428 0.0007463 0.0007498 0.0007533 0.0007570 0.0007607 0.0007644 0.0007683 0.0007722 0.0007761 0.0007802 0.0007843 0.0007886 0.0007929 0.0007973 0.0008018 0.0008064 0.0008112 0.0008160 0.0008209 0.0008260 0.0008312 0.0008366 0.0008421 0.0008477 0.0008535 0.0008595 0.0008657 0.0008720 0.0008786 0.0008854

0.36064 0.32718 0.29740 0.27082 0.24706 0.22577 0.20666 0.18947 0.17398 0.15999 0.14735 0.13589 0.12550 0.11605 0.10744 0.099600 0.092438 0.085888 0.079889 0.074388 0.069335 0.064690 0.060412 0.056469 0.052829 0.049466 0.046354 0.043471 0.040798 0.038317 0.036012 0.033867 0.031869 0.030008 0.028271 0.026648 0.025131 0.023712 0.022383 0.021137 0.019968 0.018870 0.017837

20.036 2.472 4.987 7.509 10.04 12.58 15.12 17.67 20.23 22.80 25.37 27.96 30.55 33.15 35.76 38.38 41.01 43.64 46.29 48.94 51.61 54.28 56.97 59.66 62.37 65.09 67.82 70.56 73.31 76.07 78.85 81.64 84.44 87.26 90.09 92.93 95.79 98.67 101.56 104.47 107.39 110.34 113.30

207.42 206.06 204.69 203.32 201.94 200.55 199.15 197.75 196.34 194.92 193.49 192.05 190.60 189.14 187.66 186.18 184.69 183.18 181.66 180.12 178.58 177.01 175.44 173.84 172.23 170.61 168.96 167.30 165.62 163.92 162.19 160.45 158.68 156.89 155.08 153.24 151.37 149.48 147.55 145.60 143.61 141.59 139.53

207.38 208.53 209.68 210.83 211.97 213.12 214.27 215.42 216.57 217.71 218.86 220.00 221.15 222.29 223.42 224.56 225.69 226.82 227.94 229.07 230.18 231.30 232.40 233.51 234.60 235.69 236.78 237.86 238.93 239.99 241.04 242.09 243.13 244.15 245.17 246.17 247.17 248.15 249.11 250.07 251.00 251.92 252.83

0.00 2.512 5.032 7.559 10.09 12.64 15.19 17.75 20.31 22.89 25.47 28.07 30.67 33.28 35.90 38.53 41.17 43.82 46.48 49.15 51.83 54.53 57.23 59.95 62.68 65.42 68.17 70.94 73.72 76.51 79.32 82.14 84.98 87.83 90.70 93.58 96.49 99.41 102.34 105.30 108.28 111.28 114.30

225.86 224.62 223.37 222.10 220.83 219.55 218.25 216.95 215.63 214.30 212.96 211.60 210.23 208.84 207.44 206.02 204.59 203.14 201.66 200.17 198.67 197.14 195.58 194.01 192.42 190.80 189.16 187.49 185.80 184.08 182.33 180.55 178.74 176.90 175.03 173.13 171.19 169.21 167.19 165.13 163.03 160.89 158.70

225.86 227.13 228.40 229.66 230.93 232.19 233.44 234.70 235.94 237.19 238.43 239.67 240.90 242.12 243.34 244.55 245.76 246.95 248.14 249.33 250.50 251.66 252.82 253.96 255.09 256.22 257.33 258.43 259.51 260.59 261.64 262.69 263.72 264.73 265.73 266.71 267.67 268.61 269.53 270.44 271.31 272.17 273.00

0.00000 0.01071 0.02137 0.03196 0.04249 0.05297 0.06339 0.07376 0.08408 0.09435 0.10456 0.11473 0.12486 0.13493 0.14497 0.15496 0.16491 0.17482 0.18469 0.19452 0.20432 0.21408 0.22381 0.23351 0.24318 0.25282 0.26243 0.27201 0.28157 0.29111 0.30062 0.31012 0.31959 0.32905 0.33849 0.34792 0.35734 0.36675 0.37615 0.38554 0.39493 0.40432 0.41371

0.96869 0.95516 0.94182 0.92867 0.91569 0.90289 0.89024 0.87776 0.86542 0.85323 0.84119 0.82927 0.81749 0.80583 0.79429 0.78286 0.77154 0.76033 0.74921 0.73819 0.72726 0.71641 0.70565 0.69496 0.68435 0.67380 0.66331 0.65289 0.64252 0.63219 0.62192 0.61168 0.60148 0.59131 0.58117 0.57105 0.56095 0.55086 0.54077 0.53068 0.52059 0.51048 0.50036

0.96869 0.96588 0.96319 0.96063 0.95819 0.95586 0.95364 0.95152 0.94950 0.94758 0.94575 0.94401 0.94234 0.94076 0.93925 0.93782 0.93645 0.93514 0.93390 0.93271 0.93158 0.93050 0.92946 0.92847 0.92752 0.92661 0.92574 0.92490 0.92409 0.92330 0.92254 0.92180 0.92107 0.92036 0.91967 0.91897 0.91829 0.91760 0.91692 0.91622 0.91552 0.91480 0.91407

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 916

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 917 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–11 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded) Specific volume, m3/kg

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K

Sat. Temp., press., T 8C Psat kPa

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

Sat. vapor, hg

Sat. liquid, sf

Evap., sfg

Sat. vapor, sg

46 48 52 56 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.0008924 0.0008997 0.0009151 0.0009317 0.0009498 0.0009751 0.0010037 0.0010373 0.0010774 0.0011273 0.0011938 0.0012945 0.0015269

0.016866 0.015951 0.014276 0.012782 0.011434 0.009959 0.008650 0.007486 0.006439 0.005484 0.004591 0.003713 0.002657

116.28 119.28 125.35 131.52 137.79 145.80 154.03 162.55 171.43 180.81 190.94 202.49 218.73

137.43 135.30 130.89 126.29 121.45 115.06 108.17 100.62 92.22 82.64 71.19 56.25 29.72

253.71 254.58 256.24 257.81 259.23 260.86 262.20 263.17 263.66 263.45 262.13 258.73 248.46

117.34 120.41 126.62 132.94 139.38 147.64 156.15 165.01 174.27 184.11 194.82 207.14 224.80

156.46 154.17 149.41 144.41 139.09 132.05 124.37 115.87 106.35 95.39 82.22 64.94 34.22

273.80 274.57 276.03 277.35 278.47 279.69 280.52 280.88 280.63 279.51 277.04 272.08 259.02

0.42311 0.43251 0.45136 0.47028 0.48930 0.51330 0.53763 0.56252 0.58812 0.61487 0.64354 0.67605 0.72224

0.49020 0.48001 0.45948 0.43870 0.41746 0.39048 0.36239 0.33279 0.30113 0.26632 0.22638 0.17638 0.09169

0.91331 0.91252 0.91084 0.90898 0.90676 0.90379 0.90002 0.89531 0.88925 0.88120 0.86991 0.85243 0.81393

1191.0 1253.6 1386.2 1529.1 1682.8 1891.0 2118.2 2365.8 2635.3 2928.2 3246.9 3594.1 3975.1

Source of Data: Tables A211 through A213 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado. The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner2Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 2408C (and 2408F).

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 917

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 918 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–12 Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table Specific volume, m3/kg

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

Press., Sat. P temp., kPa Tsat 8C

Sat. liquid, vf

Sat. vapor, vg

Sat. liquid, uf

Evap., ufg

Sat. vapor, ug

Sat. liquid, hf

Evap., hfg

60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 240 280 320 360 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2500 3000

0.0007097 0.0007143 0.0007184 0.0007222 0.0007258 0.0007323 0.0007381 0.0007435 0.0007485 0.0007532 0.0007618 0.0007697 0.0007771 0.0007840 0.0007905 0.0007983 0.0008058 0.0008129 0.0008198 0.0008265 0.0008331 0.0008395 0.0008457 0.0008519 0.0008580 0.0008640 0.0008700 0.0008935 0.0009167 0.0009400 0.0009639 0.0009887 0.0010567 0.0011410

0.31108 0.26921 0.23749 0.21261 0.19255 0.16216 0.14020 0.12355 0.11049 0.099951 0.083983 0.072434 0.063681 0.056809 0.051266 0.045677 0.041168 0.037452 0.034335 0.031680 0.029392 0.027398 0.025645 0.024091 0.022703 0.021456 0.020329 0.016728 0.014119 0.012134 0.010568 0.009297 0.006941 0.005272

3.795 7.672 11.14 14.30 17.19 22.38 26.96 31.06 34.81 38.26 44.46 49.95 54.90 59.42 63.61 68.44 72.92 77.09 81.01 84.72 88.24 91.59 94.80 97.88 100.84 103.70 106.47 116.72 125.96 134.45 142.36 149.81 167.02 183.09

205.34 203.23 201.33 199.60 198.01 195.15 192.60 190.31 188.20 186.25 182.71 179.54 176.65 173.99 171.49 168.58 165.86 163.29 160.84 158.51 156.27 154.11 152.02 150.00 148.03 146.11 144.24 137.12 130.44 124.05 117.85 111.75 96.47 80.17

209.13 210.90 212.48 213.90 215.21 217.53 219.56 221.37 223.01 224.51 227.17 229.49 231.55 233.41 235.10 237.03 238.77 240.38 241.86 243.23 244.51 245.70 246.82 247.88 248.88 249.82 250.71 253.84 256.40 258.50 260.21 261.56 263.49 263.26

3.837 7.722 11.20 14.36 17.27 22.47 27.06 31.18 34.94 38.41 44.64 50.16 55.14 59.70 63.92 68.80 73.32 77.54 81.50 85.26 88.82 92.22 95.48 98.61 101.62 104.52 107.34 117.79 127.25 135.96 144.09 151.78 169.66 186.51

223.96 222.02 220.27 218.67 217.19 214.52 212.13 209.96 207.95 206.09 202.68 199.61 196.78 194.15 191.68 188.78 186.04 183.44 180.95 178.56 176.26 174.03 171.86 169.75 167.69 165.68 163.70 156.12 148.92 141.96 135.14 128.36 111.18 92.57

236.95 233.87 231.13 228.65 226.37 222.32 218.77 215.60 212.73 210.09 25.38 21.25 2.46 5.82 8.91 12.46 15.71 18.73 21.55 24.20 26.69 29.06 31.31 33.45 35.51 37.48 39.37 46.29 52.40 57.88 62.87 67.45 77.54 86.16

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 918

Entropy, kJ/kg∙K Sat. vapor, hg 227.80 229.74 231.47 233.04 234.46 236.99 239.19 241.14 242.90 244.50 247.32 249.77 251.93 253.86 255.61 257.58 259.36 260.98 262.46 263.82 265.08 266.25 267.34 268.36 269.31 270.20 271.04 273.92 276.17 277.92 279.23 280.15 280.84 279.08

Sat. liquid, sf 0.01633 0.03264 0.04707 0.06003 0.07182 0.09269 0.11080 0.12686 0.14131 0.15449 0.17786 0.19822 0.21631 0.23265 0.24757 0.26462 0.28021 0.29460 0.30799 0.32052 0.33232 0.34348 0.35408 0.36417 0.37383 0.38307 0.39196 0.42449 0.45325 0.47921 0.50304 0.52519 0.57542 0.62133

Evap., sfg 0.94812 0.92783 0.91009 0.89431 0.88008 0.85520 0.83387 0.81517 0.79848 0.78339 0.75689 0.73406 0.71395 0.69591 0.67954 0.66093 0.64399 0.62842 0.61398 0.60048 0.58780 0.57582 0.56445 0.55362 0.54326 0.53333 0.52378 0.48870 0.45742 0.42881 0.40213 0.37684 0.31701 0.25759

Sat. vapor, sg 0.96445 0.96047 0.95716 0.95434 0.95191 0.94789 0.94467 0.94202 0.93979 0.93788 0.93475 0.93228 0.93026 0.92856 0.92711 0.92555 0.92420 0.92302 0.92196 0.92100 0.92012 0.91930 0.91853 0.91779 0.91709 0.91641 0.91574 0.91320 0.91067 0.90802 0.90517 0.90204 0.89243 0.87893

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 919 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.06 MPa (Tsat 5 236.958C) Sat. 220 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.31108 0.33608 0.35048 0.36476 0.37893 0.39302 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44883 0.46269 0.47651 0.49032 0.50410

209.13 220.62 227.57 234.67 241.94 249.37 256.97 264.73 272.66 280.75 289.01 297.43 306.02 314.76

227.80 240.78 248.60 256.56 264.68 272.95 281.39 289.99 298.75 307.68 316.77 326.02 335.43 345.01

0.9645 1.0175 1.0478 1.0775 1.1067 1.1354 1.1637 1.1916 1.2192 1.2464 1.2732 1.2998 1.3261 1.3521

P 5 0.18 MPa (Tsat 5 212.738C) Sat. 210 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.11049 0.11189 0.11722 0.12240 0.12748 0.13248 0.13741 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15673 0.16149 0.16622

223.01 225.04 232.49 240.02 247.66 255.43 263.33 271.38 279.58 287.93 296.43 305.09 313.90

242.90 245.18 253.59 262.05 270.60 279.27 288.07 297.00 306.07 315.28 324.65 334.16 343.82

0.9398 0.9485 0.9799 1.0103 1.0400 1.0691 1.0976 1.1257 1.1533 1.1806 1.2075 1.2340 1.2603

P 5 0.28 MPa (Tsat 5 21.258C) Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0.07243 0.07282 0.07646 0.07997 0.08338 0.08672 0.09000 0.09324 0.09644 0.09961 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11205 0.11512 0.11818

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 919

229.49 230.46 238.29 246.15 254.08 262.12 270.28 278.58 287.01 295.59 304.30 313.17 322.18 331.34 340.65 350.11

249.77 250.85 259.70 268.54 277.42 286.40 295.48 304.69 314.01 323.48 333.07 342.81 352.69 362.72 372.88 383.20

0.9323 0.9362 0.9681 0.9987 1.0285 1.0577 1.0862 1.1143 1.1419 1.1690 1.1958 1.2223 1.2484 1.2742 1.2998 1.3251

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.10 MPa (Tsat 5 226.378C) 0.19255 0.19841 0.20743 0.21630 0.22506 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25937 0.26783 0.27626 0.28465 0.29303 0.30138

215.21 219.68 226.77 233.97 241.32 248.81 256.46 264.27 272.24 280.36 288.65 297.10 305.71 314.48

234.46 239.52 247.51 255.60 263.82 272.18 280.69 289.36 298.17 307.15 316.28 325.57 335.01 344.61

0.9519 0.9721 1.0031 1.0333 1.0628 1.0919 1.1204 1.1485 1.1762 1.2036 1.2306 1.2573 1.2836 1.3097

P 5 0.20 MPa (Tsat 5 210.098C) 0.09995 0.09991 0.10481 0.10955 0.11418 0.11874 0.12322 0.12766 0.13206 0.13641 0.14074 0.14504 0.14933

224.51 224.57 232.11 239.69 247.36 255.16 263.09 271.16 279.38 287.75 296.27 304.93 313.75

244.50 244.56 253.07 261.60 270.20 278.91 287.74 296.70 305.79 315.03 324.41 333.94 343.62

0.9379 0.9381 0.9699 1.0005 1.0304 1.0596 1.0882 1.1164 1.1441 1.1714 1.1984 1.2250 1.2513

P 5 0.32 MPa (Tsat 5 2.468C)

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.14 MPa (Tsat 5 218.778C) 0.14020

219.56

239.19

0.9447

0.14605 0.15263 0.15908 0.16544 0.17172 0.17794 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20242 0.20847 0.21449

225.93 233.25 240.68 248.24 255.95 263.80 271.81 279.97 288.29 296.77 305.40 314.19

246.37 254.61 262.95 271.40 279.99 288.72 297.59 306.61 315.78 325.11 334.59 344.22

0.9724 1.0032 1.0331 1.0625 1.0913 1.1196 1.1475 1.1750 1.2021 1.2289 1.2554 1.2815

P 5 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5 25.388C) 0.08398

227.17

247.32

0.9348

0.08617 0.09026 0.09423 0.09812 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398

231.30 239.00 246.76 254.63 262.61 270.73 278.98 287.38 295.93 304.62 313.46

251.98 260.66 269.38 278.17 287.07 296.09 305.24 314.53 323.95 333.51 343.22

0.9520 0.9832 1.0134 1.0429 1.0718 1.1002 1.1281 1.1555 1.1826 1.2093 1.2356

P 5 0.40 MPa (Tsat 5 8.918C)

0.06368

231.55

251.93

0.9303

0.051266 235.10

255.61

0.9271

0.06609 0.06925 0.07231 0.07530 0.07823 0.08111 0.08395 0.08675 0.08953 0.09229 0.09503 0.09775 0.10045 0.10314

237.56 245.51 253.52 261.62 269.83 278.17 286.64 295.24 303.99 312.87 321.91 331.08 340.41 349.88

258.70 267.67 276.66 285.72 294.87 304.12 313.50 323.00 332.64 342.41 352.31 362.36 372.55 382.89

0.9545 0.9856 1.0158 1.0452 1.0739 1.1022 1.1299 1.1572 1.1841 1.2106 1.2368 1.2627 1.2883 1.3136

0.051506 0.054213 0.056796 0.059292 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068747 0.071023 0.073274 0.075504 0.077717 0.079913 0.082096

256.59 265.88 275.09 284.32 293.61 302.98 312.45 322.04 331.75 341.59 351.55 361.65 371.89 382.26

0.9306 0.9628 0.9937 1.0237 1.0529 1.0814 1.1095 1.1370 1.1641 1.1908 1.2172 1.2432 1.2689 1.2943

235.99 244.19 252.37 260.60 268.92 277.34 285.88 294.54 303.34 312.28 321.35 330.56 339.92 349.42

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 920 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–13 Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded) T 8C

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.50 MPa (Tsat 5 15.718C) Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.041168 0.042115 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050485 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058053 0.059880 0.061687 0.063479 0.065256 0.067021 0.068775

238.77 242.42 250.86 259.27 267.73 276.27 284.91 293.65 302.52 311.52 320.65 329.91 339.31 348.85 358.52 368.34

259.36 263.48 273.03 282.50 291.98 301.51 311.12 320.82 330.63 340.55 350.59 360.75 371.05 381.47 392.04 402.73

0.9242 0.9384 0.9704 1.0011 1.0309 1.0600 1.0884 1.1163 1.1436 1.1706 1.1971 1.2233 1.2492 1.2747 1.3000 1.3250

P 5 0.80 MPa (Tsat 5 31.318C) Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.025645 0.027035 0.028547 0.029973 0.031340 0.032659 0.033941 0.035193 0.036420 0.037625 0.038813 0.039985 0.041143 0.042290 0.043427 0.044554

Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.016728 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020529 0.021506 0.022442 0.023348 0.024228 0.025086 0.025927 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029158

246.82 254.84 263.87 272.85 281.83 290.86 299.97 309.17 318.47 327.89 337.42 347.08 356.86 366.78 376.83 387.01

267.34 276.46 286.71 296.82 306.90 316.99 327.12 337.32 347.61 357.99 368.47 379.07 389.78 400.61 411.57 422.65

0.9185 0.9481 0.9803 1.0111 1.0409 1.0699 1.0982 1.1259 1.1531 1.1798 1.2062 1.2321 1.2577 1.2830 1.3081 1.3328

P 5 1.20 MPa (Tsat 5 46.298C) 253.84 257.64 267.57 277.23 286.77 296.28 305.81 315.40 325.05 334.79 344.63 354.57 364.63 374.80 385.10

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 920

273.92 278.28 289.66 300.63 311.40 322.09 332.74 343.41 354.12 364.90 375.74 386.68 397.71 408.84 420.09

0.9132 0.9268 0.9615 0.9939 1.0249 1.0547 1.0836 1.1119 1.1395 1.1665 1.1931 1.2192 1.2450 1.2704 1.2955

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.60 MPa (Tsat 5 21.558C)

v m3/kg

u kJ/kg

h kJ/kg

s kJ/kg·K

P 5 0.70 MPa (Tsat 5 26.698C)

0.034335 241.86 262.46 0.9220

0.029392 244.51

265.08 0.9201

0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043069 0.044710 0.046318 0.047900 0.049458 0.050997 0.052519 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006

0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036373 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044688 0.046004 0.047306 0.048597

268.47 278.59 288.54 298.44 308.34 318.29 328.31 338.41 348.61 358.92 369.34 379.88 390.54 401.32

249.24 257.88 266.50 275.17 283.91 292.74 301.69 310.75 319.93 329.24 338.69 348.26 357.98 367.83

270.83 280.60 290.30 300.00 309.75 319.57 329.48 339.49 349.61 359.84 370.20 380.68 391.29 402.03

0.9500 0.9817 1.0122 1.0417 1.0706 1.0988 1.1265 1.1536 1.1804 1.2068 1.2328 1.2585 1.2838 1.3089

P 5 0.90 MPa (Tsat 5 35.518C) 0.022686 0.023375 0.024809 0.026146 0.027413 0.028630 0.029806 0.030951 0.032068 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423

248.82 253.15 262.46 271.62 280.74 289.88 299.08 308.35 317.72 327.19 336.78 346.48 356.30 366.25 376.33 386.54

269.25 274.19 284.79 295.15 305.41 315.65 325.90 336.21 346.58 357.04 367.59 378.25 389.01 399.89 410.89 422.02

0.9169 0.9328 0.9661 0.9977 1.0280 1.0574 1.0861 1.1141 1.1415 1.1684 1.1949 1.2211 1.2468 1.2722 1.2973 1.3221

P 5 1.40 MPa (Tsat 5 52.408C)

247.49 256.41 265.22 274.03 282.88 291.81 300.84 309.96 319.21 328.57 338.06 347.67 357.42 367.31

0.9314 0.9642 0.9955 1.0257 1.0550 1.0835 1.1115 1.1389 1.1659 1.1925 1.2186 1.2445 1.2700 1.2952

P 5 1.00 MPa (Tsat 5 39.378C) 0.020319 0.020406 0.021796 0.023068 0.024261 0.025398 0.026492 0.027552 0.028584 0.029592 0.030581 0.031554 0.032512 0.033457 0.034392 0.035317

250.71 251.32 260.96 270.33 279.61 288.87 298.17 307.52 316.96 326.49 336.12 345.87 355.73 365.71 375.82 386.06

271.04 271.73 282.76 293.40 303.87 314.27 324.66 335.08 345.54 356.08 366.70 377.42 388.24 399.17 410.22 421.38

0.9157 0.9180 0.9526 0.9851 1.0160 1.0459 1.0749 1.1032 1.1309 1.1580 1.1847 1.2110 1.2369 1.2624 1.2876 1.3125

P 5 1.60 MPa (Tsat 5 57.888C)

0.014119 256.40 276.17 0.9107

0.012134

258.50 277.92 0.9080

0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021155 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024757

0.012372 0.013430 0.014362 0.015215 0.016014 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019545 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456

260.91 271.78 282.11 292.19 302.16 312.09 322.03 332.02 342.06 352.19 362.40 372.71 383.13

264.46 274.62 284.51 294.28 304.01 313.76 323.55 333.41 343.34 353.37 363.51 373.75 384.12

285.47 297.10 308.34 319.37 330.30 341.19 352.09 363.02 374.01 385.07 396.20 407.43 418.78

0.9389 0.9733 1.0056 1.0364 1.0661 1.0949 1.1230 1.1504 1.1773 1.2038 1.2298 1.2554 1.2808

280.71 293.27 305.09 316.53 327.78 338.93 350.03 361.14 372.27 383.46 394.71 406.04 417.46

0.9164 0.9536 0.9875 1.0195 1.0501 1.0795 1.1081 1.1360 1.1633 1.1901 1.2164 1.2422 1.2677

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 921 APPENDIX 1 400

10

00 95 0 90 0 85 0 80 0

0

0

110

350

105

115

0

1250

kg/m 3

300

1200

1350

250

1300

1450

200

1400

10

150

1500

100 20

450

500

550

600

650

700 300

400

0

70

0

60

100

120

2

2

32 24

20

1

16 12

0.4

8

0.4

6

g·K

–20

4

2.4 0

2 2.3

2.2 4

2.4 8

6k 2.1 ss =

2.0 8

2.00

1.92

1.76

1.84

1.60

1.68

1.52

1.36

1.44

1.28

1.12

1.20

0.96

2.4

0.1

s

1.6

0.01 100

150

200

250

350

300

280

260

240

220

200

180

T = 160∞C

140

120

100

550

600

650

2.7 2

2.6 4

2.5 6 ss =

2.4

500

0.04

0.6

8

80

60

40

20

0

–40

–20

450 400 Enthalpy, kJ/kg

0.8

0.4

0.9

satura

300

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.02

X=0 .5

–60

ted va

por

ated

liquid

1.2

satur

0.04

0.2

3.2

–40

0.1

0.88

0.80

0.72

0.64

J/k

0.2

1.04

Pressure, MPa

40

T T = 0°C

1

4

90 70 60 50 40

60

R-134a

10

/m33 kg/m 2000kg tyh==20 ensisity DDen 160

0 50

80

4

750 20

700

0.02

0.3

0.01 750

FIGURE A–14 P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a. Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both. Source of Data: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.

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Confirming Pages 922 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS (a) Low pressures, 0 < PR < 1.0 TRR = 5.00 3.00

1.0 5 070 0.7 . 5 0.6 0.60

0.9

8.0 0

6.0 0

5.0 0

2.00

4.0 0 3.5 0

3.0 0 2 .6 0 2 .4 0 .2 0 2 2.0 0 1.8 0

0. 80

1.60

1.40 1 .6 0 .5 0 1 1.4 0 1.3 0

0.8 5 0. 9

0

1.2 0

1.20 1.15

1 .1 0 1.00

Pv RT

COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —–

0.8

1.30

0.90

TR = 2.5 Z ≈1.00 TR = 15 ≈ TR = 3.00

NOTE

0.7

0.9 5

0.80 1.0 5

---DEVIATION > 1.0%

0.6

1.00

20 15

0.85 12

RTcr / Pcr

0.4

0.90 0.00

0.80

vvRr

0.05

0.75 0.10

PR

1953

0.3 0.0

10 0 0.7

PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = ––—––– R

1.0

v

0.95

5 0.6

Z

CHART No. 1

00..60

T REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– R Tcr

0 .7

=

R

T

2.00 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.10 1.05 1.00 0.95 0.90

30

P Pcr

REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —–

0.5

v RR =

RR

NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS

1.10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

REDUCED PRESSURE, P

R

(b) Intermediate pressures, 0 < PR < 7 3.50

1.10

00 00 60 1.40 1. 20 1.

1.80

2.

0

0.90

0 1 .0 0 0 .8 0 0 . 7 0 9 .

0 .6

0.80

Pv RT

COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —–

2.50 2.00

00

3.

53.

1.00

TR = 5.00

1.60

0

.5 0 =0 v R 0.45 0 0.4

1.50 1.40 0 0.3 1.30 0.25

0 .3

0.70

5

=0 vR

0.60

.2 0

1.20 0.50

NELSON — OBERT GENERALIZED COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS

1.15 1.10

0.40

P Pcr

REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —– R

T Tcr

REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —– R

1.05

R

0.30 TR = 1.00 0.20 0.0

0.5

1.0

v

PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = —–

CHART No. 2

RTcr / Pcr

1953

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

REDUCED PRESSURE, P

R

FIGURE A–15 Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart. Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.

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Confirming Pages 923 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–16 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude Altitude, m

Temperature, 8C

Pressure, kPa

Gravity g, m/s2

Speed of Sound, m/s

Density, kg/m3

Viscosity m, kg/m·s

Thermal Conductivity, W/m·K

0 200 400 600 800

15.00 13.70 12.40 11.10 9.80

101.33 98.95 96.61 94.32 92.08

9.807 9.806 9.805 9.805 9.804

340.3 339.5 338.8 338.0 337.2

1.225 1.202 1.179 1.156 1.134

1.789 1.783 1.777 1.771 1.764

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0253 0.0252 0.0252 0.0251 0.0250

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30

89.88 87.72 85.60 83.53 81.49

9.804 9.803 9.802 9.802 9.801

336.4 335.7 334.9 334.1 333.3

1.112 1.090 1.069 1.048 1.027

1.758 1.752 1.745 1.739 1.732

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0249 0.0248 0.0247 0.0245 0.0244

2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

2.00 0.70 20.59 21.89 23.19

79.50 77.55 75.63 73.76 71.92

9.800 9.800 9.799 9.799 9.798

332.5 331.7 331.0 330.2 329.4

1.007 0.987 0.967 0.947 0.928

1.726 1.720 1.713 1.707 1.700

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0243 0.0242 0.0241 0.0240 0.0239

3000 3200 3400 3600 3800

24.49 25.79 27.09 28.39 29.69

70.12 68.36 66.63 64.94 63.28

9.797 9.797 9.796 9.796 9.795

328.6 327.8 327.0 326.2 325.4

0.909 0.891 0.872 0.854 0.837

1.694 1.687 1.681 1.674 1.668

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0238 0.0237 0.0236 0.0235 0.0234

4000 4200 4400 4600 4800

210.98 212.3 213.6 214.9 216.2

61.66 60.07 58.52 57.00 55.51

9.794 9.794 9.793 9.793 9.792

324.6 323.8 323.0 322.2 321.4

0.819 0.802 0.785 0.769 0.752

1.661 1.655 1.648 1.642 1.635

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0233 0.0232 0.0231 0.0230 0.0229

5000 5200 5400 5600 5800

217.5 218.8 220.1 221.4 222.7

54.05 52.62 51.23 49.86 48.52

9.791 9.791 9.790 9.789 9.785

320.5 319.7 318.9 318.1 317.3

0.736 0.721 0.705 0.690 0.675

1.628 1.622 1.615 1.608 1.602

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0228 0.0227 0.0226 0.0224 0.0223

6000 6200 6400 6600 6800

224.0 225.3 226.6 227.9 229.2

47.22 45.94 44.69 43.47 42.27

9.788 9.788 9.787 9.786 9.785

316.5 315.6 314.8 314.0 313.1

0.660 0.646 0.631 0.617 0.604

1.595 1.588 1.582 1.575 1.568

3 3 3 3 3

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0222 0.0221 0.0220 0.0219 0.0218

7000 8000 9000

230.5 236.9 243.4

41.11 35.65 30.80

9.785 9.782 9.779

312.3 308.1 303.8

0.590 0.526 0.467

1.561 3 1025 1.527 3 1025 1.493 3 1025

0.0217 0.0212 0.0206

10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000

249.9 256.5 256.5 256.5 256.5

26.50 19.40 14.17 10.53 7.57

9.776 9.770 9.764 9.758 9.751

299.5 295.1 295.1 295.1 295.1

0.414 0.312 0.228 0.166 0.122

1.458 1.422 1.422 1.422 1.422

1025 1025 1025 1025 1025

0.0201 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195 0.0195

3 3 3 3 3

Source of Data: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 458 latitude and varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z 5 0) are taken to be P 5 101.325 kPa, T 5 158C, r 5 1.2250 kg/m3, g 5 9.80665 m2/s.

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Confirming Pages 924 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

s8 kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

s8 kJ/kg·K

200 210 220 230 240

199.97 209.97 219.97 230.02 240.02

0.3363 0.3987 0.4690 0.5477 0.6355

142.56 149.69 156.82 164.00 171.13

1707.0 1512.0 1346.0 1205.0 1084.0

1.29559 1.34444 1.39105 1.43557 1.47824

580 590 600 610 620

586.04 596.52 607.02 617.53 628.07

14.38 15.31 16.28 17.30 18.36

419.55 427.15 434.78 442.42 450.09

115.7 110.6 105.8 101.2 96.92

2.37348 2.39140 2.40902 2.42644 2.44356

250 260 270 280 285

250.05 260.09 270.11 280.13 285.14

0.7329 0.8405 0.9590 1.0889 1.1584

178.28 185.45 192.60 199.75 203.33

979.0 887.8 808.0 738.0 706.1

1.51917 1.55848 1.59634 1.63279 1.65055

630 640 650 660 670

638.63 649.22 659.84 670.47 681.14

19.84 20.64 21.86 23.13 24.46

457.78 465.50 473.25 481.01 488.81

92.84 88.99 85.34 81.89 78.61

2.46048 2.47716 2.49364 2.50985 2.52589

290 295 298 300 305

290.16 295.17 298.18 300.19 305.22

1.2311 1.3068 1.3543 1.3860 1.4686

206.91 210.49 212.64 214.07 217.67

676.1 647.9 631.9 621.2 596.0

1.66802 1.68515 1.69528 1.70203 1.71865

680 690 700 710 720

691.82 702.52 713.27 724.04 734.82

25.85 27.29 28.80 30.38 32.02

496.62 504.45 512.33 520.23 528.14

75.50 72.56 69.76 67.07 64.53

2.54175 2.55731 2.57277 2.58810 2.60319

310 315 320 325 330

310.24 315.27 320.29 325.31 330.34

1.5546 1.6442 1.7375 1.8345 1.9352

221.25 224.85 228.42 232.02 235.61

572.3 549.8 528.6 508.4 489.4

1.73498 1.75106 1.76690 1.78249 1.79783

730 740 750 760 780

745.62 756.44 767.29 778.18 800.03

33.72 35.50 37.35 39.27 43.35

536.07 544.02 551.99 560.01 576.12

62.13 59.82 57.63 55.54 51.64

2.61803 2.63280 2.64737 2.66176 2.69013

340 350 360 370 380

340.42 350.49 360.58 370.67 380.77

2.149 2.379 2.626 2.892 3.176

242.82 250.02 257.24 264.46 271.69

454.1 422.2 393.4 367.2 343.4

1.82790 1.85708 1.88543 1.91313 1.94001

800 820 840 860 880

821.95 843.98 866.08 888.27 910.56

47.75 52.59 57.60 63.09 68.98

592.30 608.59 624.95 641.40 657.95

48.08 44.84 41.85 39.12 36.61

2.71787 2.74504 2.77170 2.79783 2.82344

390 400 410 420 430

390.88 400.98 411.12 421.26 431.43

3.481 3.806 4.153 4.522 4.915

278.93 286.16 293.43 300.69 307.99

321.5 301.6 283.3 266.6 251.1

1.96633 1.99194 2.01699 2.04142 2.06533

900 920 940 960 980

932.93 955.38 977.92 1000.55 1023.25

75.29 82.05 89.28 97.00 105.2

674.58 691.28 708.08 725.02 741.98

34.31 32.18 30.22 28.40 26.73

2.84856 2.87324 2.89748 2.92128 2.94468

440 450 460 470 480

441.61 451.80 462.02 472.24 482.49

5.332 5.775 6.245 6.742 7.268

315.30 322.62 329.97 337.32 344.70

236.8 223.6 211.4 200.1 189.5

2.08870 2.11161 2.13407 2.15604 2.17760

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

1046.04 1068.89 1091.85 1114.86 1137.89

114.0 123.4 133.3 143.9 155.2

758.94 776.10 793.36 810.62 827.88

25.17 23.72 23.29 21.14 19.98

2.96770 2.99034 3.01260 3.03449 3.05608

  490 500 510 520 530

492.74 503.02 513.32 523.63 533.98

7.824 8.411 9.031 9.684 10.37

352.08 359.49 366.92 374.36 381.84

179.7 170.6 162.1 154.1 146.7

2.19876 2.21952 2.23993 2.25997 2.27967

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

1161.07 1184.28 1207.57 1230.92 1254.34

167.1 179.7 193.1 207.2 222.2

845.33 862.79 880.35 897.91 915.57

18.896 17.886 16.946 16.064 15.241

3.07732 3.09825 3.11883 3.13916 3.15916

540 550 560 570

544.35 555.74 565.17 575.59

11.10 11.86 12.66 13.50

389.34 396.86 404.42 411.97

139.7 133.1 127.0 121.2

2.29906 2.31809 2.33685 2.35531

1200 1220 1240

1277.79 1301.31 1324.93

238.0 254.7 272.3

933.33 951.09 968.95

14.470 13.747 13.069

3.17888 3.19834 3.21751

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Confirming Pages 925 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–17 Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded) s8 kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

u kJ/kg

s8 kJ/kg·K

T K

h kJ/kg

Pr

u kJ/kg

vr

1260 1280

1348.55 1372.24

290.8 310.4

986.90 1004.76

12.435 3.23638 11.835 3.25510

1600 1757.57 1620 1782.00

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

1395.97 1419.76 1443.60 1467.49 1491.44

330.9 352.5 375.3 399.1 424.2

1022.82 1040.88 1058.94 1077.10 1095.26

11.275 10.747 10.247 9.780 9.337

3.27345 3.29160 3.30959 3.32724 3.34474

1640 1660 1680 1700 1750

1806.46 878.9 1830.96 925.6 1855.50 974.2 1880.1 1025 1941.6 1161

1335.72 1354.48 1373.24 1392.7 1439.8

5.355 5.147 4.949 4.761 4.328

3.55381 3.56867 3.58335 3.5979 3.6336

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

1515.42 1539.44 1563.51 1587.63 1611.79

450.5 478.0 506.9 537.1 568.8

1113.52 1131.77 1150.13 1168.49 1186.95

8.919 8.526 8.153 7.801 7.468

3.36200 3.37901 3.39586 3.41247 3.42892

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

2003.3 2065.3 2127.4 2189.7 2252.1

1310 1475 1655 1852 2068

1487.2 1534.9 1582.6 1630.6 1678.7

3.994 3.601 3.295 3.022 2.776

3.6684 3.7023 3.7354 3.7677 3.7994

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

1635.97 1660.23 1684.51 1708.82 1733.17

601.9 636.5 672.8 710.5 750.0

1205.41 1223.87 1242.43 1260.99 1279.65

7.152 6.854 6.569 6.301 6.046

3.44516 3.46120 3.47712 3.49276 3.50829

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

2314.6 2377.7 2440.3 2503.2 2566.4

2303 2559 2837 3138 3464

1726.8 1775.3 1823.8 1872.4 1921.3

2.555 2.356 2.175 2.012 1.864

3.8303 3.8605 3.8901 3.9191 3.9474

Pr

vr

791.2 1298.30 5.804 834.1 1316.96 5.574

3.52364 3.53879

Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume. Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 785–86, table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).

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Confirming Pages 926 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,770 4,979 5,188

0 182.639 183.938 185.180 186.370

600 610 620 630 640

17,563 17,864 18,166 18,468 18,772

12,574 12,792 13,011 13,230 13,450

212.066 212.564 213.055 213.541 214.018

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,141 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,813 6,021 6,190

187.514 188.614 189.673 190.695 191.502

650 660 670 680 690

19,075 19,380 19,685 19,991 20,297

13,671 13,892 14,114 14,337 14,560

214.489 214.954 215.413 215.866 216.314

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,888

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,853 7,061

191.682 192.638 193.562 194.459 195.328

700 710 720 730 740

20,604 20,912 21,220 21,529 21,839

14,784 15,008 15,234 15,460 15,686

216.756 217.192 217.624 218.059 218.472

350 360 370 380 390

10,180 10,471 10,763 11,055 11,347

7,270 7,478 7,687 7,895 8,104

196.173 196.995 197.794 198.572 199.331

750 760 770 780 790

22,149 22,460 22,772 23,085 23,398

15,913 16,141 16,370 16,599 16,830

218.889 219.301 219.709 220.113 220.512

400 410 420 430 440

11,640 11,932 12,225 12,518 12,811

8,314 8,523 8,733 8,943 9,153

200.071 200.794 201.499 202.189 202.863

800 810 820 830 840

23,714 24,027 24,342 24,658 24,974

17,061 17,292 17,524 17,757 17,990

220.907 221.298 221.684 222.067 222.447

450 460 470 480 490

13,105 13,399 13,693 13,988 14,285

9,363 9,574 9,786 9,997 10,210

203.523 204.170 204.803 205.424 206.033

850 860 870 880 890

25,292 25,610 25,928 26,248 26,568

18,224 18,459 18,695 18,931 19,168

222.822 223.194 223.562 223.927 224.288

500 510 520 530 540

14,581 14,876 15,172 15,469 15,766

10,423 10,635 10,848 11,062 11,277

206.630 207.216 207.792 208.358 208.914

900 910 920 930 940

26,890 27,210 27,532 27,854 28,178

19,407 19,644 19,883 20,122 20,362

224.647 225.002 225.353 225.701 226.047

550 560 570 580 590

16,064 16,363 16,662 16,962 17,262

11,492 11,707 11,923 12,139 12,356

209.461 209.999 210.528 211.049 211.562

950 960 970 980 990

28,501 28,826 29,151 29,476 29,803

20,603 20,844 21,086 21,328 21,571

226.389 226.728 227.064 227.398 227.728

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Confirming Pages 927 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–18 Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded) _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,129 30,784 31,442 32,101 32,762

21,815 22,304 22,795 23,288 23,782

228.057 228.706 229.344 229.973 230.591

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,227 56,938 57,651 58,363 59,075

41,594 42,139 42,685 43,231 43,777

247.396 247.798 248.195 248.589 248.979

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,426 34,092 34,760 35,430 36,104

24,280 24,780 25,282 25,786 26,291

231.199 231.799 232.391 232.973 233.549

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

59,790 60,504 61,220 61,936 62,654

44,324 44,873 45,423 45,973 46,524

249.365 249.748 250.128 250.502 250.874

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

36,777 37,452 38,129 38,807 39,488

26,799 27,308 27,819 28,331 28,845

234.115 234.673 235.223 235.766 236.302

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,381 64,090 64,810 66,612 68,417

47,075 47,627 48,181 49,567 50,957

251.242 251.607 251.969 252.858 253.726

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,170 40,853 41,539 42,227 42,915

29,361 29,378 30,398 30,919 31,441

236.831 237.353 237.867 238.376 238.878

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,226 72,040 73,856 75,676 77,496

52,351 53,749 55,149 56,553 57,958

254.578 255.412 256.227 257.027 257.810

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

43,605 44,295 44,988 45,682 46,377

31,964 32,489 33,014 33,543 34,071

239.375 239.865 240.350 240.827 241.301

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

79,320 81,149 82,981 84,814 86,650

59,366 60,779 62,195 63,613 65,033

258.580 259.332 260.073 260.799 261.512

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,073 47,771 48,470 49,168 49,869

34,601 35,133 35,665 36,197 36,732

241.768 242.228 242.685 243.137 243.585

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

88,488 90,328 92,171 94,014 95,859

66,455 67,880 69,306 70,734 72,163

262.213 262.902 263.577 264.241 264.895

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

50,571 51,275 51,980 52,686 53,393

37,268 37,806 38,344 38,884 39,424

244.028 244.464 244.896 245.324 245.747

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

97,705 99,556 101,407 103,260 105,115

73,593 75,028 76,464 77,902 79,341

265.538 266.170 266.793 267.404 268.007

1700 1720 1740

54,099 54,807 55,516

39,965 40,507 41,049

246.166 246.580 246.990

3150 3200 3250

106,972 108,830 110,690

80,782 82,224 83,668

268.601 269.186 269.763

Source of Data: Tables A–18 through A–25 are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 787–98. Originally published in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.

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Confirming Pages 928 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,404 6,694 6,984 7,275

0 4,575 4,782 4,989 5,197

0 196.171 197.461 198.696 199.885

600 610 620 630 640

17,929 18,250 18,572 18,895 19,219

12,940 13,178 13,417 13,657 13,898

226.346 226.877 227.400 227.918 228.429

260 270 280 290 298

7,566 7,858 8,150 8,443 8,682

5,405 5,613 5,822 6,032 6,203

201.027 202.128 203.191 204.218 205.033

650 660 670 680 690

19,544 19,870 20,197 20,524 20,854

14,140 14,383 14,626 14,871 15,116

228.932 229.430 229.920 230.405 230.885

300 310 320 330 340

8,736 9,030 9,325 9,620 9,916

6,242 6,453 6,664 6,877 7,090

205.213 206.177 207.112 208.020 208.904

700 710 720 730 740

21,184 21,514 21,845 22,177 22,510

15,364 15,611 15,859 16,107 16,357

231.358 231.827 232.291 232.748 233.201

350 360 370 380 390

10,213 10,511 10,809 11,109 11,409

7,303 7,518 7,733 7,949 8,166

209.765 210.604 211.423 212.222 213.002

750 760 770 780 790

22,844 23,178 23,513 23,850 24,186

16,607 16,859 17,111 17,364 17,618

233.649 234.091 234.528 234.960 235.387

400 410 420 430 440

11,711 12,012 12,314 12,618 12,923

8,384 8,603 8,822 9,043 9,264

213.765 214.510 215.241 215.955 216.656

800 810 820 830 840

24,523 24,861 25,199 25,537 25,877

17,872 18,126 18,382 18,637 18,893

235.810 236.230 236.644 237.055 237.462

450 460 470 480 490

13,228 13,525 13,842 14,151 14,460

9,487 9,710 9,935 10,160 10,386

217.342 218.016 218.676 219.326 219.963

850 860 870 880 890

26,218 26,559 26,899 27,242 27,584

19,150 19,408 19,666 19,925 20,185

237.864 238.264 238.660 239.051 239.439

500 510 520 530 540

14,770 15,082 15,395 15,708 16,022

10,614 10,842 11,071 11,301 11,533

220.589 221.206 221.812 222.409 222.997

900 910 920 930 940

27,928 28,272 28,616 28,960 29,306

20,445 20,706 20,967 21,228 21,491

239.823 240.203 240.580 240.953 241.323

550 560 570 580 590

16,338 16,654 16,971 17,290 17,609

11,765 11,998 12,232 12,467 12,703

223.576 224.146 224.708 225.262 225.808

950 960 970 980 990

29,652 29,999 30,345 30,692 31,041

21,754 22,017 22,280 22,544 22,809

241.689 242.052 242.411 242.768 242.120

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Confirming Pages 929 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–19 Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded ) _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

31,389 32,088 32,789 33,490 34,194

23,075 23,607 24,142 24,677 25,214

243.471 244.164 244.844 245.513 246.171

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

58,880 59,624 60,371 61,118 61,866

44,247 44,825 45,405 45,986 46,568

263.861 264.283 264.701 265.113 265.521

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

34,899 35,606 36,314 37,023 37,734

25,753 26,294 26,836 27,379 27,923

246.818 247.454 248.081 248.698 249.307

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

62,616 63,365 64,116 64,868 65,620

47,151 47,734 48,319 48,904 49,490

265.925 266.326 266.722 267.115 267.505

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

38,447 39,162 39,877 40,594 41,312

28,469 29,018 29,568 30,118 30,670

249.906 250.497 251.079 251.653 252.219

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

66,374 67,127 67,881 69,772 71,668

50,078 50,665 51,253 52,727 54,208

267.891 268.275 268.655 269.588 270.504

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

42,033 42,753 43,475 44,198 44,923

31,224 31,778 32,334 32,891 33,449

252.776 253.325 253.868 254.404 254.932

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

73,573 75,484 77,397 79,316 81,243

55,697 57,192 58,690 60,193 61,704

271.399 272.278 273.136 273.891 274.809

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

45,648 46,374 47,102 47,831 48,561

34,008 34,567 35,129 35,692 36,256

255.454 255.968 256.475 256.978 257.474

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

83,174 85,112 87,057 89,004 90,956

63,219 64,742 66,271 67,802 69,339

275.625 276.424 277.207 277.979 278.738

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

49,292 50,024 50,756 51,490 52,224

36,821 37,387 37,952 38,520 39,088

257.965 258.450 258.928 259.402 259.870

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

92,916 94,881 96,852 98,826 100,808

70,883 72,433 73,987 75,546 77,112

279.485 280.219 280.942 281.654 282.357

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

52,961 53,696 54,434 55,172 55,912

39,658 40,227 40,799 41,370 41,944

260.333 260.791 261.242 261.690 262.132

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

102,793 104,785 106,780 108,778 110,784

78,682 80,258 81,837 83,419 85,009

283.048 283.728 284.399 285.060 285.713

1700 1720 1740

56,652 57,394 58,136

42,517 43,093 43,669

262.571 263.005 263.435

3150 3200 3250

112,795 114,809 116,827

86,601 88,203 89,804

286.355 286.989 287.614

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Confirming Pages 930 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 6,601 6,938 7,280 7,627

0 4,772 5,026 5,285 5,548

0 202.966 204.464 205.920 207.337

600 610 620 630 640

22,280 22,754 23,231 23,709 24,190

17,291 17,683 18,076 18,471 18,869

243.199 243.983 244.758 245.524 246.282

260 270 280 290 298

7,979 8,335 8,697 9,063 9,364

5,817 6,091 6,369 6,651 6,885

208.717 210.062 211.376 212.660 213.685

650 660 670 680 690

24,674 25,160 25,648 26,138 26,631

19,270 19,672 20,078 20,484 20,894

247.032 247.773 248.507 249.233 249.952

300 310 320 330 340

9,431 9,807 10,186 10,570 10,959

6,939 7,230 7,526 7,826 8,131

213.915 215.146 216.351 217.534 218.694

700 710 720 730 740

27,125 27,622 28,121 28,622 29,124

21,305 21,719 22,134 22,522 22,972

250.663 251.368 252.065 252.755 253.439

350 360 370 380 390

11,351 11,748 12,148 12,552 12,960

8,439 8,752 9,068 9,392 9,718

219.831 220.948 222.044 223.122 224.182

750 760 770 780 790

29,629 30,135 30,644 31,154 31,665

23,393 23,817 24,242 24,669 25,097

254.117 254.787 255.452 256.110 256.762

400 410 420 430 440

13,372 13,787 14,206 14,628 15,054

10,046 10,378 10,714 11,053 11,393

225.225 226.250 227.258 228.252 229.230

800 810 820 830 840

32,179 32,694 33,212 33,730 34,251

25,527 25,959 26,394 26,829 27,267

257.408 258.048 258.682 259.311 259.934

450 460 470 480 490

15,483 15,916 16,351 16,791 17,232

11,742 12,091 12,444 12,800 13,158

230.194 231.144 232.080 233.004 233.916

850 860 870 880 890

34,773 35,296 35,821 36,347 36,876

27,706 28,125 28,588 29,031 29,476

260.551 261.164 261.770 262.371 262.968

500 510 520 530 540

17,678 18,126 18,576 19,029 19,485

13,521 13,885 14,253 14,622 14,996

234.814 235.700 236.575 237.439 238.292

900 910 920 930 940

37,405 37,935 38,467 39,000 39,535

29,922 30,369 30,818 31,268 31,719

263.559 264.146 264.728 265.304 265.877

550 560 570 580 590

19,945 20,407 20,870 21,337 21,807

15,372 15,751 16,131 16,515 16,902

239.135 239.962 240.789 241.602 242.405

950 960 970 980 990

40,070 40,607 41,145 41,685 42,226

32,171 32,625 33,081 33,537 33,995

266.444 267.007 267.566 268.119 268.670

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Confirming Pages 931 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–20 Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded) _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

42,769 43,859 44,953 46,051 47,153

34,455 35,378 36,306 37,238 38,174

269.215 270.293 271.354 272.400 273.430

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

86,420 87,612 88,806 90,000 91,196

71,787 72,812 73,840 74,868 75,897

301.543 302.217 302.884 303.544 304.198

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

48,258 49,369 50,484 51,602 52,724

39,112 40,057 41,006 41,957 42,913

274.445 275.444 276.430 277.403 278.361

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

92,394 93,593 94,793 95,995 97,197

76,929 77,962 78,996 80,031 81,067

304.845 305.487 306.122 306.751 307.374

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

53,848 54,977 56,108 57,244 58,381

43,871 44,834 45,799 46,768 47,739

297.307 280.238 281.158 282.066 282.962

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

98,401 99,606 100,804 103,835 106,864

82,105 83,144 84,185 86,791 89,404

307.992 308.604 309.210 310.701 312.160

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

59,522 60,666 61,813 62,963 64,116

48,713 49,691 50,672 51,656 52,643

283.847 284.722 285.586 286.439 287.283

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

109,898 112,939 115,984 119,035 122,091

92,023 94,648 97,277 99,912 102,552

313.589 314.988 316.356 317.695 319.011

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

65,271 66,427 67,586 68,748 66,911

53,631 54,621 55,614 56,609 57,606

288.106 288.934 289.743 290.542 291.333

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

125,152 128,219 131,290 134,368 137,449

105,197 107,849 110,504 113,166 115,832

320.302 321.566 322.808 324.026 325.222

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

71,078 72,246 73,417 74,590 76,767

58,606 59,609 60,613 61,620 62,630

292.114 292.888 292.654 294.411 295.161

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

140,533 143,620 146,713 149,808 152,908

118,500 121,172 123,849 126,528 129,212

326.396 327.549 328.684 329.800 330.896

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

76,944 78,123 79,303 80,486 81,670

63,741 64,653 65,668 66,592 67,702

295.901 296.632 297.356 298.072 298.781

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

156,009 159,117 162,226 165,341 168,456

131,898 134,589 137,283 139,982 142,681

331.975 333.037 334.084 335.114 336.126

1700 1720 1740

82,856 84,043 85,231

68,721 69,742 70,764

299.482 300.177 300.863

3150 3200 3250

171,576 174,695 177,822

145,385 148,089 150,801

337.124 338.109 339.069

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Confirming Pages 932 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A – 21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

 0 220 230 240 250

0 6,391 6,683 6,975 7,266

0 4,562 4,771 4,979 5,188

0 188.683 189.980 191.221 192.411

600 610 620 630 640

17,611 17,915 18,221 18,527 18,833

12,622 12,843 13,066 13,289 13,512

218.204 218.708 219.205 219.695 220.179

260 270 280 290 298

7,558 7,849 8,140 8,432 8,669

5,396 5,604 5,812 6,020 6,190

193.554 194.654 195.713 196.735 197.543

650 660 670 680 690

19,141 19,449 19,758 20,068 20,378

13,736 13,962 14,187 14,414 14,641

220.656 221.127 221.592 222.052 222.505

300 310 320 330 340

8,723 9,014 9,306 9,597 9,889

6,229 6,437 6,645 6,854 7,062

197.723 198.678 199.603 200.500 201.371

700 710 720 730 740

20,690 21,002 21,315 21,628 21,943

14,870 15,099 15,328 15,558 15,789

222.953 223.396 223.833 224.265 224.692

350 360 370 380 390

10,181 10,473 10,765 11,058 11,351

7,271 7,480 7,689 7,899 8,108

202.217 203.040 203.842 204.622 205.383

750 760 770 780 790

22,258 22,573 22,890 23,208 23,526

16,022 16,255 16,488 16,723 16,957

225.115 225.533 225.947 226.357 226.762

400 410 420 430 440

11,644 11,938 12,232 12,526 12,821

8,319 8,529 8,740 8,951 9,163

206.125 206.850 207.549 208.252 208.929

800 810 820 830 840

23,844 24,164 24,483 24,803 25,124

17,193 17,429 17,665 17,902 18,140

227.162 227.559 227.952 228.339 228.724

450 460 470 480 490

13,116 13,412 13,708 14,005 14,302

9,375 9,587 9,800 10,014 10,228

209.593 210.243 210.880 211.504 212.117

850 860 870 880 890

25,446 25,768 26,091 26,415 26,740

18,379 18,617 18,858 19,099 19,341

229.106 229.482 229.856 230.227 230.593

500 510 520 530 540

14,600 14,898 15,197 15,497 15,797

10,443 10,658 10,874 11,090 11,307

212.719 213.310 213.890 214.460 215.020

900 910 920 930 940

27,066 27,392 27,719 28,046 28,375

19,583 19,826 20,070 20,314 20,559

230.957 231.317 231.674 232.028 232.379

550 560 570 580 590

16,097 16,399 16,701 17,003 17,307

11,524 11,743 11,961 12,181 12,401

215.572 216.115 216.649 217.175 217.693

950 960 970 980 990

28,703 29,033 29,362 29,693 30,024

20,805 21,051 21,298 21,545 21,793

232.727 233.072 233.413 233.752 234.088

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Confirming Pages 933 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–21 Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded) _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

30,355 31,020 31,688 32,357 33,029

22,041 22,540 23,041 23,544 24,049

234.421 235.079 235.728 236.364 236.992

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

56,756 57,473 58,191 58,910 59,629

42,123 42,673 43,225 43,778 44,331

253.991 254.398 254.797 255.194 255.587

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

33,702 34,377 35,054 35,733 36,406

24,557 25,065 25,575 26,088 26,602

237.609 238.217 238.817 239.407 239.989

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

60,351 61,072 61,794 62,516 63,238

44,886 45,441 45,997 46,552 47,108

255.976 256.361 256.743 257.122 257.497

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

37,095 37,780 38,466 39,154 39,844

27,118 27,637 28,426 28,678 29,201

240.663 241.128 241.686 242.236 242.780

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

63,961 64,684 65,408 67,224 69,044

47,665 48,221 48,780 50,179 51,584

257.868 258.236 258.600 259.494 260.370

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

40,534 41,226 41,919 42,613 43,309

29,725 30,251 30,778 31,306 31,836

243.316 243.844 244.366 244.880 245.388

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

70,864 72,688 74,516 76,345 78,178

52,988 54,396 55,809 57,222 58,640

261.226 262.065 262.887 263.692 264.480

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

44,007 44,707 45,408 46,110 46,813

32,367 32,900 33,434 33,971 34,508

245.889 246.385 246.876 247.360 247.839

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

80,015 81,852 83,692 85,537 87,383

60,060 61,482 62,906 64,335 65,766

265.253 266.012 266.755 267.485 268.202

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

47,517 48,222 48,928 49,635 50,344

35,046 35,584 36,124 36,665 37,207

248.312 248.778 249.240 249.695 250.147

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

89,230 91,077 92,930 94,784 96,639

67,197 68,628 70,066 71,504 72,945

268.905 269.596 270.285 270.943 271.602

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

51,053 51,763 52,472 53,184 53,895

37,750 38,293 38,837 39,382 39,927

250.592 251.033 251.470 251.901 252.329

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

98,495 100,352 102,210 104,073 105,939

74,383 75,825 77,267 78,715 80,164

272.249 272.884 273.508 274.123 274.730

1700 1720 1740

54,609 55,323 56,039

40,474 41,023 41,572

252.751 253.169 253.582

3150 3200 3250

107,802 109,667 111,534

81,612 83,061 84,513

275.326 275.914 276.494

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Confirming Pages 934 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–22 Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

 0 260 270 280 290

0 7,370 7,657 7,945 8,233

0 5,209 5,412 5,617 5,822

0 126.636 127.719 128.765 129.775

1440 1480 1520 1560 1600

42,808 44,091 45,384 46,683 47,990

30,835 31,786 32,746 33,713 34,687

177.410 178.291 179.153 179.995 180.820

298 300 320 340 360

8,468 8,522 9,100 9,680 10,262

5,989 6,027 6,440 6,853 7,268

130.574 130.754 132.621 134.378 136.039

1640 1680 1720 1760 1800

49,303 50,622 51,947 53,279 54,618

35,668 36,654 37,646 38,645 39,652

181.632 182.428 183.208 183.973 184.724

380 400 420 440 460

10,843 11,426 12,010 12,594 13,179

7,684 8,100 8,518 8,936 9,355

137.612 139.106 140.529 141.888 143.187

1840 1880 1920 1960 2000

55,962 57,311 58,668 60,031 61,400

40,663 41,680 42,705 43,735 44,771

185.463 186.190 186.904 187.607 188.297

480 500 520 560 600

13,764 14,350 14,935 16,107 17,280

9,773 10,193 10,611 11,451 12,291

144.432 145.628 146.775 148.945 150.968

2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

63,119 64,847 66,584 68,328 70,080

46,074 47,386 48,708 50,037 51,373

189.148 189.979 190.796 191.598 192.385

640 680 720 760 800

18,453 19,630 20,807 21,988 23,171

13,133 13,976 14,821 15,669 16,520

152.863 154.645 156.328 157.923 159.440

2300 2350 2400 2450 2500

71,839 73,608 75,383 77,168 78,960

52,716 54,069 55,429 56,798 58,175

193.159 193.921 194.669 195.403 196.125

840 880 920 960 1000

24,359 25,551 26,747 27,948 29,154

17,375 18,235 19,098 19,966 20,839

160.891 162.277 163.607 164.884 166.114

2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

80,755 82,558 84,368 86,186 88,008

59,554 60,941 62,335 63,737 65,144

196.837 197.539 198.229 198.907 199.575

1040 1080 1120 1160 1200

30,364 31,580 32,802 34,028 35,262

21,717 22,601 23,490 24,384 25,284

167.300 168.449 169.560 170.636 171.682

2800 2850 2900 2950 3000

89,838 91,671 93,512 95,358 97,211

66,558 67,976 69,401 70,831 72,268

200.234 200.885 201.527 202.157 202.778

1240 1280 1320 1360 1400

36,502 37,749 39,002 40,263 41,530

26,192 27,106 28,027 28,955 29,889

172.698 173.687 174.652 175.593 176.510

3050 3100 3150 3200 3250

99,065 100,926 102,793 104,667 106,545

73,707 75,152 76,604 78,061 79,523

203.391 203.995 204.592 205.181 205.765

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Confirming Pages 935 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

0 220 230 240 250

0 7,295 7,628 7,961 8,294

0 5,466 5,715 5,965 6,215

0 178.576 180.054 181.471 182.831

600 610 620 630 640

20,402 20,765 21,130 21,495 21,862

15,413 15,693 15,975 16,257 16,541

212.920 213.529 214.122 214.707 215.285

260 270 280 290 298

8,627 8,961 9,296 9,631 9,904

6,466 6,716 6,968 7,219 7,425

184.139 185.399 186.616 187.791 188.720

650 660 670 680 690

22,230 22,600 22,970 23,342 23,714

16,826 17,112 17,399 17,688 17,978

215.856 216.419 216.976 217.527 218.071

300 310 320 330 340

9,966 10,302 10,639 10,976 11,314

7,472 7,725 7,978 8,232 8,487

188.928 190.030 191.098 192.136 193.144

700 710 720 730 740

24,088 24,464 24,840 25,218 25,597

18,268 18,561 18,854 19,148 19,444

218.610 219.142 219.668 220.189 220.707

350 360 370 380 390

11,652 11,992 12,331 12,672 13,014

8,742 8,998 9,255 9,513 9,771

194.125 195.081 196.012 196.920 197.807

750 760 770 780 790

25,977 26,358 26,741 27,125 27,510

19,741 20,039 20,339 20,639 20,941

221.215 221.720 222.221 222.717 223.207

400 410 420 430 440

13,356 13,699 14,043 14,388 14,734

10,030 10,290 10,551 10,813 11,075

198.673 199.521 200.350 201.160 201.955

800 810 820 830 840

27,896 28,284 28,672 29,062 29,454

21,245 21,549 21,855 22,162 22,470

223.693 224.174 224.651 225.123 225.592

450 460 470 480 490

15,080 15,428 15,777 16,126 16,477

11,339 11,603 11,869 12,135 12,403

202.734 203.497 204.247 204.982 205.705

850 860 870 880 890

29,846 30,240 30,635 31,032 31,429

22,779 23,090 23,402 23,715 24,029

226.057 226.517 226.973 227.426 227.875

500 510 520 530 540

16,828 17,181 17,534 17,889 18,245

12,671 12,940 13,211 13,482 13,755

206.413 207.112 207.799 208.475 209.139

900 910 920 930 940

31,828 32,228 32,629 33,032 33,436

24,345 24,662 24,980 25,300 25,621

228.321 228.763 229.202 229.637 230.070

550 560 570 580 590

18,601 18,959 19,318 19,678 20,039

14,028 14,303 14,579 14,856 15,134

209.795 210.440 211.075 211.702 212.320

950 960 970 980 990

33,841 34,247 34,653 35,061 35,472

25,943 26,265 26,588 26,913 27,240

230.499 230.924 231.347 231.767 232.184

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Confirming Pages 936 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–23 Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Continued) _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

35,882 36,709 37,542 38,380 39,223

27,568 28,228 28,895 29,567 30,243

232.597 233.415 234.223 235.020 235.806

1760 1780 1800 1820 1840

70,535 71,523 72,513 73,507 74,506

55,902 56,723 57,547 58,375 59,207

258.151 258.708 259.262 259.811 260.357

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

40,071 40,923 41,780 42,642 43,509

30,925 31,611 32,301 32,997 33,698

236.584 237.352 238.110 238.859 239.600

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940

75,506 76,511 77,517 78,527 79,540

60,042 60,880 61,720 62,564 63,411

260.898 261.436 261.969 262.497 263.022

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

44,380 45,256 46,137 47,022 47,912

34,403 35,112 35,827 36,546 37,270

240.333 241.057 241.773 242.482 243.183

1960 1980 2000 2050 2100

80,555 81,573 82,593 85,156 87,735

64,259 65,111 65,965 68,111 70,275

263.542 264.059 264.571 265.838 267.081

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

48,807 49,707 50,612 51,521 52,434

38,000 38,732 39,470 40,213 40,960

243.877 244.564 245.243 245.915 246.582

2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

90,330 92,940 95,562 98,199 100,846

72,454 74,649 76,855 79,076 81,308

268.301 269.500 270.679 271.839 272.978

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

53,351 54,273 55,198 56,128 57,062

41,711 42,466 43,226 43,989 44,756

247.241 247.895 248.543 249.185 249.820

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600

103,508 106,183 108,868 111,565 114,273

83,553 85,811 88,082 90,364 92,656

274.098 275.201 276.286 277.354 278.407

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

57,999 58,942 59,888 60,838 61,792

45,528 46,304 47,084 47,868 48,655

250.450 251.074 251.693 252.305 252.912

2650 2700 2750 2800 2850

116,991 119,717 122,453 125,198 127,952

94,958 97,269 99,588 101,917 104,256

279.441 280.462 281.464 282.453 283.429

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

62,748 63,709 64,675 65,643 66,614

49,445 50,240 51,039 51,841 52,646

253.513 254.111 254.703 255.290 255.873

2900 2950 3000 3050 3100

130,717 133,486 136,264 139,051 141,846

106,605 108,959 111,321 113,692 116,072

284.390 285.338 286.273 287.194 288.102

1700 1720 1740

67,589 68,567 69,550

53,455 54,267 55,083

256.450 257.022 257.589

3150 3200 3250

144,648 147,457 150,272

118,458 120,851 123,250

288.999 289.884 290.756

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Confirming Pages 937 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–24 Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O _ _ _ T h u s8 kJ/kmol·K K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

    0   298   300   500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 6,852 6,892 11,197 21,713 32,150 34,234 36,317 38,400 40,482 42,564 43,605 44,646 45,687 46,728 47,769 48,811 49,852

0 4,373 4,398 7,040 13,398 19,679 20,931 22,183 23,434 24,685 25,935 26,560 27,186 27,811 28,436 29,062 29,688 30,314

0 160.944 161.079 172.088 186.678 195.143 196.488 197.751 198.941 200.067 201.135 201.649 202.151 202.641 203.119 203.588 204.045 204.493

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

50,894 51,936 52,979 54,021 55,064 56,108 57,152 58,196 59,241 60,286 61,332 62,378 63,425 65,520 67,619 69,720 71,824 73,932

30,940 31,566 32,193 32,820 33,447 34,075 34,703 35,332 35,961 36,590 37,220 37,851 38,482 39,746 41,013 42,283 43,556 44,832

204.932 205.362 205.783 206.196 206.601 206.999 207.389 207.772 208.148 208.518 208.882 209.240 209.592 210.279 210.945 211.592 212.220 212.831

Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH _ _ T h u K kJ/kmol kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

T K

_ h kJ/kmol

_ u kJ/kmol

_ s8 kJ/kmol·K

   0   298   300   500 1000 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350

0 183.594 183.779 198.955 219.624 232.506 234.642 236.672 238.606 240.453 242.221 243.077 243.917 244.740 245.547 246.338 247.116 247.879

2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

77,015 78,801 80,592 82,388 84,189 85,995 87,806 89,622 91,442 93,266 95,095 96,927 98,763 102,447 106,145 109,855 113,578 117,312

57,061 58,431 59,806 61,186 62,572 63,962 65,358 66,757 68,162 69,570 70,983 72,400 73,820 76,673 79,539 82,418 85,309 88,212

248.628 249.364 250.088 250.799 251.499 252.187 252.864 253.530 254.186 254.832 255.468 256.094 256.712 257.919 259.093 260.235 261.347 262.429

TABLE A–25

0 9,188 9,244 15,181 30,123 46,046 49,358 52,706 56,089 59,505 62,952 64,687 66,428 68,177 69,932 71,694 73,462 75,236

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 937

0 6,709 6,749 11,024 21,809 33,575 36,055 38,571 41,123 43,708 46,323 47,642 48,968 50,301 51,641 52,987 54,339 55,697

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Confirming Pages 938 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–26 Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at 258C, 1 atm _ _ _ gf8 s8 hf8 Substance Formula kJ/kmol kJ/kmol kJ/kmol·K Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Water vapor Water Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia Methane Acetylene Ethylene Ethane Propylene Propane n-Butane n-Octane n-Octane n-Dodecane Benzene Methyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Hydroxyl

C(s) H2(g) N2(g) O2(g) CO(g) CO2(g) H2O(g) H2O(,) H2O2(g) NH3(g) CH4(g) C2H2(g) C2H4(g) C2H6(g) C3H6(g) C3H8(g) C4H10(g) C8H18(g) C8H18(,) C12H26(g) C6H6(g) CH3OH(g) CH3OH(,) C2H5OH(g) C2H5OH(,) O(g) H(g) N(g) OH(g)

0 0 0 0 2110,530 2393,520 2241,820 2285,830 2136,310 246,190 274,850 1226,730 +52,280 284,680 +20,410 2103,850 2126,150 2208,450 2249,950 2291,010 +82,930 2200,670 2238,660 2235,310 2277,690 1249,190 1218,000 1472,650 139,460

0 0 0 0 2137,150 2394,360 2228,590 2237,180 2105,600 216,590 250,790 1209,170 168,120 232,890 162,720 223,490 215,710 116,530 +6,610 150,150 1129,660 2162,000 2166,360 2168,570 2174,890 1231,770 1203,290 1455,510 134,280

5.74 130.68 191.61 205.04 197.65 213.80 188.83 69.92 232.63 192.33 186.16 200.85 219.83 229.49 266.94 269.91 310.12 466.73 360.79 622.83 269.20 239.70 126.80 282.59 160.70 161.06 114.72 153.30 183.70

Source of Data: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971); Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and API Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).

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Confirming Pages 939 APPENDIX 1

TABLE A–27 Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons

Fuel (phase)

Formula

Molar mass, kg/kmol

Carbon (s) Hydrogen (g) Carbon monoxide (g) Methane (g) Methanol (,) Acetylene (g) Ethane (g) Ethanol (,) Propane (,) Butane (,) 1-Pentene (,) Isopentane (,) Benzene (,) Hexene (,) Hexane (,) Toluene (,) Heptane (,) Octane (,) Decane (,) Gasoline (,) Light diesel (,) Heavy diesel (,) Natural gas (g)

C H2 CO CH4 CH4O C2H2 C2H6 C2H6O C3H8 C4H10 C5H10 C5H12 C6H6 C6H12 C6H14 C7H8 C7H16 C8H18 C10H22 CnH1.87n CnH1.8n CnH1.7n CnH3.8nN0.1n

12.011 2.016 28.013 16.043 32.042 26.038 30.070 46.069 44.097 58.123 70.134 72.150 78.114 84.161 86.177 92.141 100.204 114.231 142.285 100–110 170 200 18

Density,1 kg/L 2 — — — 0.790 — — 0.790 0.500 0.579 0.641 0.626 0.877 0.673 0.660 0.867 0.684 0.703 0.730     0.72–0.78     0.78–0.84     0.82–0.88 —

Enthalpy of vaporization,2 kJ/kg

Specific heat,1 cp kJ/kg·K

Higher heating value,3 kJ/kg

Lower heating value,3 kJ/kg

— — —  509 1168 —  172  919  335  362  363 —  433  392  366  412  365  363  361  350  270  230 —

0.708 14.4 1.05 2.20 2.53 1.69 1.75 2.44 2.77 2.42 2.20 2.32 1.72 1.84 2.27 1.71 2.24 2.23 2.21 2.4 2.2 1.9 2

32,800 141,800 10,100 55,530 22,660 49,970 51,900 29,670 50,330 49,150 47,760 48,570 41,800 47,500 48,310 42,400 48,100 47,890 47,640 47,300 46,100 45,500 50,000

32,800 120,000 10,100 50,050 19,920 48,280 47,520 26,810 46,340 45,370 44,630 44,910 40,100 44,400 44,740 40,500 44,600 44,430 44,240 44,000 43,200 42,800 45,000

1

At 1 atm and 208C. At 258C for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels. At 258C. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJ/kmol.

2 3

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Confirming Pages 940 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–28 Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction nA A + nB B Δ nC C + nD D is defined as Kp ;

PCnC PDnD PAnA PBnB

Temp., K

H2 Δ 2H

O2 Δ 2O

N2 Δ 2N

298 2164.005 500 292.827 1000 239.803 1200 230.874 1400 224.463 1600 219.637 1800 215.866 2000 212.840 2200 210.353 2400 28.276 2600 26.517 2800 25.002 3000 23.685 3200 22.534 3400 21.516 3600 20.609 3800 0.202 4000 0.934 4500 2.486 5000 3.725 5500 4.743 6000 5.590

2186.975 2105.630 245.150 235.005 227.742 222.285 218.030 214.622 211.827 29.497 27.521 25.826 24.357 23.072 21.935 20.926 20.019 0.796 2.513 3.895 5.023 5.963

2367.480 2213.372 299.127 280.011 266.329 256.055 248.051 241.645 236.391 232.011 228.304 225.117 222.359 219.937 217.800 215.898 214.199 212.660 29.414 26.807 24.666 22.865

H2O Δ H2 + 1/2O2

H2O Δ 1/2H2 + OH

CO2 Δ CO + 1/2O2

292.208 252.691 223.163 218.182 214.609 211.921 29.826 28.145 26.768 25.619 24.648 23.812 23.086 22.451 21.891 21.392 20.945 20.542 0.312 0.996 1.560 2.032

2106.208 260.281 226.034 220.283 216.099 213.066 210.657 28.728 27.148 25.832 24.719 23.763 22.937 22.212 21.576 21.088 20.501 20.044 0.920 1.689 2.318 2.843

2103.762 257.616 223.529 217.871 213.842 210.830 28.497 26.635 25.120 23.860 22.801 21.894 21.111 20.429 0.169 0.701 1.176 1.599 2.490 3.197 3.771 4.245

1

/2N2 + 1/2O2 Δ NO 235.052 220.295 29.388 27.569 26.270 25.294 24.536 23.931 23.433 23.019 22.671 22.372 22.114 21.888 21.690 21.513 21.356 21.216 20.921 20.686 20.497 20.341

Source of Data: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 723, table A.14. Based on thermodynamic data given in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Thermal Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971).

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 940

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Confirming Pages 941 APPENDIX 1 7.5

0.50

7.0

0.55 T

0.60

R

6.5 0.65 0.70

6.0 Sa

0.75

tur

5.5

ate

0.80

dl

iqu

id

0.90

5.0

0.94 0.92 0.98 0.96 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08

0.75

4.5 0.85 0.90

1.10 1.15

0.92

3.5

0.94

1.20

0.96

1.25

3.0 1.30 0.98

2.5

1.40

2.0

1.50 1.60

1.5

r apo 5 dv .9 rate 0 u t Sa .90 0

0.5

1.1 1.2 0 0

1.0

00

1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.20

30

1.

1.

–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Enthalpy departure Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr

0.80

4.0

0.85

2.40 2.60

0

1.5

2.80 3.00

2.00

4.00

0

0.1

0.2

0.3 0.4 0.5

1.0

2.0

3.0 4.0 5.0

10

20

30

FIGURE A–29 Generalized enthalpy departure chart. Source of Data: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley, New York, 1976.

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 941

0.500

0.400

=

TR

80

0.200

=

0.

0

1.0

0.

0.300

0 0.9 0 9

TR

SSa attuu rraa tteed dv vaap poo urr

–– –– hideal – h hideal – h = ————– Enthalpy departure Zh = ————– RuTcr RTcr

Reduced pressure, PR

1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60

0.100

2.00 0.000 0

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

PR

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Confirming Pages

TRr

8.0

urr ppoo .90 vvaa =0 edd e t t a TR ra r u u t t SSaa 0 1.0

0.400 0.300

80

9.0

0.500

0.

Entropy departure

10.0

sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Zs = ————– Ru R

942 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

0.200 0.100 0.000 0

1.10 1.20 1.40 1.60 2.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 PR

7.0 0.55 0.60 sid igqau dedl artaet tautru SSa

sideal – s sideal – s = ————– Entropy departure Zs = ————– Ru R

0.50

6.0

0.65 0.70

5.0

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.80 0.85

4.0

0.90 0.90

0.94

0.92 0.98

0.92 0.96

0.94

1.00

1.02

0.96

0.85

3.0

0.94 0.98

1.04

1.02

1.06 1.08

0.98

1.06

1.10 1.15

2.0 1.20

1.30

1.0.95 00

1.0 r

vapo turated

Sa

0 0.9

0 0.1

0.2

0.3 0.40.5

4 1.0 .10 1 1.20 1.40 1.60

1.0

2.0

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.80

2.00 3.00

2.50

3.0 4.0 5.0

Reduced pressure, PR

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 942

FIGURE A–30 Generalized entropy departure chart. 10

20

30

Source of Data: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley, New York, 1976.

11/22/13 4:08 PM

0.4

2.5 5

10

10

m te

p

0.8 4

% 6

0.8 6

%

50 %

40

Dry bulb temperature °C

20

0%

30%

30

ity umid lative h

8 10% re

C

re °

atu

per

em

lb t

t bu

we

20%

25

0

0.9

2

0.8

0

0.8

0.7 8

40

Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.

20

25

0.8

FIGURE A–31 Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.

15

C e° ur at 20 er

70

0.9

Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.

10

2.0

5

30

15

tu

Sa

n

k

tio ra

r pe

er

50

En

j ilo )k (h 60 py al th

s le ou

m

a gr ilo

80

30

er p dry

40

Enthalpy Dh —————— = —— Humidity ratio D

y

dr

r

ai

30

am

gr kilo

0

0

90

100 4

20

4.0

– 0.2

–∑ 1.0 1.5 – 5.0 2.0 4.0 – 2.0 DHS – ∑ Sensible heat —————– = —— – 4.0 0.0 Total heat DHT – 2.0 1.0 1.0

0.9

0

5.0

10.0

1.0 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 3 0.

Sea Level

0.1

∑

0.2

3.0

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 943 %

©1992 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

.5

%

–0

90

me met

80

olu 2v ic cub

70

ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1 Normal Temperature Barometric Pressure: 101.325 kPa

2

4

6

8

50

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

0.95 1.0

0.90

0.85

0.80

0.75

0.70

0.65

0.60

0.55

0.50

0.45

0.40

0.36

Confirming Pages 943 APPENDIX 1

air

11/22/13 4:08 PM

DHS Sensible heat —————– = —— Total heat DHT Humidity ratio ( ) grams moisture per kilogram dry air

Confirming Pages 944 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

TABLE A–32

k11 Ma* 5 Ma Å 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2

One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 Ma

Ma*

A/A*

P/P0

r/r0

T/T0

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 5.0 `

0 0.1094 0.2182 0.3257 0.4313 0.5345 0.6348 0.7318 0.8251 0.9146 1.0000 1.1583 1.2999 1.4254 1.5360 1.6330 1.7179 1.7922 1.8571 1.9140 1.9640 2.2361 2.2495

` 5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.0944 1.0382 1.0089 1.0000 1.0304 1.1149 1.2502 1.4390 1.6875 2.0050 2.4031 2.8960 3.5001 4.2346 25.000 `

1.0000 0.9930 0.9725 0.9395 0.8956 0.8430 0.7840 0.7209 0.6560 0.5913 0.5283 0.4124 0.3142 0.2353 0.1740 0.1278 0.0935 0.0684 0.0501 0.0368 0.0272 0.0019 0

1.0000 0.9950 0.9803 0.9564 0.9243 0.8852 0.8405 0.7916 0.7400 0.6870 0.6339 0.5311 0.4374 0.3557 0.2868 0.2300 0.1841 0.1472 0.1179 0.0946 0.0760 0.0113 0

1.0000 0.9980 0.9921 0.9823 0.9690 0.9524 0.9328 0.9107 0.8865 0.8606 0.8333 0.7764 0.7184 0.6614 0.6068 0.5556 0.5081 0.4647 0.4252 0.3894 0.3571 0.1667 0

0.5(k 1 1)/(k 2 1) A 1 2 k21 5 a b a1 1 Ma2 b d A* Ma k 1 1 2 2k/(k 2 1) P k21 Ma2 b 5 a1 1 P0 2 21/(k 2 1) r k21 5 a1 1 Ma2 b r0 2 21 T k21 5 a1 1 Ma2 b T0 2

3.0 A/A*

Compressible flow functions

2.5

2.0 Ma* 1.5

1.0 T/T0

0.5

r/r* P/P0 0 0

0.5

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 944

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 945 APPENDIX 1

T01 5 T02 Ma2 5 P2 P1

5

TABLE A–33

(k 2 1)Ma21 Å 2kMa21 2 k 1 1 kMa21 1 1 kMa22

5

12

One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4

11

Ma1

Ma2

P2/P1

r2/r1

T2/T1

P02/P01

P02/P1

1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 4.0 5.0 `

1.0000 0.9118 0.8422 0.7860 0.7397 0.7011 0.6684 0.6405 0.6165 0.5956 0.5774 0.5613 0.5471 0.5344 0.5231 0.5130 0.5039 0.4956 0.4882 0.4814 0.4752 0.4350 0.4152 0.3780

1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8200 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9783 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.3333 18.5000 29.000 `

1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6897 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6667 2.8119 2.9512 3.0845 3.2119 3.3333 3.4490 3.5590 3.6636 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 6.0000

1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7705 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000 `

1.0000 0.9989 0.9928 0.9794 0.9582 0.9298 0.8952 0.8557 0.8127 0.7674 0.7209 0.6742 0.6281 0.5833 0.5401 0.4990 0.4601 0.4236 0.3895 0.3577 0.3283 0.1388 0.0617 0

 1.8929  2.1328  2.4075  2.7136  3.0492  3.4133  3.8050  4.2238  4.6695  5.1418  5.6404  6.1654  6.7165  7.2937  7.8969  8.5261  9.1813  9.8624 10.5694 11.3022 12.0610 21.0681 32.6335 `

2kMa21 2 k 1 1 k11

r2 P2/P1 (k 1 1)Ma21 V1 5 5 5 r1 T2/T1 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma21 V2 T2 T1

P02 P01 P02 P1

5

5 5

2 1 Ma21(k 2 1) 2 1 Ma22(k 2 1)

Ma1 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2 (k 11)/[2(k 21)] c d Ma2 1 1 Ma21(k 2 1)/2 (1 1 kMa21)[1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2] k/(k21) 1 1 kMa22

5.0 P02/P1

P2 /P1

Normal shock functions

4.0

r2 /r1

3.0 T2 /T1

2.0

1.0 Ma2 P02/P01 0 1.0

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 945

1.5

2.0 Ma1

2.5

3.0

11/22/13 4:08 PM

Confirming Pages 946 PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS

T0 (k 1 1)Ma2 [2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2] 5 * T0 (1 1 kMa2)2

TABLE A–34 Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4

P0 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 k/(k 2 1) k11 a b 5 2 P*0 1 1 kMa k11

Ma

T0/T 0*

P0/P 0*

T/T*

P/P*

V/V*

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0

0.0000 0.0468 0.1736 0.3469 0.5290 0.6914 0.8189 0.9085 0.9639 0.9921 1.0000 0.9787 0.9343 0.8842 0.8363 0.7934 0.7561 0.7242 0.6970 0.6738 0.6540

1.2679 1.2591 1.2346 1.1985 1.1566 1.1141 1.0753 1.0431 1.0193 1.0049 1.0000 1.0194 1.0777 1.1756 1.3159 1.5031 1.7434 2.0451 2.4177 2.8731 3.4245

0.0000 0.0560 0.2066 0.4089 0.6151 0.7901 0.9167 0.9929 1.0255 1.0245 1.0000 0.9118 0.8054 0.7017 0.6089 0.5289 0.4611 0.4038 0.3556 0.3149 0.2803

2.4000 2.3669 2.2727 2.1314 1.9608 1.7778 1.5957 1.4235 1.2658 1.1246 1.0000 0.7958 0.6410 0.5236 0.4335 0.3636 0.3086 0.2648 0.2294 0.2004 0.1765

0.0000 0.0237 0.0909 0.1918 0.3137 0.4444 0.5745 0.6975 0.8101 0.9110 1.0000 1.1459 1.2564 1.3403 1.4046 1.4545 1.4938 1.5252 1.5505 1.5711 1.5882

Ma(1 1 k) 2 T 5 a b T* 1 1 kMa2 11k P 5 P* 1 1 kMa2 r* (1 1 k)Ma2 V 5 5 r V* 1 1 kMa2

3.5 P0 /P0* 3.0

Rayleigh flow functions

2.5

2.0 V/V * 1.5

1.0 T0 /T 0* 0.5

T/T * P/P*

0 0

0.5

cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 946

1.0

1.5 Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

11/22/13 4:08 PM