Sesiones DPCC 2°

 

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF   Í V@H IF @N QFQEÑB

AHMZF FBAENQ AHB_E_F U

F` ahbsumh if `n ahmein agntnrrn ahmh nsubth pôk`eah NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ If`ekfrn shkrf nsubths Nrlumfbtn su phseaeñb n pnrter if ubn veseñb if kefbfstnr 

ZN[ EAEZN IFMHA[N EANMFB F pôk`eahs. FB @N KÔQ^VFIN IF@ KEFB AHMÔB

QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (96 mebuths)

Ebeaeh ( >: mebuths) 

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lfbfrn`, mîs n``î if prfofrfbaens f ebtfrfsfs pfrshbn`fs. Fmetf ubn hpebeñb arítean shkrf f` aump`emefbth if `ns oubaehbfs if` lhkefrbh `han` y if` lhkefrbh rflehbn`.

F` ihafbtf prhpeaen prhpeaen ubn rf`naeñb nlrnink`f ahb `hs fstuienbtfs, `uflh ahmubean quf f` prhpñseth if fstn sfseñb fs nprfbifr n nbn`eznr ub nsubth pôk`eah, n nrlumfbtnr su phseaeñb orfbtf n fstn prhk`fmîtean y fmeter ubn hpebeñb arítean shkrf f` aump`emefbth if `ns oubaehbfs if n`lubns ebstetuaehbfs if` Fstnih. @uflh f` ihafbtf peif n `hs fstuienbtfs hksfrvnr `ns seluefbtfs emîlfbfs4

Emîlfbfs rfaupfrnins if4 gttp4//www.dunrfzbhteaens.ahm/wp-ahbtfbt/up`hnis/;:>6/:1/ahmein-agntnrrn.dpl gttps4//ahmubfs`ulnrfs.oe`fs.whriprfss.ahm/;:>;/:?/trnoeahX96:X115.dpl gttp4//aif.;.trhmf.pf/emn/:/>/:/:/;/>::;?76.dpl

@uflh, sh`eaetn quf rfsphbinb n `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸^uå setunaehbfs prfsfbtnb fsns emîlfbfs8 ¸Qf trntn if nsubths quf ifkfb ebtfrfsnr n thihs8 ¸Z ¸Zhr hr quå8 ¸^uå ebstetuaehbfs if` Fstnih fstnrîb ebvh`uarnins8 Ifsnrrh``h (1: mebuths) F` ihafbtf fxp`ean quf fb bufstrn shaefini fxestfb iestebtns setunaehbfs quf nofatnb n thihs h n ubn pnrtf if `n shaefini, y ahmfbtn nafran if `n emphrtnbaen if ``fvnr`hs n` nbî`eses f eifbteoeanr `hs mfanbesmhs if pnrteaepnaeñb pnrn supfrnr`hs. F` ihafbtf hrlnbezn n `hs fstuienbtfs fb fquephs if trnkndh y peif `ffr `n seluefbtf bhteaen4 n`frtn fb `hs ah`flehs4 Ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs quehsahs (_fr nbfxh >). F` ihafbtf hrefbtn pnrn quf `n premfrn `faturn sf rfn`eaf if ohrmn ebieveiun` y np`eanbih fstrntflens if nprfbiezndf ahmh f` sukrnynih y sume``nih. 

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Aefrrf (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf rfn`ezn `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸N queåbfs nofatn f` ahbsumh if `n ahmein agntnrrn8 ¸Auî`fs shb `ns ahbsfaufbaens if su ahbsumh8 ¸Auî` fs tu rh` orfbtf n fstf prhk`fmn8 @uflh ebvetn n `hs fstuienbtfs n pnrteaepnr inbih n ahbhafr sus hpebehbfs. Ebeaeh (6 mebuths)

QFLVBIN GH[N ( 96 mebuths)

 

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F` ihafbtf rfn`ezn `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸^uå ebstetuaehbfs if` Fstnih shb `hs rfsphbsnk`fs pnrn sh`uaehbnr prhk`fmns if anrîatfr pôk`eah8 y ¸Añmh pnrteaepnríns pnrn sh`uaehbnr ub prhk`fmn prhk`fmn if anrîatfr pôk`eah fb tu fsauf`n8 @`uven if eifns phr pnrtf if `hs fstuienbtfs.

Ifsnrrh``h (16 mebuths) F` ihafbtf f`nkhrn tnrdftns ahb ieofrfbtfs pn`nkrns, phr fdfmp`h4 

Mnbznbn 

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Mnbinrebn

Z`îtnbh

@faguln

Yhmntf

@uflh f` ihafbtf rfahrtn `ns tnrdf tnrdftns tns ahmh pefzns if rhmpfankf rhmpfankfzns zns y `n ahmkebn pnrn fbtrflnr`n fbtrflnr`nss n `hs fstuienbtfs fstui enbtfs. If fstn mnbfr mnbfrnn sf ohrmn ohrmnrîb rîb 6 fquephs if trnkndh. Anin lruph mnbtfb mnbtfbirî irî f` bhmkrf if `ns tnrdftns quf. ohrmnrhb. F` ihafbtf ebiean quf `hs bhmkrfs if `hs fquephs ohrmnb pnrtf if `hs n`emfbths sn`uink`fs. F` ihafbtf prhafif n fbtrflnr `n oeagn ‐Nbn`eznmhs `n bhteaen” (Nbfxh ;). @hs fstuienbtfs ahmp`ftnb `n oeagn if ohrmn lrupn` y shaen`eznb `ns rfspufstns n `n quf nrreknrhb.

Aefrrf (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf na`nrn n`lubhs tårmebhs y rfo`fxehbn rfo`fxehbn dubth ahb `hs fstuienbtfs shkrf `n bhteaen nbn`eznin. @uflh rfn`ezn `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸Añmh nofatn `n ahmein agntnrrn fb tu sn`ui8 ¸Zhr quå f` ahbsumh if `n ahmein agntnrrn fs ub nsubth pôk`eah8 ¸^uå ebstetuaehbfs if` Fstnih ifkfb ebvh`uarnrsf pnrn sh`uaehbnr fstn prhk`fmîtean8   N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN F`nkhrn ubn `estn if aebah prhk`fmns quf sf prfsfbtfb fb tu nu`n h fsauf`n. Ebinln quf nuthreinifs shb `ns rfsphbsnk`fs if vf`nr phr `n vfbtn if prhiuaths sn`uink`fs fb `ns fsauf`ns y fsarekf ubn hpebeñb shkrf se `h fstîb gnaefbih kefb h bh. MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ ZN[N F@ FQ VIENB F MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>;). Yfxth fsah`nr ;º lrnih if Fiuanaeñb Qfaubinren. ZN[N F@ IHAFB F MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1n). [utns if` nprfbiezndf Ahbvever, pnrteaepnr y if`ekfrnr pnrn fdfrafr ubn aeuininbín ifmharîtean f ebtfrau`turn`. Onsaíau`h lfbfrn`. Vb nprfbiezndf oubinmfbtn` fb `n fsauf`n quf qufrfmhs. 

@emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1k). [utns if` nprfbiezndf. ¸^uå y añmh nprfbifb bufstrhs nih`fsafbtfs8  Onsaíau`h >. Fdfraf p`fbnmfbtf su aeuininbín. _E aea`h. @emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). [M ‑ >55 - ;:>64 Ahbsu`tn4 ;: if ofkrfrh if ;:>?. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). Mñiu`h if Natun`eznaeñb Ieiîatean if `n Aeuininbín. Znrteaepnaeñb pnrn `n aeuininbín. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren. MEBEQY MEB EQYF[E F[EH H IF FIV FIVANA ANAEÑB EÑB (;: (;:>6) >6).. Mñi Mñiu`h u`h if Nat Natun` un`ezn eznaeñb aeñb Iei Ieiîat îatean ean if `n Aeu Aeuini ininbí nbín. n. Ahb Ahbvevf vevfbaen baen Ifmharîtean y Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren Nbfxh >4 bhteaen >4 bhteaen shkrf n`frtn fb `hs ah`flehs4 Ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs quehsahs N`frtn fb `hs ah`flehs4 Ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs quehsahs Ahmfr snbh fs, seb iuin, f` anmebh gnaen ubn kufbn sn`ui. Vbn n`emfbtnaeñb kn`nbafnin bh sh`h fs emphrtnbtf pnrn mnbtfbfrsf fb ohrmn sebh tnmkeåb pnrn fvetnr aefrtns fbofrmfinifs hrelebnins phr  ubn mn`n butreaeñb . butreaeñb . U se fstn prîatean ’quf ifkfrín au`tevnrsf ahmh ub gîketh’ gîketh’ `n trns`ninm trns`ninmhs hs n `hs ah`flehs, ah`flehs, fstnrínmhs fstnrínmhs rfiuaefbi rfiuaefbihh ahbseifrnk`fmfbtff `hs íbieafs if hkfseini fb beþhs y nih`fsafbtfs. ahbseifrnk`fmfbt @hs pfrunbhs `ffb phah `ns ftequftns if `hs prhiuaths n`emfbteaehs, bh gnafb ansh nphr `ns`hnivfrtfbaens if `hs fspfaen`estns y sf ifdnb ``fvnr  anse sefmprf quf ieaf `n puk`eaeini.

 

^VEHQAHQ BH NB QNB HQ @hlrnr quf `hs ageahs tfblnb ubn n`emfbtnaeñb sn`uink`f iurnbtf f` pfríhih if a`nsfs fs thih ub ifsnoíh. Muaghs pnsnb anse thih f` iín fb f` ah`fleh. ah`fleh. U ahmfb fb f` quehsah h vnaínb `n `hbagfrn `hbagfrn quf ``fvnb ifsif ansn ansn.. Htrhs, Htrhs, se kefb vnb phr mfbhs mfbhs tefmph, aufbtnb ahb ghrnrehs ahmp`eanihs pnrn n`mhrznr h mfrfbinr fbtrf `ns nateveinifs if` ah`fleh y `ns fxtrnaurreau`nrfs (ebl`ås, bntnaeñb, kîsquft, luetnrrn, fbtrf htrns). Fb f` Zfrô, fbtrf f` >6% y f` >7% if beþhs ’sflôb aeorns puk`eanins phr Fssn`ui’ pnifafb if shkrfpfsh u hkfseini, mn` quf nofatn, shkrf thih, n `hs pfqufþhs if fbtrf ? y 5 nþhs. Vbn setunaeñb quf sf nlrnvn ahb f` tefmph phrquf `ns onme`ens bh fstemu`nb gîkeths if vein sn`uink`fs, rfiuafb su fspfrnbzn if vein fb iefz nþhs y ahrrfb f` refslh if ifsnrrh``nr ienkftfs (teph EE), fbofrmfinifs rfspernthrens y if` ahrnzñb, gepfrtfbseñb nrtfren`, aîbafr, fbtrf htrns. ¸IÑBIF FQ Î F@ Z[HK@FMN8 Fb `hs mn`hs gîkeths. Qnkfmhs ahb sflureini quf `ns mîquebns fxpfbifihrns fb n`lubhs ah`flehs onae`etnb quf `hs beþhs ahbsumnb ahmein agntnrrn. Fb htrhs, `hs quehsahs horfafb n`emfbths quf phirínb sfr ftequftnihs ahmh ahmein agntnrrn. Zhah sf fstemu`n f` ahbsumh if orutns h vfriurns. Znrn muaghs, `n `hbagfrn fsah`nr sf rfiuaf n ubn prhpebn pnrn quf f` beþh sf ahmprf `h quf sf `f nbthdf fb f` quehsah4 ub rforfsah h ubn lnsfhsn, knrrns if aghah`ntf, ln``ftns sn`nins h iu`afs y `n ebon`tnk`f kh`sn if pnpns oretns. @n `hbagfrn fs pnrtf if `n n`emfbtnaeñb if` iín, su oubaeñb fs ahmp`fmfbtnr `ns ahmeins prebaepn`fs (ifsnyubh, n`mufrzh y afbn) seb sustetuer`ns h ifsp`nznr`ns, pnrn aukrer `ns bfafseinifs if butrefbtfs y fbfrlín. Zhr f``h fs bfafsnreh quf sf rfstrebdn `n vfbtn if ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs ah`flehs ’pôk`eahs y prevnihs’, sf prhmufvn f` ahbsumh if vfriurns y orutns fbtrf `hs fsah`nrfs, sf ebafbtevf `n prîatean if` ifphrtf y, shkrf thih, sf fiuquf n `hs pnirfs if onme`en pnrn quf ahbtrekuynb n mfdhrnr f` rfbiemefbth ebtf`fatun` if sus gedhs. Oufbtf4 Bhteaen ninptnin (;< if mnrzh if ;:>:). N`frtn fb `hs ah`flehs4 Ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs quehsahs. F` Ahmfraeh. [faupfrnih if gttp4//f`ahmfraeh.pf/`emn gttp4//f`ahmfraeh.pf/`emn/suafshs/n`frtn-ah`flehs-ahme /suafshs/n`frtn-ah`flehs-ahmein-agntnrrn-quehsahs-bhteaen-96;?6).. [faupfrnih if gttp4//rfaurshs.pfrufiuan.pf/rutns/ihaumfbths/Zremnren/Qfsehbfs/Vbeini:9/^uebthLrnih/ebtflrnihs/6L-V9Qfsehb;:.pio 

 

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF Í V@H IF @N QF QFQEÑB QEÑB

AHMZF FBAENQ AHB_E_F U

Zrehreznbih ub nsubth pôk`eah fb me fsauf`n NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ If`ekfrn shkrf nsubths Oubi Oubinm nmfb fbtn tn `n em emph phrtrtnb nbae aenn if `n pnrt pnrteae eaepn pnae aeñb ñb if `hs `hs

ZN[ EAEZN IFMHA[N EANMFB F pôk`eahs. FB @N KÔQ^VFIN IF@ KEFB AHMÔB

fstuienbtfs fb nsubths pôk`eahs if su fsauf`n. Ien`hlnn ahb `ns hpebehbfs if sus ahmpnþ Ien`hl ahmpnþfrhs, frhs, nub aunbih bh fstå if naufrih ahb f``ns. Ahbstruyf ahbsfbshs oubinihs fb nrlumfbths rnzhbnihs quf nphrtnb n` kefb ahmôb. QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (96 mebuths)

Ebeaeh ( >: mebuths) F` ihafbtf sn`uin n `hs fstuienbtfs y lfbfrn f` a`emn prhpeaeh pnrn ebeaenr `n sfseñb, if fstn mnbfrn sf prhiuaf f` víbau`h ahb f``hs. @uflh f` ihafbtf ahmubean quf f` prhpñseth if fstn sfseñb fs nprfbifr n eifbte eifbteoeanr oeanr `hs nsubths pôk`eahs quf sf prfsfbtnb fb su fsauf`n y prehreznr ubh if f``hs.  

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N ahbtebunaeñb f` ihafbtf prfsfbtn f` seluefbtf ansh4 ¸Zhr quå mf mn`trntnb8

Uh bnaí fb `n ahmube ahmubeini ini if Zutes, Gunbtn (Nynaua (Nynauagh), gh), mes pnirf pnirfss ifaeief ifaeiefrhb rhb trns`ninr trns`ninrsf sf n @emn ihbif ubhs pnrefbtfs if me nkuf`h tfbínb ubn ansn lrnbif fb Ahmns. Ahmns. N me gfrmnbh y n mí bhs mntr mntreau`nrhb eau`nrhb fb ub ah`fleh bnaehbn` bnaehb n` afranbh n `n ansn. @hs ageahs sf kur`nk kur`nknb nb if bhshtrhs phr bufstr bufstrnn ohrmn if gnk`nr y, nubquf frnb muy pnrfaeihs n bhshtrhs, bhs ifaínb ‐sfrrnbhs”. Fb f` sn`ñb if me gfrmnbh fstuienknb fstuienknb vnrehs gedhs if ph`eaíns ph`eaíns y bh ifdnkn ifdnknbb if ghstelnrb ghstelnrbhs. hs. Yfbín Yfbínmhs mhs tfmhr  gnst gnstnn if er n` knþ knþhh phrq phrquf uf bhs gnkí gnkínb nb nmfb nmfbnz nzni nihh ahb ahb pfln pflnrb rbhs hs.. Bhs Bhs sfbt sfbtín ínmh mhss mu muyy trtrest estfs fs.. Bh ahmprfbiínmhs ¸Zhr quå ifkínmhs shphrtnr shphrtnr fsf mn`trnth8 Fstîknmhs ahboushs bh snkínmhs añmh anmkenr  `n setunaeñb. Ninptnih if` `ekrh if ;ºif sfaubinren (Mebestfreh if Fiuanaeñb ;:>;, p. ;7). 

@uflh f` ihafbtf rfn`ezn `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸Zhr quå sf prhiuaf fstf gfagh8 ¸Vbn setunaeñb seme`nr  sf gn prfsfbtnih fb tu nu`n h fsauf`n8 ¸Fstn setunaeñb phirín ahbseifrnsf ub nsubth pôk`eah8 ¸Zhr quå8

Ifsnrrh``h (1: mebuths) F` ihafbtf ohrmn fquephs if trnkndh phr ahbtfh if` > n` 6. @uflh `hs fstuienbtfs prfsfbtnrîb fb sus rfspfatevhs fquephs `n `estn ahb `hs aebah prhk`fmns iftfatnihs fb su nu`n y fsauf`n. N` ebtfrehr if anin fqueph if trnkndh, prehreznrîb ub prhk`fmn quf mîs `fs nofatf (Fdfmp`h4 Ku``yebl, sfrveaehs geleåbeahs suaehs, vfbtn if ahmein agntnrrn fb `hs quehsahs, mn`trnth phr pnrtf if n`lubhs ihafbtfs, fbtrf htrhs) y quf pufin sfr sh`uaehbnih phr f``hs (venk`f). @uflh if `n if`ekfrnaeñb y f` ieî`hlh if hpebehbfs hpufstns y phr naufrih if` fqueph if trnkndh sf ahbstruyfb ahbsfbshs oubinmfbtnihs y sf prehrezn f` prhk`fmn n trntnr phr f` fqueph. F` ihafbtf mhbethrfn pfrmnbfbtfmf pfrmnbfbtfmfbtf btf f` trnkn trnkndh dh if `hs fstuie fstuienbtfs, nbtfs, nsfshrn nsfshrnbih bih fb `ns ieoeau`tn ieoeau`tnifs ifs quf tfblnb `hs lruphs y hksfrvnbih quf n` ebtfrehr if `hs fquephs f` trnth fbtrf `hs fstuienbtfs sfn if ohrmn 

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ahrien` y rfspftuhsn. Aefrrf (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf of`eaetn n `hs ebtflrnbtfs if anin fqueph, yn quf mhstrnrhb ubn pnrteaepnaeñb natevn, ahb phsturns f eifns

 

nrlumfbtnins. QFLVBIN GH[N ( 96 mebuths)

Ebeaeh (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf ebvetn n `hs fstuienbtfs n rfo`fxehbnr shkrf `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸Zhr quå fs emphrtnbtf nkhrinr `hs nsubths pôk`eahs quf sf prfsfbtnb fb `n fsauf`n8 y ¸^uå nuthreinifs if tu fsauf`n pnrteaepnrîb fb `n sh`uaeñb if` prhk`fmn8 @`uven if eifns phr pnrtf if `hs fstuienbtfs (_fr Nbfxh >) 

Ifsnrrh``h (16 mebuths) @hs fstuienbtfs pfrmnbfafb fb sus fquephs if trnkndh if `n premfrn ghrn if a`nsf.  

 

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F` ihafbtf fbtrfln n(Zhr aninfdfmp`h, fstuienbtf `n oeagn `n anznsfrveaehs if prhk`fmns” (_fr nbfxh ;), ihbifagntnrrn nbn`eznrîb f` prhk`fmn prhk` fmn prehreznih pufif sfr ‐N ku``yebl, geleåbeahs geleåbeah s suaehs, ahmein fb `hs quehsahs, mn`trnth phr pnrtf if n`lubhs ihafbtfs, fbtrf htrhs) @uflh `hs fstuienbtfs fb fquephs ifsnrrh``nb `n oeagn n trnvås if `n if`ekfrnaeñb y f` ieî`hlh pnrn inr  rfspufstn n `ns prflubtns prhpufstns. F` ihafbtf mhbethrfn f` trnkndh if `hs fquephs pnrn lnrnbteznr `n pnrteaepnaeñb natevn if thihs `hs fstuienbtfs, nsemesmh `fs rfaufrin quf `n oeagn vn nbfxnin n` ihssefr.

Aefrrf (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf of`eaetn f` trnkndh if `hs fstuienbtfs y rfsn`tn `n emphrtnbaen if` rfspfth n `ns hpebehbfs ahbtrhvfrsen`fs.   N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN >. Ebinl Ebinln4 n4 ¸^ueåb ¸^ueåbfs fs shb `ns nu nuthrei threinifs nifs u hrln hrlnbeznae beznaehbfs hbfs if `n fs fsauf`n auf`n qu quff phifmh phifmhss nauier au aunbih nbih sf pr prfsfbtn fsfbtn ub prhk`fmn if nsubth pôk`eah8 ;. Ebinl Ebinlnn shkrf f` pr prhk`fm hk`fmnn prehre prehreznih znih if` nu nu`n `n (bhte (bhteaens aens f eboh ebohrmnaeñ rmnaeñbb shkrf f` pr prhk`fmn hk`fmn pprehrez rehreznih). nih). MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ ZN[N F@ FQ VIENB F4 MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>;). Yfxth fsah`nr ;º lrnih if Fiuanaeñb Qfaubinren. ZN[N F@ IHAFB F4 MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1n). [utns if` nprfbiezndf Ahbvever, pnrteaepnr y if`ekfrnr pnrn fdfrafr ubn aeuininbín ifmharîtean f ebtfrau`turn`. Onsaíau`h lfbfrn`. Vb nprfbiezndf oubinmfbtn` fb `n fsauf`n quf qufrfmhs. 

@emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1k). [utns if` nprfbiezndf. ¸^uå y añmh nprfbifb bufstrhs nih`fsafbtfs8  Onsaíau`h >. Fdfraf p`fbnmfbtf su aeuininbín. _E aea`h. @emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). [M ‑ >55 - ;:>64 Ahbsu`tn4 ;: if ofkrfrh if ;:>?. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). Mñiu`h if Natun`eznaeñb Ieiîatean if `n Aeuininbín. Znrteaepnaeñb pnrn `n aeuininbín. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren. MEBEQY MEB EQYF[E F[EH H y IF FIV FIVANA ANAEÑB EÑB (;: (;:>6) >6).. Mñi Mñiu`h u`h if Nat Natun` un`ezn eznaeñb aeñb Iei Ieiîat îatean ean if `n Aeu Aeuini ininbí nbín. n. Ahb Ahbvevf vevfbaen baen Ifmharîtean Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF

 

  Í V@H IF @N QFQEÑB

Qhmhs ub pnís p`ureau`turn`, mu`teau`turn` f ebtfrau`turn`

NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ AHMZF FBAENQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ AHB_E_F U Ebtfrnatôn ahb thins `ns Nbn`ezn if mnbfrn rfo`fxevn `ns prîateans au`turn`fs if su pfrshbns. pufk`h n `n `uz if `n ielbeini if `ns pfrshbns. ZN[ EAEZN IFMHA[N EANMFB F Fxp`ean añmh `n ievfrseini if `hs iestebths pufk`hs y sus FB @N KÔQ^VFIN IF@ KEFB AHMÔB au`turns fbrequfafb y ahmp`fmfbtnb bufstrn vein. QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (96 mebuths)

E. Ebeaeh (> (>: m meebuths)  @hs fstuienbtfs hksfrvnb `n prfsfbtnaeñb(Z prfsfbtnaeñb(Zrfzze) rfzze) @n p`ureau`turn`eini fb f` Zfrô gttps4//prfze.ahm/v>lirqm9tXze/`n-p`ureau`turn`eini-if`-pfru/ , , `uflh rfsphbif `n seluefbtfs prflubtns gttps4//prfze.ahm/v>lirqm9tXze/`n-p`ureau`turn`eini-if`-pfru/ ¸^uå fs `n p`ureau`turn`eini8 ¸^uå nspfaths ahmprfbif `n p`ureau`turn`eini8  N`lubhs fstuienbtfs if mnbfrn vh`ubtnren shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns. N pnrter if `n ebtfrvfbaeñb if `hs fstuienbtfs, f` ihafbtf prfaesn `n emphrtnbaen if rfahbhafr fveifbaens if `n p`ureau`turn`eini fb bufstrh pnís. EE. Ifsnrrh``h (;6 mebuths)  F` ihafbtf ohrmn sfes fquephs if trnkndhs, anin ihs fquephs `fs nselbn `hs seluefbtfs fbubaenihs4  

@n p`ureau`turn`eini fs ifsonvhrnk`f, yn quf gnaf quf `n iesaremebnaeñb numfbtf. Z`ureau`turn`eini, fs kufbn, yn quf lrnaens n f``n, gny ieofrfbtfs pubths if vestn quf shb nphrtnihs n` pnís y ahb f``h phifmhs ifsnrrh``nrbhs mîs, @n p`ureau`turn`eini fs mn`n, yn quf sf ifsnrrh``nb ieofrfbtfs ohrmns if pfbsnr quf ieveifb n` pnís, y prhvhanb f` rnaesmh y pf`fn fbtrf `ns rnzns. @hs fquephs if trnkndh ien`hlnb shkrf f` tfxth nselbnih y f`nkhrnb phr fsareth f` sustfbth quf rfspn`if ieagh fbubaenih, `uflh f` ihafbtf ebvetn n n`lubhs if `hs fquephs n sustfbtnr hrn`mfbtf f` fbubaenih. @uflh f` ihafbtf ohrmu`n n `hs fquephs `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸^uå vfbtndns y ifsvfbtndns tefbf `n p`ureau`turn`eini fb bufstrh pnís8 ¸^uå phifmhs gnafr pnrn ahbtrnrrfstnr n `n iesaremebnaeñb8 

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EEE. EEE. Ae Aefr frrf rf (> (>:: me mebu buth ths) s) If mnbfrn vh`ubtnren n`lubhs fquephs if trnkndh shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns. N pnrter if `h mnbeofstnih phr `hs fstuienbtfs, f` ihafbtf sestfmntezn `n ebohrmnaeñb n trnvås if `n eifbteoeanaeñb if eifns oufrzns, quf vn nbhtnbih fb ub fsqufmn fb `n peznrrn. QFLVBIN GH[N (96 mebuths) E. Ebe Ebeaeh aeh (:6 (:6  mebuths) @hs fstuienbtfs `ffb f` seluefbtf tfxth4

 

F` ihafbtf ohrmu`n n `hs fstuienbtfs `n seluefbtf prf prflubtn4 lubtn4 ¸Fstîs if naufrih ahb `h quf sf p`nbtfn fb f` tfxth8 Qustfbtn tu rfspufstn.   N`lub N`lubhs hs fstuienbt fstuienbtfs fs shaen`ezn shaen`eznbb sus rfspufstns y f` ihafbtf vn sestfmnteznbih sestfmnteznbih `n ebohrmnaeñb ebohrmnaeñb prfaesnb prfaesnbih ih `n emphrtnbaen if rfahbhafr `hs ifrfaghs if `hs lruphs au`turn`fs quf ahfxestfb fb ub fspnaeh. EE. Ifsnrrh``h (1:)   @hs fstuienbtfs ohrmnb 6 fquephs if trnkndh, f` ihafbtf `fs nselbn ub iftf iftfrmebnin rmebnin rfleñb ph`ítean shkrf `ns aun` ifkfrîb ebinlnr s `ns anrnatfrísteans if mu`teau`turn`eini quf prfsfbtnb fb `hs seluefbtfs nspfaths (ftbens, `fbluns, trnieaehbfs, inbzns, ofsteveinifs, lnstrhbhmín fta.), F` ihafbtf prhphraehbn n `hs fstuienbtfs `hs Nt`ns 

Haånbhebtflrnbtfs) if` Mñiu`hyiff`nkhrnb Kek`ehtfan.  (sfes ub hrlnbeznr vesun` pnrn prfsfbtnr `ns rfspufstns Qf`faaehbnin `n ebohrmnaeñb `hs fstuienbtfs `n sestfmnteznb fb ub hrlnbeznihr if ebohrmnaeñb (aunirh, fsqufmn, fta.). EEE. Ae Aeffrrf (>: mebuths) @hs fquephs ah`hanb sus trnkndhs fb ubn pnrtf vesek`f if nu`n. F` ihafbtf, ute`eznbih `n tåabean if` musfh, ebvetn n `hs fstuienbtfs n vesun`eznr `hs trnkndhs. Fb f` trnyfath sh`eaetn n`lubns ebtfrvfbaehbfs if `hs fquephs y vn rfn`eznbih rfahmfbinaehbfs y ahmfbtnrehs. Oebn`mfbtf f` ihafbtf prfaesn `n rfn`eaf fbtrf p`ureau`turn`eini y mu`teau`turn`eini, gnaefbih åbonses fb f` prhafsh if ebtfrrf`naehbfs quf sf prhiuaf fbtrf `hs lruphs gumnbhs quf gnketnb fb ub mesmh tfrrethreh.   N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN >. Mfbaeh Mfbaehbfb bfb `ns iieofrfb eofrfbaens aens y sf sfmfdnbz mfdnbzns ns fbtrf p`urea p`ureau`tur u`turn`eini n`eini,, mu`teau mu`teau`turn` `turn`eini eini y mu`te mu`teau`tur au`turn`eini n`eini ;. F`nkh F`nkhrfb rfb ub tfxt tfxthh ihbif fx fxp`equf p`equf pphr hr quå f` Zf Zfrô rô fs pnís pp`ureau `ureau`turn `turn`,`, mu`tea mu`teau`turn u`turn`` f ebtfrau ebtfrau`turn `turn`.`. MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ >. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>;). Yfxth fsah`nr ;. º lrnih if Fiuanaeñb Qfaubinren. ;. Znpf`ñ `ñllrnohs. Nbfxh Bº > Ninptnih if gttp4//uifp.fiu.pf/ghy/;:>1/pnrn-`hlrnr-` gttp4//uifp.fiu.pf/ghy/;: >1/pnrn-`hlrnr-`n-pnz-shaen`-sf-ifkf-nphstnr-phr-`n-e n-pnz-shaen`-sf-ifkf-nphstnr-phr-`n-ebtfrau`turn`eini/ btfrau`turn`eini/

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF

 

  Í V@H IF @N QFQEÑB

AHMZF FBAENQ AHBQ [VUF QV EIFB EINI  AHB_E_F U ZN[ EAEZN IFMHA[N EANMFB F FB @N KÔQ^VFIN IF@ KEFB AHMÔB

[fahbhafmhs `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n vein ahteienbn NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ Qf vn`hr vn`hrnn n sí mesmh mesmh.. [fahbh [fahbhaf af quf pfrtf pfrtfbfaf bfaf n ievfrs ievfrshs hs lruph lruphss y quf fsths ohrmnb pnrtf if su eifbteini. Ebtf Ebtfrn rnat atôn ôn ahb ahb thin thinss `ns `ns Ebtflrn seb iesaremebnr n sus ahmpnþfrhs fb `ns nateveinifs pfrshbns. quf ifsnrrh``n (trnkndhs fb lruph, duflh, ahbvfrsnaehbfs, fbtrf htrns). If`ekfrn ahbo`eaths Eifbteoean natetuifs ebstn`nins, prhpens y ndfbns quf shb pôk`eahs. oufbtf if ahbo`eath. QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (mebuths)

Ebeaeh (>6 mebuths) Zrfsfbtnaeñb if `n ubeini. F` ihafbtf ahmubean n sus fstuienbtfs4 F` títu`h if `n ubeini, `ns ahmpftfbaens y `ns anpnaeinifs quf sf ifsnrrh``nrîb fb `n ubeini ¸Fs phsek`f fbahbtrnr f`fmfbths ahmubfs fb `ns prñxemns auntrh sfmnbns. 

quf bhs eifboqufb ahmh pfrunbhs8

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@ns ifuy`nf, pfruanrnatfrísteans nbeini (prhif` iuaprhiuath4 ths quf`f murn`eba` eba`u arhbhlrnmns if rfvesehbfs, fta.). @n setunaeñb selbeoeantevn. F` ihafbtf ebvetn n `hs fstuienbtfs n vesun`eznr f` veifh >; if hatukrf - Iín if` [fspfth n `n Ievfrseini Au`turn`  (gttps4//www.yhutukf.ahm/wntag8v=k_V`L;;WOTw). F` ihafbtf prhphbf n `hs fstuienbtfs `n seluefbtfs prflubtns pnrn rfo`fxehbnr shkrf `h vesun`eznih fb f` veifh4 ¸^uå sf fbtefbif phr ievfrseini au`turn`8 ¸Añmh sf mnbeoefstn `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb bufstrh pnís8 ¸Fb quå fspnaehs afranbhs n te sf mnbeoefstn `n ievfrseini au`turn`8 

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Ifsnrrh``h (1: mebuths) @hs fstuienbtfs `ffb ebieveiun`mfbtf f` tfxth ahbtfbeih fb f` suktítu`h ‐Ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n onme`en” (Mebfiu ;:>;4 >9) np`eanbih `n tåabean if` sukrnynih pnrn eifbteoeanr `ns eifns prebaepn`fs. @uflh sf hrlnbeznb fb tîbifm y rfsphbifb `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns fb rf`naeñb n` tfxth `fíih4 ¸Auî`fs shb `ns setunaehbfs quf pfrmetfb quf `n onme`en sf ahbvefrtn fb ub fspnaeh pnrn `n ievfrseini au`turn`8 @n ievfrseini fb `n onme`en sf ¸Auî`fs shb `ns vfbtndns if `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n onme`en8 fveifbaen aunbih sus mefmkrhs N`lubhs fstuienbtfs if mnbfrn vh`ubtnren shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns n trnvås if prhvefbfs if trnieaehbfs ieî`hlhs quf prhpeaen f` ihafbtf. N pnrter if `ns ebtfrvfbaehbfs if `hs fstuienbtfs f` au`turn`fs ieofrfbtfs y aunbih sf ihafbtf sestfmntezn `n ebohrmnaeñb n trnvås if `n eifbteoeanaeñb if eifns oufrzns, prhiuafb ieofrfbaens quf vn nbhtnbih fb `n peznrrn4 lfbfrnaehbn`fs y au`turn`fs fbtrf @hs fstuienbtfs fb ohrmn ebieveiun` `ffb f` ihaumfbth ‐[fths if `n ievfrseini fb f` pnirfs f gedhs. fbthrbh onme`enr” (Mebfiu ;:>;4 >6) f eifbteoeanb `ns anrnatfrísteans if `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb f` ansh quf sf prhphbf. @uflh fb fquephs if trnkndh ahmp`ftnb f` seluefbtf aunirh. 

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@ulnr if hrelfb

Gîkeths pfrshbn`fs

Qetunaehbfs if ahbo`eath

[nmñb Nbirfn @hs fstuienbtfs sf rfôbfb fb fquephs if trnkndh pnrn rfsphbifr `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4

 

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¸Zhr quå `hs ebtfrfsfs if [nmñb y Nbirfn shb tnb ieofrfbtfs8 ¸Auî` gukefrn seih `n ifaeseñb pnrn supfrnr fstns ieoeau`tnifs8

Aefrrf (:6 mebuths) N`lubhs fquephs shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns fb f` nu`n, f` ihafbtf sestfmntezn `n ebohrmnaeñb y rfinatnb ubn ahba`useñb ahbdubtn n` rfspfath. Fb `n sestfmnteznaeñb if `n ebohrmnaeñb fs emphrtnbtf phbfr åbonses fs `hs seluefbtfs nspfaths4 @n onme`en fs ub fspnaeh if `n shaefini preve`flenih pnrn f` nprfbiezndf if `n au`turn. Fb `hs pnísfs mu`teau`turn`fs ahmh f` bufstrh, fb `ns onme`ens ahbo`uyfb ieofrfbtfs hrílfbfs au`turn`fs.

QFLVBIN GH[N ( m mebuths) ebuths) Ebeaeh (:6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf prhphbf n `hs fstuienbtfs quf rfsphbinb ¸Añmh sf mnbeoefstn `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb tu fsauf`n h nu`n8 @hs fstuienbtfs shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns fb f` nu`n, lfbfrîbihsf ub ieî`hlh shkrf `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n fsauf`n. F` ihafbtf prfaesn `n ebohrmnaeñb krebinin phr `hs n`umbhs, prfaesnbih `n emphrtnbaen if rfahbhafr `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n fsauf`n pnrn nprfbifr n ahbvever fb `ns ieofrfbaens. Ifsnrrh``h (1: mebuths) @hs fstuienbtfs `ffb ebieveiun`mfbtf f` tfxth ‐@n ievfrseini au`turn` fb `n fsauf`n ‐(Mebfiu ;:>;4 >9) y f` ihaumfbth ‐Ievfrseini y Fsauf`n” (nbfxh ;) ute`eznbih `n tåabean if` sukrnynih pnrn eifbteoeanr eifns prebaepn`fs. @hs fstuienbtfs prhafifb n np`eanr ubn fbtrfvestn n trfs ahmpnþfrhs if nu`n. F` prhpñseth fs fveifbaenr `hs f`fmfbths if ievfrseini au`turn` fb f` nu`n.

¸Iñbif bnaestf8 (Iestreth, prhvebaen y rfleñb ph`ítean). ¸Iñbif ¸Iñ bif bna bnaefr efrhb hb tus pni pnirfs rfs88 (Iestr (Iestreth eth,, prh prhveba vebaen en y rfleñb ph`ítean). ¸^uå ahstumkrfs if` `ulnr if hrelfb if tus pnirfs h nkuf nkuf`h `hss sf pr prna nateteanb anb fb tu onme onme`en `en88 (_fs (_fstetemf mfbt btn, n, oefstns, n`emfbtnaeñb, `fblun, fta.). ¸Quf`fs ute`eznr n`lubns if fstns ahstumkrfs8 [fubeihs fb tîbifm `hs fstuienbtfs ahmpnrtfb y ien`hlnb shkrf `hs rfsu`tnihs if sus fbaufstns Aefrrf (6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf ahbsh`ein `n ebohrmnaeñb, fs emphrtnbtf phbfr åbonses fs `hs seluefbtfs nspfaths4

@n fsauf`n fs ub `ulnr ihbif ahbo`uyfb vnrenins ohrmns if sfr y fbtfbifr f` mubih. @ns ieofrfbtfs trnieaehbfs fb `n fsauf`n pufifb trnfr prhk`fmns if ahmubeanaeñb y iesaremebnaeñb. @ns ieofrfbaens lfbfrnaehbn`fs fbtrf `hs mefmkrhs if `n fsauf`n hansehbnb ieofrfbaens au`turn`fs lfbfrnaehbn`fs.

N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN F`nkhrnr ub î`kum if `n ievfrseini au`turn` fb su onme`en. MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ >. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB  IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>;). Yfxth fsah`nr ;. º lrnih if Fiuanaeñb Qfaubinren. ;. 1.

Nbfxhs. Znpf`ñlrnohs.

 

NBFWH ; Ievfrseini y fsauf`n F` tårmebh ievfrseini au`turn` sf rfoefrf n `n mu`tep`eaeini if ohrmns fb quf sf fxprfsnb `ns au`turns quf ahmphbfb ubn shaefini. Fstn ievfrseini sf nprfaen tnbth fb `ns nateveinifs quf rfn`ezn anin lruph shaen` ahmh fb sus mhihs if ninptnrsf n` mfieh y `n mnbfrn if mnbeofstnr sus fstnihs if îbemh y fxprfsnr su pfbsnmefbth. @n ievfrseini au`turn` sf mnbeoefstn fb f` nu`n y fb `n ebstetuaeñb fiuantevn aunbih `hs fiuanbihs prhvefbfb if lruphs au`turn`fs au`tur n`fs ieofrfbtf ieofrfbtfs. s. F` ahmpnr ahmpnrter ter f` nu`n ahb beþhs if ieofr ieofrfbtfs fbtfs ahstumkr ahstumkrfs fs `fdhs if sfr ub mhtevh if ahbo`ea ahbo`eath th ifkf mhtevnr fb bhshtrhs natetuifs if rfspfath f ebtfrfsfs phr nprfbifr if f``hs. Zhr fdfmp`h4 n`umbhs quf vnb if` mubih rurn` n` mubih urknbh y veafvfrsn. @n ievfrseini au`turn` tnmkeåb sf fxprfsn fb anin ubn if `ns nu`ns, fstn shb ubn mufstrn if añmh `ns melrnaehbfs gnb eih iekudnbih htrh mnpn if` Zfrô4 f` mnpn if `n ievfrseini. Fb mfieh if fsn ievfrseini, seb fmknrlh, surlf ubn eifbteini bufvn, ihbif sf fmpefzn n nsumer ahmh prhpeh `h quf nbtfs sf ahbseifrnkn if` ‐htrh”. Fs ebtfrfsnbtf hksfrvnr añmh fb fsths iíns if nateveinifs phr f` Iín if `n Ebifpfbifbaen, `hs fstuienbtfs sf ubfb pnrn ebtfrprftnr inbzns if ievfrsns rflehbfs y nsumer`h ahb `n bnturn`eini quf sh`h pufif surler fb ub pnís quf fmpefzn n gnafr if `n ievfrseini ubn requfzn ahmpnrtein. Fsf sfbtemefbth if eifbteini n pnrter if mô`tep`fs eifbteinifs, bhs ``fvn n sfbterbhs gfrmnbnihs, n ahmprfbifr mfdhr quf anin ubh fs emphrtnbtf pnrn `hs ifmîs y quf `n ievfrseini bh bhs sfpnrn, bhs ubf fb ub prhafsh ahbtebuh if rfahbhafrbhs. @ns fsauf`ns ohrmnb pnrtf if fsf prhafsh, y sfbtemhs hrlu``h if quf nsí sfn.

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF Í V@H IF @N QF QFQEÑB QEÑB

 

[fahbhaefbih `hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs, sus iemfbsehbfs y su velfbaen fb `n @fles`naeñb Ebtfrbnaehbn` NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ AHMZF FBAENQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ AHB_E_F U Znrteaepn fb naaehbfs quf Fxp` Fxp`ea eann añmh añmh `hs `hs Ifr Ifrfa fagh ghss Gumn Gumnbh bhss aukr aukrfb fb vnre vnrehs hs ZN[ EAEZN prhmufvfb f` kefbfstnr anmphs4 aeve`fs, ph`íteahs, fahbñmeahs, shaen`fs y au`turn`fs. IFMHA[N EANMFB F ahmôb. FB @N KÔQ^VFIN nrlumfbths, lumfbths, inths, If`ek If `ekfr frnn shkr shkrff nsub nsubth thss F`nkhrn hpebehbfs rnzhbnins n pnrter if nr IF@ KEFB AHMÔB pôk`eahs. aretfrehs h gfaghs quf rfspn`inb su phseaeñb QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (96 mebuths)

beaeh (>: mebuths) F` ihafbtf ihafbtf sn`uin if mnbfrn nofa nofatuhsn tuhsn n `hs fstuie fstuienbtfs. nbtfs. N ahbteb ahbtebunaeñb unaeñb `fs prfsf prfsfbtn btn `n aunrtn ubein ubeinii quf ``fvn Ebtfrbnaehbn`. phr títu`h4 [fahbhaefbih `hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs, sus iemfbsehbfs y su velfbaen fb `n @fles`naeñb Ebtfrbnaehbn`. F` ihafbtf `fs mnbeoefstn quf f` ahbvever if mnbfrn ifmharîtean fb bufstrn shaefini rfquefrf if` rfspfth errfstreath if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs, phr f``h fs emphrtnbtf ebohrmnrbhs y ahbhafr `hs ihaumfbths quf `hs prhtflfb, `hs îmkeths fb quf sf ifsfbvuf`vfb f ebstnbaens quf vf`nb phr f` aump`emefbth if `hs mesmhs. Zr `h quf f` prhpñseth if `n ubeini fs quf nprfbinb n eifbteoeanr `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs, se fs quf sf aump`fb fb `n fsauf`n y ahmubeini y prhmhvfr f` aump`emefbth if `hs mesmhs. @uflh `fs ahmubean f` rfth if `n ubeini, f` aun` fs quf sf ebohrmfb y prhmufvnb ifsif su fsauf`n f` rfspfth n `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs fb ubn shaefini ifmharîtean. Nifmîs f` ihafbtf `fs fxp`ean quf f` prhiuath if `n ubeini ahbsestf fb quf ifkfb hrlnbeznrsf pnrn rfn`eznr ubn anmpnþn pnrn prhmhvfr f` rfspfth y `n ifofbsn if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs fb `n fsauf`n y ahmubeini. N ahbtebunaeñb `fs ahmubean quf f` prhpñseth if `n prfsfbtf sfseñb fs rfahbhafr y fxp`eanr nafran if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs fb `n `fles`naeñb ebtfrbnaehbn` y inr hpebehbfs if añmh sf aump`fb fb `hs ieofrfbtfs îmkeths fb `hs quf bhs ifsfbvh`vfmhs. F` ihafbtf `fs ebiean quf hksfrvfb `ns seluefbtfs emîlfbfs (_fr nbfxh >) @uflh if hksfrvnr f` ihafbtf `fs sh`eaetn n `hs fstuienbtfs quf rfsphbinb n `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸^uå setunaehbfs sf prfsfbtnb fb `ns emîlfbfs8 ¸^uå sf fstnrî ifdnbih if aump`er y/h rfspftnr8 Ifsnrrh``h (;7 mebuths) F` ihafbtf fxp`ean quf `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs shb ebgfrfbtfs n `ns pfrshbns y quf fb bufstrn shaefini `n ahbvevfbaen ifmharîtean rfquefrf if` rfspfth errfstreath if `hs ifrfaghs if `ns pfrshbns phr `h quf fs bfafsnreh quf ifsif bufstrn phseaeñb ahbhzanmhs auî`fs shb, `n `fles`naeñb y `hs îmkeths fb quf sf ifsfbvuf`vfb. F` ihafbtf hrlnbezn n `hs fstuienbtfs fb fquephs, `fs rfaufrin tfbfr fb aufbtn `ns bhrmns if ahbvevfbaen pnrn phifr trnkndn trnkndnrr fb `n sf sfseñb señb y `fs peif `ff `ffrr f` tfxth4 ¸¸UU se elb elbhrnb hrnb mes iifrfag frfaghs8 hs8 (Zîl. >>::, ::, tfx tfxth th if Ohrmn Ohrmnaeñb aeñb Aeuininbn y Aívean ;º ) F` ihafbtf `hs hrefbtn pnrn quf `n premfrn `faturn `n gnlnb if mnbfrn ebieveiun` y se`fbaehsn, np`eanbih fstrntflens if ahmprfbseñb ahmh f` sukrnynih, f` pnrnornsfnih y sume``nih. Aefrrf (< mebuths) F` ihafbtf `fs peif rfsphbifr n `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns quf sf ukeanb n` oebn`eznr f` tfxth ¸^uå gn suafieih fb f` tfxth8 ¸^uå ifrfaghs sf fstîb vu`bfrnbih8 ¸^uå bfafsetnb snkfr fstn phk`naeñb pnrn quf bh sf vu`bfrfb sus ifrfaghs8 Zhr quå rnzhbfs f` Fstnih ifkf vf`nr phr `n ifofbsn if `n ielbeini gumnbn8 ¸Zhr quå fs emphrtnbtf quf `hs aeuininbhs fståb ebohrmnihs shkrf `hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs8 @hs fstuienbtfs rfsphbifb n `ns prflubtns y inb sus hpebehbfs nafran if` tfxth. F` ihafbtf ahbsh`ein `ns rfspufstns. Ebeaeh (>: mebuths)

QFLVBIN GH[N (96 mebuths)

 

@hs fstuienbtfs hksfrvnb f` veifh ‐ @n Ifa`nrnaeñb If @hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs” Gumnbhs”  gttps4//www.yhutukf.ahm/wntag8 v=e[Bykd?aEuM @uflh, fb pnrfdns, rfsphbifb `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸Auî`fs shb `hs ifrfaghs quf eifbteoeanb fb f` veifh8 ¸Auî` fs f` ihaumfbth quf sestfmntezn `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs fb f` mubih8 N`lubhs fstuienbtfs shaen`eznb sus rfspufstns y f` ihafbtf prfaesn `n emphrtnbaen if ahbhafr `ns anrnatfrísteans if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs n trnvås if ihaumfbths if `fles`naeñb ebtfrbnaehbn`. Ifsnrrh``h (1: mebuths)  mebuths)  gumnbhs”  (Zîl. >:> tfxth if Ohrmnaeñb @hs fstuienbtfs `ffb ebieveiun`mfbtf f` tfxth ‐Iemfbsehbfs ‐ Iemfbsehbfs if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs” (Zîl. Aeuinin Aeui ninbn bn y Aívea Aíveann ;º). @uf @uflh, lh, sf hrl hrlnbe nbeznb znb fb aeb aebah ah fque fquephs phs if trtrnkn nkndh, dh, n anin fq fquep uephh sf `f nselb nselbnn ubn iemfbseñb if `hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs. Fsarekfb ubn eifn oufrzn nafran if `h `fíih. @uflh anin fqueph shaen`ezn `ns eifns oufrzns y `ns ukeanb if mnbfrn hrlnbeznin fb ubn pnrtf vesek`f if` nu`n. Aefrrf (6 mebuths) N pnrter if `ns ebtfrvfbaehbfs if `hs fstuienbtfs, f` ihafbtf sestfmntezn `n ebohrmnaeñb prfaesnbih `n emphrtnbaen if rfahbhafr `ns iemfbsehbfs if `hs Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs.   N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN F`fler ubn bhteaen ihbif sf prfsfbtf ubn setunaeñb if vu`bfrnaeñb if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs, `n ifsarekfb y mfbaehbnb auî` if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs sf vu`bfrn y fmeter ub ahmfbtnreh aríteah. MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ FQ VIENB F Yfxth ;º @emn Fiethren` Qnbte``nbn. ;:>; IHAFB F AHBL[FQH IF @N [FZÔK@EAN IF@ ZF[Ô (;:::). @fy B.º ;6). _eifhtfan if `ns Au`turns. Mntfren` if fbsfþnbzn. @emn4 Mebau. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>;). Yfxth fsah`nr ;.º lrnih if Fiuanaeñb Qfaubinren. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1). [utns if` nprfbiezndf Ahbvever, pnrteaepnr y if`ekfrnr pnrn fdfrafr  ubn aeuininbín ifmharîtean f ebtfrau`turn`. Onsaíau`h lfbfrn`. Vb nprfbiezndf oubinmfbtn` fb `n fsauf`n quf qufrfmhs. @emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB IF@ ZF[Ô (;:>1). [utns if` nprfbiezndf. ¸^uå y añmh nprfbifb bufstrhs nih`fsafbtfs8 Onsaíau`h >. Fdfraf p`fbnmfbtf su aeuininbín. _E aea`h. @emn4 Mebfiu. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). [M ‑ >55 - ;:>64 Ahbsu`tn4 ;: if ofkrfrh if ;:>?. MEBEQYF[EH IF FIVANAEÑB (;:>6). Mñiu`h if Natun`eznaeñb Ieiîatean if `n Aeuininbín. Znrteaepnaeñb pnrn `n aeuininbín. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren. MEBEQY MEB EQYF[E F[EH H IF FIV FIVANA ANAEÑB EÑB (;: (;:>6) >6).. Mñi Mñiu`h u`h if Nat Natun` un`ezn eznaeñb aeñb Iei Ieiîat îatean ean if `n Aeu Aeuini ininbí nbín. n. Ahb Ahbvevf vevfbaen baen Ifmharîtean y Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs. Fiuanaeñb sfaubinren Zhbteoeaen Vbevfrseini Antñ`ean if` Zfrô (;:>6). Znutns f`nkhrnaeñb if ihssefr. Onau`tni if Fiuanaeñb. @emn4 Zfrô. BNAEHBFQ VBEINQ (>597). Ifa`nrnaeñb Vbevfrsn` if Ifrfaghs Gumnbhs. >: if ieaefmkrf. ˋgttp4//www.mebdus.lhk.pf/wp-ahbtfbt/up`hnis/;:>9/:1/IFA@N[NAEHB-VBE_F[QN@-IF-IF[FAGHQGVMNBHQ.pio ˁ Nbfxhs NBFWH >4

 

NBFWH ;4 Fstrntflen mftnp`nb Znshs y rfl`ns pnrn f` mnbfdh if` MFYNZ@NB4 • Qf rfquefrf Mhifrnihr. • Qf usnb anrtu`ebns if ieofrfbtfs ohrmns, ah`hrfs y tnmnþhs. Qf prfoefrfb ah`hrfs pnstf`fs. • Ah`hrfs oríhs4 nzu` y rhsnih sf usnb pnrn rfspufstns if ahbtfbeih Aríteah h Bflntevh. • Ah`hrfs an`efbtfs4 nmnre``h y vfrif pnrn rfspufstns if ahbtfbeih ahbstruatevh h phsetevh. •• Ah`hr tefbf anrîatfr bfutrn`. Yhihsk`nbah4 `hs pnrteaepnbtfs ute`eznb f` mnranihr if` mesmh ah`hr -pnrn mnbtfbfr nbhbemnth. • Anin pnrteaepnbtf fxprfsn su eifn, su nphrtf h prflubtn phr fsareth. • Znrn anin nphrtf, eifn, prflubtn h ebqueftui sf ute`ezn ubn anrtu`ebn. • @n eifn sh`h sf fxprfsn phr ub `nih if `n anrtu`ebn. • @ns anrtu`ebns ifkfb sfr fsaretns ahb `ftrn emprfbtn. • @hs mfbsndfs quf sf fsarekfb ifkfb sfr ahbarfths. Zn`nkrn a`nvfs, phans pn`nkrns. • Bh mîs if trfs `íbfns fsaretns phr tnrdftn. • F` bômfrh if tnrdftns ifkf `emetnrsf. • Aunbih sf fxprfsfb eifns phsetevns y bflntevns ute`eznr ihs ah`hrfs if tnrdftns. • Yhins `ns tnrdftns ifkfb fxphbfrsf nubquf f` mhifrnihr ahbseifrf quf n`lubn bh tefbf sfbteih. • Bh sf rhmpfb h ifsanrtnb tnrdftns, thins `ns eifns shb vî`eins. • Qh`h f` lruph ifoebf rfternr tnrdftns rfpfteins

QFQEÑB IF NZ[FBIETNDF Í V@H IF @N QF QFQEÑB QEÑB Ahbhaefbih bufstrhs ifrfaghs gumnbhs n trnvås if `n Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean if` ZZfrô frô

 

NZ[FBIETNDFQ FQZF[NIHQ AHMZF FBAENQ ANZNAEINIFQ IFQFMZFÞHQ AHB_E_F U Znrteaepn fb naaehbfs quf Eifbt Eifbteoean eoean auî`f auî`fss shb `hs ifrfagh ifrfaghss y `ekfrtnifs `ekfrtnifs quf tefbf ZN[ EAEZN prhmufvfb f` kefbfstnr thin pfrshbn sflôb `n Ahbstetuaeñb ZZh`ítean h`ítean (Nrtíau`h ;) IFMHA[N EANMFB F ahmôb. FB @N KÔQ^VFIN Ahbstruyf bhrmns y Vte`ezn `n ahbstetuaeñb ph`ítean pnrn nbn`eznr y fxp`eanr anshs IF@ KEFB AHMÔB nsumf naufrihs y `fyfs. rf`ntevhs n `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs. Znrteaepn fb naaehbfs quf Ebtflrn seb iesaremebnr n sus ahmpnþfrhs fb `ns nateveinifs prhm prhmuf ufvf vfbb f` kefb kefbfs fstn tnr r  quf ifsnrrh``n (trnkndhs fb lruph, duflhs, ahbvfrsnaehbfs). ahmôb. QFAVFBAEN IEIÎA EAN Z[EMF[N GH[N (96 mebuths)

Ebeaeh (>: mebuths) F` ihafbtf in `n kefbvfbein n `hs fstuienbtfs y prhpeaen ubn rf`naeñb nlrnink`f ahb `hs fstuienbtfs. F` ihafbtf ahmfbtn ahb `hs fstuienbtfs `h trnkndnih fb `n sfseñb nbtfrehr nafran if `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs y sus iemfbsehbfs @fs ahmubean quf f` prhpñseth if `n sfseñb fs eifbteoeanr `hs ifrfaghs if thin pfrshbn sflôb `n Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean if` Zfrô. Nsí mesmh `fs ahmfbtn quf f` prhiuath if `n sfseñb sfrî rfahpe`nr nrtíau`hs pfrehiísteahs h bhteaens vebau`nihs n setunaehbfs fb `ns quf sf vu`bfrnb `hs ifrfaghs. F` ihafbtf `fs prhphbf sn`er n` pnteh pnrn rfn`eznr ubn nateveini. F` ihafbtf, fb f` pnteh, ahmubean n `hs fstuienbtfs4 ‐Bfafseth vfebtf fstuienbtfs vh`ubtnrehs pnrn quf  duflufb ub pnrteih if oôtkh` phr 1 mebuths. Nquí `fs fbtrflh ubn pf`htn (gfagn if pnpf`), `hs ifmîs fstuienbtfs sf ukeanrîb n`rfifihr if `n anbagn pnrn quf sfnb `hs fspfatnihrfs”. (Zrhknk`fmfbtf `hs fstuienbtfs prflubtnrîb phr quå bh f`fler ub îrketrh h pfierîb n` ihafbtf quf ieln aun`fs shb `ns rfl`ns if` duflh, fta. F` prhofshr bh ifkf ifaer bnin, h quezî pufif rfsphbifr quf bh fs bfafsnreh ifaer bnin. @n ahbselbn fs quf sh`h duflufb phr aebah mebuths.)

Ahba`ueih f` duflh, f` ihafb Ahba`ueih ihafbtf tf ebvetn n `hs dulnihr dulnihrfs fs n quf fxprfsf fxprfsfbb añmh sf gnb sfbteih iurn iurnbtf btf f` duflh y n `hs fspfatnihrfs `fs peif rfahbstruer `hs gfaghs ahb f` hkdftevh if quf ifsareknb thih `h quf gnb pfraekeih4 natetuifs, ahmphrtnmefbths, `fblundf ute`eznih, añmh rfsh`vefrhb sus ahbo`eaths, fta. @hs fstuienbtfs ahbvfrsnb fbtf f``hs y rfahbhafb quf nbtf `n nusfbaen if ubn bhrmn h rfl`n if duflh, f` pnrteih if oôtkh` bh oubaehbn y tnmphah nbtf `n ebfxestfbaen if ubn nuthreini quf fstå vele`nbtf n quf fsth sf aump`n. Fb ahba`useñb, f` ihafbtf hrefbtn `n rfo`fxeñb pnrn vebau`nr quf fb setunaehbfs if `n vein ienren `ns pfrshbns bfafsetnb rflu`nrsf. Fb f` ansh fspfaíoeah if` oôtkh`, `h rflu`nb `ns bhrmns h rfl`ns if duflh pnrn quf fstf sfn ‐`empeh”. Fb `n fsauf`n, ¸quå bhrmns bhs rflu`nb8 prflubtn prflubtn y sf rfsphbif4 ‐pufs `ns bhrmns if ahbvevfbaen y f` rfl`nmfbth rfl`nmfbth ebtfrb ebtfrbh”. h”. ¸U fb bufstrh pnís pnís,, auî` fs `n `fy if `fyfs quf rflu`n `n vein if` phk`nih phk`nihrr pfrunbh8 U rfsphbif4 bufstrn Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean if` Zfrô. Ifsnrrh``h (;6 mebuths) @hs fstuienbtfs if mnbfrn ebieveiun` `ffb f` tfxth ‐@n Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean y `hs ifrfaghs” if `n Zîl. >:9, Yfxth Fsah`nr Ohrmnaeñb Aeuininbn y Aívean ;º, n` `ffr ifsnrrh``nb `n tåabean if` sukrnynih f eifbteoeanb `ns eifns prebaepn`fs. @uflh, sf hrlnbeznb fb fquephs if trnkndh pnrn f`nkhrnr ub hrlnbeznihr vesun` nafran if` tfxth `fíih ahbseifrnbih nafran if `n Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean if` Zfrô, sus f`fmfbths y `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs ahbsnlrnihs fb `n mesmn. Aefrrf (>: mebuths) Ahbtrnkndh `n pnrteaepnaeñb `hs fstuienbtfs, f` ihafbtf vn ahmp`fmfbtnbih `hs hrlnbeznihrfs trnkndnihs phr `hs fquephs if inbih `nsif ahba`usehbfs pfrtebfbtfs. QFLVBIN GH[N ( 96 mebuths)

 

Ebeaeh (>6 mebuths) F` ihafbtf prfsfbtn ihs setunaehbfs quf ntfbtnb ahbtrn `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs4 @hs fstuienbtfs hrlnbeznihs fb sus fquephs if trnkndh ahmfbtnb y fsarekfb fb tnrdftns `h quf fstnrî suafiefbih y `ns pflnb n`rfifihr if `n mesmn. [fsphbifb n `ns seluefbtfs prflubtns4 ¸^uå ifrfaghs gumnbhs sf gnb vu`bfrnih fb fsths anshs8 ¸If quå mnbfrn `n Ahbstetuaeñb Zh`ítean if` Zfrô prhtflf `n vu`bfrnaeñb if `hs ifrfaghs oubinmfbtn`fs if `n pfrshbn8 @hs fstuien fstuienbtfs shaen`ez shaen`eznb nbnk`faf sus rfspufstns s íns fb f`ahb nu`n. F` n`fs ihafbtf sestfmntezn ntezn ebohrmnae ebohrmnaeñb ñb if y prfaesn quf `n Ahbste Ahb stetua tuaeñb eñbbtfs Zh` Zh`íte ítean an fst fstnk` faf rfspufstn `ns lnr lnrnbt nbtíns ahbste stetua tuaehb ehbn`f s pnr pnrnnsestfm prh prhtfl tflfr fr `n`n vu`bfr vu` bfrnae naeñb ñb `hs ifr ifrfag faghs hs oubinmfbtn`fs if `ns pfrshbns. Ifsnrrh``h (;: mebuths ) F` ihafbt ihafbtff ebiean ebiean n `hs `hs fstuie fstuienbtfs nbtfs quf if mnbfrn ebieve ebieveiun` iun` `ffrî `ffrîbb f` tfxth ‐@ns lnrnb lnrnbtíns tíns ahbste ahbstetuaehb tuaehbn`fs” n`fs” (Zîl. >:9 Ohrmnaeñb Aeuininbn y Aívean, ;º), np`eanbih `n tåabean if` sukrnynih eifbteoeanb `ns eifns prebaepn`fs F` ihafbtf ifselbn ubn pnrtf if` tfxth `fíih n anin fqueph pnrn quf ahmp`ftfb f` seluefbtf fsqufmn fb pnpf`ñlrnoh. @ns lnrnbtíns ahbstetuaehbn`fs Gîkfns ahrpus

¸^uå iiffrfagh pprrhtflf8

¸Ahb Ahbtrn qquueåb h queåbfs pprrhafif8

[faursh if nmpnrh Gîkfns intn Naaeñb if ebahbstetuaehbn`eini Naaeñb phpu`nr Naaeñb if ebaump`emefbth Aefrrf (>: mebuths) N`lubhs fquephs shaen`eznb f` fsqufmn quf gnb ahmp`ftnih y rfn`eznb nphrtfs y sulfrfbaens. F` ihafbtf sestfmntezn `n ebohrmnaeñb ahb eifns oufrzn inbih åbonses n `n emphrtnbaen if rfahbhafr `hs ifrfaghs quf sf prhtflfb fb `ns lnrnbtíns ahbstetuaehbn`fs .   N[FN N [NKNDN[ FB ANQN

[fahpe`nb bhteaens quf ntfbtfb ahbtrn `hs ifrfaghs gumnbhs h nquf``ns fb `ns quf sf gn fstnk`faeih n`lôb rålemfb if fxafpaeñb MN F[EN@FQ H [FAV[QHQ N V E@ETN[ ZN[N F@ FQ VIENB F Yfxth ;º @emn Fiethren` Qnbte``nbn. ;:>; ZN[N F@ IHAFB F Ienreh Ien reh F` Ahm Ahmfra fraeh eh .[f .[faup aupfrn frnih ih if gttp4/ gttp4//f` /f`ahm ahmfra fraeh. eh.pf/ pf/pfr pfru/s u/snb-m nb-mnrt nrteb/ eb/snb snb-mnr -mnrteb teb-k` -k`hqu hqufnb fnb-ve -ven-p n-prfs rfsubt ubtnnahrrupaehb-ahmeaehs-bhteaen->