SHS PR2 Module 1 Applied Revised Sabio Roldan 2 3

 

Sfmier @ig` Sc`eej

\r hXcuthirctfr hj8 – ^ Oeb fsebu fuhj fr c8;` >  – O  

Mhturf ea Imquiry hmb ^fsfhrc`

i

 

\rhctichj ^fsfhrc` ^fsfhrc` >  Hj tfr tfrmht mht i vf Bfj Bfjii vfr vfry y Oe bf Xuhrtfr 8- Oebuj f 8 8;; Mhturf ea Imquiry hmb ^fsfhrc` ^fsfhrc` Airst Fbitie m, >< >< >< ^fpun jic Hct 0> ^fpun 0>93 93,, sfctie m 871 871 sthtfs  sthtfs t`ht; Me cepyrig`t s`hjj sunsist im hmy werd ea t`f Gevfrmofmt ea t`f \`ijippimfs. \`ijippimfs. @ewfvfr, prier hpprevhj ea tt`f `f gevfrmofmt hgfmcy er eaaicf w`frfim t`f werd is crfhtfb s`hjj nf mfcfsshry aer fxpjeithtiem ea suc` werd aer preait. Suc` hgfmcy er eaaicf ohy, hoemg et`fr t`imgs, iopesf hs h cembitiem t`f phyofmt ea reyhjtifs. Nerrewfb ohtfrihjs (i.f., semgs, sterifs, pefos, picturfs, p`etes, nrhmb mhofs, trhbfohrds, ftc.) imcjubfb im t`is need hrf ewmfb ny t`fir rfspfctivf cepyrig`t `ejbfrs. Fvfry faaert `hs nffm fxfrtfb te jechtf hmb sffd pfroissiem te usf t`fsf ohtfrihjs areo t`fir rfspfctivf cepyrig`t ewmfrs. R`f punjis`fr hmb hut`ers be met rfprfsfmt mer cjhio ewmfrs`ip evfr t`fo. \unjis`fb ny t`f Bfphrtofmt ea Fbuchtiem Sfcrfthry; Jfemer Ohgtejis Nriemfs Vmbfrsfcrfthry;; Biesbhbe O. Shm Hmtemie Vmbfrsfcrfthry Bfvfjep Bfvf jep ofmt Rfho Rfho ea t`f Oebujf Writfrs; Ajerif Hmm A. Shnie hmb Dfis`h Ohrif \. ^ejbhm  ^ejbhm   ^fvifwfr; Br. Cjhvfj B. Shjimhs Fvhjuhter; @fmry Fvhjuhter;  @fmry B. Fspimh, Kr.  Kr.  Oebfrhter; Br. Oebfrhter;  Br. Hrjfmf Nuet Ijjustrhter; ^esfohrif \. Shnie  Shnie  Jhyeut Jhy eut Hrtist; Dfis`h Ohrif \. ^ejbhm  ^ejbhm  Sc`eejs Bivisiem Supfrimtfmbfmt Ohmhgfofmt Rfho; Br. Ohrijym S. Hmbhjfs Br. Jfh` N. Hphe Hssisthmt Sc`eejs Bivisiem Supfrimtfmbfmt Br. Fstfr H. Authjhm Hssisthmt Sc`eejs Bivisiem Supfrimtfmbfmt Br. Chrtfsh O. \frice Hssisthmt Sc`eejs Bivisiem Supfrimtfmbfmt Br. Ohry Hmm \. Ajerfs CIB C`ifa Or. Ishihs` R. Whghs Fbuchtiem \regrho Supfrviser-J^OBS Br. Cjhvfj Shjimhs \SBS/S@S Bivisiem Ceerbimhter

\rimtfb im t`f \`ijippimfs ny ; Bfphrtofmt Bf phrtofmt e a Fbuchtiem , ^ ^fgiem fgiem QI QII, I, B Bivi ivi siem ea Cf Cfnu nu \revi mcf Eaaicf Hbbrfss;

I\@E Njbg., Subjem, Jh`ug, Cfnu City

Rfjfahx;

() >66-12 Xu hr tfr 8 –  – O  Oeb ebu u j f 8;   Mhturf ea Imquiry hmb ^fsfhrc`

iii

 

OFSSHGF RE FBVCHRE^S/\H^FMRS ‚Fbuchtiem is t`f oest pewfrauj wfhpem w`ic` yeu chm usf te c`hmgf t`f werjb.   Mfjsem Ohmbfjh ‟  

Fbuchtiem is hm ioperthmt hspfct t`ht pjhys h `ugf rejf im t`is oebfrm, imbustrihjizfb werjb. It is hm ioperthmt fjfofmt hmb prier cembitiem ea rfvhopimg t`f secifty. It fopewfrs t`f pfepjf te ceoprf`fmb t`f werjb eut ea t`f nex hmb `fjp t`fo te nfceof `uohmist, sfja-rfjihmt hmb nf hnjf te survivf im t`is ceopftitivf werjb. Im cemmfctiem wit` t`is, t`f Bfphrtofmt ea Fbuchtiem cemtimuf its oissiem t`ht is te preoetf t`f rig`t ea fvfry Aijipime te quhjity, fquithnjf, cujturf-nhsfb, hmb ceopjftf nhsic fbuchtiem bfspitf t`f prenjfos t`ht eur ceumtry is ahcimg rig`t mew. Emf ea t`f whys te cemtimuf bfjivfrimg quhjity fbuchtiem bfspitf t`is phmbfoic CEQIB-89 is t`f crhatimg ea t`is oebujf. R`is wijj givf hm eppertumity te fvfry jfhrmfr te cemtimuf jfhrmimg rig`t im t`fir `eofs. Aer fbuchters, yeu hrf mew rfhbimg \rhctichj ^fsfhrc` >; Airst Xuhrtfr Hjtfrmhtivf Bfjivfry Oebf (HBO) Oebujf 8 em ‚bfscrinf c`hrhctfristics, strfmgt `s hmb wfhdmfssf wfhdmfssfs, s, h hmb mb di mbs e a quhmti thtivf rfsf rfsfhrc`. hrc`. CS CSU^ U^S8 S8>-I >-Ihh-cc8‟ hs 8‟ hs sthtfb im t`f t `f D-8> Oest Fssfmtihj Jfhrmimg Ceopftfmcifs. R`is oebujf is wijj `fjp hmb guibf yeu wit` t`f t `f airst ceopftfmcy t`ht yeu weujb nf tfhc`img im \rhctichj ^fsfhrc` >. R`is oebujf is ceopesfb ea jfhrmimg hctivitifs t`ht vhry areo siopjf- te- ceopjfx, te jft yeur stubfmts fxpjerf oerf hmb te ohstfr t`f givfm ceopftfmcy oerf faafctivfjy. Fhc` phrt ea t`is oebujf is spfciaichjjy crhatfb thdimg imte cemsibfrhtiem t`f bivfrsf Aijipime jfhrmfrs hmb t`fir sdijjs hmb hnijitifs. Re yeu bfhr phrfmts, w`e hrf tirfjfssjy suppertimg eur jfhrmfrs, t`is oebujf is hjse bfbichtfb. It is nfjifvf nfjifvfb b t`ht w`fm phrfmts hrf hrf fmghgfb  fmghgfb im t`fir c`ijbrfm’s sc`eej fxpfrifmcfs, stubfmts hrf fmceurhgfb hmb oetivhtfb te met emjy aimis` t`fir sc`eej thsds, nut hjse bfvfjep h jiafjemg jevf ea jfhrmimg nfchusf t`fy dmew t`fy chm fxpfct ahoijy guibhmcf hmb `eof suppert. @fmcf, t`is oebujf chm `fjp yeu guibf yeur c`ijbrfm im jfhrmimg ht `eof rfghrbjfss ea `hvimg t`f nhcdgreumb dmewjfbgf aer t`f sunkfct hrfh er met. R`f hctivitifs hmb imstructiems stipujhtfb im t`is oebujf hrf writtfm ofticujeusjy te fmsurf t`ht yeu, t`f phrfmts, chm stijj ahcijithtf jfhrmimg ht t`f ceoaert ea yeur ewm `eof. It is t`f `epf ea t`f writfrs ea t`is oebujf t`ht yeu, t`f fbuchters, hs wfjj hs yeu, t`f phrfmts, wijj aimb t`is oebujf ea grfht hssisthmcf im yeur keurmfy te cemtimueus jfhrmimg fbuchtiem bfspitf t`f struggjfs ht `hmb.

iv

 

IO\E^RHMR WE^BS RE R@F JFH^MF^S ‚R`f yeut` is t`f `epf ea t`f mhtiem,‟ Kesf ^izhj, eur mhtiemhj `fre is ahoeusjy quetfb aer t`is sthtfofmt. @f nfjifvfs t`ht yeu (t`f yeut`) hrf fssfmtihj aer t`f pregrfss hmb t`f succfss ea eur nfjevfb ceumtry, R`f \`ijippimfs. R`ht is t`f rfhsem w`y t`f Bfphrtofmt ea Fbuchtiem, `fhbfb ny t`f fvfr `hmbs-em sfcrfthry, Jfemer Ohgtejis Nriemfs, fmsurfs t`ht fbuchtiem wijj cemtimuf im hjj jfvfjs im t`f mhtiem bfspitf t`f t`rfht ea Cevib-89 phmbfoic. Cemtimuimg fbuchtiem nfceofs h sejib aeumbhtiem, h sthnijity, hmb h grfhtfst `epf, t`ht im t`f auturf gfmfrhtiems te ceof, jfssems jfhrmfb im t`is tryimg tiofs ea t`f phmbfoic wijj nf hppjifb te nfttfr sfrvfb t`is ceumtry. Im turm, yeu, hs priohry sthdf`ejbfr ea jfhrmimg, is givfm t`is Rfhc`fr-ohbf fbuchtiemhj oebujf, hs yeur Hjtfrmhtivf Bfjivfry Oebf ea Jfhrmimg, se t`ht yeu chm cemtimuf yeur fbuchtiemhj keurmfy tewhrbs succfss. R`is oebujf is writtfm wit` yeur hnijitifs hmb sdijjs thdfm imte cemsibfrhtiem. It is t`f grfhtfst `epf ea t`f writfrs t`ht yeu wijj met emjy fmkey rfhbimg hmb hmswfrimg t`f hctivitifs nut hjse ioprevfb yeur hnijity im t`f aifjb ea \rhctichj ^fsfhrc`. R`f aejjewimg icems hrf usfb aer yeu te nf guibfb im fvfry phrt ea t`f oebujf.

W@HR I MFFB RE DMEW

R`f airst phrt s`ews t`f Jfhrmimg Ceopftfmcifs, t`f jfhrmimg eutceofs, hmb t`f sdijjs mffbfb te nf bfvfjepfb ht t`f fmb ea t`is jfssem.

R`is phrt c`fcds t`f prier dmewjfbgf hneut t`f W@HR I DMEW

jfssem te nf thdfm.

R`is phrt cemmfcts t`f prfvieus jfssem te t`f mfw jfssem te nf thdfm t`reug` hm hctivity er fxfrcisf. W@HR’S IM5  W@HR’S IM5 

W@HR’S W@HR ’S MFW5  MFW5 

R`f mfw jfssem is imtrebucfb im t`is phrt im h crfhtivf aero. It chm nf t`reug` h semg, h picturf, h pefo, hm hctivity er h situhtiem hmb t`f jidf.

v

 

Mfcfsshry imaerohtiem is prfsfmtfb im t`is phrt aer guibhmcf hmb nfttfr umbfrsthmbimg. umbfrsthmbimg. W@HR IS IR5

 Hctivity/ifs hrf hmswfrfb `frf te tfst dmewjfbgf hmb sdijjs ghimfb im t`is jfssem.

t`f

W@HR’S W@HR ’S OE^F5  OE^F5 

Im t`is phrt, sthtfofmt/s chm nf writtfm te fxprfss t`f jfhrmimg gjfhmfb im t`is jfssem. W@HR @HQF I JFH^MFB5

W@HR CHM I BE5

 H trhmsafr ea mfwjy hcquirfb hcquirfb dmewjfbgf hmb hmb sdijjs im hppjichtiem te rfhj jiaf situhtiems is previbfb im t`is phrt. R`is phrt hssfssfs t`f ohstfry ea t`f jfssem prfsfmtfb im t`is oebujf.

HSSFSSOFMR

R`is phrt givfs fmric`ofmt hctivitifs te fm`hmcf t`f sdijjs im t`is jfssem. HBBIRIEMHJ HCRIQIRIFS

HMSWF^ DFYS W@HR I MFFB RE DMEW5

R`is phrt cemthims t`f hmswfrs te hjj t`f hctivitifs im t`is oebujf.

 Ht t`f fmb ea t`is oebujf, yeu wijj aimb t`f ^fafrfmcfs Sfctiem  Sfctiem   w`frf hjj rfjihnjf seurcfs hrf hrrhmgfb hmb jistfb aer yeur guibhmcf hmb auturf usf. Re ohdf t`f oest ea t`is fxpfrifmcf, `frf hrf h afw rfoimbfrs; 8. Dffp im oim oimb b t`ht t`is oebuj oebujf f is t`f prepf prepfrty rty ea t`f gevfrmof gevfrmofmt. mt. Yeu hrf met te hmswfr im t`is oebujf nut te usf h biaafrfmt biaaf rfmt phpfr er metfneed hssigmfb ny yeur tfhc`fr hs yeur hmswfr s`fft. Ohrdimgs er writimgs hrf strictjy met hjjewfb. >. R`f jfsse jfssems ms hmb hctivitifs iim m t`is oebujf hrf hrrhmgfb im h sp spfciaic fciaic ohmmfr te guibf yeu im imbfpfmbfmt jfhrmimg se it is met hbvishnjf te kuop areo emf hctivity te t`f et`fr. It weujb nf nfst ia yeu wijj aejjew t`reug` wit` t`f biaafrfmt phrts ea t`f oebujf te fmsurf t`f nfst pessinjf jfhrmimg fxpfrifmcf.

vi

 

3. It is hjse iope ioperthmt rthmt t`ht yeu rfhb t`f imstructiems chrfaujjy te givf t`f cerrfct hmswfrs.

2. Aimhjjy, nfhr im oimb t`ht t`is is h `eof-nhsfb oebujf, se ye yeu u oust hmsw hmswfr fr it em yeur ewm ceoaert w`ijf ht `eof. Yeu oust up`ejb trustwert`imfss im hmswfrimg hmb c`fcdimg yeur ewm werd.

Fvfm t`eug` t`is is hm imbfpfmbfmt oebujf, yeu hrf stremgjy fmceurhgfb te cemthct yeur tfhc`fr ahcijithter ia t`frf hrf cemausiems hmb qufstiems yeu whmt te hbbrfss. Be met aergft t`ht ceooumichtiem nftwffm yeu hmb yeur tfhc`fr ahcijithter wijj nf ea grfht hbvhmthgf aer h nfttfr succfss rhtf im t`f usf ea t`is oebujf. It is t`f `epf ea t`f writfrs t`ht t`is oebujf weujb nf h vfry `fjpauj teej im ahcijithtimg imbfpfmbfmt jfhrmimg te yeu te prfphrf yeu aer h oerf ceopftitivf werjb hatfr `ig` sc`eej. R`eug` it is h grfht c`hjjfmgf, nut wf nfjifvf im yeur hnijity te nf rfsijifmt hmb te risf hnevf yeur prfsfmt situhtiem. Sehr @ig` Sfmier!

W@HR I MFFB RE DMEW

 H pjfhshmt bhy jfhrmfr! jfhrmfr! R`is oebujf is t`f airst jfssem te nf thcdjfb aer t`f sunkfct, \rh \rhcti cti chj ^fsfhrc` ^fsfhrc` >, im w`ic` yeu hrf te bfvfjep t`f ceopftfmcy nfjew. R`is oebujf is fspfcihjjy bfsigmfb te ohdf surf t`ht yeu wijj nf hnjf te hmswfr t`f hctivitifs hmb sdijjs hppreprihtf aer t`is tepic. Yeu oust nf hnjf te; Jfhrmimg Ceopftfmcy; Bfscrinf c`hrhctfristics, strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs, hmb dimbs dimb s ea quhmti thti vf rfsfhrc`. CSU CSU^S ^S8>-I 8>-Ih-c-8 h-c-8  Ht t`f fmb ea t`is oebujf, oebujf, yeu eug`t te; Jfhrmimg Jfh rmimg Eutceof Eutceofs; s;  H. Bfscrinf t`f c`hrhctfristics, strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs, wfhdmfssfs, hmb dimbs ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`. N. Fxhoimf rfhj jia jiaf f situhtiems/scfmhries t`ht s`ew t`f c`hrhctfristics, strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs, wfhdmfssfs, hmb dimbs ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`4 hmb C. Bftfroimf h situhtie situhtiem m (pfrsemhj fxpf fxpfrifmcf, rifmcf, ensfrvfb fxp fxpfrifmcf, frifmcf, ftc.) t`ht chusfs prenjfo/s hmb `ew te hppjy quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` te sejvf it. 7vii

 

W@HR I DMEW

Rfst I. I. B Birfcti irfcti ems ; Oh Ohtc` tc` t` f wer werbs/p`rhsfs bs/p`rhsfs im N te t`f iohgf iohgfs s im H. Writf t`f jfttfr ea t `f cerrfct hmswfr em h sf sfphrhtf phrhtf s`fft ea phpfr.

 H  H.

N.

C.

B.

F.

A.

G.

@.

I.

K.

D.

J.

O.

M.

E.

N  UUUUU8. CESRJY

 UUUUU9. FP\F^IOFMRHJ FP\F^IOFMRHJ ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU>. CYCJICHJ

 UUUUU8. XVHMRIRHRIQF ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU6. ^F\JICHRIEM

 UUUUU83. SV^QFY ^FSFH^C@ ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU1. ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU82. CHVSHJ-CEO\H^HRIQF CHVSHJ-CEO\H^HRIQF ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU7. CE^^FJHRIEMHJ ^FSFH^C@ ^FSFH^C@  UUUUU0. BFSC^I\RIQF ^FSFH^C@

 UUUUU86 IMCEO\JFRF IMCEO\JFRF HMB IMHCCV^HR

 

0 viii

 

Rfst II. R^VF E^ AHJSF.   Birfctiems; ^fhb fhc` ea t`f sthtfofmt nfjew chrfaujjy. Ia yeu nfjifvf t`ht t`f sthtfofmt is R R^V ^VF, F, brhw h . Ia yeu nfjifvf t`ht it is A AHJSF, HJSF, t`fm brhw h . Brh Brhw w yeur hmswfrs em h sf sfphrhtf phrhtf s`ff s`fftt ea phpfr.  UUUUU8.. Xuhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` is cestjy nfchusf ea t`f jhrgf muonfr ea rfspembfmts  UUUUU8 mffbfb hmb t`f muonfr ea qufstiemmhirfs te nf rfprebucfb.  UUUUU>. H jhrgf muonfr e eaa bhth hrf usf usfb b te s`ew trfmbs, rfjhtiems`ips, e err biaafrfmcfs hoemg vhrihnjfs hmb is emf ea t`f wfhdmfssfs ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`.  UUUUU3. ^fjihnjf quhmtithtivf stubifs CHMMER nf rfpfhtfb te vfriay er cemairo its cerrfctmfss im hmet`fr sfttimg.  UUUUU2. Imquiry is cjesfjy jimdfb wit` rfsfhrc` nfchusf imvfstightimg er fxhoimimg h p`fmeofmem is `ew rfsfhrc` is sthrtfb.  UUUUU6. Xuhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` is MER h scifmtiaic, fxpf fxpfriofmthj, riofmthj, er imbuctivf ohmmfr ea t`imdimg.  UUUUU1. ^fsfhrc` hjjews yeu te birfctjy ohdf h cemcjusiem wit`eut hopjf bhth ght`frfb usimg h prenjfo-sejvimg tfc`miquf.  UUUUU7. Xuhjithtivf rfsfhrc` usfs s structurfb tructurfb rfsfhrc` imstruofmts jidf qufstiemmhirfs te cejjfct ofhsurhnjf c`hrhctfristics ea t`f rfspembfmts.  UUUUU0. Bfscriptivf rfsfhrc` is t`f bfsigm cemcfrmfb wit` bfscrinimg t`f mhturf, c`hrhctfristics hmb ceopemfmts ceopemfmts ea t`f pepujhtiem er h p`fmeofmem.  UUUUU9. Fxpfriofmthj ^fsfhrc` is t`f systfohtic imvfstightiem ea t`f mhturf ea rfjhtiems`ips, er hssecihtiems nftwffm hmb hoemg vhrihnjfs wit`eut mfcfsshrijy imvfstightimg imte chushj rfhsems umbfrjyimg t`fo.  UUUUU8 jfhrmfrs ea Ahit` Sc`eej.

C. Bfscrinimg t`f rfjhtiems`ip nftwffm t`f imceofs ea t`f fopjeyffs wit` t`fir werd pfraerohmcf. B. Bftfroimimg w`ft`fr h ceoputfr-nhsfb HCR pregrho `hs h pesitivf faafct em HCR tfst scerfs.

N. Faafctivfmfss ea Rfhc`img Oht`fohtics Vsimg Cemvfmtiemhj hmb Oebfrm Oft`ebs.

F. \revimg t`ht ohrrihgf `hs h mfghtivf cerrfjhtiem wit` chmcfr. It ofhms t`ht ohrrifb pfepjf hrf jfss jidfjy te bfvfjep chmcfr.

W@HR’S ’S IM5  IM5  W@HR

Rfst I. Nfjew hrf t`f quhjitifs ea h quhjithtivf hmb quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`. Birfctiems; Chtfgerizf t`fo, brhw t`f shof nex nfjew em h sfphrhtf s`fft ea phpfr, hmb hmb w rit f yeur hmswfrs t`frf. @ejistic

Structurfb Bhth Bhth Ght`frimg Ght`frimg Oft`ebs Oft`ebs

Fxpjerhtery

@ypet`fsfs hrf tfstfb

\urpesivf Shopjimg Shopjimg \recfss-erifmtfb

Ofhsurhnjf Ofhsurhnjf Bfbuct Bfbuct ivf

Sunkfctivf Imbuctivf

Qfrnhj Qfrnhj

^fsujt ^fsujt -erifmtfb ^hmbeo ^hmbeo Shopjim Shopjim g

@ypet`fsfs hrf gfmfrhtfb gfmfrhtfb

 Hm hjyzfb hjy zfb u si mg we rb s, p ic tu rfs & e nk fcts fct s Mem-structur fb Bhth Bhth Ght`frimg Ght`frimg Oft`ebs Oft`ebs

8. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU >. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 3. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 2. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 6. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 1. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 7. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 0. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 9. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 8. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 3. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 2. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 6. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU

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1. UUUUUUUUUUUU 7. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 0. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 9. UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 8.  UUUUUUUUUU UU>. R`fsf hrf imaerohtiem w`i w`ic` c` hrf fxprfssfb im muonf muonfrs. rs.  UUUUUUUUUUUU3.  UUUUUUUUUU UU3. R`fsf h hrf rf prfsuoptiems te nf ceopu ceoputfb tfb nfaerf hc hccfptimg cfptimg it hs truf.  UUUUUUUUUUUU2.  UUUUUUUUUU UU2. R`f rfjf rfjfvhmcf vhmcf ea t`f e eutceof utceof is o oerf erf ioperthmt t`hm t`f precfss ea t`f rfsfhrc`.  UUUUUUUUUUUU6.  UUUUUUUUUUU U6. R`is is t`f hnijity ea t`f bhth te nf ceumtfb. ceumtfb.  UUUUUUUUUUUU1.  UUUUUUUUUU UU1. It bfmetfs t`f umnihsf umnihsfb b rfprfsfmthtiem ea t`f tethj pepujhtiem. pepujhtiem.  UUUUUUUUUUUU7.  UUUUUUUUUU UU7. It sthrts eut wit` h gfmfrhj sthtfofmt, er `ypet`fsis, hmb fxhoimfs t`f pessinijitifs te rfhc` h spfciaic, jegichj j egichj cemcjusiem.  UUUUUUUUUUUU0.  UUUUUUUUUU UU0. It is ofhmt te previbf imaerohtiem t`ht is usfauj im rfhc`img cemcjusiems er bfcisiem-ohdimg.  UUUUUUUUUUU 9. R`f rfsujts hmb cemcjusiem hrf nhsfb em rfjfvhmt ahcts, met em pfrsemhj pfrcfptiem.  UUUUUUUUUUU8. Hoemg t`f ibfmtiaifb prenjfos, w`ic` emf is yeur tep prierity te nf sejvfb airst hs h stubfmt5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU 83. W`ht hrf t`f prfjioimhry stfps t`ht yeu chm be te sejvf t`f prenjfo hnevf5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU 82. W`ht is t`f rejf ea Geb er yeur spirituhj jiaf im sejvimg t`f prenjfo im muonfr 8>5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU 86. @ew ioperthmt is t`f prenjfo-sejvimg tfc`miquf im rfhj jiaf situhtiem5  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UU  

8>

 

W@HR IS IR5

XVHMRIRHRIQF ^FSFH^C@

Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfhrc`  ^fsfhrc`   is hm enkfctivf, systfohtic, fopirichj imvfstightiem ea ensfrvhnjf p`fmeofmh wit` ceoputhtiemhj tfc`miqufs. It `ig`jig`ts muofrichj hmhjysis ea bhth `epimg t`ht t`f muonfrs yifjb umnihsfb rfsujts t`ht chm nf ^fhbimg ^f hbimg 8; C`hrhctfristi cs ea Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfh ^fsfhrc` rc` gfmfrhjizfb te seof jhrgfr pepujhtiem hmb fxpjhim hm ensfrvhtiem. (\rhctichj ^fsfhrc` >4pp 8->4Jeriohr \un, c>. SR^VCRV^FB ^FSFH^C@ IMSR^VOFMRS. Bhth hrf merohjjy ght`frfb usimg structurfb rfsfhrc` teejs suc` hs qufstiemmhirfs te cejjfct ofhsurhnjf c`hrhctfristics ea t`f pepujhtiem.  pepujhtiem.  3. CJFH^JY BFAIMFB ^FSFH^C@ XVFSRIEMS. Im quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`, t`f rfsfhrc`frs dmew im hbvhmcf w`ht t`fy hrf jeedimg aer. R`f rfsfhrc` qufstiems hrf wfjj-bfaimfb aer w`ic` enkfctivf hmswfrs hrf seug`t. Hjj hspfcts ea t`f stuby hrf chrfaujjy bfsigmfb nfaerf bhth hrf ght`frfb. ght`frfb.   2. 2. MVOF^ICHJ  MVOF^ICHJ BHRH. Bhth hrf im t`f aero ea muonfrs hmb sthtistics, eatfm erghmizfb hmb prfsfmtfb usimg thnjfs, c`hrts, grhp`s hmb aigurfs t`ht cemsejibhtf cem sejibhtf jhrgf muonfrs ea bhth te s`ew rfjhtiems`ip hoemg vhrihnjfs. 6. JH^GF JH ^GF SHO\JF SI[FS SI[FS.. Re hrrivf ht h oerf rfjihnjf bhth hmhjysis, h merohj pepujhtiem bistrinutiem curvf is prfafrrfb. R`is rfquirfs h jhrgf shopjf sizf, bfpfmbimg em `ew t`f t `f c`hrhctfristics ea t`f pepujhtiem vhry. 1. ^F\JICHRIEM. ^fjihnjf quhmtithtivf stubifs chm nf rfpfhtfb te vfriay er cemairo t`f cerrfctmfss ea t`f rfsujts im hmet`fr sfttimg. R`is strfmgt`fms t`f vhjibity ea t`f aimbimgs t`us fjioimhtimg t`f pessinijity ea spurieus cemcjusiems. 7. 7. AVRV^F  AVRV^F EVRCEOFS. Ny usimg ceopjfx oht`fohtichj chjcujhtiems hmb wit` t`f hib ea ceoputfrs, ia-t`fm scfmhries ohy nf aeroujhtfb t`us prfbictimg auturf rfsujts. 83

 

R`f Strfmgt Strfmgt `s hmb Wfhdmfssfs Wfhdmfssfs ea Xuhmtithtiv f ^f ^fsfh sfhrc` rc` SR^FMGR@S

WFHDMFSSFS

 It ohy nf tiof t iof cemsuoimg

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cemsibfrimg h jhrgf shopjf.  shopjf.    Fxhct hmswfrs ohy met nf prepfrjy prfsfmtfb nfchusf t`fy hrf quhmtithtivfjy fxprfssfb.  fxprfssfb.   Sthtistichj ceoputhtiems hrf ceopjfx aer seof.  seof.   Ree ouc` oft`ebejegy ohy bisohy rfsfhrc`frs, fspfcihjjy em rhmbeoizhtiem im t`f sfjfctiem shopjf.   shopjf.  Met hjj quhmtithtivf bhth hrf

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 \revibfs fstiohtfs ea pepujhtiem ht jhrgf.  jhrgf.   Imbichtfs t`f fxtfmsivfmfss ea httitubf `fjb ny pfepjf.  pfepjf.   \revibfs rfsujts w`ic` ceujb nf cembfmsfb te sthtistics.  sthtistics.   Hjjews sthtistichj ceophrisem nftwffm vhrieus greups.  greups.    @hs prfcisiem, is bfaimitivf hmb sthmbhrbizfb.   sthmbhrbizfb.  Ofhsurfs t`f jfvfj ea eccurrfmcf, hctiems, trfmbs ftc.  ftc.    Chm hmswfr t`f qufstiems, ‚@ew ohmy5‟ hmb ‚@ew eatfm5‟  eatfm5‟   It is enkfctivf. Simcf it previbfs muofrichj bhth, it chmmet nf fhsijy oisimtfrprftfb.

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fxtfmsivfjy imtfrprftfb.  biscussfb hmb imtfrprftfb.  It is cestjy. Simcf it `hs jhrgf pepujhtiem sizf, t`f fxpfmsfs wijj nf grfhtfr im rfhc`img eut te t`f rfspembfmts.   rfspembfmts.

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Dimbs ea Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfhrc`

Bfscriptivf ^fsfhrc`  

Survfy ^fsfhrc`  

Cerrfjhtiemhj ^fsfhrc`  

Chsuhj-Ceophrhtivf 

Fvhjuhtiem

Fxpfriofmthj

^fsfhrc`  

^fsfhrc`  

^fsfhrc`   82

 

Bfscri pti vf ^f Bfscri ^fsfhrc`. sfhrc`. R`is  R`is bfsigm is cemcfrmfb wit` bfscrinimg t`f mhturf, c`hrhctfristics hmb ceopemfmts ceopemfmts ea tt`f `f pepujhtiem er h p`fmeofmem.

Fxhopjf; 8. R`f `eurs sfmier `ig` sc`eej stubfmts spfmb im secihj ofbih. >. R`f cembitiem ea Me nhcd-ribimg \ejicy ea oetercycjfs im t`f tewm ea \hg-hsh   \hg-hsh 3. R`f faafct ea t`f s`iatimg ea cjhssfs te stubfmts hmb phrfmts

Cerrfjhtiemhj ^f ^fsfh sfhrc`. rc`. It  It is t`f t `f systfohtic imv imvfstightiem fstightiem ea t`f mhturf ea rfjhtiems`ips, er hssecihtiems nftwffm hmb hoemg vhrihnjfs wit`eut mfcfsshrijy mfcfssh rijy imvfstightimg imte chushj rfhsems umbfrjyimg t`fo.   Fxhopjf; Yeu whmt te rfsfhrc` hneut t`f rfjhtiems`ip ea t`f aejjewimg; 8. sfx hmb oht`fohtichj hnijity  >. ohrrihgf hmb chmcfr rfcevfry  3. eccuphtiem, hmb jiaf sphm.

Fvhjuhtiem ^fsfhrc`.  ^fsfhrc`.  R`is dimb ea rfsfhrc` hios te hssfss t`f faafcts, iophcts er eutceofs ea prhcticfs, pejicifs, er pregrhos. Fxhopjf; 8. Bftfroimim Bftfroimimg g t`f iophct ea h mfw trfhtofmt precfburf te phtifmts. >. Fvhjuhtimg t`f httitubf ea t`f stubfmts im jfhrmimg te t`f mfw tfc`mejegy usfb im tfhc`img 3. R`f faafctivfmfss ea wfhrimg ea ahcfohsd im t`f tewm ea \hg-hsh. \hg -hsh.

Survfy ^fsfhrc`.  ^fsfhrc`.  H survfy rfsfhrc` is usfb te ght`fr imaerohtiem areo greups ea pfepjf ny sfjfctimg hmb stubyimg shopjfs c`esfm areo h pepujhtiem. It ohy nf bemf im vhrieus whys jidf ahcf-te-ahcf, p`emf, fohij, hmb emjimf. Fxhopjf; 8. Bftfroimimg t`f rhtf ea preoetiem ea becterhtf bfgrff `ejbfrs aivf yfhrs Fxhopjf; hatfr fhrmimg t`f bfgrff. >. Shmithry prhcticfs ea t`f stubfmt ht `eof  `eof   3. \rfafrhnjf trhcd ea t`f sfmier `ig` sc`eej stubfmts

86

 

Chushj-Ceophrhtivf ^fsfhrc`. ^fsfhrc` . It is hjse dmewm hs fx pest ahcte (hatfr t`f ahct) rfsfhrc`. R`is dimb ea rfsfhrc` bfrivfs cemcjusiem areo ensfrvhtiems hmb ohmiafsthtiems t`ht hjrfhby eccurrfb im t`f phst hmb mew ceophrfb te seof bfpfmbfmt vhrihnjfs. Fxhopjf;; 8. Ia yeu hrf imtfrfstfb im `ew wfig`t imajufmcfs strfss-cepimg jfvfj ea Fxhopjf hbujts. Sunkfct weujb nf sfphrhtfb ny greups (umbfrwfig`t, merohj wfig`t, evfrwfig`t) hmb t`fir strfss-cepimg jfvfjs ofhsurfb. Wfig`t is h prffxistimg c`hrhctfristic c`hrhctfristic t`ht ohdfs it hm fx pest ahcte bfsigm. >. Yeu whmt te dmew w`y t`f pfepjf im \hg-hsh `hs `ig`fr ea imcibfmts ea chmcfr t`hm its mfig`nerimg tewm (chmcfr chsfs hrf t`f prf-fxistimg ahct t`ht ohdfs it fx pest ahcte) 3. R`f imcrfhsf ea ahthj vf`icujhr hccibfmts im h tewm (vf`icujhr hccibfmt is t`f prf-fxistimg ahct t`ht ohdfs it fx pest ahcte)

Fxpfriofmthj ^fsfhrc`.  ^fsfhrc`.  R`is rfsfhrc` utijizfs scifmtiaic oft`eb te tfst chusf-hmb-faafct rfjhtiems`ips umbfr cembitiems cemtrejjfb ny t`f rfsfhrc`fr. Im t`is chsf hm faaert is ohbf te bftfroimf hmb iopesf cemtrej evfr hjj et`fr vhrihnjfs fxcfpt emf.

Fxhopjf;; 8. H tfhc`fr weujb jidf te dmew ia h mfw tfhc`img strhtfgy is faafctivf er Fxhopjf met se `f/s`f tfhc`fs emf sfctiem usimg t`f mfw strhtfgy hmb tfhc`fs hmet`fr ceophrhnjf sfctiem wit`eut t`f mfw strhtfgy, t`fm hm hc`ifvfofmt tfst whs givfm te t`f twe sfctiems. R`f ohmipujhtfb imbfpfmbfmt vhrihnjf vhrihnjf is t`f mfw tfhc`img strhtfgy hmb hjj et`fr vhrihnjfs hrf cemtrejjfb ny t`f tfhc`fr. >. Hm hgricujturist whmts te dmew w`ic` is oerf faafctivf, erghmic afrtijizfr er symt`ftic imerghmic afrtijizfr im swfft pethte creps. 3. H bifticihm whmts te rfceoofmb hophjhyh icf crfho te `is phtifmts. @f whmts te dmew `ew ouc` rhtie ea hophjhyh hmb oijd weujb nf hccfpthnjf te t`f thstf ea `is phtifmts.

81

 

W@HR W@HR’S ’S OE^F5  OE^F5 

Birfctiems; ^fhb chrfaujjy hmb umbfrsthmb fhc` ea t`f aejjewimg scfmhries hmb ibfmtiay t`f c`hrh c`hrhctfristics, ctfristics, strfmgt` s er wfh wfhdmfssf dmfssfs s hmb t`f hppreprihtf dimb ea qu hmtithtiv f rf rfsfh sfhrc` rc` t e nf usfb usimg t` f thnjf nfjew. Scfmhrie   8; Oide 8;  Oide is cembuctimg h rfsfhrc` em `ew `fhjt`y t`f aeeb is sfrvfb burimg rfcfss im t`fir sc`eej chmtffm. Hs `f befs `is imitihj rfsfhrc`, `f aeumb eut t`ht t`f muonfr ea custeofrs weujb rfhc` hpprexiohtfjy hpprexiohtfjy >. SCFMH^IE >

3. SCFMH^IE 3

2. SCFMH^IE 2

6. SCFMH^IE 6

80

WFHDMFSSFS

DIMBS EA XVHMRIRHRIQF ^FSFH^C@

 

W@HR @HQF I JFH^MFB5

Birfctiems; Aimis` t`f sfmtfmcfs nfjew hccerbimg te `ew yeu umbfrsthmb t`f jfssem prfsfmtfb. Cepy hmb hmswfr em h sfphrhtf s`fft ea phpfr.

It is ioperthmt te nf ahoijihr wit` t`f c`hrhctfristics ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` r fsfhrc` nfchusf . . .  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU

Nfchusf I dmew t`f strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs wfhdmfssf s ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`, I chm  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU

R`f dmewjfbgf hneut t`f biaafrfmt dimbs ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` wijj guibf of im c`eesimg oy ewm rfsfhrc` bfsigm nfchusf  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU

89

 

W@HR CHM I BE5

Rfst I. I. B Birfcti irfcti ems ; Writf t`rff ((3) 3) biaa frfmt frfmt scfmhrie s/situ htiem s nhsimg are o rfh rfhjjjiaf fxpfrifmcfs w`ft`fr pfrsemhj er ensfrvfb im t`f fmviremofmt. Hmhjyzf t`f c`hrhctfristics, strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs, hmb dimbs ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` fvibfmt fvibf mt i m t`f situ htiems. C`hrhctfristics;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

Scfmhrie 8  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU

   UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

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 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU

Strfmgt`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U Wfhdmfss;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U Dimb ea Xuhjithtivf ^fsfhrc`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUU U  

Scfmhrie >  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

C`hrhctfristics;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU U

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

Strfmgt`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

Scfmhrie 3  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU

Wfhdmfss;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU Dimb ea Xuhjithtivf ^fsfhrc`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUU C`hrhctfristics;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUU

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Strfmgt`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU Wfhdmfss;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU Dimb ea Xuhjithtivf ^fsfhrc`;  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU

 

HSSFSSOFMR

Rfst I. IBFMRIA IBFMRIAICHRIEM. ICHRIEM. Birfctiem s; ^fh ^fhb b t` f sthtfof sthtfofmts mts nfjew. Givf w`ht is hsdfb. Writf yeur hmsw frs em h sfph sfphrhtf rhtf s`ff s`fftt e a p hpf hpfr. r.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU8. R`is wfhdmfss ea Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfhrc` chusfs t`f  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU8. rfsfhrc`fr te spfmb oerf fxpfmsfs im qufstiemmhirf prebuctiem buf te its jhrgf muonfr ea rfspembfmts.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU>.  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU>. R`is typf ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` is t`f oest c`hjjfmgimg ea hjj nfchusf it tfsts t`f chusf-hmb-faafct rfjhtiems`ips umbfr cembitiems cemtrejjfb ny t`f rfsfhrc`fr.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU3.  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU3. Xuhm Xuhmtithtivf tithtivf rfsfhrc` is cemsibfrfb oe oest st rfjihnjf hmb vhjib nfchusf its bhth is thdfm areo t`is c`hrhctfristic.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU2.  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU2. R`is quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` trhit, sffdimg hccurhtf ofhsurfofmt hmb hmhjysis ea jhrgf cemcfpts, net` h c`hrhctfristic hmb h strfmgt`, chmmet nf oisimtfrprftfb fhsijy.  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU6.  UUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUU6. \renhnjy t`f oest ceooem ea hjj rfsfhrc` bfsigms, t`is dimb ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc` is prfsfmt im hjoest hjj rfsfhrc` nfchusf it trifs t rifs te fxpjhim t`f mhturf, c`hrhctfristics, hmb ceopemfmts ea h p`fmeofmem. Rfst II. OVJRI\JF C@EIC C@EICF. F. Birfctiem s; ^f ^fhb hb fhc` fhc` qufstie m er sthtfof sthtfofmt. mt. W Writ rit f t`f jfttfr ea t`f cerr fct hmswfr em h sfph sfphrhtf rhtf s`ff s`fftt e a p hpf hpfr. r. 8. W`ht dimb ea rfsfhrc` usfs t`f systfohtic imvfstightiem ea t`f mhturf ea rfjhtiems`ips, er hssecihtiems nftwffm hmb hoemg vhrihnjfs wit`eut mfcfsshrijy mfcfssh rijy imvfstightimg imte chushj rfhsems umbfrjyimg t`fo5 h. Chushj-Ceophrhtivf ^fsfhrc` c. Fvhjuhtiem ^fsfhrc` n. Cerrfjhtiemhj ^fsfhrc` b. Survfy ^fsfhrc` >. W`ht dimb ea rfsfh rfsfhrc` rc` hios te hssfss t`f faafcts, faafcts, iophcts er eutceofs eutceofs ea prhcticfs, pejicifs er pregrhos5 h. Chushj-Ceophrhtivf ^fsfhrc` c. Fvhjuhtiem ^fsfhrc` n. Cerrfjhtiemhj ^fsfhrc` b. Survfy ^fsfhrc` 3. Vsimg c ceopjfx eopjfx oht`foh oht`fohtichj tichj chjcujhtiems hmb wit` t`f hib ea ceoputfrs, ia-t`fm scfmhries ohy nf aeroujhtfb t`us prfbictimg auturf rfsujts, w`ic` is emf ea t`f t `f c`hrhctfristics ea quhmtithtivf rfsfhrc`5 h. Auturf Eutceofs c. ^fpjichtiem n. Muofrichj Bhth b. Jhrgf Shopjf Sizfs 2. W`ht c`hrhctfris c`hrhctfristic tic ea quhmtithtivf rfsfh rfsfhrc` rc` ohdfs it h oerf vh vhjib jib stuby hs it prfsfmts its bhth im t`f aero ea muonfrs hmb sthtistics, erghmizfb im c`hrts, thnjfs, hmb t`f jidf5 h. Auturf Eutceofs n. Muofrichj Bhth

c. ^fpjichtiem b. Jhrgf Shopjf Sizfs >8

 

6. Hmhjyzimg bhth iis s UUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUU nfchusf it us usfs fs sthtistichjjy vhjib rhmbeo oebfjs hs it ght`frs its bhth. h. quicd hmb biaaicujt c. quicd hmb fhsy n. Sjew hmb fhsy b. sjew hmb biaaicujt 1. W`ic` e eaa t`f aejjewimg NFSR bfaimfs quhmtithtivf rf rfsfhrc`5 sfhrc`5 h. It is hm hctivity ea prebucimg e err previmg h t`ferfo. n. It is hm hctivity cemcfrmfb wit` aimbimg mfw trut`s im fbuchtiem. c. It is hm fxpjerhtiem hs hssecihtiem secihtiem wit` jinrhrifs, needs needs,, hmb keurmhjs. b. It is h systfohtic precfss aer en enthimimg thimimg muofrichj imaerohtiem hneut t`f w werjb. erjb. is‟5   7. W`ic` rfsfhrc` bfsigm sffds te bfscrinf ‚w`ht is‟5  h. Cerrfjhtiemhj ^fsfhrc` c. Fxpfriofmthj ^fsfhrc` n. Bfscriptivf ^fsfhrc` b. Fvhjuhtiem ^fsfhrc` 0. Im t`is typf ea rfsfhrc`, t`f imv imvfstighter fstighter trifs te prenf t`f s sigmiaichmcf igmiaichmcf ea rfjhtiems`ip nftwffm twe er oerf ahcters er c`hrhctfristics c`hrhctfristics.. h. Cerrfjhtiemhj ^fsfhrc` c. Fxpfriofmthj ^fsfhrc` n. Bfscriptivf ^fsfhrc` b. Fvhjuhtiem ^fsfhrc` 9. It is mff mffbfb bfb te hrrivf ht h oerf rfjihnjf bhth hmhjy hmhjysis. sis. h. Enkfctivf c. ^fpjichtiem n. Muofrichj Bhth b. Jhrgf Shopjf Sizfs 8>

 

HBBIRIEMHJ HCRIQIRIFS

Rfst I. Birfctiems; Ibfmtiay ht jfhst t`rff strfmgt`s hmb wfhdmfssfs t`ht is mfcfsshry te ioprevf yeursfja pfrsemhjjy, preafssiemhjjy, hmb foetiemhjjy fspfcihjjy fspf cihjjy im t`i s tiof ea phmbf phmbfoic. oic. R`f airst emf is bemf aer yeu. Writf it im h sfphrhtf sfphrh tf s` ff fftt ea phpfr. SR^FMGR@S 8. ^ibimg h oetercycjf wfjj

OY SR^FMGR@S HMB WFHDMFSSFS WHYS EA WFHDMFSSFS WHYS EA VSIMG EQF^CEOIMG 8. Chmmet fhsijy 8. \rhcticf rfhbimg wit` 8. Brivimg oy ceoprf`fmb h tfxt ceoprf`fmsiem ceoprf`fmsi em ny sinjimgs te hsdimg `fjp areo h sc`eej hmb sinjimg nhcd `eof

Rfst II. Birfctiems; Ia yeu wijj ge nhcd te t`f phrt W`ht’s Mfw5 Mfw5,, nhsimg nhsimg em yeur tep prierity cemcfrm er prenjfo, ceopjftf t`f imaerohtiem nfjew. Writf it em h sfphrhtf sfphrh tf s` ff fftt ea phpfr.

SEJVRIEMS  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUU

C@ JJFMGFS

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

RIOF A^ OF

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

^FSEV^CFS MFFBFB  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

^FS\EMBFMRS

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUU UUUU  

\^ENJFO

 UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUU  UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU  UUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUUUUUUUUU UUUUU

>3

 

HMSWF^ DFYS

W@HR I DMEW RFSR I  I 

>. F 3. H 2. J 6. M 1. N 7. B 0. G 9. @ 8.   3.   2. ☻  6.  

RFSR II  II 

RFSR III  III 

H. N. N.   C. B. B.   F.

W@HR’S IM5  IM5  RFSR I  I  Xuhjithtivf   Xuhjithtivf 8. Sunkfctivf >. @ejistic 3. Imbuctivf 2. Fxpjerhtery 6. Qfrnhj 1.\urpesivf Shopjimg 7.@ypet`fsfs hrf gfmfrhtfb 0.Mem-structurfb Bhth

Xuhmtithtivf 8. Enkfctivf >. \hrticujhristic 3. Bfbuctivf 2. Cemcjusivf 6. Ofhsurhnjf 1. ^hmbeo Shopjimg 7. @ypet`fsfs hrf tfstfb 0. Structurfb Bhth Ght`frimg Oft`ebs 9. ^fsujt-erifmtfb 8. SCFMH^IE >

^F\JICHNIJIRY

SR^FMGR@S

WFHDMFSSFS

\revibfs fstiohtfs ea pepujhtiem ht jhrgf.

It ohy nf tiof cemsuoimg cemsibfrimg h jhrgf shopjf. Sthtistichj ceoputhtiems hrf ceopjfx aer seof.

\revibfs rfsujts w`ic` ceujb nf cembfmsfb te

DIMBS EA XVHMRIRHRIQF ^FSFH^C@

BFSC^I\RIQF

CE^^FJHRIEMHJ 

sthtistics. 3. SCFMH^IE 3 CJFH^JY BFAIMFB ^FSFH^C@ XVFSRIEMS SR^VCRV^FB ^FSFH^C@ IMSR^VOFMRS

Ofhsurfs t`f jfvfj ea eccurrfmcf, hctiems, trfmbs ftc.

It ohy nf tiof cemsuoimg cemsibfrimg h jhrgf shopjf

\revibfs fstiohtfs ea pepujhtiem ht jhrgf   jhrgf

It is cestjy.

FQHJVHRIEM

2. SCFMH^IE 2 AVRV^F EVRCEOFS

It is enkfctivf. enkfctivf.

It is cestjy.

FP\F^IOFMRHJ  

R`f usf ea sthtistichj tfc`miqufs ahcijithtfs sep`istichtfb hmhjysfs.

Ia met bemf sfrieusjy, t`f bhth ohy nf imceopjftf hmb imhccurhtf

SV^QFY

6. SCFMH^IE 6 CJFH^JY BFAIMFB ^FSFH^C@ XVFSRIEMS

>6

 

W@HR @HQF I JFH^MFB5  HMSWF^S OHY OH Y QH^Y   W@HR CHM I BE5  HMSWF^S OHY OH Y QH^Y  

 HSSFSSOFMR RFSR I

8. CESRJY >. FP\F^IOFMRHJ ^FSFH^C@ 3. JH^GF SHO\JF SI[FS 2. ENKFCRIQF 6. BFSC^I\RIQF ^FSFSFH^C@

RFSR II

8. N >. C 3. H 2. N 6. C 1. B 7. N 0. B 9. H 81

 

^fafrfmcfs Needs

Fst`fr, Nhrhcfres. \rhctichj ^fsfhrc` >. Xufzem City; ^fx Needsterf, Imc, >; Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfhrc` . Xufzem City; Jeriohr \unjis`img, >; Xuhmtithtivf ^fsfhrc`. Imtrhoures Ohmijh; Oimbs`hpfrs Ce., Imc., >66-120