SCM270-FlexiblePlanning
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SCM270 Flexible Planning SCM270
Release 640 04/06/2006
0 SCM270 Flexible Planning
SCM270 Flexible Planning
THE BEST-RUN BUSINESSES RUN SAP SAP AG 2004 SAP AG©2003
SAP R/3 Enterprise, Extension Set 1.10 2004/Q1 Material number: 50067615
0.2 Copyright
Copyright 2004 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice.
SAP AG 2004
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0.3 Information Systems Level 3
Level 2 LO020
LO935
5 days
Flexible Planning
Processes in Procurement LO150
5 days
Processes in Sales and Distribution
LO930 2 days Logistics Information System (LIS) Reporting
LO050 5 days Manufacturing Planning & Execution for Discrete & Repetitive
SAP AG 1999
2 days
LO555 2 days Technical Aspects in LIS with Special Focus on PURCHIS/INVCO LO630 2 days Technical Aspects in LIS with Special Focus on SIS LO275 2 days Technical Aspects in LIS with Special Focus on PPIS
AC615 2 days Executive Information System (EIS) 1 Reporting
AC620 2 days Executive Information System (EIS) 2 Setting up the System
CA705 2 days Basics of the Report Painter/Report Writer
CA710 3 days Advanced Functions of the Report Writer
LO940 Advanced LIS Configuration
2 days
0.4 Prerequisites
Essential: Knowledge of content of LO930 - Logistics Information System (LIS) Reporting Recommended: LO050 - Manufacturing Planning & Execution for Discrete & Repetitive
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0.5 Target group
Project team members responsible for planning in the Logistics Information System
SAP AG 1999
Notes to the user The training materials are not teach-yourself programs. They complement the course instructor's explanations. On the sheets, there is space for you to write down additional information.
1 Course Overview
Contents: Course Goals Course Objectives Course Content Course Overview Diagram Main Business Scenario
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1.2 Course Goals
This course will enable you to: Plan based on information structures Use the planning tools in the LIS system Summarize the uses of the planning methods and
differences between them Maintain master data for various planning methods
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1.3 Course Objectives
On completing this course, you will be able to: Outline the differences between Standard SOP and
Flexible Planning Create sales and production plans Use the forecast tool Create planning types, macros and events Perform resource planning and rough-cut capacity
analysis Use mass processing Transfer planning results to Demand Management
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1.4 Course Contents
Preface
Unit 1
Introduction
Unit 7
Events
Unit 2
Planning Methods
Unit 8
Production Planning
Unit 3
Master Data
Unit 9
Mass Processing
Unit 4
Planning Types and Macros
Unit 10
Allocations
Unit 5
General Planning Functions
Unit 11
Conclusion
Unit 6
Statistical Forecast
Appendices
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1.5 Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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1.6 Business Scenario
You are a member of your company‘s planning
implementation team. You must define your info structure, that means your planning levels (characteristics) and key figures you want to plan.
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1.7 Logistics Planning Systems Sales organization Division Sold-to party Material Plant
Sales plans Production plans .
SOP SOP
..
SKUs/ configurable materials
Statement of demand .
Demand Demand Management Management
..
Order and rate proposals BOM explosion Scheduling at work centers Quantities . and dates
MPS/MRP MPS/MRP
..
Production controlled by run schedule headers
Repetitive Repetitive Manufacturing Manufacturing
Production order control
SFC SFC
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Sales & Operations Planning (SOP) is the planning tool of the Logistics Information System (LIS). Sales & Operations Planning (SOP) is a flexible forecasting and planning tool that you can use to set sales, production, and other supply chain and logistics targets. SOP uses historical, existing, and estimated future data to perform planning calculations. You would generally use SOP for medium- to long-term planning. You can also perform resource planning to determine the amounts of the work center capacities and other resources required to meet these targets. SOP supports both high-level planning of complex planning hierarchies and detailed planning of finished products, allowing for either a top-down or a bottom-up approach to planning. SAP based the architecture of the logistics planning system on the MRP II concept.
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1.8 Business Applications of SOP
Sales Planning Production Planning Purchasing Retail
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In SOP, you can plan future sales volumes based on historical data, as well as market intelligence and anticipated trends and changes at your company. You can also perform aggregate sales planning. With SOP, you can keep sales plans consistent at all levels of your organization. Sales planning provides the input for production planning. You typically carry out production planning at product group, finished product, or SKU level. With SOP, you can manage the allocation of scarce products to different customers or customer groups. You can also plan complex products, manufactured in a large number of variants. In purchasing, you can use SOP to plan quotas for multiple sources of supply or to track purchasing budgets. In retail, you can use the SOP system to plan purchasing budgets and monitor open-to-buy.
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1.9 Info Structure Definition
Characteristics
Key figures 398 157
Period unit
Versions
Region Sales organization Material Plant Others Incoming orders Invoiced sales Others Day Week X Month Fiscal year variant Flexible time buckets A00 A00 Active Active 000 000 Actual Actualdata data 001 001 Forecast Forecastbased basedon ontrend trendmodel model 002 Sales incl. market intelligence 002 Sales incl. market intelligence Others Others
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Sales & Operations Planning uses the same data infrastructure as the logistics information systems (for example, the Sales Information System). In other words, the system stores planning data, as well as actual data in information structures. An information structure holds three different types of information: Characteristics are criteria that the system uses to perform data reduction, and includes items such as sales organization, distribution channel, customer, material, and plant. Periods are time units that give the information structures a time reference. The system displays and stores planning data per storage periodicity. This is not necessarily the same as the update period of the information structure. Key figures are values of particular business interest, for example, incoming sales and production quantities. Historical key figure values give a measure of business performance. In addition, SOP allows you to maintain alternative planning scenarios in the same information structure. You do this using planning versions. Version A00 is the active planning version. Use it to maintain your definitive plan. Inactive versions are numerical and consist of three digits. Use them to maintain test plans. Remember that version 000 contains actual data. Do not plan version 000.
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1.10 Flexible Planning: Master Data
Characteristics
Info structure EUROPE
Central
Paris
Region Sales organization Sales office Material
North America USA
North
South
New York
Dallas
(Product groupings or materials)
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The objects you plan in SOP depend on the characteristics in the info structure, and on the sequence of the characteristics in the info structure. By defining the values of the planned characteristics, you create the master data for flexible planning. Some of you may know the structure illustrated in the graphic as the sales forecast hierarchy (SFH).
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1.11 Flexible Planning vs. Standard SOP
Flexible Planning
Standard SOP
Multiple options for customized configuration
Largely preconfigured
Planning hierarchies
Product groups
Consistent, level-by-level, or delta planning
Level-by-level planning
Content and layout of the planning table is user-defined
Standard planning table
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Sales & Operations Planning consists of two elements: flexible planning and standard SOP. The graphic shows you the differences. To access flexible planning, select Logistics → Logistics Controlling → Flexible planning. To access standard SOP, select Logistics → Production → SOP. You can copy the planning table of standard SOP and modify it to suit your company's needs.
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1.12 Use of Copy Management in Planning
Update Rules
S001
Copy data from one info structure to another
S730 Automatic
S140
Periodic Flexible
Info structures SAP AG 2002
You use Copy Management as a tool for managing data in information structures. In Sales Operations Planning, you can use it to copy actual data from a standard information structure to the information structure you want to use for planning. You can therefore carry out comparisons of planned and actual data. Using Copy Management to populate your planned information structures with actual data has performance advantages. The primary benefit is the reduction in the operating system load that results from the decrease in the number of info structures the system must update. (You can also supply planned information structures with actual data through LIS updating.) Another possible use of Copy Management would be to copy data you have planned in one information structure to information structure S140, where you then plan product allocations. You access Copy Management in Customizing for the Logistics Data Warehouse.
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1.13 Standard Analyses: Reporting Techniques Analysis of S730
Drill down to sales offices
Additional Information
Sales Incoming organization orders 100,000
US
Invoiced sales 90,000
Material master Customer master Documents
Sales organization: US
Drill down to customers
Sales office
Incoming orders
Invoiced sales
US North US South
60,000 40,000
50,000 40,000
Sales organization: US Sales office: US North Customer
Incoming orders
Jones, Inc. 25,000 Smith, Inc. 35,000
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Invoiced sales 20,000 30,000
. . .
You can run a standard analysis for any planning version based on consistent planning. Select Environment → Reporting. You can store the standard analysis as a selection version. A selection version is not the same as a planning version.
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1.14 Standard Analyses: Analytical Techniques ABC Analysis
Planned/Actual Comparisons
Sales orders
Previous/Current Year Comparison: Invoiced Sales Customer Planned Actual Difference % Customer 1 $30,000 $40,000 $10,000 33% Customer 2 $66,000 $70,000 $ 4,000 6% Customer 3
A B
+
C Customers
+
Customer Sales Orders No. No. orders
Dual Classification
Order value
Baxter 5000 Taylor 9000 Crowth 6000
3000 15000 9500
100 3000 750
No. orders
Cumulative Curve
Classification Materials (%)
Invoiced sales Incoming orders
12/95 1/96 2/96 3/96 4/96 5/96
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You can use a wide range of functions to examine the underlying key figures and characteristic values of an analysis from a business perspective. All the functions for statistical analyses present information in easy-to-use graphics.
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1.15 Introduction: Summary
Sales & Operations Planning (SOP) is the planning
tool of the Logistics Information System. SOP can be used to plan sales, production, and
other supply chain and logistics activities. The Logistics Information System and Sales &
Operations Planning have the same data infrastructure. Sales & Operations Planning is made up of two
elements: Flexible planning and standard SOP.
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2 Planning Methods
Contents: Uses of the planning methods Consistent planning Level-by-level planning
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2.2 Planning Methods: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Explain the differences between the planning
methods Outline the features and benefits of each
planning method Maintain Customizing for Flexible Planning Summarize performance enhancements
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2.3 Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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2.4 Planning Methods: Business Scenario
You are a member of your company‘s planning
implementation team. You have already created the info structure for the new SOP planning initiative. Now you must decide which planning method will meet your company’s requirements best.
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2.5 Planning Methods
Level-by-level
Top-down
Consistent
Bottom-up & top-down
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Sales & Operations Planning (SOP) supports both top-down and bottom-up planning. The different planning methods support these two approaches in different ways by. It is important to consider your choice of planning method carefully. You cannot define more than one planning method for any information structure. However, you can always create a new information structure with another planning method and copy the original data using Copy Management.
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2.6 Create Consistent Planning
Material AM001 is selected from planning hierarchy You enter an order quantity of 1000 pc. for material AM001:
Automatic disaggregation Region
Material
Plant
Planned qty Proportion
New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey
AM001 AM002 AM003 AM004
0001 0001 0001 0001
600 -
60 %
California California California
AM001 AM002 AM003
1001 1001 1001
400 -
40%
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Consistent planning has two main advantages: Ease of use: you plan your data at one level and can rely on data consistency at all other levels. You can create planning data from any perspective you want. The system uses proportional factors to determine the value of the total in relation to the details. Similarly, the system also determines the value of one detail in relation to another detail using the proportional factors. For more information on the proportional factors, see the Master Data unit. In the example in the graphic, the system uses proportional factors to perform disaggregation.
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2.7 Change Consistent Planning You change incoming orders from 1000 to 2000:
1000
2000
Region
Material
Plant
Order quantity
New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey
AM001 AM002 AM003 AM004
0001 0001 0001 0001
600 100 150 50
California California California
AM001 AM002 AM003
1001 1001 1001
400 200 100
Region
Material
Plant
Order quantity
New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey New Jersey
AM001 AM002 AM003 AM004
0001 0001 0001 0001
1200 100 150 50
California California California
AM001 AM002 AM003
1001 1001 1001
800 200 100
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Planning data can be accessed from any level. You determine the combination, or set, of characteristic values that you want to plan by the values you enter in the initial dialog box when you call the planning screen; in consistent planning, you can specify any, all, or no characteristic values. The system aggregates data dynamically when you call the planning table. In the example in the graphic, a planner has selected material AM001 is selected. He or she is planning the order quantities of this material in all regions and plants. The planner changes the total order quantity from 1000 to 2000 units. The system performs disaggregation automatically based on previously planned data.
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2.8 Consistent Planning Views
Bulbs
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With the consistent planning method, you have a consistent view on your planning data at all times whatever level you decide to plan at. In technical terms, the sum of the key figures at the detailed level gives the key figure at the total level. The example in the graphic shows two possible views: the central planning of all light bulbs in the US and the decentralized planning of standard-sized light bulbs in New Jersey Planning levels are interdependent: changes you make at one planning level have an immediate effect on all the other planning levels. The system carries out aggregation and disaggregation automatically at runtime. Planning is based on a self-defined information structure. Your view on the planning table is non-hierarchical.
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2.9 Save Consistent Planning
Characteristcs
Key figure 65 pc
Sales organization
Distribution channel
Material
30 pc
35 pc
10 pc 20 pc 5 pc 30 pc
Order quantity visible
10 pc 20 pc 5 pc 30 pc
Order quantity stored
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In consistent planning, the system stores data at the detailed level. If you enter the planning table at aggregate level, the system aggregates the key figure values. This procedure has two advantages: You plan your data at one level and can rely on data consistency at all other levels. You can create planning data from any perspective you want.
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2.10 Level-By-Level Planning
Master data Original plan
Changed plan
Incoming orders quantity Foreground
Saved
50
40 50
Sales organization Distribution channel 30 Material
20 10
20 15
100 30
Incoming orders quantity Foreground
Saved
50 20 0
5 20 10010 15 100 5
75
50 40 40
20 10 15
75 5
40
20 10 15
5
Planned incoming order quantities are changed from 30 pc and 20 pc to 75 pc and 40 pc at distribution channel level
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In level-by-level planning, the planning hierarchy levels are independent of each other. The system stores data separately at each planned level. You have a hierarchical view of the data in the planning table. The system does not perform automatic aggregation or disaggregation. Plans at different levels are not necessarily consistent. In level-by-level planning, the system does not automatically fed changes you make at one level to other levels. It is possible to impose data consistency across several planning levels. To disaggregate data, you must use the Edit → Disaggregate line function in the planning table. The system then bases disaggregation on the constant proportional factors from the planning hierarchy. To aggregate data, you must define an aggregation macro in the planning type. The advantage of level-by-level planning is that you get a chance to check your data before passing it on to other levels.
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2.11 Consistent vs. Level-By-Level
Consistent Planning
Level-By-Level Planning
Planned values saved at detailed level only.
Planned values can be saved at all levels.
Entire planning hierarchy can be planned in one transaction (no characteristic values selection).
At least one characteristic value must be specified. Each level must be planned and disaggregated individually
Planning table can be called with gaps in list of selected characteristic values.
Planning table must be called without gaps in list of selected characteristic values.
Planning values are visible: (i) for the characteristic values combination you enter (ii) at the detailed level (iii) at all levels in between
Planning values are visible: (i) for the characteristic values combination you enter (ii) at the level below that
Identical key figures planned at total and detailed level.
Key figures at owner and member levels can be different.
Key figures are defined in the planning type once only.
Key figures must be defined at both owner and member levels in the planning type.
Macros can be calculated at any level.
Macros can be calculated at either owner or member level, depending on how you have defined them.
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Standard SOP always uses the level-by-level planning method. Standard SOP is based on information structure S076.
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2.12 Comparison of the Different Planning Methods Function
Consistent
Level-By-Level
Automatic aggregation Automatic disaggregation based on factors saved in database
Yes Yes
No No
Automatic time-dependent disaggregation based on previous planning data
Yes
No
Create planning hierarchy
Yes
Yes
Planning types/macros Set opening stock automatically in background
Yes Yes
Yes Yes
Forecast
Yes
Yes
Events
Yes
Yes
Resource leveling
Yes
Yes
Background processing Fix key figure values in the planning table Long texts for versions and periods in the planning table
Yes Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Standard analysis for info structure
Yes
No
Transfer to Demand Management
Yes
Yes
No
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2.13 Customizing for Flexible Planning
Field catalogs: key figures
Define planning type Define information structure
Define screen layout
Define macros
Field catalogs: characteristics
Planning method
Planning units
Key figure parameters
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Before working with flexible planning, you must first make a number of settings in Customizing. For example, you must define the planning method of each information structure. You can use only one planning method to plan an information structure. To plan an information structure with a second planning method, create a second information structure based on the first one and then copy the actual data using Copy Management. Then define the planning method of this new information structure. You must define the planning units of each information structure: currency unit period unit (storage periodicity) unit of measure It may happen in either consistent planning or level-by-level planning that the base unit of a material is different than the base unit of the information structure. In this case, you maintain the base unit of the information structure as an alternative unit in the material master record, together with a conversion factor.
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2.14 Performance Enhancements
No user exits No zero column usage No event usage Do not save to forecast DB Planning object check off Key-figure-restricted DB update off ALE permitted Document key figure
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You access the settings listed above in the Customizing activity Set parameters of info structures and key figures. They are all designed to improve the performance of your information structures. The following explains two of them. For a description of the others read the F1 help. Planning object check off If you set this indicator, you improve performance. However, the system does not perform the following checks: Are the selected characteristic value combinations in the planning hierarchy? They might be in actual data of the information structure, but not in the planning hierarchy. Has the planning hierarchy been revised? In the master data menu of Flexible Planning, you have an option for revising the planning hierarchy. This option allows you to exclude one or more characteristic value combinations (planning objects) from the planning process. When you call the planning table, the system checks to see which characteristic value combinations you are planning for this information structure. Key figure restricted DB update off You can improve performance if you set this indicator. However, the system cannot save two planning types of an information structure simultaneously because it reads all the key figures in the information structure when it saves a planning type based on the information structure. If you do not set this indicator, the system automatically locks and saves only those key figures contained in one planning type. This means that two or more planning types of an information structure can be saved at the same time.
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2.15 Planning Methods: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Explain the differences between the planning
methods Outline the features and benefits of each
planning method Maintain Customizing for Flexible Planning Summarize performance enhancements
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2.16Data Used in the Exercises Data
Data in Training System
Data in IDES System
Information Structure
S630 to S650
S630 to S650
S140
S140
Sold-to Customers
1001, 1175
1001, 1175
1002,1012,1033,1174, 1300, 1670, 1671, 1900, 1901, 2004, 2140, 2200, 2300, 2500, 14000, 99999
1002,1012,1033,1174, 1300, 1670, 1671, 1900, 1901, 2004, 2140, 2200, 2300, 2500, 14000, 99999
Sales Organization
1000
1000
Distribution Channel
12
12
Division
00 when ordering
00 when ordering
04 when planning
04 when planning
L-40C, L-40F, L-40R,
L-40C, L-40F, L-40R,
L-40Y
L-40Y
L-60C, L-60F, L-60R,
L-60C, L-60F, L-60R,
L-60Y
L-60Y
L-80C, L-80F, L-80R,
L-80C, L-80F, L-80R,
L-80Y
L-80Y
Plant
1200
1200
Storage Location
0001
0001
Materials
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2.17Planning Methods Exercises Unit: Planning Methods Topic: Planning Methods
•
Explain the differences between the three planning methods.
Your sales/forecasting department would like to see changes made to your plan at all levels of the planning structure, at the time the plan is changed. Therefore, the consistent planning method best suits the planning requirements of your organization.
1-1 Using the Implementation Guide (IMG), verify the planning parameters of your info structure S630 + ##. The parameters should have at least the following: Field Name
Input Data
Planning Method
K (consistent)
Exchange rate type
M
Statistics currency
UNI
Base unit of measure
CAR (carton)
Planning periods
M
Capacity figure 1.1.1
What is the menu path in the IMG for changing the planning parameters for an info structure? The information message The table is client-independent advises you that each change you make will have an effect on all other clients in the system. Press Enter to continue.
______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
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2.18Planning Methods Solutions Unit: Planning Methods Topic: Planning Methods
1-1 Using the Implementation Guide (IMG), verify the planning parameters of your info structure S630 + ##. The parameters should have at least the following: Field Name
Input Data
Planning Method
K (consistent)
Exchange rate type
M
Statistics currency
UNI
Base unit of measure
CAR (carton)
Planning periods
M
Capacity figure 1-1-1 What is the menu path in the IMG for changing the planning parameters for an info structure? The information message The table is client-independent advises you that each change you make will have an effect on all other clients in the system. Press Enter to continue. Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing → Edit Project → SAP Reference IMG Logistics - General → Logistics Information System (LIS) → Planning → Master data → Set parameters for info structures and key figures Or Production → Sales and Operations Planning (SOP) → Master data → Set parameters for info structures and key figures Scroll down to your info structure S6## and then double-click on the table
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3 Master Data
Contents: Planning hierarchy Product group Proportional factors Version management
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3.2 Master Data: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Name the differences between master data for
Flexible Planning and Standard SOP Explain how to create master data Outline the role of the proportional factors
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3.3 Master Data: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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3.4 Master Data: Business Scenario
Your company builds its forecast based on the history of invoiced quantity for the same quarter of the previous year. You expect your product mix to be consistent. Therefore, you can build your planning hierarchy and calculate your proportional factors based on this history.
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3.5 Characteristic Values to be Planned
Characteristics Sales organization
Values USA Europe Paris
Dallas
Boston
Sales office
Jones, Inc.
Smith, Inc.
Customer
L - 40F L - 60F L - 60C
Material
L - 100F L - 100C
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You create the master data for Flexible Planning by specifying the values of the characteristics you want to plan. You do this in a planning hierarchy. For consistent planning and level-by-level planning, you need to create a planning hierarchy before you can plan. A planning hierarchy is based on an information structure. You can create only one planning hierarchy per information structure.
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3.6 Planning Hierarchies
Characteristics
Info structure
EUROPE
Central
Paris
Region Sales organization Sales office Material
USA North America
North
South
New York
Dallas
(Product groupings or materials)
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The objects you plan in SOP depend on the characteristics in the info structure, and their sequence. By defining the values of the planned characteristics, you create the master data for Flexible Planning. You do this in a planning hierarchy. You can only create one planning hierarchy per information structure. In a planning hierarchy, the characteristic values represent the organizational levels at which you want to plan. To create a planning hierarchy manually, choose Master data → Planning hierarchy → Create from the Flexible Planning menu. You have already defined the default units of a planning hierarchy in the Customizing step Set parameters of info structures and key figures. These are period unit, base unit of measure, and currency.
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3.7 Automatic Creation of a Planning Hierarchy
Characteristic value combinations found in version 000
1997 Eur Central Paris M1 Eur Central Paris M2 Eur Central Paris M3 Eur Central Paris M4 Eur Central Paris M5 USA North NY M6 USA North NY M7 USA North NY M8 USA North NY M9 USA North NY M10 USA South Dal. M11 USA South Dal. M12 USA South Dal. M13 USA South Dal. M14 USA South Dal. M15 USA South Dal. M16 USA South Dal. M17
x x x x x x x x x x x x x
1998 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Data is filtered using method
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You can create a planning hierarchy automatically based on actual data (version 000) or existing planned data (versions A00-999). To create a planning hierarchy automatically based on actual data, choose Master data → Generate master data. It is often not necessary, or even desirable, to plan all products sold to all customers, including materials rarely sold. SAP offers you two ways to filter out characteristic value combinations (that is, data records) for planning: Specify a time frame Define your own method in Customizing A method is a program or programs written by your company to perform a clearly defined, highly specific task when certain conditions are met. For example, a method allows you to perform complex transformations on statistical data. One possible method would be to select materials or customers by their ABC indicator. For example, you might want to plan A materials individually, and B and C materials in collective planning objects. You can simulate the results of this automatic creation function. This lets you see how many characteristic value combinations the system would find in the specified time frame and therefore helps you decide how best to create the planning hierarchy.
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3.8 Proportional Factors for Consistent Planning
Info structure S624 Europe
40%
60%
100%
30% L-40F 12%
USA 50%
50%
Paris
Dallas
Boston
100%
100%
100%
Smith, Inc.
Jones, Inc.
Baker, Inc.
20% L-60F 8%
50%
70%
30%
20%
80%
L-100F
L-40F
L-60F
L-60F
L-100F
20%
21%
9%
6%
24%
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In consistent planning, disaggregation is based on the proportional factors between the total level and the detailed level. You can store constant proportional factors in the planning hierarchy. These proportional factors are not specific to any one key figure, characteristic value, or period. You can calculate constant proportional factors for consistent planning one of two ways: Using actual data Using the proportions already maintained between adjacent levels in the planning hierarchy To calculate the proportional factors for consistent planning on the basis of actual data, choose Master data → Calculate proportions → Using actual data from the flexible planning menu. To calculate the proportional factors for consistent planning on the basis of the level-to-level proportions in the planning hierarchy, choose Master data → Calculate proportions → Using planning hierarchy from the flexible planning menu. You can override the constant proportional factors in the planning table at any time. If you do this, however, the system bases subsequent disaggregation on the new proportional factors, which the system derives from the detailed planning data, and not on the constant proportional factors. To re-apply the constant proportional factors to a specific key figure in the planning table, you must choose Edit → Disaggregate line.
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3.9 Proportional Factors for Level-By-Level Planning
Info structure S625 Europe
40%
60%
100%
30% L-40F
USA 50%
50%
Paris
Dallas
Boston
100%
100%
100%
Smith, Inc.
Jones, Inc.
Baker, Inc.
20% L-60F
50% L-100F
70% L-40F
30% L-60F
20% L-60F
80% L-100F
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Using proportional factors, you describe the dependencies of the individual nodes in a planning hierarchy or a product group hierarchy more closely. These factors allow you to disaggregate planning data through the planning hierarchy. The planning method determines whether or not this happens automatically (see the Planning Methods Unit). In level-by-level planning, the system performs disaggregation based on the proportional factors between adjacent planning levels. This applies both to Standard SOP and to information structures in Flexible Planning for which you have defined level-by-level planning. You can create these proportional factors manually or automatically. In most cases, you base this calculation on the actual data in version 000. However, you can also use any planning version. To create the proportional factors for level-by-level planning automatically, you have two choices: Create them for a single level in the planning hierarchy or product group with Edit → Calculate proportions or Create them for multiple levels of the planning hierarchy or product group with Master data → Calculate proportions → Using actual data or Product group → Calculate proportions
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3.10 Product Group Hierarchy
Lightbulbs Plant 9999
Line "clear"
Line "frosted" Plant 0001
40 watt
Plant 0001
60 watt
Plant 0001
Plant 0002
40 watt
Plant 0002
60 watt
Plant 0002
100 watt Plant 0002
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You create the master data for standard SOP by maintaining one or more product groups. A product group can consist of either additional product groups or materials. In a product group, you can group together products according to any criteria (distribution, production method, and so on). For each product group, the system creates a material master record of material type PROD. Enter both product groups and materials with a plant reference. For each product group member, enter a description, a unit of measure, a units of measure conversion factor (if the unit of the member is different than the owner unit), and an aggregation factor. You can perform cross-plant planning. You can perform planning out at the material or product group level Use level-by-level planning with product groups. Standard SOP always uses the level-by-level planning method. Standard SOP is based on information structure S076.
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3.11 Version Management
Info Structure
A00 Active Version
001 Simulation 1
002 Simulation 2
000 Actual Data
Copy Demand Mgt.
Updating
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3.12 Master Data: Summary
You are now able to: Name the differences between master data for Flexible Planning and Standard SOP Explain how to create master data Outline the role of the proportional factors
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3.13Master Data Exercises Unit: Master Data Topic: Planning Hierarchy
• Explain the two ways of creating master data for flexible planning. • Outline the role of the proportional factors.
Your company builds its forecast based on the history of invoiced quantity for the same quarter of the previous year. You expect your product mix to be consistent. Therefore, you can build your planning hierarchy and calculate your proportional factors based on this history. 1-1 The following is the forecast input sheet your organization has been using to load forecasts into your legacy system. It shows actual data collected for the prior year, allowing space for your sales force to enter the sales forecast in currency values. Your info structure S630 + ## already supports this format. Create a planning hierarchy for your info structure that supports the data on the following sheet:
Sales Organization 1000 Germany Frankfurt Customer 1000 Becker Berlin
Division 04 – Lighting, Plant 1200
Material
L-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-40C 40 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 500 600 700 800 900 Sales Forecast Qty
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Sales Organization 1000 Germany Frankfurt Customer 1175 Elektromarkt Bamby
Division 04 – Lighting, Plant 1200
Material
L-60C 60 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 500 600 700 800 900 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-40C 40 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 250 300 350 400 450 Sales Forecast Qty 1-1-1 Based on this input sheet, what are the planning levels you will enter into your planning hierarchy?
0.2.13
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1-1-2 Based on the above structure, begin entering your planning hierarchy. •
When creating the planning hierarchy for the first time, leave the characteristics blank. A message will be displayed about the proportional factors. Because we are not entering proportional factors, select All maintnce to bypass this message.
Don’t forget to enter the data for both Sold-to Parties.
•
Leave all the aggregation and proportion factors blank for now, because we will let the system calculate the proportions based on actual data.
1-1-3 What is the menu path for this function? 1-1-4 Display the hierarchy graphic for your planning hierarchy thus far. How many boxes (nodes) does it have? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 1-2 You have decided entering the planning hierarchy is a tedious task. Since you forecast based on your history of invoiced quantity, automatically build your planning hierarchy based on last 12 month (including the current month). When you perform this function for the first time, select the simulation indicator. For the second run, turn off the simulation indicator. 1-2-1 What version will you use to base your planning hierarchy? _________________________________________________________ 1-2-2 When you have rerun this step with the simulation indicator turned off, display your planning hierarchy, including the hierarchy graphic. 1-2-3 What additional sold-to partner(s) were created? _________________________________________________________ 1-2-4 What materials were created for this partner? _________________________________________________________ 1.2.5
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_________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 1-3 Automatically create proportional factors for your planning hierarchy. • Base this calculation on actual values of the key figure ”invoiced qty.” •
Make sure that the proportions are adjusted in the planning hierarchy.
•
Use the last six month for the calculation 1-3-1 What version will you use to calculate your proportional factors? _________________________________________________________ 1-3-2 Display your planning hierarchy. Where do you see the proportional factors? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 1-3-3 Why is a proportional factor of zero calculated for sold-to partner 1000? _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________
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3.14Master Data Solutions Unit: Master Data Topic: Planning Hierarchy
1-1 The following is the forecast input sheet your organization has been using to load forecasts into your legacy system. It shows actual data collected for the prior year, allowing space for your sales force to enter the sales forecast in currency values. Your info structure S630 + ## already supports this format. Create a planning hierarchy for your info structure that supports the data on the following sheet:
Sales Organization 1000 Germany Frankfurt Customer 1000 Becker Berlin
Division 04 – Lighting, Plant 1200
Material
L-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-40C 40 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 500 600 700 800 900 Sales Forecast Qty
Sales Organization 1000 Germany Frankfurt Customer 1175 Elektromarkt Bamby
Division 04 – Lighting, Plant 1200
Material
L-60C 60 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 500 600 700 800 900 Sales Forecast Qty Material L-40C 40 Watt Clear Light bulbs Month+1 Month+2 Month+3 Month+4 Month+5 Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 (C) SAP AG
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Last Year’s Invoiced Qty Sales Forecast Qty
250
300
350
400
450
1-1-1 Based on this input sheet, what are the planning levels you will enter into your planning hierarchy? Sales Org 1000
Division 04
Sold-to Party 1000
Sold-to Party 1175
Material
Material
Material
Material
Material
L-80F
L-40C
L-60C
L-80F
L-40C
Plant 1200
Plant 1200
Plant 1200
Plant 1200
Plant 1200
1-1-2
Based on the above structure, begin entering your planning hierarchy •
When creating the planning hierarchy for the first time, leave the characteristics blank. A message will be displayed about the proportional factors. Because we are not entering proportional factors, select All maintnce to bypass this message.
Don’t forget to enter the data for both Sold-to Parties.
Leave all the aggregation and proportion factors blank for now, because we will let the system calculate the proportions based on actual data.
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Logistics → Logistics controlling → Flexible planning → Master data → Planning hierarchy → Create Enter your info structure S630 + ##. Click the green check button twice. On the Create Planning Hierarchy screen, enter sales organization 1000. Choose [Next level]. Enter division 04. Choose [Next level]. Enter Sold-to 1000 and 1175. Choose [Next level]. Continue entering data using the input sheet above. When you are finished, choose [Save]. 1-1-3 What is the menu path for this function? Logistics → Logistics controlling → Flexible planning → Master data → Planning hierarchy → Create 1-1-4 Display the hierarchy graphic for your planning hierarchy thus far. How many boxes (nodes) does it have? Planning hierarchy → Graphics Enter Info Structure S-##, choose Enter. Leave the characteristics blank. The number of nodes is 14 + 1 for the planning hierarchy S##. 1-2 You have decided entering the planning hierarchy is a tedious task. Since you forecast based on your history of invoiced quantity, automatically build your planning hierarchy based on the last 12 month (including the current month). When you perform this function for the first time, select the simulation indicator. For the second run, turn off the simulation indicator. From the Flexible Planning menu: Master data → Generate master data Enter your info structure S630 + ##. Enter version 000. Enter the date range specified above. Be sure the simulation indicator is selected for the first time you run this step. [Execute] Green-arrow back. Turn the simulation indicator off. [Execute] 1-2-1 What version will you use to base your planning hierarchy? Version 000 – Actual data (C) SAP AG
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1-2-2 When you have rerun this step with the simulation indicator turned off, display your planning hierarchy, including the hierarchy graphic. From the Flexible Planning menu: Master data → Planning hierarchy → Display Enter your info structure S630 + ##. Leave the characteristics blank. Drill down to each level in the planning hierarchy using the [Next level] button. To see the graphic, choose [Hierarchy graphic]. 1-2-3 What additional sold-to partner(s) were created? 1001 and 1300 1-2-4 What materials were created for this partner? L-40F, L-40Y, L-60Y and L-80F... 1-2-5 What is the difference between your manual entries and the automatically created entries? Your manual entries have proportional factors of 0. The automatically created entries have factors of 100. Technically, there is no difference between these entries. The behavior of these entries will all be the same. 1-3 Automatically create proportional factors for your planning hierarchy. • Base this calculation on actual values of the key figure ”invoiced qty.” •
Make sure that the proportions are adjusted in the planning hierarchy.
•
Set the indicator ”Consistent planning: adjust plng hierarchy proportions.” Use the last six month for the calculation From the Flexible Planning menu: Master data → Calculate proportns. → Using actual data Enter your info structure S630 + ##. Select ”Consistent planning: Adjust plng hierarchy proportions.” Choose [Enter]. Use version 000. Use the date range specified above. Select invoiced quantity. 1-3-1 What version will you use to calculate your proportional factors? Version 000 1-3-2 Display your planning hierarchy. Where do you see the proportional factors? Master data → Planning hierarchy → Display
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The proportional factors are displayed at each level of the planning hierarchy, relative to the level above. 1-3-3 Why is a proportional factor of zero calculated for sold-to partner 1000? Because there are no actual data for sold-to partner 1000
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4 Planning Types and Macros
Contents: Planning types Include actual data Performance enhancements Drill down functionality Variable time buckets Macros
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4.2 Planning Types and Macros: Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Create your own planning type Outline the use of planning type info Create your own macros Explain different ways to execute macros
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4.3 Planning Types and Macros: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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4.4 Planning Types and Macros: Business Scenario
Management would like to store all planning data, both sales and production, in the same structure. Different departments would like to have different views of their relevant data. Additionaly, certain user groups should be allowed to display but not change certain key figures.
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4.5 Planning Types
Planning type: SALES
Info Structure
Version A00
Incoming orders qty. Incoming orders Invoiced quantity Invoiced sales Production qty. Stock level Target stock level Days‘ supply Target days‘ supply
Version 001
Incoming ord. qty. Incoming orders Invoiced quantity Invoiced sales
Planning type: PRODUCTION
Sales Production qty. Stock level Target stock level
SAP AG 2002
In Flexible planning, you can create your own customized planning screens, referred to as planning types. A planning type is a self-defined view on the planning data in an information structure. You can create as many planning types as you need for an information structure. To create a planning type, choose Tools → Planning type/macro → Create in Flexible planning or carry out the Customizing step Maintain planning types. In level-by-level planning, you define each level of the planning type separately.
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4.6 Create a Planning Type 1
The Theplanning planningtype type determines the determines thehorizon horizon and andthe thetime timegrid gridof of planning planning
Planning Table:
Include Includeactual actualdata data from Version from Version000 000 in inthe theplanning planningtable table
You Youcan cancreate createmacros macros in the planning in the planningtype type to calculate key figures to calculate key figures
The Theplanning planningtype type determines which determines which key keyfigures figuresare aredisplayed displayed in the planning table in the planning table SAP AG 2002
A planning type is a customized view on the planning table; for example, you might have one view for the sales planner and another view for the production planner. A planning type defines the content and layout of the lines in the planning table, as well as the mathematical operations, in the form of macros, which the system can perform on these lines. A planning type is based on any information structure of your choice (either a standard information structure or a self-defined information structure). You therefore have almost unlimited possibilities with regard to the information you can plan. The actions you perform to create a planning type are: Creating planning type info Assigning a key figure to a line Creating lines in the planning table Defining line attributes Defining macros Using special operators to define macros for stock balance, production, days' supply, and historical totals Translating planning type, freely defined line, and macro texts
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4.7 Create a Planning Type 2
Define: Define: •• drilling drillingdown down •• performance performance •• extended extendedselection selection screen screen
Planning type Info structure Invoiced sales Actual sales Proport. Event Correct. sales
Define Defineline linetype: type: •• output line output line •• planning planningline line •• aggregation aggregation •• averaging averaging Insert Insertevent eventlines lines
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The aggregate planning indicator in the planning type info enables: Drilldown in the planning table Variable time buckets Saving of fixed values Performance enhancements If you set the indicator, the system aggregates the key figure values by the database server, and transfers only the totals to the application server. If you do not set this indicator, the system transfers the details to the application server, which aggregates them. The system automatically sets the indicators for planning types that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1 when you upgrade.
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4.8 Defining a Planning Table Select key figures from info structure
- Consistent - Level-by-level - Delta
- Order value - Confirmed quantity - Open order quantity
Planning table
- Open order value - Delivery quantity - Sales
Planning type
Orig. sales Event Corr. sales Deviation in %
Macro Event/orig. sales * 100 = Deviation in % + -
*
/ etc.
Define additional lines - Event - Corrected sales - Actual data from previous year
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A planning type typically contains a subset of the key figures in the underlying information structure. You can also define additional lines whose contents the system obtains, for example, by the execution of macros. You define macros in a planning type. A macro performs a mathematical operation on an existing field or fields, and returns a new calculated value. You can set up a macro so that the system automatically executes it when the planner enters or leaves the planning screen, or when he presses Enter. In a planning type, you can also insert lines for this year's actual data, last year's actual data, events, and external data. To define which data the system reads into the external data line, you must use the MCP20001 functional enhancement in a Customizing project (transaction CMOD). You set attributes for each line in a planning type.
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4.9 Aggregation and Disaggregation: Determine by Aggregation Type
Define Info Structure Planning method
Define Planning Type
Planning units
Define screen layout
Define macros
Key figure parameters
Set aggregation type
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The aggregation type of a key figure specifies how the system aggregates and disaggregates that key figure. You set the aggregation type in Customizing (either in Set planning parameters for info structures and key figures or in Maintain planning types). The three aggregation types are: The system calculates an average The system calculates a total; the system performs disaggregation based on the proportional factors The system does not perform any aggregation Total calculated is the default aggregation type for planned key figures. The default aggregation type for a freely defined line is no aggregation. For more information, see the IMG.
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4.10 Standard Planning Types
SOPKAPA
SOPKAPAM
SOPDIS
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Standard SOP comes with three planning types: SOPKAPA: the system uses this for the single-level planning of a product group SOPKAPAM: the system uses this for the planning of an individual material SOPDIS: the system uses this for dual-level planning of a product group You can copy any one of these planning types and then modify it to suit your needs.
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4.11 Aggregate Planning Improved performance Drill down functionality
Aggregated
Database server
Application server Detailed
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Aggregate planning indicator You set this indicator in the planning type by selecting Maintain planning types in Customizing. The database server aggregates key figures in this planning type, and it transports only these totals to the application server. If you do not set this indicator, the database server transports details to the application server, which then aggregates them. The system automatically sets the indicators for planning types that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1 when you upgrade. This indicator enables the following: Improved performance Drill down functionality Flexible time buckets Permanent fixing
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4.12 Variable Time Buckets
3.0
4.0
Database ... W17
W18
W19 ...
Display
W18
W19 ...
... W17
Database ... W17 W18.4 W18.5 W19 ... Display or
... W17 ...
W18
04/97
W19 ... 05/97
Data entry in different time buckets possible Aggregation and disaggregation based on predefined time bucket grid SAP AG 2002
You can plan using more than one period indicator. For these indicators, you let the system generate a technical period that it saves as a fiscal year variant. You must set the planning method of the information structure to consistent planning. The following example explains how to plan in weeks and months. Example: Set the information structure parameters for this function in Set parameters of info structures and key figures as follows: 1.Press F4 on the Planning periods field. (The Storage periodicity field is not ready for input.) 2.In the Planning periods box on the next screen, enter W and M in the PI column. 3.Enter a name for your technical fiscal year variant. This name should consist of two letters. 4.Enter a generation horizon. This horizon should encompass the planning horizon – both past and future periods – that you wish to plan with this information structure. 5.Save these settings. The system automatically generates a technical fiscal year variant. Return to the Information Structure Parameters screen. The name of your technical fiscal year variant (see step 3) appears as the fiscal year variant. A G appears in the Planning periods field. This G stands for generated. Define the sequence of the periods in the planning type info.
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4.13 Macros
Record function: standard operators Record function: special macros for production, stock balance, days' supply, and historical totals Create function Functional enhancement MCP20002 (macro "User...")
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You define very simple macros with the Record function. Follow the instructions at the bottom of the screen. You define more complicated macros with the Create function. To calculate production, stock balance, days' supply, or a historical total, you can use one of the special macros provided by SAP. To write your own, highly complex macro, use functional enhancement MCP20002 in a Customizing project (transaction CMOD). The macro name must begin with the string USER.
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4.14 Standard Macro Operations Operand 1 (mandatory)
Operator +
Operand 2 (optional)
Result
– * Key figure
/ >
Key figure or numerical value
Key figure
< = Key figure
=V
Key figure
Key figure owner
DM
Key figure member
Key figure member
AM
Key figure owner
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You record or create a macro with the aid of predefined operators. In level-by-level planning, you must define the level at which the system executes a macro – either the owner or member level.
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4.15 Automatic Macro Execution
Event
Macro
Read data
INITIAL
Enter Read data Save data
DEFAULT
Save data
FINAL
Time
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You can specify that the system is to execute a macro automatically for a particular planning type. The three ways to execute a macro automatically are: The system runs the initial macro whenever you call up the planning table. The system runs the default macro whenever you regenerate the planning table, (for example, when you press Enter), or when you call up or save the planning table. This can result in the macro running several times. The system runs the final macro immediately before saving the data. To define a macro for automatic execution, choose Goto → Planning type info from the planning type menu. Alternatively or in addition, you can write macros that you can execute manually at any time in the planning table (with Edit → Macro).
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4.16 Planning Types and Macros: Summary
You are now able to: Create your own planning type Outline the use of planning type info Generate your own macros Explain different ways to execute macros
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4.17Planning Types and Macros Exercises Unit: Planning Types and Macros Topic: Planning Types
•
Create your own planning type
Management would like to store all planning data, both sales and production, in the same structure. You must determine if the default planning table layout is sufficient for your requirements. Management would like a separate view of the data for the sales personnel and the production planners. For the SALES view, management wants to see the forecast values for invoiced sales and have a running comparison to actual sales. In addition, they want to see last year’s sales as well as the invoiced quantity for the current year and last year.
1-1 The following is your current forecast input data sheet. Your sales force completes this form on a rolling monthly schedule, always starting with the actual calendar month. Note that when your sales representatives receive this form, either electronically or hard copy, the last year’s historical values are populated. The sales force must fill in this year’s sales quantity forecast. Sales Organization 1000 Germany Customer 1001 Lampen-Markt GmbH Month 1 Sales Forecast Qty Actual Invoiced Qty Last Year’s Invoiced Qty Actual Invoiced Sales Last Year’s Invoiced Sales
Division 04 – Lighting MaterialL-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month 2
Month 3
Month 4
Month 5
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
1-1-1 Create a planning type, ZSALES-##, to simulate this form, where ## is your group number. Assign the info structure S630 + ## to the planning type. Be sure your planning type has the following features: (C) SAP AG
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•
Include your group number in the description of your planning type.
•
Allow the sales representative to plan 12 months of the sales forecast, starting with this month.
•
Allow the sales representative to see the history up to 15 months, but do not allow changes to the history.
•
Create a line for entering the sales quantity forecast. This line will come from adding the field Invoiced Quantity to your planning type and changing the description to Sales Forecast Qty.
•
Include this year’s and previous year’s actual invoiced quantity, allowing the sales reps to compare against the forecast as you go forward in time.
•
Include this year’s and last year’s actual invoiced sales values. Note: You must include the line Invoiced Sales in the planning type to include Actual Invoiced Sales and Previous Year Invoiced Sales, even if you are not forecasting this line. To prevent this line from being displayed, change the line attributes from planning line to auxiliary line.
•
Save your new planning type. Note: You will be prompted by a dialog box to enter a transport and correction request. Follow these steps: 1. Select Create request. 2. Enter a description. Include your group’s number in the text. 3. Save. A task number will be assigned automatically. You can use this number in subsequent exercises.
1-2 Using your new planning type, go to interactive planning without entering characteristics and create version 001 for your info structure. 1-2-1 What is the difference between the forecast lines in your plan and the actual data key figures? _____________________________________________________________ 1-2-2 What version stores the actual data? _____________________________________________________________ 1-2-3 Use the left and right scroll arrows below the planning table. How far to the left can you go? How far to the right? Why? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
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1-2-4 Using this new planning type, which month is the earliest you can manipulate the forecast values? _____________________________________________________________
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Exercises Unit: Planning Types and Macros Topic: Macros
•
Create macros within your planning types
Management would like to see how sales are progressing relative to last year’s plan. They would like to see the total difference and, optionally, the percent deviation. They would like to see this information at each level in the planning table.
2-1 Create a macro for planning type ZSALES-## comparing current sales to this year’s plan. Define this macro to calculate automatically in your planning table. 2-1-1 Add a new output line to your planning type to accommodate this new field. Make sure this value will be seen at each level in the planning table. Give this field a meaningful name, such as Sales Difference. 2-1-2 Using the Record macro function, create a macro called DIFFERENCE that calculates the difference between current actual invoiced sales and the invoiced sales forecast. Use the formula SALES DIFFERENCE = SALES FORECAST QTY – ACTUAL SALES
The system provides prompts in the lower-left corner of the steps for recording a macro.
2-1-3 Edit the definition of your macro. Using F1 Help, describe the functionality of the S column in the Change Macro feature. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (C) SAP AG
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____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2-1-4 Set up your planning type so your macro is calculated automatically. 2-1-5 Save your planning type. 2-2 Using your new planning type, change the inactive version 001 you already created. 2-2-1 Enter 1000 units sales forecast qty for the actual month and select Enter. Where is the result of the macro calculation displayed? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2.2.2
Is the new field stored in the info structure when the plan is saved?
____________________________________________________________ 2.2.3 *2-3
Save your version.
Create a new macro to calculate the percent deviation of your actual sales from your sales forecast. Be sure this macro, as well as your first macro, calculates automatically when using your planning type. 2-3-1 Add two new fields to your planning type: Temp1 – to use for an intermediate calculation Percent Deviation - for displaying the new calculated value Make sure the Percent Deviation is an output line that will be displayed at each level of the planning table. 2-3-2 Using the Create macro function, create a macro called DEVIATION to calculate the percent deviation. Use the formula DEVIATION = SALES DIFFERENCE / SALES FORECAST QTY* 100 2-3.3 Set all macros you have defined to calculate automatically in the planning table.
*2-4
Using your planning type, change the version of your plan from above. 2-4-1 Is the percent deviation line populated automatically? ____________________________________________________________ 2-4-2 Change some forecast values. Does the percent deviation line change? ____________________________________________________________
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4.18Planning types and Macros Solutions Unit: Planning Types and Macros Topic: Planning Types
1-1 The following is your current forecast input data sheet. Your sales force completes this form on a rolling monthly schedule, always starting with the actual calendar month. Note that when your sales representatives receive this form, either electronically or hard copy, the last year’s historical values are populated. The sales force must fill in this year’s sales quantity forecast. Sales Organization 1000 Germany Division 04 – Lighting Customer 1001 Lampen-Markt GmbH Material L-80F 80 Watt Frosted Light bulbs Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Sales Forecast Qty Actual Invoiced Qty Last Year’s Invoiced Qty 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 Actual Invoiced Sales Last Year’s Invoiced Sales 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 1-1-1 Create a planning type, ZSALES-## to simulate this form, where ## is your group number. From the Flexible Planning menu: Tools → Plng.Type/Macro → Create Planning type: ZSALES-##. Do not copy an existing planning type Specify Info structure: S630 + group number Be sure your planning type has the following features: •
Include your group number in the description of your planning type. Text: Planning type for Sales Group ##
•
Allow the sales representative to plan 12 months of the sales forecast, starting with this month. Enter the current month into the Planning start date
•
Allow the sales representative to see the history up to 15 months, but do not allow changes to the history. Enter Future periods: 12 and Historical periods: 15 Ensure Ready for input is deactivated. Press Enter to continue
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•
Create a line for entering the sales quantity forecast. This line will come from adding the field Invoiced Quantity to your planning type and changing the description to Sales Forecast Qty. To add the field Invoiced Qty, Edit → Assign structure or [Add structure row] Select Invoiced quantity. To change the description to Sales Forecast Qty, you can type over the existing description, or Edit → Row attributes Select Freely defined text and enter the text Sales Forecast Qty.
•
Include this year’s and previous year’s actual invoiced quantity, allowing the sales reps to compare against the forecast as you go forward in time. To add this year’s and previous year’s actual invoiced quantity, place your cursor on the field Sales Forecast Qty, Edit → Actual data or [Actual data] Edit → Actual data, prev. yr or [Actual data, prev. yr]
•
Include this year’s and last year’s actual invoiced sales values. Note: You must include the line Invoiced Sales in the planning type to include Actual Invoiced Sales and Previous Year Invoiced Sales, even if you are not forecasting this line. To prevent this line from being displayed, change the line attributes from planning line to auxiliary line. To add the field Invoiced sales, Edit → Assign structure Select Invoiced sales. To add this year’s and the previous year’s invoiced sales, place your cursor on the field Invoiced sales, Edit → Actual data, prev. yr Edit → Actual data To prevent the field Invoiced sales from displaying in your plan, follow the menu path Edit → Row attributes Select Auxiliary line.
•
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Save your new planning type.
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Note: You will be prompted by a dialog box to enter a transport and correction request. Follow these steps: 4. Select Create request. 5. Enter a description. Include your group’s number in the text. 6. Save. A task number will be assigned automatically. You can use this number in subsequent exercises.
1-2 Using your new planning type, go to interactive planning without entering characteristics and create version 001 for your info structure. From the Flexible Planning menu 1. Planning → Create 2. Enter your new planning type ZSALES-##. 3. Leave the characteristics blank. 4. Confirm version 001. Your screen should look similar to the following: Sales Organization
Division
Sold-to Party
Material
Plant Version
001
Aggregate information
Un
Sales Forecast Qty
CA R
PrvYrAct Invoiced qty
Version 001
Inactive
M 05.1998
M 06.1998
M 07.1998
M 08.1998
M 09.1998
M 10.1998
1068
2750
2090
2168
2274
3996
805164
2063472
1559754
1623144
1702468
8835844
Actual Invoiced Qty PrvYrAct Invoiced Sales Actual Invoiced Sales
1-2-1 What is the difference between the forecast lines in your plan and the actual data key figures? The forecast lines are open for data entry. The actual data is display only. 1-2-2 What version stores the actual data? Version 000. 1-2-3 Use the left and right scroll arrows below the planning table. How far to the left can you go? How far to the right? Why? (C) SAP AG
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You can go 15 months to the left (history) and 12 months to the right (forecast horizon). This is controlled in the planning type info screen. 1-2-4 Using this new planning type, which month is the earliest you can manipulate the forecast values? From the current month. 1-2-5 Save your version.
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Unit: Planning Types and Macros Topic: Macros
2-1 Create a macro for planning type ZSALES-## comparing current sales to this year’s plan. Define this macro to calculate automatically in your planning table. From the Flexible Planning menu Tools → Plng.Type/Macro → Change Enter your new planning type ZSALES-##. 2-1-1 Add a new output line to your planning type SALES to accommodate this new field. Make sure this value will be seen at each level in the planning table. Give this field a meaningful name, such as Sales Difference. 1. Edit → Add row 2. On the new blank line, type Sales Difference. 3. Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘output line’ and ‘total created.’ 2-1-2 Using the Record macro function, create a macro called DIFFERENCE that calculates the difference between current actual invoiced sales and the invoiced sales forecast. Use the formula DIFFERENCE = FORECAST – ACTUAL The system provides prompts in the lower-left corner of the steps for recording a macro. Macro → Record 1. Macro: DIFFERENCE (this is not case sensitive) Description: Difference between forecast and sales 2. First line: double-click on Sales Forecast Qty 3. Operation: single-click on minus sign button (subtract) 4. Second line: double-click on Actual Invoiced Quantity 5. Results line: double-click on Sales Difference 6. Single-click on the Exit Macro button to end the recording of the macro. 7. Save your macro. 2-1-3 Edit the definition of your macro. Using F1 Help, describe the functionality of the S column in the Change Macro feature. (C) SAP AG
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To see the definition of your macro, Macro → Edit. Select your macro. If you check this box, this macro line will be executed only in selected columns of the planning table. Macro lines for which you do not check this box will be executed in all plannable columns of the planning table, not just in the selected columns. Therefore, to see your macro calculated for all columns in your planning table, do not select this box. 2-1-4 Set up your planning type so your macro is calculated automatically. Goto → Planning type info Enter DIFFERENCE as the default macro. 2-1-5 Save your planning type.
2-2 Using your new planning type, change the inactive version 001 you already created. From the Flexible Planning menu 1. Planning → Change 2. Enter your new planning type ZSALES-##. 3. Leave the characteristics blank. 4. Select Inactive version. Choose the version you created with the forecast tool earlier in the course. 2-2-1 Enter 1000 units sales forecast qty for the actual month and press enter. Where is the result of the macro calculation displayed? The macro is calculated by default upon entry into the planning table. The result is shown in key figure "Sales Difference". 2-2-2 Is the new field stored in the info structure when the plan is saved? No. It is calculated and displayed only within the planning table, because "Sales Difference" is no key figure of the info structure. 2-2-3 Save your version. *2-3
Create a new macro to calculate the percent deviation of your actual sales from your sales forecast. Be sure this macro, as well as your first macro, calculates automatically when using your planning type. From the Flexible Planning menu Tools → Plng.Type/Macro → Change Enter your new planning type ZSALES-##. 2-3-1 Add two new fields to your planning type: Temp1 – to use for an intermediate calculation Percent Deviation - for displaying the new calculated value
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Make sure the Percent Deviation is an output line that will be displayed at each level of the planning table. 1. Edit → Add row 2. On the new blank line, type Temp1. 3. Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘Auxiliary line.’ 4. Edit → Add row 5. On the new blank line, type Percent Deviation. 6. Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘Output line’ and ‘Total created.’ 2-3-2 Using the Create macro function, create a macro called DEVIATION to calculate the percent deviation. Use the formula DEVIATION = SALES DIFFERENCE / SALES FORECAST QTY * 100 Macro → Create 1. Macro: DEVIATION (this is not case sensitive) Description: Percent sales deviation 2. First Operand: Sales Difference For all fields on this screen, the F4 Possible Entries option will list all the valid values. From here, you can select the appropriate value for the field. 3. Op (Operator): / Divide by line 4. Second Operand: Sales Forecast Qty 5. Result: Temp1 On the second line of the macro: 6. First Operand: Temp1 7. Op: * Multiply with Value 8. Second Operand: 100 9. Result: Percent Deviation 10. Save your macro. 2-3-3 Set all macros you have defined to calculate automatically in the planning table. Because you can only default one macro in a planning type, you must include the calculations of all macros into one macro definition. 1. Macro → Edit 2. Select the macro DEVIATION. 3. Place the cursor on the first line of the macro. 4. Edit → Insert row (C) SAP AG
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On the first line (which should be blank): 5. First Operand: Sales Forecast Qty 6. Op: - Subtract line 7. Second Operand: Actual Invoiced Quantity 8. Result: Sales Difference 9. Save the macro. 10. Goto → Planning type info 11. Change the default macro to DEVIATION. 12. Save your planning type. 13. You can delete the macro DIFFERENCE if you like, but this is not necessary. *2-4
Using your planning type, change the version of your plan from above. 2-4-1 Is the percent deviation line populated automatically? Yes. The macro is calculated by default upon entry into the planning table. 2-4-2 Change some forecast values. Does the percent deviation line change? Yes. The macro calculates by default when the Enter key is pressed.
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5 General Planning Functions
Contents: Planning table Drill down in consistent planning Planning views Distribution functions Zero column – totals column Aggregation and disaggregation Fixing of key figures
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5.2 General Planning Functions: Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Navigate in the planning table Use the planning functions Know how to use Aggregate Planning Copy data between info structures
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5.3 Gerneral Planning Functions: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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5.4 General Planning Functions: Business Scenario
As a sales planner, you are planning on selling 30000 cartons of light bulbs during the next six months. You plan on distributing this evenly among the six months. You want to disaggregate these quantities based on prior history.
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5.5 Planning Table Planning
Charact.
Edit
Create Plan: Consistent Planning Extras System Help
Goto
Distribute ...
Region Distribution channel Plant Version
Key figure USA 3 001
Disaggregate line Sales organization Material
0 column ...
On
South
Header area: shows which master data you are planning and which version
Version 001
New, inactive
Aggregated information
Un M 01.1999 M 02.1999 M 03.1999 M 04.1999 M 05.1999 M 06.1999 Incoming orders
$
950000
Incoming orders qty To 1900 Price
Left column: key figures being planned
$
500
1000000
110000
110000
1260000
1380000
2000
2200
2200
2100
2300
500
500
500
600
600
unit in which the key figure is recorded
Input matrix laid out in rows and columns
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The planning table consists of a header area and an input matrix. The header area shows the master data you are planning and the version. The input matrix is laid out in rows and columns. The left column shows the key figures being planned; if desired, you can switch to a display that shows the characteristic values being planned (Views → Key figure format). The right column shows the units of the key figures. You can enter data in any of the following ways: Manually Using distribution operators (+, -, *, /) Copying data from another information structure Extended Selection Screen for Planning Table Access You can plan ranges of characteristic value combinations as well as individual characteristic value combinations. For example, you can plan materials 1 to 3, 5, and 7-9, without planning materials 4, 6, and 10. You specify these ranges in an extended selection screen before accessing the planning table. To activate this selection screen, set the Detailed selection indicator in the planning type. The system sets this indicator automatically for any planning types that you created in Releases 3.0 and 3.1. If you are planning an information structure without a planning type, you get the extended selection screen automatically. To exclude characteristic value combinations from the planning process, choose Pl.hierarchy → Revise.
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5.6 Drill Down in Interactive Planning
North America USA
North
South
Atlanta
Dallas
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Drilling Down in Consistent Planning You can drill down level by level in the planning table of consistent planning. To do so, you must have set the Aggr. planning indicator in the planning type. The system sets this indicator automatically for any planning types that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1.
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5.7 Views in the Planning Table
All key figures view
-
Total view: All key figures at entry level
Incoming ord. qty. Incoming orders
Detailed view: All key figures at member level
Invoiced quantity Invoiced sales
Key figure invoiced sales
+
Key figure view: One key figure at sum and member level
Sum of members Sold-to party 1 Sold-to party 2 Sold-to party 3
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Without the indicator aggregate planning in the planning type info, you can choose: Goto → Total This takes you to the aggregate view on your data. If you are using the consistent planning method, you see the total key figure values for all selected characteristic value combinations. If you are using the level-by-level planning method, you see the total key figure values at owner level. Views → Member This takes you to the detailed view on your data. If you are using the consistent planning method, you see the key figure values at the most detailed level of the characteristic values combination. This is often the material level. If you are using the level-by-level planning method, you see the key figure values at member level. Views → Key figure format When you place your cursor on a key figure and choose this option, you see the values of this key figure for all characteristic values at the detailed level. The sum of these values appears in the top line of the input matrix. You can view the characteristic values in the left column as either numbers or texts. Views → All members This shows you the values of all key figures for all characteristic values at the detailed (consistent planning) or member (level-by-level planning) level. With the indicator aggregate planning in the planning type info, you just drill down the next level.
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5.8 Basic Functions of the Planning Table Places after decimal point
Distribution functions Operator OP Description
6. 123
=
Replace time series values with the value
+
Add the value to the time series
-
Subtract the value from the time series
*
Multiply the time series values by the value
/
Divide the time series values by the value
%
Value as percentage of the time series
etc. ...
Zero column
Row totals
Aggregated information Zero column M 01.1997
Σ
total
Incoming orders Incoming orders qty Price
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You can set the number of decimal places of any key figure and characteristic value. Either the Global Settings made in Customizing for that unit or the number of places shown in the planning table at the time of saving determines the number of decimal places the system saves. You can distribute a value across a selected time series using an operator. The zero column has no particular period unit. Opening stock levels appear here. You can enter other opening values in this column. The zero column is used only if you don‘t have historical data in your planning type (like in Standard SOP), if you did not select any historical periods in the planning type, or if the historical periods are ready for input. You can calculate row totals for all or selected sections of the planning horizon.
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5.9 Permanent Fixing of Values
Total incoming orders quantity: 20,000 pc
3,000 (15%)
3,000 (15%)
Total incoming orders quantity changed to: 30,000 pc
5,000 (25%)
3,000 (10%)
3,000 (10%)
9,545 (32%)
3,000 (10%) 3,000 (15%)
6,000 (30%)
11,454 (38%)
Fixing Fixingatataggregate aggregatelevel levelalso also causes fixing at detailed causes fixing at detailedlevel level
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Saving Key Figures with Fixed Values You can fix the value of a key figure in the planning table such that this value does not change when you change values of the key figure at other planning levels. Since release 4.0 you can save these fixed values. The prerequisites for using this function are: You create the information structure that you use for planning with the Planning possible indicator switched on. The system automatically sets this indicator for any information structures that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1; no manual action is necessary on your part. Before you generate the information structure, you set the fixing indicator for the key figures for which you want to store the fixing. When the system generates the info structure, it automatically creates a new key figure on the database to store fixed values. (See the definition of the database table using transaction SE16). The system does not set this indicator for key figures in information structures that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1; manual action is necessary on your part. You set the Aggr. planning indicator in the planning type. The system fixes key figures values in the database when you fix them in the planning table when you save the planning version. The systems automatically sets this indicator for any planning types that you created in Release 3.0 or 3.1; no manual action is necessary on your part. You can also fix the values of an entire line by double-clicking in the initial column.
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5.10 Units of Measure
Customizing of Info Structure
Master Data (material master record)
Base unit of measure
Base units of measure
Planning Table Toggle Planning unit
Hierarchy unit
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You maintain the base unit of measure in Customizing Set planning parameters for info structures and key figures (transaction MC7F). If you maintain in the Material Master a conversion of alternative units, you can toggle between the base unit and other units.
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5.11 Planning Units
Currency unit USD
DEM
CAD
Planning units Unit of measure PC
BOX
Period unit
TO
P
T M
W
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You enter an exchange rate type with the currency unit. This allows you to convert between different currencies in the planning table. To switch to a different currency unit for a key figure, you overwrite the currency unit on the appropriate line of the planning table. The period unit (storage periodicity) defines the period in which data is called in the planning table and stored on the database. In level-by-level planning, the entry for period unit (storage periodicity) is optional. The planning table is then called in the period unit in which it was last saved. If you did not define a storage period in level-by-level planning, you can change the period unit for part of or all of the planning horizon in the planning table. In consistent planning, you can select a sequence of periods in the planning type info if you generated technical periods in Customizing Set planning parameters for info structures and key figures (transaction MC7F).
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5.12 Copying Key Figures from One Info Structure to Another
Consistent
Consistent
Consistent
Level-by-level
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You can copy key figure values from one information structure to another. These can be either monetary values or quantities. The three standard copying methods are: From consistent planning to consistent planning From consistent planning to level-by-level planning If you need a different combination of planning methods, you must write your own user method in Customizing.
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5.13 Copying Key Figures: Warehouse Split Info structure Version From
S730 003
Planning data is created in information structure
01/01/1997 12/ 31/1997
TO
Key figure Invoiced sales quantity Incoming orders quantity .. .
.. .
0003
Sales organization
0002
Sales organization Sales organization Sales office Customer Material
Individual plans are aggregated
0001 01 1001
Total sales of material
L-60F
Warehouse split
Key figure is selected
Sales: Plant 1200
A Material
Sales: Plant 3200
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The system considers the warehouse split if you copy from an info structure without a plant to an info structure with a plant in the hierarchy. If you perform this action at the product group level, the system automatically aggregates the material data. In Standard SOP, you can then plan the production quotas of different plants. The system treats each combination of material and plant (SKU) as a separate planning object in standard SOP. When the system copies data from Flexible Planning to Standard SOP, it must distribute the material data across all the plants in which you have planned the material. These are the plants you have maintained for that material in the product group. You define this automatic plant distribution (warehouse split) in Customizing (Define proportional distribution across plants). If you make no entries in Customizing, the system distributes the data equally.
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5.14 General Planning Functions: Summary
You are now able to: Navigate in the planning table Use the planning functions Use Aggregate Planning Copy data between info structures
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5.15General Planning Functions Exercises Unit: General Planning Functions Topic: Planning Table • • Navigate in the planning table • Know how to use the planning functions As a sales planner, you plan to sell 30000 cartons of light bulbs during the next six months. You plan on distributing this evenly among the six months. You want to disaggregate these quantities based on prior history.
1-1 Change your sales plan version 001 using your group’s planning type ZSALES-##. 1-1-1 To change a plan at the division 04 level of the planning hierarchy, what characteristics should you specify when entering your plan?
1-1-2 Before you can distribute numbers across months, what must you do?
1-1-3 Using the Distribute function to spread a quantity of 30000 cartons across the next six months at division level of your planning hierarchy. Enter this plan into the key figure Sales Forecast Qty. 1-1-4 Create a column for line totals. Select all columns to be totaled. 1-1-5 How do you get rid of the line total column? 1-1-6 Once you have entered your plan, how can you see all the plan values for the key figure Sales Forecast Qty?
1-2 In the key figure view, at division 04 level, in the current month and next month, change the Sum of Members to 1000. What happens to the detail lines? (C) SAP AG
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1-2-1 Using these two columns for comparison purposes, in the first column only, double the Sum of members line. What happens to the detail lines?
1-2-2 In the first column only, change a value in the detail lines. What happens to the Sum of members line? 1-2-3 In the first column only, enter 1000 in the Sum of Members line again. What happens to the detail lines now?
1-2-4 Disaggregate the row. What happens to the detail lines? 1-2-5 Fix the value of the second member in the first column. 1-2-6 Increase the Sum of Members line to 2000 for the first column. What happens to the detail lines now?
If you switch on the fixing generally, all changed data are fixed automatically You can save the fixing only in aggregate planning for key figures which have the flag fix in customization of the info structure.
1-3 Remaining in the key figure view, make the following changes: 1-3-1 Display the characteristic description 1-3-2 Change the lead column widths to 35 and all other columns to 12. 1-3-3 Change the sequence of the characteristic to Material, Sold-to Party, Sales Organization, Division and Plant. 1-3-4 Drill down the hierarchy until the material level or alternatively to when the detail line includes the material. Change the unit of measure from CAR to PAL. 1-4 Save your plan.
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5.16General Planning Functions Solutions Unit: General Planning Functions Topic: Planning Table
1-1 Change your sales plan version 001 using your group’s planning type ZSALES-##. From the Flexible Planning menu: Planning → Change Specify the planning type ZSALES-##. 1-1-1 To change a plan at the division 04 level of the planning hierarchy, what characteristics should you specify when entering your plan? Enter division 04 as characteristic. If your info structure used level-by-level planning instead of consistent planning, you would be required to enter sales organization 1000 and division 04. 1-1-2 Before you can distribute numbers across months, what must you do? Select the months to distribute by either of two ways: 1. Clicking on the header of each column you want to choose 2. Click on the first and last column. 1-1-3 Using the Distribute function to spread a quantity of 30000 cartons across the next six months at division level of your planning hierarchy. Enter this plan into the key figure Sales Forecast Qty. 1. Edit → Distribute (or click the [Distribute] button) 2. Check the planning horizon to confirm the correct months have been selected. Enter 30000 into the Sales Forecast Qty key figure. Select = = in the Op field (Operator) to distribute the value over the period and replace old values 5. Press [Enter]. Deselect the columns using Edit → select → Deselect periods. 1-1-4 Create a column for line totals. Select all columns to be totaled. Settings → Show row totals → All columns 1-1-5 How do you get rid of the line total column? Settings → Show row totals → Hide
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1-1-6 Once you have entered your plan, how can you see all the plan values for the key figure Sales Forecast Qty? Place your cursor on the key figure ”Sales Forecast Qty.” and select [Key Figure]. To see each level, select the line in which you are interested and drill down. You can drill down using this method until you reach the lowest level. The drilldown icons indicate the directions available. 1-2 In the key figure view, at division 04 level, in the current month and next month, change the Sum of Members to 1000. What happens to the detail lines? The value on these lines proportionally allocates the total of the Sum of Members. 1-2-1 Using these two columns for comparison purposes, in the first column only, double the Sum of members line. What happens to the detail lines? The detail lines increase to total the sum of members line. They retain their original proportions. 1-2-2 In the first column only, change a value in the detail lines. What happens to the Sum of members line? The sum of members line increases to the total of the lines. 1-2-3 In the first column only, enter 1000 in the Sum of Members line again. What happens to the detail lines now? The detail lines total the Sum of members line. They however do not retain their original proportions. The proportions are re-calculated when the detail line was changed. 1-2-4 Disaggregate the row. What happens to the detail lines? The detail lines return to their original proportions. 1-2-5 Fix the value of the second member in the first column. Settings → Firming → Switch on. Double-click on the value. The value should turn red. Double-click on the line,. The line should turn red. 1-2-6 Increase the Sum of Members line to 2000 for the first column. What happens to the detail lines now? The fixed value remains the same. The proportions for the other details lines are re-calculated. Changed values are also fixed. Another double-click makes the value unfixed. If you switch on the fixing generally, all changed data are fixed automatically. You can save the fixing only in aggregate planning for key figures which have the flag fix in customizing of the info structure.
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1-3 Remaining in the key figure view, make the following changes: 1-3-1 Display the characteristic description Settings → Charact. display → Description 1-3-2 Change the lead column widths to 35 and all other columns to 12. Settings → Column width Enter 35 in the lead column and 12 in self-defined. 1-3-3 Change the sequence of the characteristic to Material, Sold-to Party, Sales Organization, Division and Plant. Settings → Choose header info In detail column, change the sequence. 1-3-4 Drill down the hierarchy until the material level, or alternatively to when the detail line includes the material. Change the unit of measure from CAR to PAL. Either overtype the field ”Un” or click on the column, Settings → Units → Change Units. The system will automatically convert, based on the values in the Material Master record. 1-4 Save your plan.
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6 Statistical Forecast
Contents: Forecast models Forecast profiles Forecast versions Outlier control Workdays correction
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6.2 Statistical Forecast: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Carry out a forecast Outline the use of forecast profiles Store and load forecast versions Base the forecast on the number of workdays in a period
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6.3 Statistical Forecast: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 2002
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6.4 Statistical Forecast: Business Scenario
Management wants to create a sales plan based on the historical data for the invoiced quantity. They also want to see the difference between calculating the forecast at the aggregate and disaggregate levels.
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6.5 Forecast
Consumption Consumption
Actual Actual data data
Analysis of historical data enables prediction of future patterns Use of robust, proven forecast models
Forecast Forecast
Prediction Prediction
exponential smoothing moving averages
Automatic model selection is possible Graphical monitoring and manipulation of both historical data and forecast results.
Used Used as as planning planning figures figures
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You use forecasting in SOP to predict future activity based on specific criteria. The system reads historical data and calculates values, which it proposes as future data. This historical data can be either actual data or consumption data. Actual data relates to a key figure such as invoiced sales. The system stores actual data in the information structure, version 000. Consumption data includes all kinds of goods issues including goods written off as scrap. The system stores the consumption data of a material in the material master record. You can base the forecast on consumption data, if the planning method is level-by-level and if the info structure contains the characteristics material and plant. Standard SOP refers always to consumption data, because there is no version 000 available. The system always bases any statistical forecast in Consistent planning on the actual data of version 000. You can either make the forecasted values your plan or modify them. In the planning table, the system guides you through the steps necessary to run the forecast. You can also carry out the forecast using a mass-processing job. Reference materials If you do not have any historical values for a material (for example, because it is new), you can still run the forecast for this material using the consumption quantities of a reference material. You define this reference material in the material master record. You must also set the Consumpn. indicator in the forecast profile. The system supports this function for level-by-level planning.
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6.6 Forecast Profiles: Concept
Model selection
Forecast model
explicit model
constant
explicit model with additional test
trend
best fit selection
Parameters - forecast basis (consumption/sales) - seasonal length
season seasonal trend
- smoothing parameters - number of historical periods
Combine Profile: low cost products Profile: seasonal products Profile: new products Explicit model: trend α factor: 0.5
β factor: 0.3
SAP AG 2002
You store standard forecasting settings in a profile. You can create and save multiple profiles for different business purposes. The benefits of forecast profiles are: You save time if you use the same settings repeatedly. You can use forecast profiles for mass processing. You reduce keying errors. You can use forecast profiles to simulate different what-if scenarios and then compare the results. To determine the forecast value, all you need is the preceding forecast value, the last historical value, and the alpha smoothing factor. This smoothing factor weights the more recent historical values more than the less recent ones, so that they have a greater influence on the forecast. How quickly the forecast reacts to a change in pattern depends on your choice of smoothing factor. If you choose 0 for alpha, the new average will be equal to the old one. In this case, the basic value calculated previously remains; that is, the forecast does not react to current data. If you choose 1 for the alpha value, the new average will equal the last value in the time series. The most common values for alpha are between 0.1 and 0.5. An alpha value of 0.5 weights historical values as follows: 1st historical value: 50% 2nd historical value: 25% 3rd historical value: 12.5%
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4th historical value: 6.25% and so on.
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6.7 Forecast Profiles: Example Forecast Results Based on Constant Model Qty.
Regular lightbulbs
Profile 1: assume constant model
time
Forecast Results Based on Seasonal Model
Christmas lights
Profile 2: assume seasonal model Christmas
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In the above example, future sales of the product families regular lightbulbs and Christmas lights are forecasted using two different profiles. The first product family has a constant usage. The second product family contains seasonal articles. Forecast Models for different historical patterns Pattern Forecast model Constant Constant model Constant model with smoothing factor adaptation Moving average model Weighted moving average model Trend Trend model 1st-order exponential smoothing 2nd-order exponential smoothing model with and without parameter optimization Seasonal Seasonal model (Winters' method) Seasonal trend Seasonal trend model 1st-order exponential smoothing model Irregular No forecast Moving average model Weighted moving average model
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6.8 Automatic Aggregation of Historical Data
Product Division 'Clear Lightbulbs' 300 Boxes
60 Watt Clear
40 Watt Clear
100 Boxes
200 Boxes
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If you carry out the forecast at a high level, the system automatically aggregates historical data. For this reason, the results of the forecast will be different if the you run the forecast at a high level and the system disaggregates the results to the detailed level than if you run the forecast at the detailed level. If you carry out the forecast in the background with consistent planning, you define the level for forecasting in the variant.
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6.9 Forecast Versions Forecast results Historical data
n ast ru Forec r t r a qu e in 1st 1 Version Fore c in 2n ast r un d qu arter Vers ion 2
Forecast database
Planning table M 10.1999 M 11.1999 M 12.1999
Sales
1100000
1100000
Sales qty 2000
1000000
2200
2200
Price
500
500
500
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Forecast versions are a fast way to simulate different forecast results for the same planning version. When you save the planning table, the system stores all forecast versions in the forecast database. You can base several forecast versions on the same corrected historical data and forecast parameters. You can view the forecast parameters and forecast results of any existing forecast version. In level-by-level planning, the system saves forecast versions at the level you created them. In consistent planning, the system saves forecast versions for the current planning object. If you base your actual planning on several planning objects (for example, because you entered the planning table with gaps in the characteristics sequence), you cannot save the forecast result as a forecast version. To base the forecast on previously corrected historical values and not on the original historical values, set the Corrected values indicator in the forecast profile. The system then calculates the forecast results using the corrected historical values of the forecast version currently displayed in the planning table. You can delete forecast versions in a particular planning version of the information structure; moreover, you can opt to delete forecast versions based on a particular forecast model (that is, a particular combination of forecast parameters). To delete one or more forecast versions using mass processing, choose Planning ® Mass processing ® Reorgan. forecast. This function allows you to delete forecast versions in either Flexible Planning or the material forecast.
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6.10 Interactive Business Graphic
Forecast Results
Click and Drag
Corrected 80 sales in $ 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
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You can monitor and modify both the historical data and the forecast results in an interactive business graphic. If you correct the forecast results in the business graphic, you have the option of copying them into the planning table.
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6.11 Automatic Outlier Control
8 7 6
Background correction Manual identification and average calculation
5 4
Tolerance lane
3
= ep ±
2
σ *1.25* MAD
ep = ex-post forecast
1 0 today
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Automatic background correction of outliers in historical data: To correct outliers automatically in the historical data on which the system based the forecast, choose Outliers in the forecast profile and enter a sigma value between 0.6 and 2.0. The system calculates a tolerance lane for the historical time series, based on the sigma factor. The system corrects historical data that lies outside the upper or lower band of this tolerance lane to the ex post forecast value. The sigma factor defines the width of the tolerance lane for outlier control . The smaller the sigma factor, the greater the control. The default sigma factor is 1; this gives a remaining probability of 10% for data correction. SAP recommends that you set a sigma factor at between 0.6 and 2. If you run the forecast online, historical data that the system automatically corrected by this function is indicated in column C of the Forecast: Historical Values dialog box. Automatic correction of historical data online: Alternatively, you can automatically correct historical data online, without having selected Outliers in the forecast profile. To do this, choose C for each historical value you want to correct and choose Correct. The system then calculates the average of all selected historical periods and displays it as the new corrected historical value.
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6.12 Workdays Correction
History M1
M2
M3
1900
2100
2300
Days
19
21
23
Corr.
2000
2000
2000
Original
Forecast Uncorr. Days Original
M4
M5
M6
2000
2000
2000
22
20
18
2200
2000
1800
Average month defined as 20 workdays (forecast profile)
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Average number of days per forecast period: You can base the forecast on an average number of days per forecast period. For example, if your forecast period is month, you can run the forecast on the assumption that the number of workdays in each month is 20 by entering 20 in the No. days period field of the forecast profile. The system then corrects the forecast data based on the actual number of workdays in the period. The factory calendar defines the actual number of workdays in the period. Forecast periods: The period indicator on which you base the forecast can be different than the storage periodicity. You set the storage periodicity in Customizing by selecting Set parameters of info structures and key figures. You enter the forecast period in the Period ind. field of the forecast profile
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6.13 Statistical Forecast: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Carry out a forecast Outline the use of forecast profiles Store and load forecast versions Base the forecast on the number of workdays in a period
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6.14Statistical Forecast Exercises Unit: Statistical Forecast
• Carry out the forecast • Outline the use of forecast profiles • Store and load forecast versions
Management wants to create a sales plan based on the historical data for the invoiced quantity. They also want to see the difference between calculating the forecast at the aggregate and disaggregate levels.
1-1 Create a sales plan in the active version A00 for division 04 for the next 12 months using the forecast tool. Base this plan on historical values, specifically, sales forecast qty. for the past 12 months. Let the system automatically determine the model selection. As you perform this task, answer the following questions. 1.1.1
What are the two options for specifying the forecast and historical date ranges?
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 1.1.2
List three of the seven options for model selection when running your forecast.
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 1-1-3 Change at least one of the historical values before executing the forecast. 1-1-4 What are the three methods for correcting historical outlier values? Two of these methods are explained in the on-line help for the Correct Outlier Indicator on the Forecast: Historical Values screen. __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ (C) SAP AG
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1.1.5
Run different forecast models and write down the results like basic value, trend value, MAD and error total for the different models.
__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ 1-1-6 Save your plan. Enter again and evaluate your forecast version. The forecast version contains all historical date, all parameters you have used for the last forecast and the last result.
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6.15Statistical Forecast Solutions Unit: Statistical Forecast
1-1 Create a sales plan in the active version A00 for division 04 for the next 12 months using the forecast tool. Base this plan on historical values, specifically, sales forecast qty. for the past 12 months. Let the system automatically determine the model selection. As you perform this task, answer the following questions. Note: If you are following the solutions, you can complete the steps and then return to step 6 to answer the questions. From the Flexible Planning menu: 1. Planning → Change 2. Enter your group’s planning type ZSSALES-##. 3. Enter sales organization 1000, division 04. 4. Select the active version. 5. Place your cursor on the Sales Forecast Qty field in the planning table. 6. Edit → Forecast 7. Confirm the period intervals for the forecast and the historical data (you may have to change the interval for the historical data). Also confirm you are using automatic model selection. 8. To manipulate historical data, select [Historical]. 9. To perform the forecast, select [Forecasting]. 10. Accept the parameters that are displayed on the Parameters for Automatic Selection window, select [Forecasting]. 11. Scroll through the Results window. Feel free to manually change any forecast values. 12. Press Enter to copy the results into the planning table. 1-1-1 What are the two options for specifying the forecast and historical date ranges? 1. Use period intervals. Enter the exact periods for the forecast and the historical data. For example, the forecast period range can be entered as 04.98 to 04.99. The historical period range can be entered as 03.97 to03.98. 2. Use number of periods. Enter the number of forecast periods and historical periods. For example, enter 12 for the number of forecast (C) SAP AG
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periods and 12 for the number of historical periods. 1-1-2 List three of the seven options for model selection when running your forecast. The seven models are: Constant Seasonal Trend Seasonal Trend Automatic Selection (the system determines the appropriate model) Historical Weighting 1-1-3 Change at least one of the historical values before executing the forecast. There are three options for changing the historical values, all from within the Forecast: Model Selection window, all of which are accessed by pressing the [Historical] button from the Forecast: Model Selection window: 1. Manually type over the existing values. 2. Use the interactive graphics to click and drag each bar to its correct value. Copy these results back to the table. 3. Select the periods to correct by checking the ”C” column. Then press the [Correct] button. This will replace the selected periods with the average value. 1-1-4 What are the three methods for correcting historical outlier values? Two of these methods are explained in the on-line help for the Correct Outlier Indicator on the Forecast: Historical Values screen. 1. Manually correct the values either by changing them in the Corr. Value column of the Forecast: Historical Values screen or using the interactive graphics. 2. Select the values to correct by placing a check in the ”C” column and pressing the [Correct] button. This will calculate the average of the corrected historical values and will replace selected values with this value. 3. Select ”Outliers” in the forecast profile and enter the Sigma factor for outlier control. Run your forecast using this forecast profile. 1.1.5
Run different forecast models and write down the results like basic value, trend value, MAD and error total for the different models.
1-1-6 Save your plan. Enter again and evaluate your forecast version. The forecast version contains all historical date, all parameters you have used for the last forecast and the last result. 1. Planning → Change 2. Enter your group’s planning type ZSALES-##. 3. Enter sales organization 1000, division 04. 4. Select the active version. (C) SAP AG
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5. Place your cursor on the Sales Forecast Qty field in the planning table. 6. Edit → Forecast. Click the Version button.
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7 Events
Contents: Defining an event Assigning an event Displaying an event
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7.2 Events: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Outline the role of events in SOP Create and use events Analyze the result in the planning table
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7.3 Events: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
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7.4 Events: Business Scenario
Your marketing department has decided to run an promotion on your light bulbs. They estimate that sales quantity (invoiced quantity) will increase by 25% for the first month and 40% for the second month the promotion will run. The promotion will start on the first of the next month (your second planned month).
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7.5 Events Start of event %
Corrected Planned Sales
100 %
Original Planned Sales
W W 07/97 08/97
W W 09/97 10/97
W 11/97
Period
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
Normal planned sales
100
100
100
100
100
Proportional event
Time
+10% +20% +10% -5%
Corrected planned sales 110
120
110
95
100
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Events allow you to predict the impact of one-time events that you cannot deduce from historical data. Examples of events include: Price changes such as promotions Special deals with major customers and vendors Competitor sales activities Management overrides Facts based on market intelligence You define an event either as a series of percentage changes (proportional events) or as one or more whole numbers (cumulative events). The graphic shows a percentage (proportional event). The impact of the event appears in the corrected key figure values of the planning table.
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7.6 Events: Assignment to Information Objects
Event list
Info structure
Assignment
Characteristics Easter promotion Mid-season sales . . Special contracts
Key figure Planning versions
Material 1 . . Material 5
Start date 1999
Material 5 . . Material 20
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In addition to the amount of the change, an event contains the following information objects: Period unit (day, week, month, or other period) Date on which the event is to start Characteristic values combination (for example, sales organization and sales district) Key figure (for example, invoiced sales value) Planning version This information determines how the event appears in the planning table. The period unit of the event must be either the planning period of the information structure or one of the periods in the time buckets grid. If the event period is different from the period unit in which the planning taxable appears, the system automatically distributes the event value to the correct period.
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7.7 Events: Display in the Planning Table
Planning type
Planning type Info structure
Insert event lines
Invoiced sales Actual sales Cumulative Event Proport. Event Correct. sales
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To view an event in the planning table, you must first assign it to a planning type and then plan that planning type. The system disaggregates cumulative event data to the detailed level using the constant proportional factors, not current planning data. Proportional events appear at the detailed level only. The system calculates and displays data on event lines automatically in the planning table at run time. It does not save it to database when you save the planning version.
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7.8 Events: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Outline the role of events in SOP Create and use events Analyze the result in the planning table
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7.9Events Exercises Unit: Events Topic: Defining, Assigning, and Displaying Events
Outline the role of events in SOP Create and use events in a planning type Your marketing department has decided to run a promotion on your light bulbs. Marketing estimates that sales quantity (invoiced quantity) will increase by 25% for the first month and 40% for the second month the promotion will run. The promotion will start on the first of the month after next (your second planned month).
1-1 Create an event PROMOTION## based on the above business scenario. You will use the following parameters: •
It is a monthly, proportional event.
•
It will effect the key figure invoiced quantity.
•
It will effect the active version.
•
The promotion will start on the first day of your second planning month.
•
Your event will be assigned to sales organization 1000 and division 04.
1-2 Add the event key figures to your planning type ZSALES-##. Store the corrected forecast in key figure sales. 1-3 Review your plan using your planning type ZSALES-## and the active version. Look specifically for sales organization 1000 and division 04. Change the key figure sales forecast qty in all periods by adding for example a very small number. Save your plan and enter it again to see the correction due to your event. Using aggregate planning the corrected invoiced quantity is calculated only when you save your plan. Only changed quantities are calculated.
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7.10Events Solutions Unit: Events Topic: Defining, Assigning, and Displaying Events
1-1 Create an event PROMOTION## based on the business scenario described in the exercise. You will use the following parameters: •
It is a monthly, proportional event.
•
It will effect the key figure invoiced quantity.
•
It will effect the active version.
•
The promotion will start on the first day of your second planning month.
•
Your event will be assigned to sales organization 1000 and division 04. From the Flexible Planning menu Tools → Event → Create Enter your new event PROMOTION##. Click the green check. Enter a description and select proportional and event length month. Press Enter. Change the 100% to 125% in the first month and 140% in the second month. Goto → Create Assignment, or select [Assignment] Enter your info structure S6##. Press Enter. Select sales organization 1000, division 04, key figure invoiced quantity, your active version and for the assignment date the first day of your second planning month. Choose 'Flag assignment'. Select list of assignments to check which characteristics combinations were assigned. Save the event.
1-2 Add the event key figures to your planning type ZSALES-##. Store the corrected forecast in key figure sales. From the Flexible Planning menu Tools → Planning type/macro → Change Enter your planning type ZSALES-## Place the cursor on sales forecast qty and select [event]. Select key figure sales and press Enter. Save your planning type. (C) SAP AG
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1-3 Review your plan using your planning type ZSALES-## and the active version. Look specifically for sales organization 1000 and division 04. Change the key figure sales forecast qty in all periods by adding for example a very small number. Save your plan and enter it again to see the correction due to your event. From the Flexible Planning menu Planning → Change Enter your planning type ZSALES-## Enter sales organization 1000, division 04 and select the active version you assigned in the event. Change ‘Sales Forecast Qty’ using the distribution function and add 0.000001 to each column. Save your plan. Enter the plan again and check the result. Using aggregate planning the corrected invoiced quantity is calculated only when you save your plan. Only changed quantities are calculated.
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8 Production Planning
Contents: Production macros Rough-Cut planning profiles Work center hierarchies Resource leveling for capacity, cost and materials in the planning table Customizing settings
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8.2 Production Planning: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Create a production plan Explain the use of rough-cut profiles Outline the use of work center hierarchies for different planning levels Explain the Customizing settings for rough-cut planning
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8.3 Production Planning: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 1999
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8.4 Production Planning: Business Scenario
Once the sales reps are comfortable with their sales forecast, your planners must create a production plan, based on the sales forecast. Management would like a PRODUCTION view of this data that your planners can work with. This production plan will be adjusted according to the capacity of a bottleneck work center and will be passed to demand management. Before you can create a production plan, you need to create a planning type that includes macros such as stock balance and target days supply.
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8.5 Production Macros in Standard SOP
Synchronous to sales Sales Production
W29/99
W30/99
M08/99
M09/99
50 50
70 70
220 220
250 250
W29/99
W30/99
M08/99
M09/99
50 60 10
70 70 10
220 250 40
250 250 40
W29/99
W30/99
M08/99
M09/99
70 40 0
220 330 11
250 265 11
Target stock level Sales Production Target stock level Target days' supply Sales 50 Production 80 Target days' supply 3 SAP AG 2002
There are four strategies in Standard SOP for automatically generating a production plan: Production quantities are the same as sales quantities in each period (synchronous to sales) Production quantities are such that target stock levels are reached Production quantities are such that target days' supplies are reached Production quantities are such that the stock level at the end of each period is zero. You can also enter production quantities manually. The system calculates and displays stock levels and days' supplies automatically when you regenerate the planning screen. The system accounts for opening stock levels. To set opening stock levels manually in Standard SOP, choose Goto → Opening stock level.
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8.6 Special Macro Operations
Operator LO L1 L2 L3 L4 PR RW ZS
Description Stock balance Target stock receipts Receipts Issues Target stock / issues Target supply / production Days´ supply Historical total
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The system has eight operators you can use to calculate production, stock balance, days' supply, or a historical total. Each of these operators is based on an internally defined formula. For detailed information on these formulas, see the Extended Help. To define a macro with one of these operators, choose Macro → Record and then Special operation. All you need to do is specify which lines in the planning type are to represent which operands in the macro. For example, you might define the sales line as goods issues and the production line as good receipts.
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8.7 Rough-Cut Planning Profiles
Duration Resource
Week 1
2
Work center group WCG 19
Costs
Week 3
2
Raw material 13
Work center group WCG 12
Week 2
10
Unit Pallet
2
3
Day
4
4
Day
20
20
USD
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You use rough-cut planning profiles to plan critical resources. These might be: Bottleneck work center Material capacities Costs of goods transportation or a marketing campaign The system supports the following resource types: Work center capacities Materials Production resources/tools Costs Rough-cut planning profiles can also give you an aggregate (summarized) picture of resources: Workdays (rather than hours or minutes) Work center groups and product groups (rather than individual work centers or products) An aggregate view of resource loads is particularly desirable for medium- and long-term planning. The base quantity is the number of units for which the resource is required. You cannot change the base quantity once you have saved the rough-cut planning profile. Different lot size ranges may have different base quantities.
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8.8 Determination of Capacity Load
A
A B C D
Planned quantity
=
x Time per piece
= Work center
Capacity requirements
Available capacity
Labor
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You perform resource leveling with reference to a plant. If your information structure does not contain the characteristic plant, or if the system cannot uniquely identify from the characteristic values defined in your rough-cut planning profile, you must set a planning plant in Customizing for Sales & Operations Planning (in Set parameters for info structures and key figures and Set planning plant for SOP). What to maintain in the rough-cut profile: The time span of one planning period in the resources table, expressed in days The status of the rough-cut planning profile (as in a routing) The usage of the rough-cut planning profile (as in a routing) The lot size range for which the profile is valid You define the determination of capacity load in the rough-cut planning profile. The system reads the available capacity from the bottleneck work center defined in the resource table of the rough-cut profile. The system calculates the capacity load by multiplying the planned quantity by the total time maintained for the work center in the rough-cut profile. The time span of the profile header is just to model the capacity load to produce x base quantities on the bases of time. For example, if you maintain 1 hour in two periods of the resource table you will create a resource load of two hours for each planned base quantity.
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8.9 Resource Leveling: Capacity Load Material: Plant: Version:
100 Watt Clear 0001 A00 Sales Production Stock level
Annual planning 1997
Active
M10/1997 M11/1997 M12/1997 Unit 100 200 200 Box 100 200 200 Box 100 100 0 Box
Available Assembly line 1 Requirements Machine Load
200 50 25
200 100 50
H H %
Available Assembly line 1 Requirements Labor Load
500 50 10
500 100 20
H H %
SAP AG 2002
In Standard SOP, you can carry out rough-cut, rate-based, or detailed resource planning in the planning table. The results are based on either a rough-cut planning profile or a routing. In Flexible Planning, you can only use the rough-cut approach. The system computes available capacity, capacity requirements, and capacity load and displays them per period for every work center and capacity category. You see the total requirements planned in SOP for a particular work center and capacity category. For example, you may plan to produce several materials at the same work center. To find out the source of the capacity requirements in any period, choose Views → Capacity situation → pegged requirements. The split planning screen for capacity leveling shows you if capacities are sufficient to meet projected targets. You can adjust your production quantities until capacity utilization is optimized. The system computes the new capacity instantly when you choose Enter.
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8.10 Resource Leveling
Work center hierarchy Overal Overal production production sector sector
Production Production series series AM2 AM2
Production Production line line 11
...
Product group hierarchy
Light switches
Lightbulbs
Line 1
Line 3
Production Production series series AM3 AM3 Line 2
Production Production line line nn
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You can carry out resource leveling either on a high level or at SKU level in both Flexible Planning and Standard SOP. Don‘t create the rough-cut profiles for different levels for the same material, because the resource loads will add up.
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8.11 Customizing of Resource Leveling
Parameters of Info Structure
Scheduling Parameters
Routing Selection
Profile Priority 1 =
Capacity key figure
Usage 1 Status 4
Planning Plant Profile
Sel. ID
Priority 2 =
Usage 3 Status 4
Los Angeles ...
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A unique plant reference is required to carry out capacity leveling. If you are in Flexible Planning and the system cannot identify a unique plant from the planning hierarchy, the system checks to see if you have defined a plant for the information structure in the Customizing step Set parameters for info structures and key figures. If you did not identify a plant, the system bases capacity leveling on the universal SOP plant defined in the Customizing step Set planning plant for SOP. The priority in which the system reads the rough-cut planning profile or routing depends on the Customizing settings you have made in: Configure scheduling parameters Define routing selection
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8.12 Production Planning: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Create a production plan Explain the use of rough-cut profiles Outline the use of work center hierarchies for different planning levels Explain the Customizing settings for rough-cut planning
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8.13Production Planning Exercises Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Planning Type for Production •
Create planning type for production
•
Create a production plan
•
Create a rough-cut planning profile
•
Check the capacity load of your planned quantities
Once the sales reps are comfortable with their sales forecast, your planners must create a production plan, based on the sales forecast. Management would like a PRODUCTION view of this data that your planners can work with. This production plan will be adjusted according to the capacity of a bottleneck work center and will be passed to demand management. Before you can create a production plan, you need to create a planning type that includes macros such as stock balance and target days supply
1-1 Create a planning type ZPROD-## for your info structure S6##. Be sure your planning type has the following features: • Include your group number in the description of your planning type. • Allow the production planner to plan the next 12 months. • Create a line to display the sales forecast. Do this by adding the key figure Sales to your planning type and changing the description to Sales. The production planner should normally not change the sales quantities, so define this line as an output line. • Include the lines Stock level, Target stock level, Production, Days' supply, and Target days' supply. • Define Days' supply and Target days' supply so that an average is calculated when these lines are aggregated. • Define Stock level and Days' supply as output lines. • Save your planning type. 1-2 Change your planning type ZPROD-## and create three production macros. 1-2-1 Record the macro STOCK using two special operations Stock balance and Days’ supply. Stock Balance consists of (C) SAP AG
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Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. Days’ supply consists of Day’s supply: Days’ supply Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. The system provides prompts in the bottom left-hand corner of the steps to recording a macro and the special operations. 1-2-2 Record the macro TARGET using the special operation Target stck/receipts. Use the description Production/Target Stock ##. Target stock/receipts consists of Target Stock: Target stock level Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. 1-2-3 Record the macro PRODUCTION using the special operation Target supply/production .Use the description Production/Target Supply ##. Target supply/production consists of Target days’ supply: Target Days’ supply Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. 1-2-4 Save the planning type. 1-2-5 Change the planning type and make the STOCK macro the default macro. 1-2-6 Save your planning type again.
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Production Planning Exercises Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Production Plan • •
Create a production plan
• You decide that your sales plan (the one you created in the events unit) will form the basis for your production plan.
2-1 Using your new planning type ZPROD-##, change your active version. 2-1-1 Check that the stock balance macro is running correctly. The macro days’ supply is part of the default macro, but negative days’ supply are not displayed. 2-1-2 Distribute target stock of 100 and target days’ supply of 20 days for each of the next 5 periods. 2-1-3 Run the macro PRODUCTION/TARGET STOCK. Explain the result. 2-1-4 Run the macro PRODUCTION/TARGET SUPPLY. Explain the result. 2-1-5 Save your plan.
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Exercises Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Rough-cut Planning Profile • •
Create a rough-cut planning profile
• • Now you want to analyze the capacity situation for your planned production quantities. Create a rough-cut planning profile to define the capacity load of your bottleneck work center on division level.
3-1 In Customizing specify key figure PRODU for capacity planning of your info structure S6##. 3-2 Create a rough-cut planning profile for your info structure S6##. 3-3 Assign the rough-cut planning profile to Sales Organization 1000, Division 04. 3-4 Maintain the following profile: Time span
1 workday
Base quantity
1
Status
4
Use
1
From lot size
1
To lot size
100000
3-4-1 Using an alternative session, display in the IMG, Resources Planning customization settings to determine whether this rough-cut profile is allowed. Selection Indicator 03 is always used for the capacity analysis in flexible planning. (C) SAP AG
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3-5 Returning to your Rough-Cut Planning Profile. Enter the bottleneck work center, L-1000 in plant 1200, and the unit minute. You need 12 minutes during the first time span to produce the base quantity of cartons. In these time spans you define the capacity requirements for the base quantity to be produced on your work center. If your production process for the base quantity lasts several days, you can enter capacity requirements in the subsequent time spans. All entries are summed up to calculate the capacity requirements for one base quantity.
3-6 Save your rough-cut planning profile.
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Exercises Unit: Production Planning Topic: Check the Capacity Load of Your Planned Quantities •
Check the capacity load of your planned quantities
• Use your rough-cut planning profile to get a rough overview of whether you have created a feasible production plan.
4-1 Copy your active version to version 1##. If all course members were to plan the same version and the same work center, all capacity loads would aggregate. 4-2 Change the plan for the new version 1##. Specify Sales Organization 1000 and Division 04 and perform a capacity check. 4-3 Level the capacity load. If you have stored your planned version, the capacity requirements are also stored. To recalculate the capacity load with a changed rough-cut planning profile, you have to change the planned production quantities.
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8.14Production Planning Solutions Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Planning Type for Production 1-1 Create a planning type ZPROD-## for your info structure S6##. From the Flexible Planning menu: Tools → Plng.Type/Macro → Create Planning type: ZPROD-##. Do not copy an existing planning type Specify Info structure: S6## Be sure your planning type has the following features: •
Include your group number in the description of your planning type. Text: Planning type for Production ##
•
Allow the production planner to plan the next 12 months. Enter Future periods: 12
•
Create a line to display the sales forecast. Do this by adding the key figure Sales to your planning type. The production planner should normally not change the sales quantities, so define this line as an output line. To add the field Sales, Edit → Assign structure or [Add structure row] Select Sales Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘Output line’ Set the cursor to the next line
•
Include the lines Stock level, Target stock level, Production, Days' supply, and Target days' supply.
•
Define Days' supply and Target days' supply so that an average is calculated when these lines are aggregated. Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘Average calculated’ •
Define Stock level and Days' supply as output lines. Edit → Row attributes Change the row attributes to ‘Output line’
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•
Save your planning type
1-2 Change your planning type ZPROD-## and create three production macros. 1-2-1 Record the macro STOCK using two special operations Stock balance and Days’ supply. Stock Balance consists of Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. Days’ supply consists of Day’s supply: Days’ supply Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. The system provides prompts in the bottom left-hand corner of the steps to recording a macro and the special operations. Macro → Record 1. Macro: STOCK (this is not case sensitive) Description: Stock balance and days’ supply 2. Select [Special operation] 3. Select Stock balance 4. Choose receipts: Double-click on Production 5. Choose issues: Double-click on Sales 6. Choose stock: Double-click on Stock level This completes the first special operation, however without saving add a second special operation 7. Choose first line: Select [Special operation] 8. Select Days’ supply. 9. Choose days’ supply: Double-click on Days’ supply 10. Choose issues: Double-click on Sales 11. Choose stock: Double-click on Stock level 12. Save the macro. Exit the macro. 1-2-2 Record the macro TARGET using the special operation Target stck/receipts Use the description Production/Target Stock ##. Target stock/receipts consists of Target Stock: Target stock level (C) SAP AG
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Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. Macro → Record 1. Macro: TARGET (this is not case sensitive) Description: Production/Target Stock ## 2. Select [Special operation] 3. Select Target Stck/receipts 4. Choose target stock: Double-click on Target stock level 5. Choose receipts: Double-click on Production 6. Choose issues: Double-click on Sales 7. Choose stock: Stock level 8. Save the macro. Exit the macro. 1-2-3 Record the macro PRODUCTION using the special operation Target supply/production .Use the description Production/Target Supply ##. Target supply/production consists of Target days’ supply: Target Days’ supply Receipts: Production Issues: Sales Stock: Stock level. Follow the similar steps to above. Save the macro. Exit the macro. 1-2-4 Save the planning type. 1-2-5 Change the planning type and make the STOCK macro the default macro. Goto → Planning type info Enter STOCK as the default macro. 1-2-6 Save your planning type again.
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Solutions Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Production Plan 2-1 Using your new planning type ZPROD-##, change your active version. From the Flexible Planning menu 1. Planning → Change 2. Enter your new planning type ZPROD-##. 3. Leave the characteristics blank. 4. Select active version the same version you created with the forecast tool earlier in the course. 2-1-1 Check that the stock balance macro is running correctly. Without production quantities the sales quantities cause negative stock levels The macro days’ supply is part of the default macro, but negative days’ supply are not displayed. 2-1-2 Distribute target stock of 100 and target days’ supply of 20 days for each of the next 5 periods. Select the months to distribute: 1. Click on the first and last column. 2. Edit → Distribute, or select [Distribute]. 3. Select = in the Op field (Operator) to distribute the value 4. Enter 100 into the Target stock level and 20 into the Target days’ supply key figure. 5. Press Enter. 2-1-3 Run the macro PRODUCTION/TARGET STOCK. Explain the result. 1. Edit → Macro 2. Select PRODUCTION/TARGET STOCK 3. Press Enter. Production quantities are determined by the sum of the sales and target stock level. 2-1-4 Run the macro PRODUCTION/TARGET SUPPLY. Explain the result. (C) SAP AG
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Production quantities are determined by the sales and the necessary stock to cover the target days’ supply of the next month 2-1-5 Save your plan.
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Solutions Unit: Production Planning Topic: Create a Rough-cut Planning Profile 3-1 In Customizing specify key figure PRODU for capacity planning of your info structure S6##. Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing →Edit Project → SAP Reference IMG Logistics General → Logistics Information System (LIS) → Planning → Master data → Set parameters for info structures and key figures Double-click on your info structure S6## Enter ‘PRODU’ as the capacity figure. The capacity check is now performed for the key figure Production. 3-2 Create a rough-cut planning profile for your info structure S6##. From the Flexible Planning menu Tools → Rough-cut plng.prfl. → Create Enter your info structure and press Execute 3-3 Assign the rough-cut planning profile to Sales Organization 1000, Division 04. Enter Sales Organization 1000, division 04 and press Enter. 3-4 Maintain the following profile: Time span
1 workday
Base quantity
1
Status
4
Use
1
From lot size
1
To lot size
100000
3-4-1 Using an alternative session, display in the IMG, Resources Planning customization settings to determine whether this rough-cut profile is allowed. (C) SAP AG
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Selection Indicator 03 is always used for the capacity analysis in flexible planning.
Create an alternative session From the main SAP menu, Tools → AcceleratedSAP → Customizing →Edit Project → SAP Reference IMG Logistics - General → Logistics Information System (LIS) → Planning → Functions → Resources Planning → Define routing selection Check that you have for selection ID 03 with priority 1 a rough-cut planning profile 3 for usage 1 and status 4. Logistics - General → Logistics Information System (LIS) → Planning → Functions → Resources Planning → Configure scheduling parameters. For plant 1200, SOP orders, and all production schedulers, in Rough-cut scheduling check that you have SelID rough plng 03 and Generate capacity reqs. is selected. 3-5 Returning to your Rough-Cut Planning Profile. Enter the bottleneck work center, L-1000 in plant 1200, and the unit minute. You need 12 minutes during the first time span to produce the base quantity of cartons. Enter Bottleneck in the first field of the resource table. Select [Choose] or double-click on the first line of the resource table. Select work center. Press Enter. Enter work center L-1000, plant 1200, unit min. Press Enter. Enter 12 minutes in the first time bucket. In these time spans you define the capacity requirements for the base quantity to be produced on your work center. If your production process for the base quantity lasts several days, you can enter capacity requirements in the subsequent timespans. All entries are summed up to calculate the capacity requirements for one base quantity. 3-6 Save your rough-cut planning profile.
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Solutions Unit: Production Planning Topic: Check the Capacity Load of Your Planned Quantities 4-1 Copy your active version to version 1##. From the Flexible Planning menu Planning → Version management → Copy Enter your info structure S6## and press Enter. Enter the active version as the source version and version 1## as the target version and click [copy] Say [Yes] to target version reset. If all course members were to plan the same version and the same work center, all capacity loads would aggregate. 4-2 Change the plan for the new version 1##. Specify Sales Organization 1000 and Division 04 and perform a capacity check. From the Flexible Planning menu Planning → Change Enter your planning type ZPROD-## and press Enter. Enter Sales Organization 1000, division 04 and select [ inactive version]. Select version 1## and press Enter. Select Views → Capacity situation → Rough-cut planning → Show The plan displays the capacity categories of your selected work center, and their available capacity. The capacity requirements are calculated using your rough-cut planning profile. The capacity load shows the percentage of allocated available capacity. 4-3 Level the capacity load. If the capacity load exceeds 100% you have to rearrange your production plan. Change the planned production quantities in order to obtain feasible results.
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If you have stored your planned version, the capacity requirements are also stored. To recalculate the capacity load with a changed rough-cut planning profile, you have to change the planned production quantities.
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9 Mass Processing
Contents: Mass processing tasks such as copy, macro, and forecast Steps necessary to perform mass processing Execution at different planning levels Transfer to CO-PA Opening stock Transfer to Demand Management
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9.2 Mass Processing: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Explain why to use mass processing Perform mass processing Check a mass processing job Copy data from and to CO-PA Transfer a production plan to Demand Management Explain how plants are determined
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9.3 Mass Processing: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 1999
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9.4 Mass Processing: Business Scenario
Your sales force has been forecasting sales quantity and a production plan was created. Now it is time to transfer this planned production quantities to demand management so your production department can start producing products based on what the sales force will sell.
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9.5 Possible Mass Processing Tasks
Macros
Copy key figures from one info structure to another
Forecasting
Transfer to Demand Management
Copy/delete planning versions of one info structure
Calculate opening stock levels SAP AG 2002
You can carry out some of the more complex planning activities in the background, for example, activities including several actions or involving large volumes of data. This planning mode is known as mass processing.
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9.6 Steps in Mass Processing
Create profile
Define activity
Create job
Planning type
Action
Objects Info structure
11 10
12
1 2
9
Version Profile
Schedule job
3
8
4 7 6 5
Activity
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You can carry out the following planning activities using the sequence shown in the graphic: Executing a macro Forecasting Copying key figures from one info structure to another Transfer to or from CO-PA Transferring SOP data to Demand Management When performing mass processing, the system bases these activities on a planning type. You can carry out several planning actions within one job as long, as they have the same planning type. For example, you might run a mass processing job that executes several macros at the same time. The sequence in which the system processes actions within one activity depends on the sequential numbers you define for them in the activity. The system performs all actions for the first characteristic value before processing the second characteristic value. Consequently, if you want the system to perform one action for all characteristic values before it starts the next action, you must define separate planning activities. A planning job has one of three statuses: Initial (blank), Started or completed with errors (E), or Completed successfully (S) You can reuse planning jobs.
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9.7
Copy to CO/PA
Copy IS IS
Transfer to Dem. Mgt
Forecast
Macro
Detailed Steps in Mass Processing
Characteristics assignment Key figure assignment Profile Activity Create job and schedule
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The graphic shows the settings you must maintain to perform the different tasks. To maintain the assignments, profiles and activities, choose Flexible Planning → Settings. To create a job and schedule it, choose Flexible Planning → Planning → Mass processing. Before you run a mass processing job, use this report to see which characteristic value combinations the system will process: Planning → Mass processing → Revise. You can exclude from the report any characteristic value combinations that you do not wish to process with this job.
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9.8 Execution Job overview
Job queue
Schedule
Job Forecast
Job Forecast
Job 1 finished
✔ Revise
Job 11 10
12
1
Job 1
2
9
3
8
Material 1 forecasted Material 2 forecasted .. .. Material 100 forecasted
4 7 6 5
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The job overview lists your jobs and their system status. If you want to start the job again, set the status to active again (Mass processing → Change). After a mass processing job has run, you can see which characteristic values combinations the system process using Planning → Mass processing → Revise. The mass job report shows you not only the status of the job, but also the status of each characteristic values combination. If the job contained errors (status E), you know for which characteristic value combinations you need to repeat the job. The Step column indicates the sequence in which the system carried out different actions, for example, forecast = 1 and macro = 2. Options of the mass job report: View the status message of a characteristic values combination. Select it and choose Edit → Display message. Sort the report in ascending or descending order. Choose Edit → Sort ascending or Edit → Sort descending. Find a characteristic values combination. Choose Edit → Find and enter the desired search criteria. Download the report to a PC file. Choose List → Save as PC file, select the desired format, and enter the desired path and file name. Delete a characteristic values combination from the report. Select it and choose Edit → Delete.
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9.9 Macro Calculation at Different Planning Levels
Example: Macro operation +1
Changed plan
Original plan
Detailed level Sales organization Distribution channel Material
50
54
40
30
100 20
20 10
15 100 5
Aggregate l.
0 100
32
51 40 22
21 11 16
30.5
20.5
6 20.5 10 15.5 5
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Level of macro calculation In online processing, the system calculates the results in one of two ways: 1. At the current level of the planning table, the system switches on the Aggr. planning indicator in the planning type info. 2. At the detailed level, the system switches off the Aggr. planning indicator in the planning type info. In background processing, the system calculates the results at the planning level defined in the variant.
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9.10 Assignement of Forecast Profiles to Materials
Job 1 Activity 1
Material 1 Material 2 .. .. Material 100
Constant profile
Job 2 Activity 2
Material 3 Material 4 .. .. Material 200
Trend profile
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9.11 Data Exchange Between CO-PA and Flexible Planning
CO-PA profile
Key figures assignment
CO-PA CO CO-PA
Flexible CO-PA Planning
Characteristics assignment
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You can now transfer data both to and from Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). For example, you might use the sales plans you receive from CO-PA as the basis for creating sales and production plans in Flexible Planning. Having finalized these plans, you might pass the results back to CO-PA, which works out the cost of producing the planned number of units. The system supports this function for both consistent and level-by-level planning. The system converts between units automatically; that is, currency units, units of measure, and period units. You trigger the transfer of data from Flexible Planning to CO-PA in Flexible Planning using mass processing. You trigger the transfer of data from CO-PA to Flexible Planning in CO-PA with transaction KE1K, either online or in the background.. To transfer data maintain the Customizing activity: Log. General → LIS → Planning → Functions → Mass processing → Transfer LIS/CO-PA. Create a key figures assignment profile Create a characteristics assignment profile Create a CO-PA profile
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9.12 Opening Stock
Zero column
90 boxes
Jan.
Feb.
Unit
Sales
Box
Production
Box
Stock
90
Box
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The zero column has no particular period unit. The system displays opening stock levels here. You can enter other opening values in this column. Only use the zero column if you don‘t have historical data in your planning type (like in Standard SOP, or in Flexible Planning if you have not selected historical periods in the planning type, or if the historical periods are ready for input). With mass processing, you can set the opening stock levels of one or more materials or product groups. The results appear in the zero column of the planning table at run time. In consistent planning, the system automatically aggregates the results. In level-by-level planning, the system sets them to the level you specify in the planning job. You can set opening stock one of three ways: Read current stock Calculate average stock Apply a user method defined in Customizing
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9.13 Transfer to Demand Management
SOP
3 basic transfer options
Demand Management
Flexible planning xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
33
xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
33
xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
11
ab cab cab cabc
22
ab cab cab cabc
22
xyzxyz xyzxyz
33
Standard SOP - product group
Standard SOP - material
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You can carry out the transfer of data to Demand Management either online or in background. You have three basic processing options when transferring SOP data to Demand Management: You transfer material data from the info structure. Use mass processing to transfer a range of materials. You transfer material data from a product group. The system transfers the data either directly from the materials, or as proportions of the product group. You transfer one material's data. The system transfers the data either directly from the material, or as a proportion of the owner product group. A material can be a member of more than one product group. This means that you can transfer it to Demand Management more than once. The system issues a warning if you try to transfer a material from a product group not marked as the MRP product group for that material. When you carry out the transfer, the system creates planned independent requirements in Demand Management.
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9.14 Synchronized Data Transfer to Demand Mgmt
Sales organization Division Sold-to party Material Plant
Sales plans Production plans .. .
Flexible Flexible Planning Planning Customizing: Customizing: Key Keyfigure figure Planning Planningversion version Demand Demandversion version
Key figure is transferred when the flexible planning version is saved
Independent Requirements
Statement of demand .. .
Demand Demand Management Management
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You can have the system create or change independent requirements in Demand Management every time you save in Flexible Planning. For this purpose, you make the following Customizing settings in Set parameters of info structures and key figures. Field name of the key figure to be transferred Planning version in Flexible Planning from which the system is to transfer data (Sync. version) Demand version to which the system is to transfer data
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9.15 Automatic Determination of Plants for Transfer to Demand Management
1. Plant as defined in planning hierarchy 2. Plant as set in Define proportional distribution across plants 3. Generic distribution quotas as set for plants 4. Equal distribution among all plants specified in the material master record
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You can transfer data to Demand Management from information structures of Flexible Planning without the characteristic plant. The system uses the plant distribution quotas you set in the Customizing activity Define proportional distribution across plants to transfer the data. Plant distribution (sometimes known as the warehouse split) works as follows: 1) If the system can find a plant or plants for the material in the planning hierarchy, it transfers data to Demand Management for these plants. 2) If the system cannot find a plant in the planning hierarchy, the system checks to see which plants you have maintained for the material in the material master record. It then checks to see whether you have maintained distribution quotas for the material in Define proportional distribution across plants. The system bases its transfer to Demand Management on these quotas. 3) If the system cannot find distribution quotas for the material, the system checks to see whether you have set generic distribution quotas; that is, distribution quotas that apply to all materials. If so, the system bases its transfer to Demand Management on these quotas. If generic quotas exist for some but not all plants maintained in the material master record, the system assumes that the distribution quotas of plants without generic quotas are 0. 4) If the system cannot find any distribution quotas (neither material-specific nor generic ones), the system splits the data equally among all the plants in the material master record.
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9.16 Mass Processing: Summary
You are now able to: Explain why to use mass processing Perform mass processing Check a mass processing job Copy data from and to CO-PA Transfer a production plan to Demand Management Explain how plants are determined
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9.17Mass Processing Exercises Unit: Mass Processing Topic: Transfer to Demand Management
•
Explain how to transfer quantities from flexible planning to demand management.
Your sales force has been forecasting sales quantity and a production plan was created. Now it is time to transfer this planned production quantities to demand management so your production department can start producing products based on what the sales force will sell.
1-1 Create a background job with the mass processing functionality that transfers the production quantities you have planned to demand management. 1-1-1 Create a transfer profile. Be sure your profile contains the following: •
Name the transfer profile Demand ##, where ## is your group number
•
Use the strategy Material direct from info structure.
•
Use the info structure S6## as table.
•
Use the key figure production (PRODU).
•
A requirements type is not required.
•
Specify your group number for the demand program version.
•
Do not set the Active flag.
1-1-2 Create an activity for this job. Use T## for the key, where ## is your group number. Use 1 for the Act. Sequence, your planning type ZPROD-## and the transfer profile DEMAND##. Use the action UEBERGABE Transfer to demand management. 1-1-3 Create the mass processing job, for sales organization 1000 and division 04. Use the version 1##. Transfer at plant level.
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During this step, the information message No variants found will appear. This is advising you that you will need to create the variant to be used when running the background job. Press Continue. In the subsequent Variants: Change screen assignment screen also press Continue. 1-1-4 Schedule the job to run immediately. 1-1-5 Monitor the job.
Note: Double-clicking on the spool list displays basic spool list parameters. It does not display the list itself. 1-1-6 Display the results in Demand Management.
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9.18Mass Processing Solutions Unit: Mass Processing Topic: Transfer to Demand Management
1-1 Create a background job with the mass processing functionality that transfers the production quantities you have planned to demand management. 1-1-1 Create a transfer profile. Be sure your profile contains the following: •
Name the transfer profile Demand##, where ## is your group number
•
Use the strategy Material direct from info structure.
•
Use the info structure S6## as table.
•
Use the key figure production (PRODU).
•
A requirements type is not required.
•
Specify your group number for the demand program version.
•
Do not set the Active flag. From the Flexible Planning menu: Settings → Mass processing → Transfer profiles Select [New Entries]. Create transfer profile Demand ##. Select strategy 9: Material direct from info structure. Enter your group’s info structure, S6## in the table field. Select field name PRODU production. Leave Reqmts Type blank. Use your group number for the version. This version refers to the version you will create in demand management, not your plan version. Be sure to leave the Active flag blank. Selecting Active makes the demand version active; meaning it will automatically be selected in the next MRP run. Save your profile.
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Settings → Mass processing → Activities Choose [New Entries]. Create activity T## where ## is your group number. Use Act. Sequence 1. Enter your planning type ZPROD-##. Use the action UEBERGABE Transfer to demand management. Use the transfer profile you created above, Demand## where ## is your group number. Save the activity. 1-1-3 Create the mass processing job, for sales organization 1000 and division 04. Use the version 1##. Transfer at plant level. During this step, the information message No variants found will appear. This is advising you that you will need to create the variant to be used when running the background job. Choose Continue. In the subsequent Variants: Change screen assignment screen also press Continue. Planning → Mass processing → Create 1. Job number: Demand ## where ## is your group number. Job name: Transfer to demand management Choose Execute. 2. Info structure: your group’s info structure Version: Activeversion, A00. Choose Execute. 3. Double-click on your production planning type. 4. Create the variant Demand## where ## is your group number. 5.
Enter Sales Organization 1000, Division 04. Select your planning activity T##. Select aggregation level plant, because you have to transfer at plant level. Choose the Attributes button.
A dialog box will display the message ”Please check whether material and plant are in the execution level.” Choose [Continue]. Enter a description for your variant. Save your variant. Click the green arrow to go back. You should see the message "Planning job created successfully.” 1-1-4 Schedule the job to run immediately. Planning → Mass processing → Schedule Job number: Demand## Choose Execute. (C) SAP AG
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Choose Immediate. Choose the Save button at the bottom of the screen. You should see the message ”Background job scheduled successfully.” 1-1-5 Monitor the job. Planning → Mass processing → Job overview Choose Execute. You should see your job ”Transfer to demand management.” If the status is ”Active” ,then press Refresh until it becomes ”Finished”. To see the output of the job, click once on the job name and press Spool List. Select the spool. Choose [Display]. You should see a list of characteristics that were sent to demand management. Note: Double-clicking on the spool list displays basic spool list parameters. It does not display the list itself. 1-1-6 Display the results in Demand Management. From the top level R/3 menu: Logistics → Production → Production planning → Demand management → Planned indep.reqmts → Display Enter any material and Plant 1200. Select the selected version indicator and enter your demand version ##. Press Enter and work through the warning by pressing Enter again. Compare the result with the planned quantities of your planning version 1## using the planning type ZPROD-##.
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10 Allocations
Contents: Prerequisites for product allocations Allocation procedures and objects Info structure for product allocations Discrete allocations Cumulative allocations
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10.2 Allocations: Unit Objectives
On completing this unit, you will be able to: Outline the principles of allocation Maintain the allocation determination procedure Explain the difference between discrete and cumulative allocation
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10.3 Allocations: Course Overview
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 1999
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10.4 Allocations: Business Scenario
The quantities your company is producing are lower than market demand. In order to prevent the first customer from exhausting your stocks, you define product allocations for customer groups or customers.
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10.5 What is Product Allocation?
DEMAND
Managing demand against constrained supply
1/99 2/99
3/99
4/99
SUPPLY
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Product allocation functionality allows you to manage the supply of scarce products to customers so that each customer receives an allocated amount. You can maintain allocations for customer groups, sales organizations, and so on, as well as for individual customers. The system can perform availability checks in conjunction with product allocation checks. The product allocation control process permits the user to manage allocations at a specific material level up to various material groupings. Product allocation encompasses internal allocations to sales organizations and channels, as well as external customer groups and specific customers. The system also supports the need for different phases of allocation control during the overall constraint period.
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10.6 Sales Order Processing
Customer: Star Markets Req. Delivery Date: 20.01.99
ATP check is OK
Item 10 Bulb L-40F
Flex. Planning Allocation
100 BOX
On time delivery 20.01.99 Complete delivery 01.02.99 Delivery proposal 20.01.99 01.02.99
Allocation fails 80 BOX
Only 80 left
100 BOX 80 BOX 20 BOX
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Product allocation encompasses allocations to all characteristics of the sales order, including sales organizations and channels, external customer groups, and specific customers. For other characteristics, you must use the user exit, INCLUDE Fv45vfzy user exit_quota_key_va (or transaction SE38).
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10.7 Definition of Product Allocation
Material Master Rec. Procedure
Procedure: Obj.1 Obj.1 Obj.2 Obj.3
12.98 06.99 12.99 12.04
Material Component Work center
Allocated qty.
S140 Committed qty.
Demand SAP AG 2002
To use product allocations, you must: Define an allocation procedure and an allocation object (allocation reason) in the Customizing activity SD → Basic functions → Availability check and transfer of requirements → Availability check → Availability check against product allocation → Maintain procedure and Define object. Link the procedure to an info structure in the Customizing activity Availability check against product allocation → Specify hierarchy. Link your objects to a procedure in the Customizing activity Availability check against product allocation → Control product allocation. Maintain the procedure in the material master records (basic data) of the materials you want to allocate. Switch on allocation for the relevant requirement category and schedule line category in the Customizing activity Availability check against product allocation → Define flow according to requirement category and Process flow for each schedule line category.
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10.8 Custom Defined Allocation Structure
Characteristics
Info structure
Allocation Obj. Region Sales organization Customer
Alloc. Object 1
Alloc. Object 2
Characteristic value specified in the planning hierarchy
Collective characteristics maintained in the planning hierarchy
North
South
#
(Customers)
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Flexible Planning comes with the info structure S140 for product allocation. You can also create your own info structure for product allocation. You create your planning hierarchy with the allocation objects on the highest level. Establish the proportional factors to get allocation percentages for specific characteristic values. The system performs the allocation check always on the detailed level of the hierarchy. You can specify a masking symbol for each info structure in the Customizing activity Availability check against product allocation → Specify hierarchy. The masking symbol stands for collective characteristics. After you create the planning hierarchy, you can add collective characteristics to it by selecting the Customizing activity Permit collective product allocation in info structures. This creates a default entry for the specified nodes in the hierarchy. You cannot use deviating masking symbols for different procedures linked to the same info structure. If you have assigned an info structure several times, you can perform the assignment with or without a format template.
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10.9 Product Allocation Object Validity
JANUARY Updating date
Work center problems
WEEK
1
2
Component shortage
3
4
5
6
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The system takes into account different allocation control phases during the overall constraint period. You can assign several allocation objects to the allocation procedure. Each object has its own validity period. The system determines the relevant object based on the updating date for the key figure of the info structure,. The system then uses this object to determine the corresponding planning hierarchy, which contains product allocations. Objects are always valid from the end date of the last object. To switch off the allocation for a certain period, define a dummy object and set it to inactive. The system allows only three updating dates: delivery date, material availability date, and planned goods issue date. You can maintain time dependent conversion factors for your allocation objects in the Customizing activity Control product allocation
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10.10 Allocation Planning Table
Characteristics
Key figures
Alloc. Object: Bulbs Dist. Channel: 01
Sales Org: 0001 Cust. Grp: 02 1 / 99
2 / 99
3 / 99
Customer reqts.
5,000
4,000
4,000
Product allocation qty.
3,500
3,000
3,000
Reqts. not covered
1,500
1,000
1,000
Incoming orders qty.
1,200
0
0
Open product alloc.
2,300
3,000
3,000
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The planning type for the standard info structure S140 is Commit. It comes with predefined macros for product allocation. Note: You must plan allocation quantities in version 000 (actual data).
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10.11 Discrete Allocation
750
Available Allocation: 500PC 500
are not available Order Qty
0
Allocation Qty
250
*Unused 250PCs from 01/98
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4/99
Current Period SAP AG 2002
The system supports the following allocation methods: Discrete allocation Cumulative allocation If you did not set the ATP consumption indicator in the Customizing activity Maintain procedure, the system uses the 3.0F product allocation method (discrete ATP check). Using this method, the system offsets the quantity confirmed in the sales document against the product allocation quantity. It uses only the product allocation quantities from current and future periods (the system ignores unused product allocation quantities from past periods). When you use the discrete method, you cannot use the following product allocation functions: Consumption periods Allocation steps
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10.12 Cumulative Allocation
1500
Available Allocation: 750 PC
1000
*Unused 250PCs from 01/98 are available 500
0
1/99 2/99 3/99
4/99
Current Period SAP AG 2002
Setting this ATP consumption indicator in the Customizing activity Maintain procedure the system uses the cumulative allocation method. This method involves a checking logic that corresponds to ATP cumulating logic. The system includes unused product allocation quantities from previous periods when calculating the available product allocation quantity for the current period. Cumulative allocation allows you to use: Allocation steps: Here you can define several product allocation steps with different info structures. Consumption periods: Here you define a number of past and future periods that the system is to use as the valid consumption period. The number of past periods identifies the number of periods before the product allocation date in the order that the system can use for calculating unused allocations. The system then cumulates the unused product allocation quantities of these past periods before checking the product allocation for the current period. The number of future periods identifies the number of periods after the product allocation date in the order that the system can use them for the future allocations. If you do not confirm the requested quantity within the future periods, it remains unconfirmed.
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10.13 Allocation Window Logic
-2 month
+1 month
40 40 20 60 40
1/99
2/99
3/99
4/99
40
5/99
Order 100 Car. SAP AG 1999
You can use the consumption periods in the following ways: past periods 2 999 999
future periods
Result
Above example Unlimited product allocation (default value) Unlimited cumulation of unused quantities of past periods and no future product allocation quantities 0 999 No cumulation of unused product allocation quantities of past periods, unlimited future product allocation quantities For the cumulative method you can use different info structures to check at multiple allocation steps. Example: Step 1: Check order quantity against the customer's product allocation quantities Step 2: Check order quantity against plant capacity for the defined periods
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10.14 Allocations: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Outline the principles of allocation Maintain the allocation determination procedure Explain the difference between discrete and cumulative allocation
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10.15Allocations - Exercises Unit: Allocations
•
Maintain the allocation determination procedure
The quantities your company is producing are lower than market demand. In order to prevent the first customer from exhausting your stocks, you define product allocations for customer groups or customers.
In this unit, each group is assigned their own customer in Sales Organization 1000, Distribution Channel 12.
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Group Number
Customer group
Customer
01
02
1002
02
02
1012
03
02
1033
04
02
1174
05
02
1175
06
02
1300
07
02
1670
08
02
1671
09
02
1900
10
02
1901
11
02
2004
12
02
2140
13
02
2200
14
02
2300
15
01
2500
16
02
14000
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Group Number
Customer group
Customer
17
02
22000
18
02
99999
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1-1 Check in the Material Master whether the material L-40F is allocated.
1-2 In the IMG, check whether the procedure is maintained for discrete or cumulative allocations in Customizing.
1-3 In the IMG, check which consumption periods are maintained for info structure S140 in Customizing?
1-4 Which object is linked to the procedure and how long is it valid in Customizing?
1.5
Maintain in Flexible Planning customer requirements and allocations quantities for your customer. Use planning type COMMIT and inactive version 000. Set the following planning parameters: Product allocation object: Sales Organization: Distribution Channel: Customer group: Customer:
Work center 1000 12 Your customer group Your customer
Plan for key figure Customer reqmts of 100 cartons and an ProdAllocQty of 50 cartons for each of the next 6 months, and then save your plan.
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1-6 Create a sales order. Logistics → Sales and distribution → Sales → Order → Create On the selection screen, enter the following data: Order type:
OR
Sales Organization:
1000
Distribution Channel:
12
Division:
00
1-6-1 Enter your customer, a PO number, the material L-40F and an order quantity of 40 cartons. 1-6-2 Check the availability of the material: Your sales order appears in the ATP view as simulated requirements. You also see the cumulated ATP quantity on this line. The confirmed quantity will be taken from Plant 1200, storage location 1000. 1-6-3 Return to the single-line entry overview, and change the order quantity to 200 cartons. If you now check the availability a information window ”Production allocation check found changes to the confirmation”. Check the product allocation quantities and the confirmed quantities. Accept the delivery proposal by clicking [copy] to the right of it. Check the scheduled lines and write down the confirmed quantities and their dates. Save your sales order. 1-7 Change your allocations plan in Flexible Planning and check the updating of the sales order. Use planning type COMMIT and version 000. Set the following planning parameters: Product allocation object:
Work center
Sales Organization: Distribution Channel: Customer group: Customer:
1000 12 Your customer group Your customer
1-7-1 Why is synchronous updating used?
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10.16Allocations - Solutions Unit: Allocations
In this unit, each group is assigned their own customer in Sales Organization 1000, Distribution Channel 12.
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Group Number
Customer group
Customer
01
02
1002
02
02
1012
03
02
1033
04
02
1174
05
02
1175
06
02
1300
07
02
1670
08
02
1671
09
02
1900
10
02
1901
11
02
2004
12
02
2140
13
02
2200
14
02
2300
15
01
2500
16
02
14000
17
02
22000
18
02
99999
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1-1 Check in the Material Master whether the material L-40F is allocated. Logistics → Materials management → Material master → Material → Display → Display current Enter L-40F and press Enter. Select Basic data 1 and press Enter. Check the entry for product allocation: Procedure BULBS 1-2 In the IMG, check whether the procedure is maintained for discrete or cumulative allocations in Customizing. Tools → Business Engineer → Customizing → Implement. Projects → SAP Reference IMG Sales and distribution → Basic functions → Availability check and transfer of requirements → Availability Check → Availability Check Against Product Allocation → Maintain procedure The ATP consumption indicator for procedure BULBS is set, so cumulative allocations are used. 1-3 In the IMG, check which consumption periods are maintained for info structure S140 in Customizing? Availability Check Against Product Allocation → Define consumption periods For info structure S14, backward consumption of 3 month and forward consumption of 10 month is maintained. Not used allocations of the past are cumulated for the current period before product allocation is checked. 1-4 Which object is linked to the procedure and how long is it valid in Customizing? Availability Check Against Product Allocation → Control product allocation Select procedure BULBS and press [Continue] The object WORK CENTER is valid until the 31.12.2004. It must also be included in the planning hierarchy of the info structure to link the allocated materials to the planned quantities for the customers.
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1-5
Maintain in Flexible Planning customer requirements and allocations quantities for your customer. Use planning type COMMIT and inactive version 000. Set the following planning parameters: Product allocation object: Sales Organization: Distribution Channel: Customer group: Customer:
Work center 1000 12 Your customer group Your customer
Plan for key figure Customer reqmts of 100 cartons and an ProdAllocQty of 50 cartons for each of the next 6 months, and then save your plan. Logistics → Logistics Controlling → Flexible planning → Planning → Change Enter the planning type COMMIT (linked to info structure S140) Enter your customer and select inactive version 000 Select the next 6 months and use the distribute function = Save the plan. 1-6 Create a sales order. Logistics → Sales and distribution → Sales → Order → Create On the selection screen, enter the following data: Order type:
OR
Sales Organization:
1000
Distribution Channel:
12
Division:
00
1-6-1 Enter your customer, a PO number, the material L-40F and an order quantity of 40 cartons. 1-6-2 Check the availability of the material: → Environment → Availability Your sales order appears in the ATP view as simulated requirements. You also see the cumulated ATP quantity on this line. The confirmed quantity will be taken from Plant 1200, storage location 1000.
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1-6-3 Return to the single-line entry overview, and change the order quantity to 200 cartons. If you now check the availability, an information window ”Product allocation check found changes to the confirmation” appears. Check the product allocation quantities and the confirmed quantities. → Goto → Product allocation Accept the delivery proposal by clicking [copy] to the right of it. Check the scheduled lines and write down the confirmed quantities and their dates. Goto → Item → Schedule lines Save your sales order. 1-7 Change your allocations plan in Flexible Planning and check the updating of the sales order. Use planning type COMMIT and version 000. Logistics → Logistics Controlling → Flexible planning → Planning → Change Set the following planning parameters: Product allocation object:
Work center
Sales Organization: Distribution Channel: Customer group: Customer:
1000 12 Your customer group Your customer
1-7-1 Why is synchronous updating used? For product allocations, synchronous updating is used to ensure that you can not save the sales order without updating the info structure.
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11 Conclusion
Planning Types Master Data Planning Functions Planning Method Info Structure
Stat. Forecast
Allocations
May
Events Job
Mass Processing Production Planning SAP AG 1999
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11.2 Course Objectives
You are now able to: Create sales and production plans Use the forecast tool Create planning types, macros and events Perform resource planning and rough-cut
capacity analysis Transfer planning results to the Demand
Management Outline the differences between Standard SOP
and Flexible Planning Use mass processing SAP AG 1999
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11.3 Recommended Follow-up Activities
Go through the exercises using IDES data or your own data Read on-line documentation Read IMG documentation Read release notes
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11.4 Logistics Planning Systems
Sales organization Distribution channel Division Plant Material
Sales plans Production plans .
SKUs/ configurable materials
SOP SOP
..
Statement of demand .
Demand Demand Management Management
..
Order and rate proposals BOM explosion Scheduling at work centers Quantities . and dates
MPS/MRP MPS/MRP
..
Production controlled by run schedule headers
Repetitive Repetitive Manufacturing Manufacturing
Production order control
SFC SFC
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11.5 Information Flow
SD
Demand Management
Sales order in August 1998: Laptop DD-415
Planned independent requirements Consumed with sales orders at SKU level
SIS Updating
Flexible Planning (SOP)
Sales order for August 1998: sales organization EAST, distribution channel WHOLESALE, material LAPTOP DD-415
Sales plan 1999 Event planning Resource leveling Planned production quantities 1999
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The graphic shows the flow of information from the SD module through the Sales Information System and Sales and Operations Planning to Demand Management.
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12 Appendix
This section contains supplementary material to be used as reference This material is not part of the standard course Therefore, the instructor might not cover this during the course presentation
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12.2 Functional Enhancements MCP20001
Read external data
MCP20002
Calculate initial macro " default macro " final macro
MCP20003
Apply user-defined functions
MCP20004
Display user-defined header info
MCP20005
Check authorizations
MCP20006
Customize header info in EXCEL downloads
MCP20007
Choose user-defined characteristic values (F4)
R/3
User Exit
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You can develop your own functional enhancements for planning using a project in Customizing (transaction CMOD). With a functional enhancement, you can add your own elements to application logic, screens, and menus. The graphic lists the support functional enhancements. The following rules apply to the functional enhancements: To include external data in the planning table (MCP20001), you must insert a line for this purpose in a planning type (Edit → User exit data). External data can be data from elsewhere in the system or from a third-party system. If you write a complex macro with the MCP20002 user enhancement, you must define this macro in a planning type. The macro name must begin with the string USER.
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12.3 Additional User Exits
MCP20011
Process data records to be updated
MCP20012
Exclude function codes
MCP20013
Set planning table parameters when accessing
MCP20014
Maintain a key figure text for a charcteristic
MCP20015
Set the field names material/plant
MCP20017
Influence the enqueue of key figures
MCP20018
Provide entries for a level of planning hierarchy
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After you have changed data in the planning table you can use MCP20011 to analyze, enhance, or change data records before the system stores them in the database, for example, to fill character key figures. Use MCP20012 to inactivate function codes such as Disaggregate line. Use MCP20013 to initialize the planning table, for example, select periods, change line status to output only, enter key figure values (for example, prices). Use MCP20014 to maintain different key figure descriptions for different characteristic values. If the system cannot the determine material/plant for your data element for the transfer to Demand Management, specify your field names in the MCP20015 user exit. If you have set the Key-figure-restricted DB update to on (transaction MC7F), the MCP20017 user exit allows you to further reduce the number of key figures the system is to lock. Use MCP20018 to define possible entries for the maintenance of a planning hierarchy.
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12.4 User Methods
Automatic creation of a planning hierarchy Reduce planning records Reorganize actual data Set opening stock Copy between info structures
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You can create your own user methods in Copy Management for the functions shown in the graphic. Do this in Customizing step Define user methods. A user method is a program or programs written by your company to perform a clearly defined, highly specific task when certain conditions exist. For example, a method allows you to perform complex transformations on statistical data. It consists of administrative information and an ABAP FORM routine that you write yourself.
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