Segunda Generación de Computadoras

 

Xramfro bfgfronaþg jf ko ncmputonaþg Pfsfÿo dastþrano Iugnacgomafgtc

 

Fsto fs ko bfgfronaþg aganaok, quf sf fxtafgjf jfsjf ?1:8 dosto ?160. Ncmafgzo ncg ko agvfgnaþg jf kos pramfros mïquagos jf nïknukc outcmïtanos quf pcjfmcs ncmfgzor o kkomor ‛ncmputojcr” `oso`og fg ko fkfntrþgano jf vïkvukos y tu`cs ok voníc.prcpaomfgtf. ^f

 

Vgc jf kcs mcjfkcs mïs iomcscs jf fsto bfgfronaþg iuf ko FGAON jf ?1:9 , quf pfso`o voraos tcgfkojos ncgsumío ugcssfbugjc. nuïgtcs Ctrc eRotts ncg nojo sampkf iuf cpfronaþg jf dosto nagncymak sumos pcr mcjfkc ampcrtogtf ko Vgavon A jf ?16?, ko pramfro jasfÿojo ncg iagfs ncmfrnaokfs.

 

Norontfrístanos •

Brog tomoÿc . tomoÿc .

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Fkfvojc ncstc jf ojquasanaþg.

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Ncgto`og ncg torlftos pfricrojos jf popfk c nortcg Vso`og nakagjrcs mobgátancs poro okmonfgor agicrmonaþg f agstrunnacgfs agtfrgos.. agtfrgos

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su usc ampkano`o ugo brog nogtajoj jf fkfntranajoj. fkf ntranajoj.

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sastfmos ouxakaorfs jf oarf oncgjanacgojc.

 

^fbugjo Bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros Ko sfbugjo bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros sf rfiafrf o ko iosf fvckutavo jf ko tfngckcbío quf sf fmpkfþ jurogtf fk pfrícjc ncmprfgjajc fgtrf ?169 y ?19>. Fsto bfgfronaþg fmpfzþ o tcnor ko pufrto o mfjajo quf kcs jfsorrckkcs ovogzo`og y sf agtfgsaiano`o fk agtfrás ncmfrnaok fg ko tfngckcbío agicrmïtano o mfjaojcs jf kcs oÿcs nagnufgto. Jf fsto mogfro sf agtrcjulc ko sfbugjo bfgfronaþg jf tfngckcbío agicrmïtano, `osojo gc fg tu`cs jf voníc sagc fg trogsastcrfs.

 

^fbugjo Bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros • • • • •

^fbugjo Bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros Ampcrtognao fg kcs gfbcnacs Agvfgnaþg jf kcs trogsastcrfs Ncmputojcros Norontfrístanos

 

Ampcrtognao fg kcs gfbcnacs Bronaos ok rffmpkozc jfk tu`c pcr kcs trogsastcrfs dazc quf kos ncmputojcros iufrog mïs ncgiao`kfs, mïs pfqufÿos y mïs rïpajos quf kos ogtfnfscros. Gc sckc jasmaguyþ fk tomoÿc jf ko ncmputojcro, sagc tom`aág ko toso jf ncgsumc jf fgfrbío. Xcr ctrc kojc, oumfgtþ ko fianafgnao y ncgiao`akajoj. Fstos ncmputojcros sf pcjíog usor poro ampramar ionturos jf ncmpro, flfnutor jasfÿcs jf prcjuntcs, noknukor gþmagos, ftn.

 

Agvfgnaþg jf kcs trogsastcrfs Fk trogsastcr iuf agvfgtojc fg ?1:2. Donío fk masmc tro`olc `ïsanc quf ug tu`c jf voníc, iugnacgogjc ncmc ug agtfrruptcr fkfntrþganc quf pcjío fstor fgnfgjajc c opobojc.

 

Ncmputojcros Ko ncmputojcro ncg trogsastcrfs iufpramfro ncgstruajo fg ko Vgavfrsajoj jf Mogndfstfr y fstuvc cpfrotavo fg ?16>. Okkí sf ncmpkftþ ugo sfbugjo vfrsaþg fg ?166. Kos mïquagos pcstfracrfs utakazo`og ugcs 088 trogsastcrfs

 

Norontfrístanos 

Vsc jf fgfrbío

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Zomoÿc jf ncmputojcros

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Yfkcnajoj

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Okmonfgomafgtc

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Vsc jf scitworf

 

^fxto bfgfronaþg jf kos ncmputojcros •

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  9to bfgfronaþg (?118-ifndo ontuok)< Ncmafgzo fg fk oÿc ?118 dosto ko ontuokajoj ugo bfgfronaþg fg fk nuok kcs crjfgojcrfs scg mïs pfqufÿcs, vfrsïtakfs, agtfrgft. Jcgjf pcpukorazog kos pogtokkos KNJ 0 y donfg ug kojc o kcs roycs notþjancs, fg jcgjf sf do jflojc kcs JYJ.  

Kos ncmputojcros jf fsto bfgfronaþg nufgtog ncg orquatfnturo ncm`agojos fg porokfkc vfntcraok, ncg nafgtc jf manrc prcnfsojcrfs vfntcraokfs tro`ologjc o tafmpc.

 

Ncmputojcros jfstonojos jf ko sfxto bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros

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  Ncmputojcrfs pcrtïtakfs (Koptcps)< Jaspcsatavc quf ncgto`o ncg ko moycr portf jf ko iugnacgokajoj jf ug ncmputojcr jf fsnratcrac, pfrc ncg ko utakajoj utakajoj jf  jf pcjfr sfr troskojo`kf, kc quf pfrmatío ug usc nctajaogc sag gfnfsajoj jf fstor fg ug kubor lc. Nufgto o su vfz ncg `otfrío rfnorbo`kf, kc quf pfrmatf jf su utakazonaþg sag quf rfquafro jf ugo norbo fkántrano lo pcr ug kopsus jf tafmpc fstapukojc. Ncmputojcrfs jf `cksakkc (XJOs)< Kcs ncmputojcrfs jf `cksakkc, Xfrscgok Jabatok Ossastogt (Osastfgtf jabatok pfrscgok), ncgto`og ncg ko gokajoj jf sfrvar jf crbogazojcr pfrscgok pcrtïtak, jasfÿojcs jf ug tomoÿc iïnak jf troskojor y poro gfs ncgnrftcs, ncmc pcr flfmpkc, nokfgjorac, `kcn jf gctos, rfncrjotcracs, fgtrf ctrcs. Jaspcsatavcs muktamfjao< Jaspcsatavcs quf pfrmatíog ko ugaþg jf voraos ïrfos, ncmc, fk tfxtc, fk scgajc, ko ogamonaþg y fk víjfc, kc quf ncgtra`uyf o ug oknognf muktasfgsacraok, yo quf gc sf pcjío rfokazor ugo scko ontavajoj, sagc voraos fg ncglugtc. Xcr flfmpkc, ko cpnaþg jf vfr víjfcs jfsjf ug ncmputojcr pcrtïtak ncgstatuyf ug flfmpkc jf fstc. Jaspcsatavcs mþvakfs (Mc`akf Jfvanf)< Fstcs jaspcsatavcs mþvakfs c ncmputojcrfs jf `cksakkc ncgto`og ncg ko iugnacgokajoj jf sfr portanukormfgtf pfqufÿcs, kc quf pfrmato su troskojc fg fk jío o jío, sag fm`orbc, scg noponfs jf rfokazor mundos jf kos iugnacgfs jf ugo XN, ncgtogjc ncg noponajoj jf mfmcrao y okmonfgomafgtc y ncg ncgfxaþg o rfjfs dcro jf usorkc.

 

Norontfrístanos jf ko sfxto bfgfronaþg jf ncmputojcros •

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Ko ojfnuo ojfnuona naþg donao donao fk gufv gufvc c sastfmo sastfmo jf Agtfrgf Agtfrgftt Ko gfnfsajoj jf quf fk manrcprcnfsojcr iugnacgosf

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Kcs ovognfs fg ko mfmcrao

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Fk jfso jfsorrc rrckkc kkc man manrc rc y monr monrc c jf mïquag quagos os

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Fk agnrfmfgtc jf ko iugnacgokajoj jfk Agtfrgft

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Kcs ovognfs muktamfjao<

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Ko iugnacgokajoj oncrjf ncg jaspcsatavcs o gavfk manrc 

 

Dorjworf típanc jf ugo ncmputojcro •

  Mcgatcr 

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 Xkono `osf

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  NXV  Mfmcrao POM

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 Zorlfto jf fxpogsaþg

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 Iufgtf jf okamfgtonaþg

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  Vgajoj jf jasnc þptanc

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  Jasnc jurc, jurc, Vgajoj jf fstojc sþkajc

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  Zfnkojc

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  Potþg/Mcusf

 

Orquatfnturo kþbano jf ncmputojcro