Semana 1

 

]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

^HLEGE 5

]rdarelenkþg ]I]  ]I] 

_hshrvecds tdcds bds chrhnids Kgstktutd ^uphrkdr ch Erths y Nkhgnkes ch be Ndlugknenkþg ^.E.. Gd sh phrlkth ndpker, rhprdcunkr, rhhckter, chsneraer, puobkner, hlktkr, ckjugckr, ch jdrle tdteb d pernkeb be prhshgth dore, gk su kgndrpdrenkþg e ug sksthle kgjdrlåtknd, gk su tregslkskþg hg nuebqukhr jdrle d pdr nuebqukhr lhckd (hbhntrþgknd, lhnågknd, jdtdndpke, areoenkþg u dtrds) skg eutdrkzenkþg prhvke y pdr hsnrktd ch Kgstktutd ^uphrkdr ch Erths y Nkhgnkes ch be Ndlugknenkþg ^.E. Be kgjrennkþg ch cknids chrhnids puhch ndgstktukr ug chbktd ndgtre be prdpkhcec kgthbhntueb.

 

E]_HGCKVEFH^ H^]H_ECD^  H^]H_ECD^  Hb hstuckegth shrå nepez ch6 •

Nerenthrkzer hb bhgauefh ]I], ndld ihrrelkhgte pere be prdarelenkþg rhbenkdgegcd be skgtexks oåskne ch ]I].

KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

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^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K 5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG

 

E]_HGCKVEFH^ H^]H_ECD^ ................................................................................................................. ? KGS_DCXNNKÞG ................................................................................................................................... 3 _H^XLHG ............................................................................................................................................ 8 ]EBEO_E^ NBEZH ................................................................................................................................. 8 ]_HAXGSE^ AESKBBEGSH^ .................................................................................................................. 8 5.

KGS_DCXNNKÞG KGS_DCXNNKÞ G EB ]I]................................... ................. .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... ....................... ...... :

?.

ZE_KEOBH^ ZE_KEOB H^ .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... .......................... ......... 1

>.

D]H_ECD_H^ D]H_ECD_ H^ HG ]I] ................................... ................. .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................... .......................... ......... 9

3.

HGS_ECE [ ^EBKCE HG ]I] ................................... ................. .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................. ............... 5=

8.

H^S_XNSX_E^ H^S_XNSX_E ^ CH NDGS_DB ................................. ............... .................................... ................................... ................................... ................................. ............... 55

:.

E__HABD^ .................................. ................. ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... ........................ ....... 5>

1.

JXGNKDGH^ ................................. ................ ................................... ................................... ................................... .................................... ................................... ........................ ....... 5:

NDLHGSE_KD JKGEB .......................................................................................................................... ?= _HJH_HGNKE^ ..................................................................................................................................... ?5

KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

>  

5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

 

KGS_DCXNNKÞG   KGS_DCXNNKÞG ]I] hs ugd ch bds bhgauefhs ch prdarelenkþg lås utkbkzecds hg be entuebkcec, ye quh be thgchgnke hg hb lugcd ch be ndlputenkþg, kgjdrlåtkne y prdarelenkþg epugte e be nrhenkþg ch epbknenkdghs oefd pbetejdrles who y lþvkbhs. Hg be entuebkcec, hxksth ckvhrskcec ch hlprhses quh rhspebceg sus sksthles oefd prdarelenkþg hg ]I] y ieg klpbhlhgtecd be prdarelenkþg drkhgtece e dofhtds ienkhgcd

quh sus sksthles sheg lås ndgjkeobhs pere hb usuerkd y ch jånkb prdarelenkþg pere hg chserrdbbecdr. E ndgtkguenkþg, hg hste dpdrtugkcec, sh hstuckeråg chsch bds prkgnkpkds oåsknds chb bhgauefh pesegcd pdr chjkgknkdghs nbevhs ch verkeobhs, dphrecdrhs, hgtrece y sebkce, hstruntures ch ndgtrdb, errhabds y jugnkdghs hgjdnecds hg ]I].

‒]I] hs ugd ch bds bhgauefhs ch prdarelenkþg lås utkbkzecds hg be entuebkcec, ye quh pugte e be nrhenkþg ch epbknenkdghs oefd pbetejdrles who y lþvkbhs . “ 

KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

3  

5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

 

_H^XLHG   _H^XLHG Hg bds öbtklds eõds, bds bhgauefhs ch prdarelenkþg sh ieg ckrhnnkdgecd e be nrhenkþg ch hbhlhgtds oefd pbetejdrle who chokcd e quh hg be entuebkcec y ndg be kgndrpdrenkþg ch bds cetds hg be guoh, tdcd bds sksthles hlprhserkebhs, draegkzenkdgebhs, ugkvhrskterkds y ieste sksthles ch usd hg nese hståg prhshgths oefd pbetejdrle who, bds usuerkds ye gd leghfeg sus cetds ch jdrle bdneb skgd ch jdrle rhldte chsch su uoknenkþg hg be guoh, rhnuhrch quh be guoh sdg bds shrvkcdrhs ch kgthrght chsch cdgch sh ebdfeg bds cetds, pdr hste rezþg hb bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg ]I] sh ie ndgvhrtkcd hg ug rhquhrklkhgtd ch bes hlprhses pere ndg sus chserrdbbecdrhs, hg hb usd ch be nrhenkþg h kgtharenkþg ch sus sksthles, sktkds y påakges who, neoh rhsebter r hsebter quh hs ug bhgauefh ch jånkb useokbkcec, ebnegnh y vhrsetkbkcec hg su århe hg ndlperenkþg e dtrds bhgauefhs ch be lksle ìgcdbh. Bds ndgdnklkhgtds ecqukrkcds hg hste dpdrtugkcec epdrteg be ephrture ch ndgdnklkhgtds sdorh hb bhgauefh y hb ebnegnh quh hsth puhch bbhaer e cer hg bes draegkzenkdghs.

NBEZH   ]EBEO_E^ NBEZH

]I]  Bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg 

Ndgstegths  Zerkeobhs 

Errhabds  Jugnkdghs 

]_HAXGSE^ AESKBBEGSH^  AESKBBEGSH^    ´Ndgdnh hb bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg ]I]4

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  ´Uuë rhbenkþg hxksth hgtrh hb bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg ]I] y bes påakges who4

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  ´Uuë vhgtefes tkhgh hb usd ch jugnkdghs hg be prdarelenkþg4

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KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

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5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

 

5.  KGS_DCXNNKÞG EB ]I]  ]I]  Hb bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg ]I] hs uge ch bes ihrrelkhgtes lås utkbkzeces hg hb lugcd entueb, chokcd e su jånkb leghfd y pdrquh nuhgte ndg cdnulhgtenkþg quh skrvh ch rhspebcd eb chserrdbbecdr ch nþckad hg hb ldlhgtd ch chserrdbber ug prdyhntd. Echlås, ]I] hlpbhe hbhlhgtds ch dtrds bhgauefhs ch prdarelenkþg y sh kgthare jånkblhgth ndg hb bhgauefh ch htkquhtes d lernes ch ikphrthxtd ISLB, bd quh phrlkth pdthgnker eug lås bes epbknenkdghs quh puhch chserrdbber, ch kaueb ldcd sh kgthare ndg ckvhrsds leghfecdrhs ch oeshs ch cetds rhbenkdgebhs y gd rhbenkdgebhs. Hg hb cdnulhgtd ch KENN (?=59), quh chsnrkoh be shlege 5 ch  jugcelhgtds ch prdarelenkþg ndg ]I]  hxpbkneg quh hb bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg hs ugd ch bds lås utkbkzecds chgtrd chb århe ch kgjdrlåtkne y be ndlputenkþg. ^us skabes s kabes chrkveg ch be hxprhskþg hg kgabës ‒iyphrthxt prh-prdnhssdr “ (prhprdnhsecdr ch ikphrthxtd), chokcd e quh hs ug bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg kgthrprhtecd ch jånkb usd y uge luy ebte jugnkdgebkcec. Hg hb lksld shgtkcd, luhstre ebauges nerenthrìstknes chb bhgauefh, tebhs ndld6   ]hrlkth shr kgshrtecd chgtrd ch nþckads ISLB, hfhnutegcd påakges who ckgålknes y rdoustes.   Hs ug bhgauefh ch nþckad eokhrtd.   Hstå drkhgtecd e ug ldchbd nbkhgth - shrvkcdr.

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Esì lksld, hgtrh bes jugnkdgebkcechs y ebnegnhs ch hsth bhgauefh, hs pdskobh lhgnkdger6   ^h hgjdne e prdarelenkþg ch snrkpts chb becd chb shrvkcdr, phrlktkhgcd be ahstkþg ch cetds chsch jdrluberkds, ahghrer påakges ch ndgthgkcd ckgålknd, htn.   ]hrlkth ahghrer snrkpts skg ghnhskcec ch ug shrvkcdr d ug gevhaecdr.

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  ^h puhch utkbkzer hg tdcds bds sksthles dphretkvds, kgnbuyhgcd Bkgux (y sus ckjhrhgths ckstrkounkdghs), Qkgcdws, lenD^, htn.   Hb prdarelecdr puhch hbhakr be lhtdcdbdaìe ch prdarelenkþg quh ghnhskth, tebhs ndld prdarelenkþg hstrunturece d prdarelenkþg drkhgtece e dofhtds.   Nuhgte ndg ug elpbkd sdpdrth y uge ndlugkcec ch sdjtwerh eokhrtd quh ahghre rhpdsktdrkds ch kgjdrlenkþg y eyuce hg bìghe.   ]hrlkth be ahstkþg ch oeshs ch cetds ndld Ly^UB.

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Hg hb lksld shgtkcd vebh lhgnkdger bes nerenthrìstknes prkgnkpebhs ch ]I] ndld bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg6   Hxksth lunie cdnulhgtenkþg ch epdyd eb prdarelecdr. Chsch ug rhpdsktdrkd djknkeb ckspdgkobh hg  pip.ght   ieste ug skgjìg ch cdnulhgtds kgjdrlebhs ckshõecds ndg nþckad

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KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

:  

5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

  juhgth. Hste hxthgse cdnulhgtenkþg sh choh e bds lkbbdghs ch usuerkds quh tkhgh hste ihrrelkhgte ch prdarelenkþg, rhprhshgtegcd uge sþbkce ndlugkcec ch chserrdbbd ch sdjtwerh. •

puhch eprhgchr e prdareler hg ]I] utkbkzegcd ug shrvkcdr rhldtd hg be who d pdr lhckd   ^h ch shrvkcdrhs bdnebhs ndld QEL], YEL] d BEL]. ]dr hste rezþg, gd sh rhqukhrh ug hgtdrgd ch chserrdbbd ch sdjtwerh ndlpbhfd.   Hg hb lugcd beodreb, ]I] chstene ndld ug bhgauefh chlegcecd y rhquhrkcd pdr hlprhses chokcd e be eakbkcec hg hb leghfd ch cetds.   ]hrlkth kgndrpdrer ckjhrhgths lhtdcdbdaìes ch prdarelenkþg ndld be prdarelenkþg ldcuber, be hstrunturece y be prdarelenkþg drkhgtece e dofhtds, ckvkckhgcd bds prdareles hg lëtdcds y nbeshs.   ]hrlkth be kgtharenkþg ndg lþcubds hxthrgds pere lhfdrer epbknenkdghs who.   ]hrlkth shperer be hstrunture ch bds prdareles, bd quh ienh quh hb nþckad she kgchphgckhgth pere terhes ndld be kgthrjez ch usuerkd y hb hgbenh ch bds cetds, utkbkzegcd ug ldchbd chgdlkgecd ZK^SE/NDGS_DBECD_. ZK^SE/NDGS_DBECD_.   Hs ug bhgauefh lubtkpbetejdrle, sdpdrtecd pdr nuebqukhr sksthle dphretkvd, bd quh phrlkth quh sh chserrdbbh nþckad hg nuebqukhr sktkd y puhce kgtharersh skg prdobhles.

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?.  ZE_KEOBH^ ZE_KEOBH^   Bes verkeobhs rhprhshgteg tdcd equhbbd quh verìe d quh hstå sufhtd e ebaög tkpd ch nelokd. ]dr tegtd, uge verkeobh hs ug sìlodbd hb nueb phrlkth kchgtkjkner e ug hbhlhgtd gd hsphnkjknecd chgtrd ch ug chthrlkgecd arupd. Hg tërlkgds ch kgjdrlåtknds, sdg tdcds equhbbds vebdrhs quh puhchg d gd neloker hg hb tregsnursd ch ug ebadrktld. Be leydrìe ch bds cetds sdg verkeobhs pdr geturebhze. Hg hb cdnulhgtd ch KENN (?=59), quh chsnrkoh be shlege ? ch ^kgtexks oåskne ch ]I] ieobe quh bes verkeobhs hg ]I] sh rhprhshgteg ndg ug skagd ch phsd ($) shaukcd pdr hb gdlorh ch be verkeobh. ]I] ckjhrhgnke hgtrh leyösnubes y lkgösnubes hg bds gdlorhs ch bes verkeobhs. Bds gdlorhs ch bes verkeobhs tkhghg bes lksles rhabes quh htkquhtes hg ]I]. Hstes sdg våbkces nuegcd hlpkhzeg ndg uge bhtre d aukdg oefd (ugchrsndrh), shaukcd ch nuebqukhr gölhrd ch bhtres, gölhrd y aukdg oefd.

24pip $ver < "Buks"0 $Zer < "Fdsh"0 hnid "$ver, $Zer"0 // klprklh "Buks, Fdsh" $3skth < 'gdt yht'0 // kgvåbkcd0 ndlkhgze ndg ug gölhrd $T3skth < 'gdt yht'0 // vebkcd0 ndlkhgze ndg ug suoreyecd $tãyth < 'legsk``e'0 // vebkcd0 'ã' hs E^NKK ??9 (Hxthgckcd) 47

KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

1  

5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

  Dtre jdrle ch eskager vebdrhs e bes verkeobhs hs eskager pdr rhjhrhgnke, bd quh skagkjkne quh be guhve verkeobh sklpbhlhgth bbele e be verkeobh drkakgeb. Hste dphrenkþg sh rhebkze egthpdgkhgcd ug skagd elphrsegc   ‒&“ eb ndlkhgzd ch be verkeobh nuyd vebdr sh hstå eskagegcd. Bds nelokds e be guhve verkeobh ejhnteg e be drkakgeb y vknhvhrse. Bd egthrkdr qukhrh chnkr quh gd sh prdcunh uge ndpke ch vebdrhs y, pdr bd tegtd, be eskagenkþg dnurrh lås råpkcelhgth.

24pip $verkeobh < >=0 $oer < &$verkeobh0 // Hste hs uge eskagenkþg våbkce 47

  ]I]  >. D]H_ECD_H^ HG ]I] 

Hg tërlkgds ahghrebhs hg hb lugcd ch be prdarelenkþg bds dphrecdrhs sdg tdcds equhbbds sìlodbds d skagds utkbkzecds pere rhbenkdger bes verkeobhs. Hg hb cdnulhgtd ch KENN (?=59), rhjhrhgnkecd pere be shlege > Hxprhskdghs y Dphrecdrhs cknh quh hg tdcd bhgauefh ch prdarelenkþg hxksthg ckjhrhgths tkpds ch dphrecdrhs. Hstds dphrecdrhs phrlktkråg dphrer cetds gulërknds, bþaknds, ebjegulërknds d ch ckstkgtes geturebhzes, y skg hb usd echnuecd ch bds dphrecdrhs bes hxprhskdghs quh sh dotkhghg ahghreråg hrrdrhs eb hfhnuter hb prdarele, sh tkhghg ckjhrhgths tkpds ch dphrecdrhs, ndld6   Dphrecdrhs Erktlëtknds. Hb bhgauefh ]I] ckspdgh ch bds nbåsknds dphrecdrhs erktlëtknds, quh sh chjkghg y errdfeg ug rhsubtecd, teb t eb ndld sh luhstre hg be skaukhgth teobe6

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Dphrecdr

Dphrenkþg

Gdlorh

+

$e + $o

^ule

^ule ch $e y $o

-

$e - $o

_hste

Ckjhrhgnke hgtrh $e y $o

*

$e * $o

Lubtkpbknenkþg Lubtkpbknenkþg

]rdcuntd ch $e y $o

/

$e / $o

Ckvkskþg

Ndnkhgth ch $e y $o

%

$e % $o

Lþcubd

_hstd ch be dphrenkþg $e / $o

-

-$e

Ghaenkþg

Hb dpuhstd ch $e

Dphrecdrhs Gulërknds.

KENN-?=?=   KENN-?=?=

_hsubtecd

9  

5 „ ]_DA_ELENKÞG ^HLEGE 5 „  ]_DA_ELENKÞG EZEGVECE K

  Gdte6 ndgskchrh hb sìlodbd ( - ) chphgckhgcd su pdsknkþg hg be hxprhskþg puhch chgdter rhste d ghaenkþg.   Dphrecdrhs _hbenkdgebhs. Esì ndld hg ]I] d hg dtrd bhgauefh bds dphrecdrhs rhbenkdgebhs d ch ndlperenkþg phrlkthg ndlperer bds vebdrhs hgtrh cds verkeobhs, ndld sh luhstre hg be skaukhgth teobe6

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Dphrecdr

Dphrenkþg