Shorthand English Pitman Dictionary PDF

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DICTIONARY

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ENGLISH AND SHORTHAND DICTIONARY

Ex C. K.

Libris

OGDEN"

PITMAN'S

ENGLISH AND SHORTHAND DICTIONARY BASED ON THE ORIGINAL WORK OF SIR ISAAC PITMAN WITH LISTS OF PROPER NAMES, GRAMMALOGUES AND CONTRACTIONS, AND AN ANALYTICAL INTRODUCTION ON THE FORMATION OF SHORTHAND .

OUTLINES THE DEFINITIONS BY

ARTHUR REYNOLDS,

M.A., Oxon.

CENTENARY EDITION

^ LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD.,

t

AMEN CORNER,

BATH: PHONETIC INSTITUTE

MELBOURNE: THE RIALTO, COLLINS STREET NEW YORK: 2 WEST 45TH STREET TORONTO, CANADA The Commercial Text Book

Co.

OR

The Copp, Clark

Co., Ltd.

E.C.4

Printed by Sir Isaac Pitman Sons, Ltd., London, Bath,

&

Melbourne and New York

UNIVEP.r^^TY

Re-f

'^'"^

IN

response to a

OF CALTFOR

SANTA BARBARA

^

PREFACE. demand

Shorthand Dictionary,

it

often expressed

by

users of

the

was decided to add to the words

contained their ordinary meanings, with occasional notes concerning their origins. It was, in fact, impossible to resist the argument that it is vastly more convenient to use one book of reference than to have to use two, and accordingly the task of making the dictionary complete and self-contained was attempted, and has, it is hoped, been accompUshed to the edification of those who may refer to it. In order to keep the volume within reasonable hmits, a great degree of economy had to be practised. Words have a tendency, the result of their handling sometimes by ordinary folk and sometimes by writers, to pass from their primary and obvious meanings to metaphorical senses. Only in a large and comprehensive dictionary would it be possible to follow every word into a variety of usages, and here this has been done sparingly; for, given one or two of its meanings, anyone meeting a word in a connection different from its natural setting would at once perceive that metaphor had been at work upon it, and be able to see how it had acquired this further meaning. It is very tempting klso to trace words to their earliest discoverable source, but again that process would result in extending the bulk as well as the scope of the present book. Its purpose is to furnish the writer of shorthand with a ready means of finding the common and regular signification of each word the shorthand outline of which he requires to learn. What such a student needs for his purpose is the immediate and obvious rather than the recondite. Into the making of an English Dictionary Dr. Johnson introduced a delightful feature, the illustration of the meanings and usages of words by means of literary passages in which they occur. In a particular context, and especially when placed there by one of the makers of literature, a word is invested with a new life and power, and it needs the quotation for the lexicographer adequately to convey the acquired meaning. To attempt this here was also out of the question, and the modest rdle assumed confines the /ambition of this Dictionary within the Umit of a desire to explain simply and usefully the words of the vocabulary. Subject, therefore, to these restrictions, the work is submitted to the pubUc of shorthand writers and students, in the hope and with the intention that it may be a real help to them. it

A. R.

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CONTENTS.

PREFACE

...... .....

INTRODUCTION

INDEX TO INTRODUCTION

xlvii

SHORTHAND OUTLINES AND DEFINITIONS

.....

GRAMMALOGUES, ALPHABETICAL

LIST OF

CONTRACTIONS, ALPHABETICAL LIST OF

Vii

V ix xl

.

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS USED

PROPER NAMES

PAGE

1

741

778 781

—

INTRODUCTION. THEtheobject words

of the present work is to furnish standard forms for of the EngUsh language, written in accordance with the rules of Pitman's Shorthand (Centenary Edition). Every writer of the system is aware that the use of the many regularized abbreviating devices which results in brief and facile outUnes being obtained for the

great majority of words without the help of any arbitrary abbreviation, also involves, in many instances, a choice between two or more possible forms, and the Shorthand Dictionary provides those outlines which experience has shown can be recommended for general adoption. Hence the importance and utility of the work as a book of reference for teachers, students, and practitioners.

A considerable number of words have been added, including some new words while, on the other hand, many words now obsolete have been excluded. ;

Every effort has been made to render the present edition of the Dictionary reliable and consistent in regard to pronunciation and the selection of the shorthand forms. There will, no doubt, be differences of opinion with regard to the outlines for certain words, since a form which is the most convenient to one writer is not invariably so to another writer. It is strongly recommended, however, that the closest possible adherence to Dictionary outlines be observed, since they have been decided upon as the result of experience and the most careful thought. No outline, therefore, should be rejected in favour of another until an attempt has been made to ascertain whether there is not some special reason for its adoption. It is obvious that uniformity of outline is especially helpful in the case of writers who have to read or transcribe each other's notes.

Changes as regards Pronunciation.

With

respect to pronunciation, this has been carefully checked throughout, A New English Dictionary, edited by Sir James A. H. Murray, LL.D., being taken as the authority in practically all cases, so far as that work is available.

The

principal changes, so far as vowel-sounds are concerned, consist

of the substitution of (a)

ah for d in such words as bar, harm, embark.

There

are, of course,

many words ix

in

which the vowel a before

r

has

INTRODUCTION

X a short sound;

e.g.,

'

[/' tarry (adjective) with (b)

aw

for

\;

\

\:

globular,

n

Compare

pillar.

l^' tarry (verb).

ah in such words as tawnt, launch, saunter.

u for 6 when occurring medially in unaccented syllables e.g., in custom, mason, I^ondon, monopoly, gallop. A long vowel tends to become short when it is unaccented, and in some words, such as proclaim, biograph, the vowels o and u are In others, however, e.g., flotation, practically indistinguishable. nobility, the vowel is unmistakably o although unaccented. (c)

;

e for a in such words as accurate, breakage, palace, chieftam, whenever the former represents the true pronunciation. Here again, the long vowel tends to become short when it is (d)

i.e.,

Compare r lace with n/ unaccented. however, including all verbs ending in although

with (e) (/)

1^ i t

may

it

In some cases,

palace. -ate,

the

vowel a

Compare vision).

Vocalization of

(4)

or to words like

Vowel occurring on same

Third-place

(3)

AS shun Hook.

Compound Words,

wringer.

of

of

Text-book Rules.

from the simplification

new

of existing rules in the text-books are as

follows

As regards Vocalization

A.

(1) Second-place short vowels occurring between two strokes are now placed after the first stroke in the same way as second-place long

vowels

thus,

;

(2)

mental.

r

The diphthong

l

always written in the

is

diphthong ow in the third-place

words

also in

like /'\^ radii

The diphthong u

(3)

or

V/ ^

thus,

f

as

(up),

is

/"^

first-place,

and the

time, v._p ounce, except

—J^w

ignite,

owl

tf

and 7'^ Ohio.

now

joined finally after

rescue,

\—^ argue,

— —

^—> mew,

,

/^

,

^-v,

imbue,

value.

(4)

The form

instead of

"^

of the diphthong oi has 43een slightly modified, thus, in order to differentiate this sign from those of the

,

now known as " diphones," separately -sounded vowels.

series,

(5)

why

V—

few cases when joined, as in -—v nigh,

in a

/^.

;

;

The

sign

l

which always represent two

has been discarded, except as the logogram for

hence the outlines