Semana 3-3 - Segmentos
August 27, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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DMEKMDK_ÇH NKC ^_HMRZL_^K Nr.. Hmnräs Rltdc Bfèvkz Nr Bchsk 2 Bhphbdnhn Qkfdbuchr ‒ FBG 844>
BLMNDBDLMKR –DNKHCKR‗ NK H[^LZDR^H Hmbfl Chtkrhc y Ksphbdl Chtkrhc
Km blmndbdlmks dnkhcks, um skegkmtl nk vçh rkqudkrk rkqudkrk quk chs cçmkhs skhm nk 8? 8 ? pdks nk hmbfl y quk chs lostru lostrubbdlmks bbdlmks chtkrhcks kstäm plr cl gkmls h 1 pdks nkc olrnk nkc phvdgkmtl.
Bhgdlmks/ousks y kckvhbdlmks
Km blmndbdlmks dnkhcks, chs vçhs slm pchmhs y ch blrrdkmtk vkfdbuchr vkfdb uchr ksth blgpuksth blgpuksth ðmdbhgkmtk ðmdbhgkmtk nk hutlgòvdcks hutlgòvdcks phrtdbuchrks phrtdbu chrks yh quk vkfçbucls vkfçbucls ghs erhmnks blgl ousks y bhgdlmks tdkmnkm t dkmnkm h tkmkr um kakbtl hnvkrsl km kc u`l vkfdbuchr vkfdb uchr.. Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BLMNDBDLMKR –DNKHCKR‗ NK H[^LZDR^H [mdalrgdnhn nk ch nkghmnh
Zhrh umh vçh km blmndbdlmks blmndbdlmks dnkhcks, sk hsugk quk kc
u`l ks umdalrgk h trhväs trhväs nkc pkrdlnl pkrdlnl nk hmècdsds. Rd fuodkrh fu odkrh pdbls nk nkghmnh, kstl lbhsdlmhrçh lbhsdlmhr çh prlockghs quk tlghrçh tdkgpl phrh ndsdphrsk.
Kc pkrdlnl pkrd lnl tçpdbl nk hmècdsds ks 8 flrh.
Zhrh buhmtdbhr ch nkghmnh, sk ushm cls tärgdmls nk Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
Qlcugkm Q lcugkm (Q) y (Q) y ch ^hsh nk Acu`l (q)
BLMNDBDLMKR –DNKHCKR‗ NK H[^LZDR^H [mdalrgdnhn nk ch nkghmnh
Qlcugkm, Q lcugkm, Q0 mugk mugkrl rl nk vkfçbucls quk phsh um pumtl pu mtl km
umh bhrrktkrh l cçmkh nk bhrrktkrh nurhmtk umh flrh, kxprkshnl km vkfçbucls plr flrh ^hsh nk Acu`l, q0 mu q0 mugkrl gkrl nk vkfçbucls quk phsh um pumtl km umh bhrrktkrh l cçmkh cçmk h nk bhrrktkrh nurhmtk um pkrdlnl nk tdkgpl gkmlr h umh flrh, kxprkshnl kxprkshnl km umh thsh kqudvhckmtk km vkfçbucls plr flrh. Zlr k`kgpcl0 k`kgpc l0 Rd 8:: 8: : vkfçbucls aukrlm blmthnls plr ; gdmutls, ch thsh nk u`l ks deuhc h 8:: vkf / ; gdm plr 8? (pkrdlnls nk ; gdm) 7 8?:: vkf/f Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BLMNDBDLMKR –DNKHCKR‗ NK H[^LZDR^Hsk nkmk blgl kc pkrdlnl pkrd lnl nk 1: gd gdmutls mutls Ch
Flrh Zumth
(8 flrh) f lrh) nurhmtk um nçh km kc buhc ch vçh l skegkmtl nk vçh kxpkrdgkmth ch ghylr bhmtdnhn nk vlcugkm Kc Ahbtlr nk ch Flrh Zumth ks kc rhtdl kmtrk kc vlcugkm km ch flrh pdbl y ch gèxdgh thsh nk u`l bhcbuchnl bhcbu chnl km ch ohsk nk um dmtkrvhcl dmtkrvhcl t nkmtrl nk ch flrh pdbl Kbuhbdòm 8
nlmnk Mt ks kc gèxdgl gèxdg l mugkrl nk vvkfçbuc kfçbucls ls blmthnls nurhmtk um dmtkrvhcl dmtkrvhcl t nkmtrl nk umh flrh. Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BLMNDBDLMKR –DNKHCKR‗ NK H[^LZDR^H Zhrh kc hmècdsds nk ch bhphbdnhn nk nk bhrrktkrhs, t ks ;
gdmutls.
Zhrh kc hmècdsds nk dmtkrskbbdlmks, t ks 8; gdmutls.
Km hgols bhsls, AFZ ks umh gkndnh nk ch umdalrgdnhn nk ch nkghmnh l nkc pdbl nk ch nkghmnh.
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BHZ BHZHBDNHN HBDNHN T MDQKC MDQKC NK NK RK_QDBDL NK H[^LZDR^HR
Ch erhbh prkskmth ch rkchbdòm kmtrk ch vkclbdnhn y ch thsh nk u`l plr cçmkh nk hutlpdsth phrh vhrdls ndskøls , nkmdnls p plr lr ch vkclbdn vkclbdnhn hn nk ndskøl y kc mugkrl nk cçmkhs cçmkhs ndsp ndsplmdocks, lmdocks, oh`l blmndbdlmks dnkhcks Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BHZHBDNHN T MDQKC NK
RK_QDBDL NK H[^LZDR^HR Ch vkclbdnhn nk ndskøl sk nksdemh blgl ch Q Qkclbdnh kclbdnhn n
nk Bhrrktkrh Bhrrk tkrh Zrlgkndl (HF (HFR R 7 Hvkrhe vkrhekk Fdefwhy Rpkkn) Ch HFR ks k s kc prlgkndl plmnkrhnl plmnk rhnl nk vkclbdnhnks nk umh hutlpdsth quk tdkmk vkclbdnhnks vkclbdnhnk s quk vhrçhm vhrçhm kmtrk sus ndvkrsls skegkmtls, ohshnls km ch clmedtun nk ch plrbdòm nk skegkmtls. Ch vkclbdnhn nk ndskøl ks ch quk sk ush phrh ndskøh ndskøhrr ch vçh, y ml ch vkclbdnhn cdgdt cdgdtkk dmndbhnh km ch vçh.
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
BHZHBDNHN BHZ HBDNHN T MDQKC MDQKC NK NK RK_QDBDL NK H[^LZDR^HR Ch aeurh gukstrh quk ch bhphbdnhn nk ch cçmkh nk umh hutlpdsth ks hcrknknlr nk 0 ?::: hutlgòvdcks (phsshmekr bhrs - pb) plr flrh (pb/f) phrh vkclbdnhnks nk ndskøl nk 1: h 5: gdcchs 84:: hutlgòvdcks phrh vkclbdnhnks nk ndskøl nk ;: gdcchs
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
MDQKC NK RK_QDBDL ZH_H RKBBDLMKR RKBBDL MKR NK H[^LZDR^ H[^LZDR^H H
Blmndbdlmks
Qkclbdnhn nk Ndskøl 5: gpf
Qkclbdnhn nk Ndskøl 1: gpf
Qkclbdnhn nk Ndskøl ;: gpf
CLR
Nkmsdnhn (pb/gd/cm)
Rpkkn (gpf)
v/b
GRA (pb/f/cm)
Rpkkn (gpf)
v/b
GRA (pb/f/cm)
Rpkkn (gpf)
v/b
GRA (pb/f/cm)
H
≮8?
≫1:
:.2;
5::
---
---
---
---
---
---
O
≮?:
≫;5
:.;>
88::
≫;:
:.>4
8:::
---
---
---
B
≮2:
≫;>
:.55
8;;:
≫>5
:.14
8>::
≫>2
:.15
82::
N
≮>?
≫>1
:.42
86;:
≫>?
:.6>
85::
≫>:
:.62
81::
K
≮15
≫2:
8.::
?:::
≫2:
8.::
?:::
≫?6
8.::
84::
A
=15
32:
b
b
32:
b
b
3?6
b
b
b 7 hcthgkmtk vhrdhock k dmksthock GRA rknlmnkhnl h ;: pb/f
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
^HOCH H
^HRH NK AC[@L GÈVDGH KM RK_QDBDL (GRA) Kbuhbdòm ?
Nlmnk
GRA sk gdnk km pb/f y sk blmsdnkrh km blmndbdlmks
dnkhcks d 7 sk rkkrk hc mdvkc nk skrvdbdl (nk ch –H‗ h ch –A‗) q ghx 7 GRA km mdvkc K
v/b ks kc gèxdgl rhtdl nk vlcu vlcugkm gkm - bhphbdnhn
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
NK AC[@L KM RK_QDBDL ^HRH Ch thsh thsh nk u`l dnkhc dnkhc q* pukn puknkk skr blmv blmvkrtdn krtdnhh h ch thsh
nk u`l nk skrvdbdl q ushmnl ch sdeudkmtk kbuhbdòm0 fv q 7 q* . M . a w . a fv
Kbuhbdòm 2
Nlmnk0 q 7 thsh nk u`l (l u`l) nk skrvdbdl, km vkf/f q* 7 u`l dnkhc, km pb/f/cm M 7 mugkrl nk cçmkhs km ch hutlpdsth a w 7 h`ustk h`u stk plr kc kakbtl kakb tl blgodmhnl blgodmhn l nk cçmkhs blm hmbfls ndakrkmtks h 8? y plr ch prkskmbdh nk lostrubbdlmks chtkrhcks gkmlrks h 1 pdks. a fv 7 h`ustk plr ch prkskmbdh nk vkfçbucls pkshnls
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
w
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
^HOCH O
fv
Kc ahbtlr ahb tlr plr vkfçbucls pkshnls sk puknk puk nk kxprkshr hprlxdghnhgkmtk0
Kbuhbdòm >
Nlmnk Z^, Z_ y y ZO slm cls % nk bhgdlmks, bhgdlmk s, vkfçbucls rkbrkhbdlmhckss y ousks km ch vçh rkbrkhbdlmhck Zlr su phrtk, K , K y K sk lotdkmkm nk ch sdeudkmtk thoch ^ _ O
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
^HOCH B
K@KGZCL [mh hutlpdsth ksth sdkmnl sdkm nl ndskøhnh y sk kspkrh quk
htdkmnh um vvlcugkm htdkmnh lcugkm nk 2:: 2::: : vkf/f km hgohs ndrkbbdlmks. Nk kstk vlcugkm, sk kspkrh quk kc 8?% skhm bhgdlmks, kc ;% ousks y :% rkbrkhbdlmhcks. Nktkrgdmhr kc mugkrl gçmdgl nk cçmkhs mkbkshrdhs km ch hutlpdsth phrh ordmnhr um mdvkc nk skrvdbdl B sd sk shok quk0 AFZ 7 :.6: Kc tkrrkml ks cdekrhgkmtk dmbcdmhnl (rlccdme) Qkclbdnhn Q kclbdnhn nk ndskøl 7 ;: gpf
Hmbfl nk cçmkh cçmkh 7 8? pdks Ksphbdls Chtkrhcks hprlpdhnls
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL Kc u`l nk skrvdbdl km umh ndrkbbdòm
q 7 Q / AFZ 7 (8;:: vkf / f) / (:.6:) 7 865; vkf/f
Nk chumh ^hoch –H‗ phrh dnkhcks blm mdvkc phrh vkclbdnhn vkclbdn hn nku`l ndskøl nk ;: g gpf. pf. nk skrvdbdl B GRAb 7 82:: pb/f/cm Kc ahbtlr ahbtlr nk h`ustk a w 7 8.: 8 .: yh quk kc hmbfl hmbfl nk cçmkh ks 8?— y chs lostrubbdlmks chtkrhcks slm hnkbuhnhs (ghs nk 1—) Zhrh bhcbuchr a sk ush ch kbuhbdòm > y ch ^hoch –B‗0 fv
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL
Hpcdbhmnl ch kbuhbdòm 2 sk puknk bhcbuchr kc mugkrl nk bhrrdcks M0 q 7 q* . M . a w . a fv Kmtlmbks0
M 7 q / (q* . a w . a fv )
M 7 865; / (82:: x 8.:: x :.16) 7 ?.8? bhrrdcks M 7 2 bhrrdcks plr ndrkbbdòm
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL T sd slcl tkme tkmel l phrh ? bhrrdcks, ¼blm quä md mdvkc vkc nk skrvdbdl
kstly kgpkzhmnl kc prlykbtl< q 7 q* . M . a . a w
fv
865; 7 q* . ? . 8 . :.16 q* 7 8256 Rkeðm ^hoch ksth kmtrk 82:8 y 81::… MnR –N‗ Rd aukrh 8 bhrrdc q 7 q* . M . a w . a fv 865; 7 q* . 8 . 8 . :.16 q* 7 ?5;5 –A‗
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL Qhgls Q hgls h nkbdr quk sk hrrhmbh blm ? bhrrdcks
Kc ahbtlr ahbtlr nk brkbdgdk brkbdgdkmtl mtl ks nk >% hmu hmuhc hc q* 7 8256 q* hbtuhc h A 7 84:: QA 7 QZ (8 + t)]m 84:: 7 8256 (8 + :,:>)]m cm 8.254 / cm 8.:>: 7 m 7 6.? høls
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL ?
[mh hutlpdsth km um tkrrkml mdvkchnl m dvkchnl tdkmk um vlcugkm Q 7 >;:: >;:: vvkf/f kf/f km > bhrrdcks nk 88 pdks bhnh umh plr
ndrkbbdòm. Ch gkzbch g kzbch vkfdbuchr blmsdstk km 5;% hutlgòvdcks phrtdbuchrks, 8:% bhgdlmks, 8:% ousks y ;% vkfçbucls rkbrkhbdlmhcks. Lostr Lostrubbdlmks ubbdlmks ch chtkrhcks tkrhcks kstèm h ; pdks h ch nkrkbfh y h 2 pdks h ch dzqudkrnh dzqudk rnh nk ch vçh. Rd ch vkclbdnhn nk ndskøl ks nk ;: gpf y kc AFZ 7 :.5;
Bhcbuchrr kc mdvkc nk skrvdbdl nk ch hutlpdsth y kc rhtdl v/b Bhcbuch
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@KGZCL ?
Kc u`l nk skrvdbdl q 7 Q / AFZ 7 (>;:: vkf / f) / (:.5;) 7 1::: vkf/f [shmnl kbuhbdòm > y ch ^hoch ^hoch –B‗ phrh bhcbuchr a fv
Kc prlgkndl nk ksphbdl chtkrhc ks (;+2)/? 7 > pdks, kc hmbfl nk cçmkh nk 88 pdks y umh hutlpdsth nk 6 cçmkhs (> plr ndrkbbdòm), ushmnl ushmnl ch ^ ^hoch hoch –O –O‗‗ sk lotdkmk quk a 7 :.4> (vkr setk ndhplsdtdvh) w
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
w
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
^HOCH O
K@KGZCL ? 2 sk puknk bhcbuchr kc u`l dnkhc q*0 Hpcdbhmnl ch kbuhbdòm
q 7 q* . M . a w . a fv Kmtlmbks0
q* 7 q / (M . a w . a fv )
q* 7 1::: / (>.: x :.4> x :.65) 7 862> pb/f/cm
Thh quk ch bhphbdnhn nk umh cçm T cçmkh kh nk hutlpdsth blm
vkclbdnhn htdl v/b ks deuhc h0 nk ndskøl nk ;: gpf ks 84:: pb/f/cm kc rrhtdl v / b 7 86 862> 2> / 84:: 7 :.41; T nk ch ^hoch – –H, H, :.41; km ch blcugmh nk ;: gpf ksth kmtrk kc :.62 nkc MRN y kc 8.:: nkc MRK9 kmtlmbks Mdvkc nk
Rkrvdbdl K
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@K_BDBDLR
[mh hutlpdsth nk 1 cçmkhs cçmk hs ks ushnh plr 2;:: vkf/f km ch ndrkbbdòm pdbl. Kstk vlcugkm ksth ksth blgpukstl plr
slcl 8:% bhgdlmks y 4:% hutlgòvdcks phrtdbuchrks. Kc tkrrkml ks cdekrhgkmtk dmbcdmhnl Ch vkclbdnhn nk ndskøl ks nk 1: gpf
Ghs hccè nk kstl, tlnhs chs nkgès nkgè s blmndbdlmks slm dnkhcks. Rd kc blmtkl pdbl km ; gdm ks 2;: vkfçbucls, bhcbuchr0
Bhphbdnhn Bhphbdnh n nk ch vçh km umh ndrkbbdòm ndrkbbdòm
Mdvkc nk skrvdbdl oh`l chs chs blmndbdlmks blmndbdlmks nhnhs
Qkclbdnhn Q kclbdnhn prlgkndl oh`l chs blmndbdlmks blmndbdlmks nhnhs
Zrla. Hmnrks Rltdc
K@K_BDBDLR 8.
Zhrh kc k`krbdbdl hmtkrdlr hm tkrdlr,, bhcbu bhcbuchr chr kc rhmel nk vlcðgkmks oh`l kc gdsgl Z ZFA FA km kc buhc kc mdv mdvkc kc nk skrvdbdl skrdh –B‗
?. Zhrh kc k`krbdbdl nk ch ndhplsdtdvh ndhplsd tdvh hmtkrdlr, hmtkrdlr, kmblmtrhr
kc mugkrl nk cçmkhs mkbksdthnhs km umh ndrkbbdòm phrh hskeurhr um mdvkc nk skrvdbdl –B‗ l gk`lr 2. Bhcbuchr ch bhphbdnhn km um skmtdnl nk um skegkmtl nk bhrrktkrh quk ml tdkmk dmtkrrupbdlmks sd chs cçmkhs slm nk 88 pdks plr ndrkbbdòm, ch nkghmnh ks umdalrgk, chs lostrubbdlmks chtkrhcks kstèm h 2 pdks nkc olrnk nkc phvdgkmtl, phvdg kmtl, y kc vvlcugkm lcugkm vkfdbuch vkfdbuchrr dmbcuyk % ousks y ?:% bhgdlmks9 kc tkrrkml ks glmthølsl y ch
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