Sesion 9 Motores de c.c.2016 II

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo ? 

^CBOEO ;7 BF]FZC^ MC N.N. ;.? KE]ZFMSNNKFE Ifs bftfrcs mc n.n. sc nfbporor pfr sus rcduionkfecs mc vcifnkmom. Io rcduionkþe mc vcifnkmom (^Z) mc ue bftfr sc mcakec nfbf

Cs ueo bcmkmo oprfxkbomo mc io afrbo mc io norontcrâstkno por-vcifnkmom mc ue bftfr< ueo rcduionkþe mc io vcifnkmom pfsktkvo skdekakno quc io vcifnkmom mci bftfr mksbkeuyc nfe ci oubcetf mc nordo y ueo rcduionkþe ecdotkvo mc vcifnkmom skdekakno quc io vcifnkmom oubceto nuoemf oubceto io nordo. Io bodektum mc io rcduionkþe mc vcifnkmom mknc, oprfxkbomobcetc, quc toe cbpkeomo cs io pcemkcetc mc io nurvo por-vcifnkmom. Ifs bftfrcs nn, sfe onnkfeomfs sfif pfr aucetc mc pftcenko nn. Hoy nkenf nioscs prkenkpoics mc bftfrcs nn mc usf dcecroi ?. C i Bftfr Bftfr nn n n mc C xnk tonkþe tonkþe s cporomo cporomo. :. C i Bftfr Bftfr nn n n nfe cxnkto cxn ktonkþe nkþe ce mcrkvonkþe  >. C i Bftfr Bftfr nn mc kbïe kbïe pcrboecetc pcrboecetc =. C i Bft Bftfr fr nn ^ crkc, 3. C i Bftfr Bftfr n n nnfb fbpucstf pucstf 

;.: NKZNSK]F C_SKQOICE]C MI BF]FZ NN Poro ue bftfr nn, ci nkrnuktf cqukvoicetc

sc

bucstro

ce

io

akduro, ci nkrnuktf mci kemunkmf cstï rcprcscetomf pfr ueo aucetc kmcoi mc vfitogc C O y ueo Zcskstcenko Z O. Csto

rcprcscetonkþe

cqukvoicetc

]hcvceke

cs

ci

mc

io

cstrunturo tftoi mci rftfr, keniukmos ios jfjkeos mci rftfr, ifs i fs ketcrpfifs y ifs mcvoeomfs mc nfbpcesonkþe, sk ifs hoy. Io noâmo mc vfitogcs ce io csnfjkiio cstï rcprcscetomo pfr ueo pcqucÿo jotcrâo Qcsn fpucsto ce mkrcnnkþe oi aiugf mc nfrrkcetc mc io bïqukeo. Ios jfjkeos mc nobpf quc prfmunce ci aiugf bodeëtknf cstïe rcprcscetomos pfr io kemuntoenko I A y io Zcskstcenko ZA. Io rcskstcenko scporomo Zomg rcprcsceto ueo rcskstcenko cxtcrkfr vorkojic, utkikzomo poro nfetrfior io noetkmom mc nfrrkcetc ce ci nkrnuktf mc nobpf. Ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf ce io bïqukeo cstï momf pfr 7  

C   OO  2 L Ρ w

T, cs io vcifnkmom mc rftonkþe mc io bïqukeo Ci por kemunkmf mcsorrfiiomf cstï momf pfr

 2 L Ρ  K  K  O   kem  2

Cstos mfs cnuonkfecs cnuonkfecs nfrrcspf nfrrcspfemce emce o io I]L mci nkrnuktf kemunkmf kemunkmf y io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe mc ios bïqukeos, sfe ios hcrrobkcetos ecncsorkos poro oeoikzor ci nfbpfrtobkcetf y ci auenkfeobkcetf mc ueo bïqukeo mc n.n.

;.> NSZQO MC BODEC]KWONKFE MC SEO BO_SKEO MC NN  Ci vfitogc dcecromf C O mc ue bftfr f dcecromfr cs 7

C  O  2 L Ρ w  w 

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo : 

C  O  cs mkrcntobcetc prfpfrnkfeoi oi aiugf ce io bïqukeo y o io vcifnkmom mc rftonkþe mc ciio. ¶Nþbf sc rcionkfeo ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf nfe io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf mc io bïqukeo6 Io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf ce ueo bïqukeo quc prfmunc ueo aucrzo bodectfbftrkz mc nobpf aomo pfr

A 2 E A  A   K A  A ,  io

nuoi prfmunc ue aiugf ce io bïqukeo mc onucrmf o io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe. Io

prkbcro nurvo io nfefncbfs, io scduemo nurvo cxprcso C O nfetro KA o ueo vcifnkmom wf momo

Poro fjtcecr io bïxkbo pftcenko pfskjic mc soikmo pfr ikjro mc pcsf mc io bïqukeo, io boyfrâo mc ifs bftfrcs y ifs dcecromfrcs cstïe mkscÿomfs poro fpcror ncrno mci puetf mc soturonkþe mc io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe, if nuoi kbpikno quc sc rcqukcrc ue droe oubcetf mc nfrrkcetc mc nobpf poro fjtcecr ue pcqucÿf oubcetf ce C O, nuoemf fpcro ncrnoef o io piceo nordo.

;.= BF]FZC^ NN NFE CXNK]ONKÞE ^CPOZOMO y BF]FZC^ NN CE MCZKQONKFE Se bftfr nn nfe cxnktonkþe scporomo cs ue bftfr nuyf nkrnuktf mc nobpf cs oikbcetomf pfr ueo aucetc mc pftcenko scporomo mc vfitogc nfestoetc. O nfetkeuonkþe sc bucstro io akduro mc nfecxkþe y ci nkrnuktf cqukvoicetc. cqukvoicetc.

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo > 

Se bftfr ce nn ce mcrkvonkþe cs oquci nuyf nkrnuktf mc nobpf sc fjtkcec su pftcenko mkrcntobcetc mc ifs tcrbkeoics mci kemunkmf mci bftfr. ^k ci vfitogc mc oikbcetonkþe cs nfestoetc, ef hoy nosk mkacrcenkos cetrc cstos mfs bïqukeos. O nfetkeuonkþe sc bucstro ci nkrnuktf cqukvoicetc mci bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe.

;.3 NOZON NOZON]CZK ]CZK^]KNO^ ^]KNO^ MC IF^ ]CZBKEOIC^ MC SE BF]FZ NN  Ce ue bftfr ios noetkmomcs mc soikmo sfe ci por oi cgc y io v vcifnkmom< cifnkmom< pfr toetf, su norontcrâstkno mc ifs tcrbkeoics cs ueo drïakno mci por nfetro io vcifnkmom ce su soikmo. ¶Nþbf rcspfemc ue bftfr mn ce mcrkvonkþe o ueo nordo6 ^upfedo quc oubceto io nordo ce ci cgc mc cstc bftfr ci por mc nordo

nordo  cxncmcrï ci por kemunkmf

kem  ce io bïqukeo, y ci bftfr

nfbcezorï o rcmunkr io vcifnkmom. Nuïemf ci bftfr sc arceo, su vfitogc ketcref dcecromf mksbkeuyc (C  O  O   2

L Ρ   w   ↞)  y io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf mci bftfr K  Q ] - C   OO ↞)/Z  O   oubceto. Nuoemf  O   2 ((Q 

oubceto io nfrrkcetc nfrrkcetc mci mci kemunkmf kemunkmf,, oubceto ci po porr kemunkmf kemunkmf

(

kem  

2 L ΡK   O↟) y, akeoibcetc, ci por

kemunkmf kduoiorï oi mc io nordo o ueo vcifnkmom bcnïekno mc rftonkþe w  bïs  bïs jogo. Io norontcrâstkno mc soikmo mc ue bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe sc pucmc mcmunkr mc ios cnuonkfecs mci vfitogc kemunkmf y mci por bftfr, guetf nfe io cnuonkþe nfrrcspfemkcetc o io icy mc vfitogcs mc Lkrnhhfaa Ci vfitogc ce ifs tcrbkeoics cs 7 Q ] 2 C O + K O  OZ O  Ci vfitogc kemunkmf C O 2 L Ρ w  Nfbjkeoemf ios cnuonkfecs oetcrkfrcs, sc fjtkcec

w  2  2

Q]  - Z O L Ρ   ( L Ρ  )º 

kem  

Csto cnuonkþe rcprcsceto gustobcetc ueo iâeco rcnto nfe pcemkcetc ecdotkvo, nfbf sc bucstro ce io akduro. a kduro. Cs kbpfrtoetc tcecr ce nuceto quc, poro ueo vorkonkþe ikecoi mc io vcifnkmom mci bftfr nfe rcspcntf oi por, ifs ftrfs tërbkefs mc csto cxprcskþe mcjce pcrboecncr nfestoetcs nuoemf nobjko io nordo. Ci vfitogc ce ifs tcrbkeoics subkekstromf pfr io aucetc mc pftcenko cs nfestoetc, sk ef cs nfestoetc, ios vorkonkfecs mc vfitogc oacntorïe io afrbo mc io nurvo por vcifnkmom. Io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf cs ftrf cacntf ketcref mci bftfr quc tobjkëe pucmc oacntor io afrbo mc

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo = 

io nurvo por-vcifnkmom. ^k ue bftfr prcsceto rconnkþe mci kemunkmf, ci cacntf mc mcjkiktobkcetf mci aiugf rcmunc ci aiugf mc io bïqukeo o bcmkmo quc oubceto io nordo. Io rcmunnkþe mci aiugf oubceto io vcifnkmom mci bftfr, o nuoiqukcr nordo momo, bïs oiiï mc io vcifnkmom o quc pfmrâo dkror sk ef sc prcsceto io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf. Io skdukcetc akduro bucstro io norontcrâstkno mci por vcifnkmom mc ue bftfr ce mcrkvonkþe nfe rconnkþe mci kemunkmf. ^k ue bftfr tkcec mcvoeomfs mc nfbpcesonkþe, cs niorf quc ef prcscetorï ifs prfjicbos mc mcjkiktobkcetf mci aiugf ce io bïqukeo, y ëstc scrï nfestoetc.

;.1. CGCBPIF ? Se bftfr mn ce mcrkvonkþe mc 30 hp, :30 Q, ?:00 rpb, nfe mcvoeomfs mc nfbpcesonkþe , tkcec ueo rcskstcenko mci kemunkmf (keniukmos ios csnfjkiios, ifs mcvoeomfs mc nfbpcesonkþe y ifs ketcrpfifs) mc 0.01 Ϋ. ^u nkrnuktf mc nobpf tkcec ueo rcskstcenko tftoi mci Zomg+ZA mc 30 Ϋ nfe if nuoi prfmunc ueo vcifnkmom mc vonâf mc ?:00 rpb. Hoy ?:00 vucitos pfr pfif ce ci mcvoeomf mc nobpf mc mcrkvonkþe. ^c pkmc o) Nfeacnnk Nfeacnnkfeor feor ci nkrnuktf cqukvoicetc j) Io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr nuoemf su nfrrkcetc m mc c cetromo cs ?00 ?00 O. n)

Io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr nuoemf su nfrrkcetc mc cetromo cs :00 O.

m) Io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr nuoemf su nfrrkcetc mc cetromo cs >00 O. c) Mkjugc io norontcrâstkno norontcrâstk no por-vcifnkmom por-vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr. v fitogc ketcref cs C   OO  2 L Ρ  w   w  , , pucstf quc ci nobpf cs nfestoetc( mcjkmf o quc Q] y io ^fiunkþe. Ci vfitogc rcskstcenko mc nobpf sfe nfestoetcs) y ef hoy cacntfs mc rconnkþe mci kemunkmf, ci aiugf ce cstc bftfr cs nfestoetc. Io rcionkþe cetrc ios vcifnkmomcs y ifs vfitogcs ketcrefs dcecromfs mci bftfr poro mfs nfemknkfecs mc nordo mkacrcetcs cs C  O:  

L Ρ w :

----- 2 ---------  C  O? 

L Ρ w ? 

Io nfestoetc l sc noencio pucstf quc cs ueo nfestoetc poro nuoiqukcr bïqukeo. Ci aiugf Ρ  sc noencio w :  :   2 C   O:

w ? 

------------

C  O? 

 

Ce vonâf, io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf cs ncrf mc bfmf quc C O? 2 Q] 2 :30 Q, bkcetros quc io vcifnkmom w?2?:00 rpb. ^k pucmc noinuiorsc ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf pfr ftro nordo. o) ^k KI 2 ?00

O KO 2 KI- KA 2 KI - Q] /ZA 2 ?00 O - :30/30 2 ;3 O

Cetfencs C O 2 Q]  „ „ K O Z O 2 :30 Q „ (;3 O)(0.01Ϋ) 2 :==.> Q Io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom rcsuitoetc mci bftfr cs 7 w:2 :==.> Q ?:00 rpb 2 ??4> rpb :30 Q j) ??== rbp

n) ??3 rpb

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

m) Ce vonâf ci por kemunkmf

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

kem  2

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo 3 

0, poro hoiior ci por kemunkmf poro nuoiqukcr ftro nordo, io pftcenko

nfevcrtkmo ce cstc bftfr mn cs

Pnfev2 C  O  O K   O  2

 w 

kem 

 2  2 C   OO K  O / w

ke m 

Ci por kemunkmf nuoemf K I2 ?00 O cs

Ci por kemunkmf nuoemf K I2 :00 O cs

;.4. OEOIK^K^ EF IKECOI MC SE BF]FZ CE MCZKQONKFE Ci aiugf Ρ  y, pfr toetf, ci vfitogc dcecromf C O  mc ueo bïqukeo nn cs ueo auenkþe ef ikecoi mc su aucrzo bodectfbftrkz. Cetfencs, nuoiqukcr aceþbcef quc oitcrc io aucrzo bodectfbftrkz ce io bïqukeo tcemrï ue cacntf ef ikecoi ce ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf mc ciio. Pucstf quc io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe cs ueo drïakno mkrcnto mc C O nfetro KA poro ueo vcifnkmom momo wf momo, ci cacntf mc nobjkor io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf mc io bïqukeo sc pucmc mctcrbkeor mc su nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe. ^k ueo bïqukeo prcsceto rconnkþe mci kemunkmf, su aiugf sc rcmunkrï o bcmkmo quc oubceto io nordo. Ce ue bftfr mn ce mcrkvonkþe, io aucrzo bodectfbftrkz tftoi cs kduoi o io aucrzo bodectfbftrkz mci nkrnuktf mc nobpf bcefs io aucrzo bodectfbftrkz mcjkmo o io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf. (OZ). Ci vfitogc rcsuitoetc C O  pucmc scr mctcrbkeomf ifnoikzoemf io nfrrkcetc cqukvoicetc ce io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe. Ce ue bftfr mn ce mcrkvonkþe io nfrrkcetc cqukvoicetc mc nobpf cstï momo pfr7

;.8 CGCBPIF :. Se bftfr mn ce mcrkvonkþe mc 30 hp, :30 Q, ?:00 rpb, ske mcvoeomfs mc nfbpcesonkþe, tkcec ueo rcskstcenko mci kemunkmf (keniukmos ios csnfjkiios, y ifs ketcrpfifs) mc 0.01 Ϋ. ^u nkrnuktf mc nobpf tkcec ueo rcskstcenko tftoi mci Z omg+ZA mc 30 Ϋ nfe if nuoi prfmunc ueo vcifnkmom mc vonâf mc ?:00 rpb. Hoy ?:00 vucitos pfr pfif ce ci mcvoeomf mc nobpf mc mcrkvonkþe y io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf prfmunc ueo aucrzo bodectfbftrkz mcsbodectkzoetc mc 8=0 O-vucito o ueo nfrrkcetc mc nordo mc :00  O. Io nurvo sc bucstro bucstro ce io s skdukcetc kdukcetc akduro. ^c pkmc o) Io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr nuoemf su nfrrkcetc mc cetromo cs :00 O. j) Mkjugc io norontcrâstkno norontcrâstk no por-vcifnkmom por-vcifnk mom mc cstc bftfr.

^fiunkþe. 

^k K I 2 :00 O

KO2 KI - KA 2 KI - Q] /ZA 2 :00 O - :30/30 2 ?;3 O

Cetfencs C O 2 Q]  „ „ K  O Z  O 2 :30 Q „ (?;3 O)(0.01Ϋ) 2 :>8.> Q Poro K I 2 :00 O, io aucrzo bodectfbftrkz mcsbodectkzoetc mcjkmo o io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf cs 8=0 O*vucito, mc bfmf quc io nfrrkcetc cacntkvo cs7

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo 1 

o) Mc io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe, bodectkz onkþe, csto nfrrkcetc cacntkvo mc nobpf prfmunkrï ue vfitogc ketcref dcecromf C OF  mc :>> Q o ueo vcifnkmom mc ?:00 rpb Pucstf quc ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf rcoi cs :>8.> Q, io vcifnkmom vcifnk mom mc fpcronkþe fpcronkþe mci bftfr mcjc scr7 scr7

j) Nfe :00 O mc nordo, nordo, io vcifnkmom poro ci cgcbpif oetcrkfr oetcrkfr auc mc e2??== ZPB. ZPB. Poro cstc cgcbpif io vcifnkmom mci bftfr cs ?::4 rpb. Eþtcsc quc io vcifnkmom v cifnkmom mci bftfr nfe rconnkþe mci kemunkmf cs boyfr quc io mci bftfr quc ef tkcec rconnkþe mci kemunkmf. Cstc oubcetf rciotkvf mc vcifnkmom sc mcjc oi mcjkiktobkcetf mci aiugf ce io bïqukeo quc tkcec rconnkþe mci kemunkmf. n) Poro

mcmunkr

io

norontcrâs norontcrâstkno tkno

por-

vcifnkmom mc cstc bftfr, cs ecncsorkf noinuior ci por y io vcifnkmom poro bunhos nfemknkfecs mc nordo mkacrcetcs. ^ke cbjordf,

io

mcsbodectkzoetc

aucrzo mc

bodectfbftrkz io

rconnkþe

mci

kemunkmf cstï momo sþif pfr ueo nfemknkþe mc nordo (:00 O). Pucstf quc ef hoy rconnkþe omknkfeoi mkspfekjic, sc supfec quc io ketceskmom A OZ  vorâo ikecoibcetc nfe io nfrrkcetc mc nordo. Io norontcrâstkno rcsuitoetc por-vcifnkmom sc bucstro ce io akduro. Eþtcsc quc poro nuoiqukcr nordo momo, io vcifnkmom mci bftfr nfe rconnkþe mci kemunkmf cs boyfr quc io mci bftfr ske rconnkþe mci kemunkmf.

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Pïdkeo 4 

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

;.; NFE]ZFI MC IO QCIFNKMOM CE BF]FZC^ NN CE MCZKQONKFE Ios mfs afrbos nfbuecs utkikzomos poro nfetrfior io vcifnkmom mc ueo bïqukeo nn ce mcrkvonkþe sfe7 ?.

Ogustoemf io rcskstcenko rcskstcenk o mc nobpf ZA (y, pfr toetf, ci aiugf mci nobpf)

:.

Ogustoemf ci vfitogc ce ifs tcrbkeoics, opiknomf oi kemunkmf.

?.

NOBJKF MC IO ZC^K^]CENKO MC NOBPF

^k io rcskstcenko mc nobpf oubceto, io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf mksbkeuyc (K A 2 Q]/ZA↟) y, mksbkeuyc io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf, ci aiugf mc nobpf Ρ  tobjkëe mksbkeuyc nfe ciio. Seo mksbkeunkþe mc aiugf frkdkeo io mksbkeunkþe kestoetïeco ce ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf ( C  O  2 L Ρ↞  w), if nuoi nouso ue droe oubcetf ce io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf mc io bïqukeo, pucstf quc K   O 2 (Q] - C O ↞ )/Z O  Ci por kemunkmf ce ue bftfr cstï momf pfr

  2L  Ρ  K  O.

kem 

^k ce csto bïqukeo

ci aiugf Ρ mksbkeuyc bkcetros oubceto io nfrrkcetc K O  O. ¶Nþbf nobjko ci por kemunkmf6. Qcobfs ue cgcbpif. Io skdukcetc akduro bucstro ue bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe nfe rcskstcenko ketcreo

mc

0.:3

℡.

Cstc

bftfr

fpcro

efrboibcetc nfe ue vfitogc ce tcrbkeoics mc :30 Q y ue vfitogc ketcref dcecromf mc :=3 Q. Cetfencs ci aiugf mc nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf cs K O 2 (:30 Q  „ :=3 Q)/0.:3

℡ 2 :0 O. ¶_uë fnurrc ce cstc bftfr sk hoy ?% mc mksbkeunkþe mc aiugf6. ^k ci aiugf mksbkeuyc ?%, C  O tobjkëe mcjc mksbkeukr ?% pucstf quc C  O 2 L Ρ w . Pfr nfeskdukcetc nfeskdukcet c C O nocrï o7 C O:2 0.;; C O? 2 0.;; (:=3 Q) 2 :=:.33 Q Io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf mcjc oubcetor o7 K   O 2 (:30 Q „ :=3 Q)/0.:3 ℡ 2 :;.8 O  Ce nfescnucenko ueo mksbkeunkþe mc ? % ce ci aiugf prfmunc ue oubcetf mc =;% ce io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf. Zcdrcsoemf oi oeïiksks frkdkeoi, ci oubcetf mc io nfrrkcetc prcmfbkeo sfjrc io mksbkeunkþe mci aiugf, y ci por kemunkmf sc cicvo

 2L Ρ↞ K  O ↟ 

kem 

Pucstf quc ke m  5 nordo , io vcifnkmom mci bftfr sc kenrcbceto. ^ke cbjordf, nuoemf io vcifnkmom oubceto, ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf C  O  oubceto y fnoskfeo io noâmo mc K   O. Nfbf K   O noc, ci por kemunkmf noc tobjkëe

kem  y

pfr ÷itkbf

kem  kduoi

mc eucvf o 

nordo o

ueo boyfr vcifnkmom mc cstomf cstonkfeorkf quc oetcs. Poro rcsubkr ci nfbpfrtobkcetf nouso „cacntf kevfiunromf ce cstc bfmcif mc nfetrfi mc vcifnkmom ?. Ci oubcetf mc Z AA  nouso mksbkeunkþe mc KA(2Q]/ZA↟)    :. Oetc io mksbkeunkþe mc K AA ,   mksbkeuyc Ρ  >. Io mksbkeunkþe mksbkeunk þe mc Ρ jogo jogo C   C  O 2 L Ρ↞ w   =. Io mksbkeunkþe mksbkeunk þe mc C  O oubceto K   O 2 (Q] - C O ↞ )/Z O  3. Ci oubcetf mc K   k enrcbceto  O kenrcbceto

 2 L  Ρ↞ K  O ↟ (nfe ci nobjkf prcmfbkeoetc sfjrc ci nobjkf mc

kem 

aiugf). 1. Ci oubcetf mc kem  honc kem  5 nordo , y io vcifnkmom w oubceto. 4. Ci oubcetf oubcetf mc w oubceto ftro ftro vcz C  O 2 L Ρ w ↟ 

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo 8 

8. Ci oubcetf mc C  O mksbkeuyc K   O  ;.

Io mksbkeunkþe mksbkeunk þe mc K   O rcmunc

 

kem  hosto

quc

 2

kem 

 , o ueo vcifnkmom boyfr quc w.

nordo

?.? SEO OMQCZ]CENKO ZCACZCE]C OI NFE]ZFI MC QCIFNKMOM PFZ ZC^K^]CENKO MC NOBPF Ios akduros bucstroe ci cacntf mc oubcetor io rcskstcenko mc nobpf, ce io norontcrâstkno mc soikmo mc ue bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe. Momf quc ci aiugf ce io bïqukeo mksbkeuyc, io vcifnkmom mci bftfr ce vonâf oubceto y io pcemkcetc mc io nurvo por-vcifnkmom sc kenikeo bïs. Io prkbcro akduro bucstro io norontcrâstkno mc ifs tcrbkeoics mci bftfr ce ci roedf mc nfemknkfecs quc vo mcsmc vonâf hosto piceo nordo. Ce cstc roedf, ci oubcetf ce io rcskstcenko mc nobpf kenrcbceto io vcifnkmom mci bftfr Io scduemo akduro bucstro io norontcrâstkno ce ifs tcrbkeoics mci bftfr ce ci roedf nfbpictf mcsmc io nfemknkþe mc vonâf hosto io mc rftfr arceomf. Ce io akduro ak duro cs vkskjic quc, o buy jogos vcifnkmom vcifnkmomcs, cs, ue oubcetf ce io rcskstcenko mci nobpf mksbkeukrâo rcoibcetc io vcifnkmom mci bftfr. Nuoemf ci cacntf mc io mksbkeunkþe mci aiugf cs boyfr quc ci cacntf prfmunkmf pfr ci oubcetf ce io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf, ci por kemunkmf sc rcmunc y ci bftfr mksbkeuyc su vcifnkmom.

: NOBJKF MCI QFI]OGC KEMSNKMF Io scduemo afrbo mc nfetrfior io vcifnkmom kbpikno ci nobjkf mci vfitogc opiknomf oi kemunkmf mci bftfr ske nobjkor ci vfitogc opiknomf oi nobpf. Poro rcoikzor cstc tkpf mc nfetrfi, sc rcqukcrc ueo nfecxkþe skbkior oi quc bucstro io akduro. Ce cacntf ci bftfr mcjc scr cxnktomf pfr scporomf poro utkikzor ci nfetrfi mc vfitogc kemunkmf. ^k ci vfitogc Q  O  oubceto, sc mcjc oubcetor io nfrrkcetc io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf ce ci bftfr ( K  )/Z  Z  O). Nfbf K   O 2 (Q   O↟- C   O)/  O   O  oubceto, ci por kemunkmf

 2 L Ρ K  O ↟ oubceto mc bfmf quc

kem 

kem  5

nordo y

io vcifnkmom w mci bftfr oubceto.

Nfbf io vcifnkmom oubceto, ci vfitogc ketcref dcecromf C  O  2 L Ρ  w ↟  oubceto nousoemf ueo mksbkeunkþe mc io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf. Csto mksbkeunkþe ce K   O  rcmunc ci por kemunkmf y fnoskfeo quc ëstc

kem  kduoic

oi por mc nordo

nordo o

ueo boyfr vcifnkmom  vcifnkmom  w mc rftonkþe.

Zcsubkcemf ?.

 O 2 (Q  Ci oubcetf mc Q  O cicvo K  (Q  O↟- C  O)/ )/Z  Z  O 

:. Ci oubcetf mc K   O kenrcbceto

 2 L Ρ K  O ↟ 

kem 

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

>. Ci oubcetf mc

 

kem  honc

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

kem  5

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo ; 

 , y io vcifnkmom w oubceto.

nordo

=. Ci oubcetf mc w kenrcbceto kenrcbcet o o C  O 2 L Ρ w ↟  3.

Ci oubcetf mc C O honc quc mksbkeuyo K  (Q  O↟- C  O)/ )/Z  Z  O   O 2 (Q 

1. Io mksbkeunkþe mksbkeunk þe mc K   O rcmunc

kem  hosto

quc

kem 2  nordo o

ueo boyfr vcifnkmom w. w.  

Ce io akduro sc bucstro ci cacntf mc ue oubcetf mc QO sfjrc io norontcrâstkno por-vcifnkmom mc ue bftfr nfe cxnktonkþe scporomo. Eþtcsc quc ce cstc bëtfmf mc nfetrfi vorâo io vcifnkmom mc vonâf mci bftfr, pcrf io pcemkcetc mc io nurvo pcrboecnc nfestoetc.

;.?0 NOINSIF^ MC CAKNKCENKO MCI BF]FZ NN Poro noinuior io caknkcenko mc ue bftfr nn, sc mcjce mctcrbkeor ios skdukcetcs përmkmos ?. Përmkmos mce ci nfjrc :. Përmkmos pfr noâmo ce ios csnfjkiios csnfjkii os >. Përmkmos bcnïeknos =. Përmkmos ce ci e÷nicf 3. Përmkmos bksnciïecos Ios përmkmos ce ci nfjrc mci bftfr cqukvoice o ios përmkmos Kº Z   ce ifs nkrnuktfs mc nobpf y mc kemunkmf mci bftfr. Cstos përmkmos sc pucmce cenfetror nfefnkcemf ios nfrrkcetcs ce io bïqukeo y ios mfs rcskstcenkos. Poro mctcrbkeor io rcskstcenko ce ci nkrnuktf mci kemunkmf mc ueo bïqukeo, jifquëcsc ci rftfr mc bfmf quc ef pucmo dkror y opiâqucsc ue pcqucÿf vfitogc nn o ifs tcrbkeoics mci kemunkmf. Og÷stcsc cstc vfitogc hosto quc io nfrrkcetc quc aiuyc ce ci kemunkmf sco kduoi o io nfrrkcetc efbkeoi mci kemunkmf ce io bïqukeo. Io rcionkþe cetrc ci vfitogc opiknomf y ci aiugf mc nfrrkcetc rcsuitoetc mci kemunkmf cs Z   O. Nuoemf sc cacnt÷o csto prucjo, io nfrrkcetc mcjc scr nosk kduoi oi voifr mc piceo nordo pfrquc Z   O vorâo nfe io tcbpcroturo y, oi voifr mc io nfrrkcetc mc piceo nordo, ifs mcvoeomfs mci kemunkmf cstorïe ncrno mc su tcbpcroturo efrboi mc fpcronkþe. Io efrbo ??> mc io KCCC (rcacrcenko 3) troto mc ifs prfncmkbkcetfs mc prucjo poro bïqukeos nn. Io rcskstcenko mc nobpf sc mctcrbkeo subkekstroemf ci vfitogc efbkeoi tftoi mc nobpf oi nkrnuktf mc nobpf y bkmkcemf io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf rcsuitoetc. Io rcskstcenko mc nobpf Z AA    cs gustobcetc io rcionkþe cetrc ci vfitogc mc nobpf y io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf. Ios përmkmos pfr noâmo ce ios csnfjkiios sc oprfxkboe nfe arcnucenko odrupïemfios nfe ios përmkmos ce ci nfjrc. Ios përmkmos ce ci e÷nicf y ios përmkmos bcnïeknos sc mctcrbkeoe ce nfeguetf. ^k sc mcgo dkror ikjrcbcetc ue bftfr ce vonâf o io vcifnkmom efbkeoi, cetfencs ef hoy pftcenko mc soikmo mc io bïqukeo. Pucstf quc ci bftfr cstï ske nordo, K   O  cs buy pcqucÿo y ios përmkmos ce ci nfjrc mci kemunkmf sfe mcsprcnkojics. Pfr toetf, sk ios përmkmos ce ci nfjrc mci nobpf sc rcstoe mc io pftcenko mc cetromo mci bftfr, ci rcboecetc mc ësto cstï afrbomf pfr ios përmkmos bcnïeknos y ios përmkmos ce ci e÷nicf mc io bïqukeo o cso vcifnkmom. Cstos përmkmos sc iioboe përmkmos rftonkfeoics ce vonâf mci bftfr. b ftfr. Bkcetros io vcifnkmom mci bftfr b ftfr pcrboe pcrboeczno czno oprfxkbomobcetc kduoi o io quc tceâo nuoemf sc bkmkcrfe ios përmkmos, ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics ce vonâf sfe ueo juceo cstkbonkþe mc ios përmkmos bcnïeknos y ios përmkmos ce ci e÷nicf, jogf nordo. Qcobfs ue cgcbpif

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo ?0 

;.?? CGCBPIF > Se bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe mc 30 hp, :30 Q, ?:00 rpb, tkcec ueo nfrrkcetc efbkeoi mci kemunkmf mc ?40 O y ueo nfrrkcetc efbkeoi mc nobpf mc 3 O. Nuïemf sc jifquco su rftfr, ue vfitogc mci kemunkmf mc ?0.: Q (cxniukmo ios csnfjkiios) prfmunc ?40 O mc aiugf mc nfrrkcetc, y ue vfitogc mc nobpf mc :30 Q prfmunc ue aiugf mc nfrrkcetc mc nobpf mc 3 O. ^c supfec quc ci vfitogc mc noâmo ce ios csnfjkiios cs : Q. Ce vonâf, nfe ue vfitogc ce ifs tcrbkeoics kduoi o :=0 Q, io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf cs kduoi o ?>.: O, io nfrrkcetc mc nobpf cs =.8 O y io vcifnkmom mci bftfr cs ??30 ZPB.  O) ¶Nuïeto cs io pf pftcenko tcenko mc soikmo soikmo mc cs cstc tc bftfr ce nfe nfemknkfecs mknkfecs efbkeoics6 efbkeoics6 J) ¶Nuïi cs io caknkcenko caknkcenk o mci bftfr6 ^FISNKFE. Io rcskstcenko mci kemunkmf mc csto bïqukeo cs7 Z   O 2 ?0.:Q/(?40 O) 2 0.01 ℡  Io rcskstcenko mc nobpf cs7 Z AA    2 :30Q/3 O 2 30 ℡  Ios përmkmos Kº Z  ce  ce ci kemunkmf cs7 P  O 2 (?40ª)º(0.01 ℡) 2 ?4>= T.  Ios përmkmos Kº Z  ce  ce ci nkrnuktf mc nobpf cs7 P AA  2 (3ª)º(30 ℡) 2 ?:30 T.    Ios përmkmos ce ios csnfjkiios o piceo nordo, cs7 PC^N  2 :Q/(?40 O) 2 >=0 T Ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics o piceo nordo sfe cqukvoicetcs o ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics ce vonâf, pucstf quc ios vcifnkmomcs mc vonâf y mc piceo nordo mci bftfr ef mkakcrce bunhf. Cstos përmkmos pucmce hoiiorsc mctcrbkeoemf io pftcenko mc cetromo oi nkrnuktf mci kemunkmf ce vonâf y supfekcemf quc ios përmkmos ce ci nfjrc mci kemunkmf y pfr noâmo ce ios csnfjkiios sfe mcsprcnkojics, if nuoi skdekakno quc io pftcenko mc cetromo mci kemunkmf ce vonâf cs kduoi o ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics7 P ]F]  ]F]  2 P ESNICF ESNICF + P BCN  BCN  2 (:=0 Q)(?>.: O) 2 >?18 T  O) ^k io nordo c cs s efbkeoi, io pftcenko pftcenko mc c cetromo etromo mc c cstc stc bftfr cstï cstï momo pfr pfr P CE]  CE]  2 Q]   K I 2 (:30 Q)(?43 O) 2 => 430 T Io pftcenko mc soikmo cs< P ^OI „ P C^N  „ P NS  „ P ESNICF ^OI 2 P CE]  CE]   „ C^N   „ NS   „ ESNICF - P BK^N  BK^N   2 => 430 T - >=0 T  „ ?4>= T „ ?:30 T „ >?18 T „ 0.0?(=> 430 T) 2 >1 8:0 T j) Io caknkcenko mc cstc bftfr o piceo nordo cs 7 e2 P ^OI/PCE] 2 >1 8:0 T/(=> 430 T) 2 0.8=:

;.?: PZON]KNO MC OS]FNFBPZFJONKFE ?.

_uë suncmc nfe io tceskþe kemunkmo ce ue bftfr nn oi oubcetor io nordo

:.

_uë suncmc nfe io vcifnkmom mc rftonkþe mc ue bftfr nn oi oubcetor io nordo.

>.

Ci skdukcetc skdukcetc bftfr, sc nfecnto ce

mcrkvonkþe, prcsceto io ios skdukcetcs norontcrâstknos cqukvoicetc

y

ci

nkrnuktf

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Pïdkeo ?? 

Ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics cqukvoice o >330 T o piceo nordo. Io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe sc bucstro ce io akduro7 o) ^k sc ogusto io rcskstcenko Zomg ce ?43 Ϋ. Nuïi cs io vcifnkmom mc rftonkþe mci bftfr ce nfemknkfecs mc vonâf. j) ^k ef cxkstc rconnkþe mci kemunkmf, ¶nuïi cs io vcifnkmom mci bftfr o piceo nordo6 ¶Nuïi cs io rcduionkþe mc vcifnkmom mci bftfr6 n) ^k ci bftfr cstï fpcroe fpcroemf mf o piceo nordo y su rcskstcenko vorkojic Zomg oubceto o :30 Ϋ, ¶nuïi cs io eucvo vcifnkmom mci bftfr6. Nfbporc io vcifnkmom mci bftfr, o piceo nordo Zomg

2?43 Ϋ, nfe io vcifnkmom v cifnkmom o piceo nordo sk Zomg 2:30 Ϋ, (supfedo quc ef hoy rconnkþe mci kemunkmf) m) ^upfedo quc ci bftfr cstï fpcroemf o piceo nordo y su rcskstcenko vorkojic Zomg cs ?43Ϋ. ^k o pioeo nordo io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf cs ?:00 O-vucito. ¶Nuïi cs io vcifnkmom mci bftfr6 ¶Nþbf pucmc nfbpororsc nfe ci rcsuitomf ce j) c) ^k Zomg pucmc scr ogustomo mc ?00 o =00 ℡. ¶nuïics sfe ios vcifnkmomcs bïxkbo y bâekbo pfskjics mc cstc bftfr ce vonâf. a) ¶Nuïi cs io nfrrkcetc mc orroequc mc csto bïqukeo, sk orroeno nfecntïemfio mkrcntobcetc o io aucetc mc pftcenko Q]6 ¶Nþbf sc nfbporo csto nfrrkcetc mc orroequc nfe io nfrrkcetc o piceo nordo6 d) Mkjugc io norontcrâstkno por-vcifnkmom mc cstc bftfr supfekcemf quc ef hoy rconnkþe mci kemunkmf y quc io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf o piceo nordo cs ?:00 O-vucito. =. Ohfro ci bftfr cs rcnfecntom rcnfecntomf f nfe cxnktonkþe scporomo, nuyf nkrnuktf sc bucstro ce io akduro. Ci bftfr tkcec ue vfitogc mc nobpf akgf QA 2 :=0 Q y ue vfitogc mci kemunkmf quc pucmc vorkor cetrc ?:0 y :=0 Q. o) Nuïi cs io vcifnkmom mc vonâf mc cstc bftfr nfe cxnktonkþe scporomo nuoemf Zomg2?43 ℡  poro Q O2?:0 Q, Q O2?80 Q, Q O2:=0 Q, j) Nuïi cs io bïxkbo vcifnkmom vcifnkmom mc vonâf sk vorâoe Q O nfbf Zomg n) Nuïi cs io bâekb vcifnkmom mc vonâf sk vorâoe Q O nfbf Zomg

 

BO_SKEO^ CICN]ZKNO^

3.

Prfa. Ked. Bs. Nësor Iþpcz O

Pïdkeo ?: 

Q?->0-?0-:0?1

Oi prfjor ue bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe mcrkv onkþe mc >00 hp, ==0 Q, 310 O y 81> rpb, sc fjtuvf fjtuv f ifs skdukcetcs motfs7 Prucjo mc rftfr jifqucomf Q O2?1.> Q cxniukmo ios csnfjkiios

K O 2 300 O

QA 2 ==0 Q

KA 2 8.81 O

K O 2 :>.? O

KA 2 8.41 Q

e 2 81> ZPB

Fpcronkþe ce vonâf Q O2?1.> Q keniukmo ios csnfjkiios csnfjkii os

¶Nuïi cs io caknkcenko mci bftfr ce nfemknkfecs efbkeoics(supfedo quc io noâmo ce ios csnfjkiios cs : Q, ios përmkmos ce ci e÷nicf mcjce mctcrbkeorsc o ue vfitogc mci kemunkmf kduoi oi vfitogc mci kemunkmf o piceo nordo y ios përmkmos bksnciïecos cqukvoice o ?% o piceo nordo. 1.

Nuoemf ue bftfr nn ce mcrkvonkþe mc 4.3 hp, ?:0 Q y ?000 rpb fpcro ce nfemknkfecs nfemknk fecs efbkeoics, io nfrrkcetc mci kemunkmf cs 10 O o piceo nordo. Io rcskstcenko mci kemunkmf mci bftfr cs Z  O  2 0.?: ℡ y io rcskstcenko mc nobpf Z AA  2 =0 ℡. Io rcskstcenko ogustojic ce ci nkrnuktf mc nobpf Zomg   pucmc vorkor ce ci nobpf mc 0 o ?00 ℡, pcrf efrboibcetc sc akgo ce 30 ℡. Io rconnkþe mci kemunkmf pucmc scr kdefromo. Io nurvo mc bodectkzonkþe mc cstc bftfr, trozomo poro io vcifnkmom mc ?000 rpb, cstï momo ce afrbo tojuior7

C O, Q

3

48

;3

??:

??8

?:1

K A, O

0.00

0.80

?.00

?.:8

?.==

:.88

o) ¶Nuïi cs io vcifnkmom mc cstc bftfr nuoemf nuoemf cstï dkroemf ce ios nfemknkfecs nfemknkfecs efbkeoics cspcnkaknomos oetcs6 j) Io pftcenko mc soikmo mci bftfr cs 4.3 hp ce nfemknkfecs efbkeoics ¶Nuïi cs ci por mc soikmo mci bftfr6 n)

¶Nuïics sfe ios përmkmos mce ci nfjrc y ios përmkmos rftonkfeoics ce ci bftfr o piceo nordo (kdefrc ios përmkmos bksnciïecos)

m) Nuïi cs io c caknkcenk aknkcenko o mci bftfr o piceo nordo6

4.

Csnrkjo mkcz fronkfecs quc mcsnrkjoe ci auenkfeobkcetf mci bftfr mc nfrrkcetc nfetâeuo. ]ktuif Bïqukeos ciëntrknos - Ci bftfr mc nfrrkcetc nfetkeuo  Outfr 7 Govkcr Bcmcrfs Bcmcrfs Ceionc