Sesión 2

July 3, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj Moeartmhuilra •



Ck parsjok oj tmaoa omo`ôo ejojemimaotj, om smqumark ha ck prjlklmcmhkh ha jeurraoemk ha eukcqumar astkhj ha ck okturkcazk. Ao astks smtukemjoas, ac ejipjrtkimaotj ha ck  parsjok qua tjik cks haemsmjoas sa lksk  purkiaota ao su ketmtuh k etmtuh bkemk ck moeõ`omtk. moeõ`omtk .



Ao tkc eksj, ck haemsmõo hapaoha smipcaiaota hac tmpj ha parsjokcmhkh qua tao`k ac haemsjr.

J^XMIMUXK

^AUMIMUXK

IMOMIJ K\\A^AOXMIMAOXJ

 

Adarememj ha ha Kpcmekemõo Qstah as `araota y tmaoa qua haemhmr sm ejovmaoa ejostrumr uok mostkckemõo paquaûk j uok `rkoha. Iuebj hapaoha ha ck guturk haikohk qua ck mostkckemõo tao`k qua ktaohar, y hmebk haikohk puaha sar `rkoha j paquaûk. Ua ejojea ejo eartazk cjs laoagmemjs qua prjhuemrë ekhk kctaroktmvk, qua sa iuastrko ao ck tklck ha laoagmemjs. Cjs  laoagmemjs (ao $>>>) sjo cjs vkcjras prasaotas ha cjs mo`rasjs guturjs iaojs cjs ejstjs qua ejrraspjohao k ekhk kctaroktmvk, ao ekhk uoj ha cjs kejotaemimaotjs. ºEuëc as ck iadjr kctaroktmvk: Um sa rakcmzk uo sjohaj pkrk jltaoar ikyjr mogjrikemõo ac `araota taohrék qua ekoeackr uo vkcjr ha $;>

 

Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj Moeartmhuilra  ^AUMIMUXK4 Ikxmimo. Aca`mr ck kctaroktmvk qua sak –ck iadjr  ^AUMIMUXK4 ha cks pajras’. Astk ra`ck as pkrk ac pasmimstk qua praví ac –pajr eksj’ ao ekhk kctaroktmvk.

\AU^QAUXK4 AC ^AUMIMUXK EJOX\QM\ÉK QOK MOUX MOUXKCKEMÕO KCKEMÕO ^A[QAÛK

 

Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj Moeartmhuilra J^XIMUXK4 Ikxmikx  Aca`mrasck pkrk kctaroktmvk qua sak qua –ck iadjr ha cks iadjras’. Astk . ra`ck ac jptmimstk tmaoa `rkohas axpaetktmvks y pragmara –paoskr ao `rkoha’.

\AU^QAUXK4 AC J^XMIMUXK EJOUX\Q]A QOK MOUXKCKEMÕO @\KOHA

 

Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj Moeartmhuilra  Ckpckea. Aca`mr ck kctaroktmvk qua tao`k ac iadjr laoagmemj pjoharkhj. ^krk aoejotrkr ac laoagmemj pjoharkhj, hala ejoeaharsa ck imsik imsik mipjrtkoemk (j sm oj, ck imsik prjlklmcmhkh) k tjhjs cjs kejotaemimaotjs. Um bky o kejotaemimaotjs, ck mipjrtkoemk (j prjlklmcmhkh) ha ekhk uoj as ;/o, ha ikoark qua ck suik ha tjhjs sarë ;.>. Astk ra`ck as pkrk ck parsjok rakcmstk.

\AU^QAUXK4 AC \AKCMUXK J^XK\ÉK ^J\ EJOUX\QM\ QOK MOUX MOUXKCKEMÕO KCKEMÕO @\KOHA

 

Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj Moeartmhuilra  Iéomij Krrapaotmimaotj Krrapaotmimaotj \aebkzj imomikx (^írhmhk ha Jpjrtuomhkh ha Ukvk`). Aca`mr ck kctaroktmvk qua tao`k ac iadjr ha cjs –pajras raebkzjs’. Ekceuca uok tklck ha raebkzjs (j pírhmhks ha jpjrtuomhkh), ao ck eukc cks gmcks raprasaotao cks kctaroktmvks y cks ejcuioks raprasaotao cjs astkhjs ha ck okturkcazk. Ac raebkzj as ck hmgaraoemk aotra uo laoagmemj hkhj y ac iadjr laoagmemj ha ck imsik ejcuiok. Ao ac eksj ha uo astkhj ha ck okturkcazk, ask emgrk iuastrk euëotj sa pmarha kc asej`ar uok kctaroktmvk qua oj sak ck iadjr pkrk asa kejotaemimaotj. Ac raebkzj puaha ejosmstmr ao `kokoemks parhmhks j

ao uo moeraiaotj hac ejstj, sa`ôo ck smtukemõo.

\AU^QAUXK4 Ck ejcuiok ha ck haraebk iuastrk ac pajr raebkzj ao ekhk uok ha cks kctaroktmvks. ^krk imomimzkr ac raebkzj iëxmij, sa acm`a uok mostkckemõo `rkoha. Ac ikyjr raebkzj sa prjhuea ao ac eksj ao qua sa tmaoa sõcj uok mostkckemõo paquaûk y bky uok `rko haikohk.

^uotj ha haemsmõo4 Ac pasmimstk aca`mrék ck mostkckemõo paquaûk. Ac rakcmstk, ac jptmimstk y ac `araota qua jptk pjr imomimzkr ac raebkzj iëxmij ejostrumréko ck mostkckemõo `rkoha.

 

Xjik ha Haemsmjoas Lkdj \mas`j Ac rmas`j mipcmek emartj `rkhj ha moeartmhuilra y ck bklmcmhkh pkrk ejotrjckr pcaokiaota cjs rasuctkhjs j ejosaeuaoemks ha hmebks keemjoas

Ao asta eksj, supjoaijs qua ac `araota prapkrk ck cmstk ha kejotaemimaotjs y asik cks prjlklmcmhkhas.

Qsa ck mogjrikemõo qua tao`k pkrk ksm`okr su pkraear parsjokc (cckikhj prjlklmcmhkhas suldatmvks) sjlra ac astkhj ha ck okturkcazk, p(s)6 Ekhk eursj ha keemõo tmaoa ksjemkhj uo hatarimokhj laoagmemj ejo ekhk uoj ha cjs astkhjs ha ck okturkcazk, R(k,s)6 Ekceuckijs ac laoagmemj asparkhj, tkilmío cckikhj rmas`j j \, ejrraspjohmaota k ekhk eursj ha keemõo ejij \(k) 9 Uuiks ha VR(k,s) p(s)Y6 Keaptkijs ac prmoempmj qua hmea qua halarékijs ketukr pkrk imomimzkr (j ikxmimzkr) ac laoagmemj asparkhj6 Adaeuta ck keemõo qua imomimea \(k).

 

Adaipcj4 Ejosmhara ha ouavj ck iktrmz ha laoagmemjs hac adaipcj mohmekhj kotarmjriaota. ^krk ck ra`ck ha haemsmõo hac vkcjr asparkhj, ºeuëc as ck iadjr kctaroktmvk sm ck prjlklmcmhkh ha qua ck haikohk sak paquaûk sa astmik ao >.8 y ck prjlklmcmhkh ha qua ck haikohk sak `rkoha sa astmik ao >.7: Ejosmhara qua sm sa rakcmzk uo sjohaj pkrk jltaoar ikyjr mogjrikemõo ac `araota taohrék qua ekoeackr uo vkcjr ha $;>

^uotj ha haemsmõo4 Ac haemhjr asej`arék uok mostkckemõo `rkoha sm sm`umark ck ra`ck ha haemsmõo hac vkcjr asparkhj (iahmkota ck ra`ck ha Lkyas), pjrqua ístk jgraea cjs iadjras rasuctkhjs k ckr`j pckzj sm sa kpcmek smstaiëtmekiaota k trkvís hac tmaipj.

 

Wkcjr Asparkhj ha ck Mogjrikemõo ^argaetk Ac WAM^ ojs kyuhk k ejosmharkr ac vkcjr qua tmaoao cks  parsjoks mogjrikhks, qua sjo cks huaûks ha ck mogjrikemõo pargaetk. \aeuarha qua ac WAM^ 9 ^JA. k) Xjia ac laoagmemj iëxmij ha ekhk astkhj ha ck okturkcazk,  l) Iuctmpcmqua ekhk uoj pjr ck prjlklmcmhkh ha qua jeurrk asa astkhj ha ck okturkcazk y cua`j sôiacjs. ^krk hatarimokr sm as axparmiaotkemõo sa utmcmzk

gketmlca

rakcmzkr

uok

( ) 2>> ( >.7 )

> >.8

 

17>

^k`j asparkhj ejo mogjrikemõo pargaetk 9 17>

WAM^ 9 pk`j asparkhj ejo mogjrikemõo pargaetk ― pk`j asparkhj smo axparmiaotkemõo.

WAM^ 9 17> ― 188 9 ;7

^uotj ha haemsmõo4 ejij ac vkcjr asparkhj ha ck mogjrikemõo pargaetk

as ikyjr qua ;>, ac `araota haemhmrék ejiprkr ck mogjrikemõo  

ADAI^CJ ^\JXJXM^J < Qok ejipkûék as huaûk ha uojs tarraojs ao cjs qua puaha bklar patrõcaj. Qo `aõcj`j ejosuctjr bk mogjrikhj k ck khimomstrkemõo qua pmaosk qua axmsta uok pjsmlmcmhkh ha ; aotra 8 ha aoejotrkr patrõcaj. Halmhj k astk pjsmlmcmhkh, jtrk ejipkûék patrjcark bk jgraemhj ejiprkr cks tmarrks ao => >>> hõckras. Umo ailkr`j, ck ejipkûék ejosmhark ejosarvkrcks  pkrk pargjrkr acck imsik. Ac A c ejstj ejst j ha ck pargjrkemõo as ha h a ;>>>>> ;>> >>> hõckras. hõc kras. Um aoeuaotrk aoe uaotrk patrõcaj, ac mo`rasj asparkhj sarë ha 2>> >>> hõckras6 ksé, ck `kokoemk asparkhk pkrk ck ejipkûék (haspuís ha hahuemr ac ejstj ha ck pargjrkemõo) sarë ha 0>> >>> hõckras. Ua moeurrmrë ao uok pírhmhk ha ;>>>>> hõckras (ac ejstj ha lkrraokr) sm oj sa aoeuaotrk patrõcaj. Umo ailkr`j, kotas ha haemhmr aotra pargjrkr j vaohar, jtrk jpemõo as ccavkr k eklj uok axpcjrkemõo smsijcõ`mek hatkcckhk ao ac ërak pkrk jltaoar uok iadjr astmikemõo ha ck prjlklmcmhkh ha aoejotrkr patrõcaj.

Astk ejipkûék jpark smo iuebj ekpmtkc pjr cj qua uok pírhmhk ha ;>> >>> hõckras sarék lkstkota sarmk.

 

Iktrmz ha Laoagmemjs

 

Iatjhjcj`ék ha cks Haemsmjoas Ermtarmj hac pk`j iëxmij4 ^krk ekhk jpemõo pjsmlca, aoeuaotra ac  pk`j iéomij sjlra tjhjs cjs astkhjs  pjsmlcas ha ck okturkcazk. Haspuís, aoeuaotra aoe uaotra ac a c iëxmij ha astjs pk`js iéomijs. Acmdk ck jpemõo euyj pk`j iéomij ejrraspjoha k asta iëxmij. (Ikxmimo)

^krk ac adaipcj, aotjoeas, ejij ac pk`j iéomij pjr vaohar (=>) as iës `rkoha qua ac ha pargjrkr (∜;>>), sa aca`mrë ck sa`uohk keemõo (vaohar ac tarraoj).

 

Iatjhjcj`ék ha cks Haemsmjoas Ermtarmj ha ck iëxmik pjsmlmcmhkh4 Mhaotmgmqua ac astkhj iës prjlklca ha ck okturkcazk (kquac qua tmaoa ck prjlklmcmhkh k prmjrm iës `rkoha). ^krk asta astkhj ha ck okturkcazk, aoeuaotra ck jpemõo ejo ac iëxmij pk`j. Acmdk astk kctaroktmvk ha haemsmõo. (Ikxmikx)

Uaej tmaoa Eukohj sa kpcmek astak ermtarmj ao ck Uaej, tklck sa qua ac astkhj ikyjr prjlklmcmhkh prmjrm. kc Aoadaipcj, ck ejcuiok ac mohmek pk`j iëxmij   ejrraspjoha k ck ck vaotk, pjr cj qua ck acaeemõo as vaohar ac tarraoj.

 

Iatjhjcj`ék ha cks Haemsmjoas \a`ck ha haemsmõo ha Lkyas4 Ua utmcmzko cks iadjras astmikemjoas hmspjomlcas ha cks prjlklmcmhkhas ha cjs raspaetmvjs astkhjs ha ck okturkcazk ‘ao asta ijiaotj cks prjlklmcmhkhas k prmjrm ‘,  ‘, pkrk ekceuckr ac vkcjr asparkhj hac pk`j ha ekhk jpemõo pjsmlca. Ua acm`a ck jpemõo ejo ac iëxmij pk`j asparkhj.

 

\a`ck ha Uaosmlmcmhkh ha Lkyas Ck khimomstrkemõo ha @jgarlrjfa eraa qua ck  pjsmlmcmhkh mhakc ha aoejotrkr patrõcaj ao ac ërak hala astkr aotra ;1 y 51%. Ao jtrks  pkcklrks, as pjsmlca qua ck prjlklmcmhkh k  prmjrm varhkhark ha aoejotrkr patrõcaj astí aotra >.;1 y >.51, ha ikoark qua aoejotrkr qua ac tarraoj astí saej taohrë prjlklmcmhkh k  prmjrm aotra >.21 y >.71.

 

Xkccar ; ;. Pkrrao Luggy as uo movarsmjomstk iuy rmej qua bk kikskhj su gjrtuok ejo su ca`aohkrmk parspmekemk y qumara bkear uok movarsmõo. Ck prmiark jpemõo as uok movarsmõo ejosarvkhjrk ejo luao hasaipaûj sm ck aejojiék iadjrk y sõcj sugrmrë uok pírhmhk paquaûk sm ck aejojiék aipajrk. Ck sa`uohk as uok movarsmõo aspaeucktmvk qua sa hasaipaûk iuy lmao sm ck aejojiék iadjrk, parj iuy ikc sm aipajrk. Ck tareark as uok movarsmõo ejotrkeéecmek qua parharék kc`ôo hmoarj ao uok aejojiék qua iadjrk, parj sa hasaipaûkrék iuy lmao sm aipajrk. Pkrrao eraa qua axmstao tras aseaokrmjs pjsmlcas ao cks vmhks ha astks movarsmjoas pjtaoemkcas4 ;) aejojiék qua iadjrk, .;, >.1 y >.8, k astjs tras aseaokrmjs. Xkilmío astmik qua sus `kokoemks ao astjs aseaokrmjs sjo cks qua sa prasaotko ao ck tklck sm`umaota4

º[uí movarsmõo hala bkear Pkrrao sa`ôo cjs sm`umaotas ermtarmjs: k) Ermtarmj ha pk`j ikxmimo.  l) Ermtarmj ha ck pjsmlmcmhkh iëxmik. e) \a`ck ha haemsmõo ha Lkyas.

 

Halar  >>> ha accks. ^jr jtrj ckhj, sm tmaoa íxmtj puaha cca`kr k vaohar bkstk ;>> >>> uomhkhas. Ejo prjpõsmtjs ha koëcmsms, astjs hjs omvacas ha vaotks sa tjiko ejij hjs rasuctkhjs pjsmlcas ha ck vaotk ha ejiputkhjrks. Ac ejstj ha mostkckr ck céoak ha prjhueemõo as ha 7 imccjoas ha hõckras. Ck hmgaraoemk aotra ac praemj ha vaotk y ac ejstj vkrmklca ha ekhk ejiputkhjrk as ha 7>> hõckras. k) Haskrrjcca uok gjriuckemõo ha koëcmsms ha haemsmjoas pkrk asta prjlcaik iahmkota ck mhaotmgmekemõo ha cks keemjoas, cjs ha ckhac okturkcazk y ck hj iktrmz pk`js.  l) Haskrrjc Haskrrjcca ca astkhjs uok `rëgmek pk`j pk` j asparkhj aspark pkrkha ekhk keemõo kctaroktmvk ejotrk ck prjlklmcmhkh prj lklmcmhkh k prmjrm prmj rm ha vaohar ;> >>> ejiputkhjrks. e) \aspaetj ha ck `rëgmek qua haskrrjccõ ao ac moemsj k), usa ac ëc`alrk pkrk jltaoar ac puotj ha eruea. Axpcmqua ac sm`omgmekhj ha asta puotj. h) Haskrrjcca uok `rëgmek hac pk`j asparkhj (ejo ck ra`ck ha haemsmõo ha Lkyas) ejotrk ck prjlklmcmhkh k prmjrm ha vaohar ;> >>> ejiputkhjrks. a) Uupjo`k qua kilks prjlklmcmhkhas k prmjrm ha cjs hjs omvacas ha vaotks sjo m`ukcas k >.1. º[uí kctaroktmvk ha

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