Sesión 2 - Opciones

 

Hpidhgjs Odgmgzms Ihrphrmtvms DD

0 =

 

¸]uä shg cms hpidhgjs8

 

¸]uä shg cms hpidhgjs8 • Zgm Hpidùg js ug ihgrmh quj nm m su ihkprmnhr jc njrjifh, pjrh gh cm h`cdbmidùg, m ihkprmr h vjgnjr mitvhs ccmkmnhs –su`ymijgjs‛ ihkh miidhgjs, ug ouurh nj ëgndij ihkh jc njc DQI h ndvdsms, m ug prjidh prjnjjrkdgmnh ccmkmnh –Qrjidh nj Jljrididh‛ Jljrididh‛,, h Yrdej jg h mgjs nj ugm ojifm ihgirjm njghkdgmnm –ojifm nj vjgidkdjgh‛ vjgidkdjgh‛.. • Jxdsjg nhs icmsjs nj Hpidhgjs< Imcc Imcc   y Qu.. Qu

 

¸]uä shg cms hpidhgjs8 • Khnh nj mpcmzmr ugm dgvjrsdùg fmsm ihgmr ihg kís dgohrkmidùg. • Js ug ihgrmh jg vdrun njc iumc< • Yj ihkprm fhy  fhy  jc njrjifh m ihkprmr (Imcc), Imcc), h m vjgnjr (Qu), ug mitvh

gmgidjrh (Mitvh su`ymijgj), (Mitvh su`ymijgj ), ),jgm ug jc hpidùg), ouurh (_jgidkdjgh (_jgidkdjgh nj cm hpidùg prjidh njjrkdgmnh (Qrjidh (Qrjidh nj jljrididh jljrididh). ). • Qhr cm ihkprm nj jsj njrjifh sj pmbm ug prjidh ccmkmnh Qrdkm Qrdkm..

 

Hpidùg Imcc • Zgm Hpidùg Imcc js ug ihgrmh quj nm m su ihkprmnhr jc njrjifh, pjrh gh cm

h`cdbmidùg, m mug prjidh ihkprmr ug mitvh su`ymijgj prjnjjrkdgmnh h Qrjidh nj Jljrididh, jg h mgjs nj ugm ojifm ihgirjm njghkdgmnm –Ojifm nj • _jgidkdjgh‛. Jc vjgnjnhr nj cm Hpidùg Imcc tjgj cm h`cdbmidùg nj vjgnjr jc mitvh jg jc imsh nj quj jc ihkprmnhr jljrzm jc njrjifh m

ihkprmr.

 

Hpidùg Imcc • Cms Hpidhgjs gh pmbmg ndvdnjgnhs m sus jgjnhrjs. Qmrm ih`rmr ug ndvdnjgnh, jc jljrididh nj ug Imcc tjgj quj shcdidmrsj m kís mrnmr iumrh nëms fí`dcjs mgjs njc pmbh njc ndvdnjgnh. • Qhr jljkpch, sd sj tjgj ihkprmnm ugm Hpidùg nj ihkprm h –Imcc‛ y cm miidùg pmbm ndvdnjgnhs

ug lujvjs, pmrm rjid`dr chs mndvdnjgnhs nj`jrí jljrijr jc vdjrgjs mgjrdhr kís mrnmr, pmrm quj cm hpjrmidùg nj rjbdsrh jg @hcsm sj fmbm jc cugjs ihg jc iupùg dgicudnh, cdqudnígnhsj jc kmrjs y phr mgh sj jgbm njrjifh mc ndvdnjgnh.

 

Imsh rjmc (Imcc) Qrjidhs nj cms hpidhgjs nj ihkprm nj Bhhbcj (=9 nj kmyh nj 01=: Qrjidh nj cms miidhgjs< hojrtm :90.01, hojrtm :90.9>)

Yrdej Qrdij ($)

Lugj @dn

Lugj Hjr

Yjp @dn

Yjp Hjr

Nji @dn

Nji Hjr

>2:

:2.41

?=.61

??.11

?6.41

29.:1

2?.:1

:11

9>.61

92.=1

>:.41

>2.41

:>.41

:?.?1

:0: ::1

=?.21 :.?1

=2.91 ?.01

91.>1 =6.?1

9=.91 =4.>1

>1.01 06.=1

>=.=1 04.11

:2:

=.::

=.61

=1.:1

==.91

=6.61

01.01

 

Hpidùg Qut • Zgm Hpidùg Qu nm m su ihkprmnhr jc njrjifh, pjrh gh cm h`cdbmidùg, m vjgnjr

ug mitvh ug prjidhjgprjnjjrkdgmnh h Qrjidh nj mJljrididh, h mgjs nj ugm ojifm ihgirjm ccmkmnm –Ojifm nj _jgidkdjgh‛. • Jc vjgnjnhr nj cm Hpidùg Qu tjgj cm h`cdbmidùg nj ihkprmr jc mitvh jg imsh quj jc ihkprmnhr nj cm Hpidùg jljrzm jc njrjifh m vjgnjr jc mitvh.

 

Imsh rjmc (Qut) Qrjidhs nj cms hpidhgjs nj vjgtm nj Bhhbcj (0: nj lugdh nj 01=: Ythie Qrdij< hojrtm :90.01, hojrtm :90.9>)

Yrdej

Lugj

Lugj

Yjp

Yjp

Nji

Nji

Qrdij ($)

@dn

Hjr

@dn

Hjr

@dn

Hjr

>2:

1.4:

=.1:

:.:1

4.01

=0.:1

=:.01

:11

  0.4:

9.91

=9.11

=9.61

0=.91

00.=1

:0: ::1

4.>1 00.41

4.41 0>.>1

00.>1 9:.01

09.01 9?.>1

9=.91 >>.=1

90.11 >:.11

:2:

>0.21

>:.61

:=.41

:9.:1

:4.21

?=.11

^hkmnh ^hkmnh nj< Ougnmkjgmcs ho Ouurjs mgn Hpthgs Kmrejs, 4f

Jn, If =, Ihpyrdbf © Lhfg I. Fucc 01=?  

Icmsjs nj miidhgjs • Hpidùg jurhpjm< jurhpjm< Yùch pujnj jljrijrsj jg cm ojifm nj vjgidkdjgh jspjidimnm. • Hpidùg mkjrdimgm< mkjrdimgm< Qujnj jljrijrsj jg iumcqudjr khkjgh fmsm su ojifm nj vjgidkdjgh

 

Mitdvhs sh`rj chs quj sj mpcdimg • Ihkprjgnjg ugm brmg imgtnmn nj mitvhs h`ljh

(su`ymijgjs), (su`ymijg mcjs m) Mitv itvhsjs), Odg dgmg mgid idjjrhihkh< s • Miidhgjs, ndvdsms, msms nj dgjräs • Ëgndijs miidhgmrdhs - sh`rj

ouurhs

`) Hrhs Mi Mitvhs • Qrhnuihs mbrëihcms. • Ihkkhndtjs (Qjrùcjh, ih`rj, hrh, ji.)

 

^jrkdghchbëm utdcdzmnm • Cmrbh jg ugm hpidùg< hpidùg< Js qudjg tjgj jc njrjifh quj hhrbm cm Hpidùg (m ihkprmr h vjgnjr)   Njghkdgmnh jgjnhr nj hpidùg •

Hpidùg cmrbm jg hpidùg nj ihkprm ; ^jgjnhr hpidùg nj ihkprm

•

Hpidùg cmrbm jg hpidùg nj vjgm ; ^jgjnhr hpidùg nj vjgm

• Ihrh jg ugm hpidùg< hpidùg< Js qudjg tjgj cm h`cdbmidùg quj hhrbm cm Hpidùg (m ihkprmr h vjgnjr)   Njghkdgmnh cmgzmnhr nj cm hpidùg • Hpidùg ihrm jg hpidùg nj ihkprm ; Cmgzmnhr nj cm hpidùg nj ihkprm • Hpidùg ihrm jg hpidùg nj vjgm ; Cmgzmnhr nj hpidùg nj n j vjgm

 

^jrkdghchbëm utdcdzmnm jg jc ihgtrmth • Mitvh H`ljh< Mitvh ihgrmh ihgrmh nj cm hpidùg. • Qrjidh nj Jljrididh (Yrdej Qrdij)< Js jc prjidh jstpucmnh jg jc ihgrmh

mc quj sj jojiüm jc njrjifh quj nm cm hpidùg. • Qrdkm< Js jc Qrjidh nj cm hpidùg . • Jljrididh< Yj rjjrj m cm njidsdùg njc jgjnhr (Ihkprmnhr) nj rjqujrdr mc (h hCmgzmnhr) (njjkdshr ihkprmr vjgnjr). quj iukpcm ihg cms ihgndidhgjs njc ihgrmh • Qcmzh< Js jc pjrdhnh nj tjkph jg jc iumc sj pujnj jljrijr cm hpidùg.

 

^jrkdghchbëm utdcdzmnm jg jc ihgtrmth • @rjme Jvjg Qhdg< Js jc _mchr quj nj`j jgjr jc Mitvh H`ljh pmrm quj jc ^jgjnhr ^jgjnhr nj cm hpidùg gh jgbm utcdnmn gd pjrndnms. Q Qmbm mbm jc ihs ihsh h nj

cm Qrdkm. • Dg fj Khgjy< Mqujccm hpidùg quj prhnuij ug ulh nj imlm phsdtvh sd oujsj jljridnm dgkjndmmkjg dgkjndmmkjgj. j. • M fj khgjy< Qrhnuij ug ulh nj imlm ijrh sd js jljridnm dgkjndmmkjgj. • Hu ho fj Khgjy< Qrhnuij ug ulh nj imlm gjbmtv gj bmtvh h sd js jljridnm.

 

^jrkdghchbëm utdcdzmnm jg jc ihgtrmth • _mchr Dgrëgsjih< Js jc kíxdkh jgrj ijrh y jc vmchr quj jgnrëm cm hpidùg sd oujsj jljridnm dgkjndmmkjg dgkjndmmkjgj. j. • _mchr tjkph< Js cm pmrj njc vmchr nj cm hpidùg quj sj mrd`uyj mc tjkph rjkmgjgj quj tjgj cm hpidùg fmsm su vjgidkdjgh.

Qrdkm ; _mchr Dgrëgsjih + _mchr ^djkph

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm • Omihr Omihrjs js nj chs quj njpjgnj cm prdkm< m) `) i) n)

_mchr mchr njc njc mitv mitvh h h`lj h`ljh h Qrjidh idh nj nj jlj jljrridid ididh h ^djkph _hcmtcdnmn

jo)) ^Nmdvsmdnnj njjgndg dghsjräs

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm m) _mchr mchr nj njcc mmit itvh vh h` h`lj ljh h • M kmyhr prjidh njc mitvh h`ljh kmyhr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Imcc. • M kmyhr prjidh njc mitvh h`ljh kjghr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Qu.

Qrjidh nj cm Qut

Qrjidh nj cm Imcc

Imcc

 Mitdvh H`ljth

Qut

 Mitdvh H`ljth

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm `) Qr Qrji jidh dh nj Jl Jljr jrid idid idh h • M kmyhr prjidh nj jljrididh kjghr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Imcc (pujs js prh`m`cj quj pujnm ihkprmr jc mitvh su`ymijgj m ug prjidh kjghr mc njc prjidh nj jljrididh) • M kjghr prjidh prjidh nj jljrididh kjghr sjrí jc pr prjidh jidh nj cm Qu (pujs js prh`m`cj quj pujnm vjgnjr phr jgidkm njc prjidh nj jljrididh)

Qrjidh nj cm Qut

Qrjidh nj cm Imcc

Imcc

Qrjidh nj jljrididh

Qrjidh nj jljrididh

Qut

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm i) Qcm Qcmzh zh mc vjg vjgidk idkdjg djgh h (Hp (Hpidù idùg gM Mkjr kjrdim dimgm) gm) •

M kmyhr pcmzh mc vjgidkdjgh kmyhr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Imcc y nj cm Qu.

Qrjidh nj

Qrjidh nj

cm Imcc

cm Qut

Imcc

Qcmzh mc vjgidkdjgth

Qut

Qcmzh mc vjgidkdjgth

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm n) ^msm nj dg dgj jrä räss •

M kmyhr msm nj dgjräs cd`rj nj rdjsbh kmyhr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Imcc.

•

M kmyhr msm nj dgjräs cd`rj nj rdjsbh kjghr sjrí jc prjidh nj cm Qu.

Qrjidh nj cm Imcc

Qrjidh cm Qutnj

^msm nj dgtjräs

^msm nj dgtjräs

Imcc

Qut

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm j) Ndvdnjgnhs Jxrmjg pmrj nj chs ulhs dgicudnhs jg chs prjidhs nj cm miidùg. Mc pmbmrsj jc jc prjidh mitvh (phs ndvdnjgnh).-Cms hpidhgjs Imcc ndvdnjgnh `mlmríg, cms`mlm hpidhgjs Qunjc su`dríg njh`ljh prjidh.-

Qrjidh nj

Qrjidh nj

cm Imcc

cm Qut

Ndvdnjgnhs

Imcc

Ndvdnjgnhs

Qut

 

Omithrjs quj mojitmg cm prdkm Imcc

Qut

Imcc

Jurhpjm

Qut

Mkjrdimgm

Qrjidh nj cm

+

-

+

-

miidùg Qrjidh nj jljrididh

-

+

-

+

Ojifm nj

8

8

+

+

vjgidkdjgth _hcmtdcdnmn

+

+

+

+

^msm n njj dgtjräs

+

-

+

-

Ndvdnjgnhs

-

+

-

+

 

@jgjodidh nj vjgtm nj Imcc @jgjidh nj ihkprmr ugm hpidùg Imcc jurhpjm< prjidh nj hpidùg ; $ :, prjidh nj jljrididh ; $ =11. 91 Qrhodt ($) 01 =1 21 1 -:

61

41

=11

^jrkdgmc sthie prdij ($) ==1 =01 =91

 

@jgjodidh nj vjgtm nj Imcc @jgjidh nj vjgnjr ugm hpidùg Imcc jurhpjm< prjidh nj hpidùg ; $ :, prjidh nj jljrididh ; $ =11. Qrhodt ($) ==1 =01 =91

: 1 -=1 -01 -91

21

61

41 =11

^jrkdgmc sthie prdij ($)

 

@jgjodidh nj ihkprm nj Qut @jgjidh nj ihkprmr ugm hpidùg Qu jurhpjm< prjidh nj hpidùg ; $ 2, prjidh nj jljrididh ; $ 21. 91 Qrhodt ($) 01 =1 1 -2

^jrkdgmc sthie prdij ($) >1

:1

?1

21

61

41 =11

 

@jgjodidh nj vjgtm nj Qut @jgjidh nj vjgnjr ugm hpidùg Qu jurhpjm< prjidh nj hpidùg ; $ 2, prjidh nj jljrididh ; $ 21. Qrhodt ($) 2 1 -=1 -01 -91

>1

:1

^jrkdgmc sthie prdij ($)

?1 21

61

41 =11

 

@jgjodidhs nj cms hpidhgjs ¸Iuíc js cm phsdidùg nj cm hpidùg jg imnm imsh8 @jgjodidh

@jgjodidh  E 

 E 

Y ^ 

@jgjodidh

 

Y ^ 

E ; Qrjidh nj jljrididh, Y^ ; Qrjidh njc mitvh mc vjgidkdjgh

@jgjodidh  E 

 E 

Y ^ 

 

Y ^ 

 

Jljrididhs nj rjohrzmkdjgth Jljrididh = Zg dgvjrsdhgdsm ihkprm :1 hpidhgjs Imcc sh`rj miidhgjs nj Kdirhsh, ihg vjgidkdjgh jg sjptjk`rj, prjidh sdnj jljrididh nj , $jc?1, prdkm nj =11 miidhgjs). ¸Iuíc js cm bmgmgidm h pärndnm mc vjgidkdjgh, vjgidkdjgh prjidh sphnj js$m)>.: $ ?9(chjs y `) :28

 

Jljrididhs nj rjohrzmkdjgth Jljrididh 0 Zg dgvjrsdhgdsm ihkprm :1 hpidhgjs Qu sh`rj miidhgjs nj Kdirhsh, ihg vjgidkdjgh jg sjptjk`rj, prjidh sdnj jljrididh nj , $jc?1, prdkm nj =11 miidhgjs). ¸Iuíc js cm bmgmgidm h pärndnm mc vjgidkdjgh, vjgidkdjgh prjidh sphnj js$m)0.: $ ?9(chjs y `) :28