Science

Chapter 1: Being a scientist

1.1

A N S W E R S

Science equipment wordfind

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Answers   1 TRIPOD   2 CYLINDER   3 PEG   4 SAFETY GLASSES   5 GAS JAR   6 THERMOMETER   7 SPATULA

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  8 GAUZE MAT   9 DROPPER 10 TONGS 11 BEAKER 12 CRUCIBLE 13 BUNSEN BURNER 14 CONICAL FLASK

15 FUNNEL 16 STIRRING ROD 17 RETORT STAND 18 TEST TUBE 19 TEST TUBE BRUSH 20 HEAT

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S A N S W E R S

1.2

Chapter 1: Being a scientist Answers to worksheets

Identifying science science equipment equipment Identifying

thermometer

safety glasses

test tube rack

clamp brass tongs

bosshead

spatulas

test tube test tube holder

conical flask-

beaker Bunsen burner

tripod and gauze mat

bench mat

evaporating dish

clay triangle retort stand

watch glass retort stand, bosshead and clamp

crucible and lid

measuring cylinder

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 SCI1 on CD © Pearson This Education Australia 2002. This for pageclassroom may be photocopied for classroom use. page may be photocopied use.

58

A N S W E R S

  1 a b c d e f g h i j k l

7 km = 7000 m 62 m = 620 cm 3 cm = 30 mm 5000 m = 5 km 60 cm = 0.6 m 3000 mm = 300 cm 2.5 km = 2500 m 0.75 m = 750 cm 30.2 cm = 302 mm 40 m = 0.04 km 350 cm = 3.5 m 25.9 mm = 2.59 cm

  2 a b c d

4 t = 4000 kg 62 kg = 62 000 g 2 g = 2000 mg 9000 kg = 9 t

1.4

Chapter 1: Being a scientist

Metric units of measurement

e f g h i j k l

30 000 g = 30 kg 8000 mg = 8 g 1.5 t = 1500 kg 0.62 kg = 620 g 2.2 g = 2200 mg 200 kg = 0.2 t 150 g = 0.15 kg 105.7 mg = 0.1057 g

  3 a b c d e f g h

80 ML = 80 000 L 33 L = 33 000 mL 90 000 L = 90 ML 2000 mL = 2 L 19.5 ML = 19 500 L 0.15 L = 150 mL 74 L = 0.074 ML 350 mL = 0.35 L

  4 Time Biggest

×   5 a b c d e f

h hours 60 to get

Smallest min minutes × 60 to get

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3.5 h = 210 minutes 45 min = 0.75 h 120 s = 2 min 30 min = 1800 s 2.25 h = 8100 s 3600 s = 1 h

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

1

1.6

Being a scientist crossword 2

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Chapter 1: Being a scientist

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

1.7

Chapter 1: Being a scientist

Sci-words

Unit 1.1: Safety—before we start Word corrosive poisonous acid rules

Clue A substance that will burn skin Dangerous, toxic A dangerous chemical, corrosive We are safer if we follow them

Unit 1.2: What is science? Word experiment five senses sight smell, taste & touch observations conclusion

Clue A test run to answer a scientific question We use them to make observations The most important sense It is often too dangerous to use these senses in an experiment You use your senses to make these A short summary of what you found out in an experiment

Unit 1.3: Observing Word qualitative quantitative measurements inference prediction

Clue A descriptive observation An observation involving numbers These increase the accuracy of our observations A logical explanation What may happen in the future

Unit 1.4: Equipment Word measuring cylinder beaker test tube safety glasses cross-section

Clue Used to measure an amount of liquid accurately Used to heat large amounts of liquid Used to heat small amounts of liquid Worn for safety A diagram showing equipment split down the middle

Unit 1.5: Reporting Word scientific report aim hypothesis apparatus procedure results discussion & analysis conclusion

Clue A written explanation of an experiment What you intend to do in an experiment An educated guess of what you may find out Equipment you are to use The method you will follow in an experiment Observations and measurements, usually presented in a table Graphs are included here, as are problems encountered and what you did to overcome them What was found out in the experiment

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

1.7

Chapter 1: Being a scientist

Sci-words—page 2

Unit 1.6: Measurement Word measurements metric system imperial system mistake error reading error beam balance mass

Clue Taken to improve the accuracy of observations The unit system used by scientists The unit system used in the USA and by older people Something in an experiment that could have been avoided with care Something in an experiment that could not have been avoided even with care The error made when a measurement falls between the markings on an instrument An instrument used to measure mass The amount of matter in an object

Unit 1.7: Working scientifically Word variable froth factor accident fair

Clue A factor that may affect an experiment Produced by detergent Another name for ‘variable’ Discoveries are sometimes made by _____ A test should be _____

Unit 1.8: Using a Bunsen burner Word Bunsen burner collar airhole safety flame tripod & gauze mat retort stand, boss head & clamp crucible & lid

Clue Used in the laboratory for heating Used to control the airflow into a Bunsen burner Needs to be open to make a blue flame A yellow, dirty and ‘cool’ flame A stand and mat used to hold a beaker or flask over a Bunsen burner A tall stand often used to hold things over a Bunsen burner Used to heat small amounts of solid

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

2.1

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

The story of Robert Brown

  1 Name the scientist who was the first to observe moving pollen grains.

  6 Suggest a reason why pollen and fine powdered dust move in water.





Robert Brown

  2 Name the scientist who successfully explained the observations.

Albert Einstein

  3 State how many years there were between the observation, the theory and the conclusion.

78 years

  7 Identify who finally used Brown’s observations to prove the existence of atoms and molecules.







He used various products of organic bodies, even coal dust

Brownian motion

  9 Explain what you think a theory is.

  5 Brown repeated his experiments to try to disprove his first explanation. Identify the materials he used to do this.

French physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin

  8 State the name of the theory that explains Brown’s observations.

  4 Describe Brown’s first explanation for the movement of the pollen grains. The grains were alive and could move themselves.

They are being hit by randomly moving water particles.

A theory is an explanation or model using what we have found out by observing and experimenting. It can be tested and used to explain and predict other natural phenomena.

10 Summarise the theory of Brownian motion in your own words.

Brownian motion is the constant movement of particles caused by them being bumped by other particles in air or water.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

2.2

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

States of matter

  1 Match the three diagrams to the three observations listed below. Observation 1: C Observation 2: B Observation 3: A   2 Using the observations listed in question 1, predict what will happen to the size of a solid if you heat it. It will increase in size.   3 Draw a diagram to show your prediction in question 2. Use the three diagrams above as a guide. Diagrammatic answer required.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

2.3

A N S W E R S

Expansion graphs

  1 Plot the above information on the graph below, and draw a line of best fit for each metal. 6.0

Expansion of metals 5.0

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  2 As with any experiment, readings are not necessarily perfectly exact. If they were exact, suggest how the graph would have been different. The lines would pass through each point.   3 Calculate the slope of each graph by measuring the rise and run of a section of each line of best fit. Iron 0.025 (answers will vary), copper 0.035 (answers will vary), aluminium 0.051 (answers will vary)   4 Divide each slope by 2 to find the expansion per metre for every degree rise in temperature. Iron 0.0125, copper 0.0175, aluminium 0.02551

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

Density D (g/cm3)

2.4

Density calculations Volume V (cm3)

mass m (g)

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12.5

A N S W E R S

1

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

2.5 2

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

Solids, liquids and gases crossword

I N C O M P R E S S I B L O 6 C Y L I N D E I 8 9 F D M 10 R B O I L I N G 11 F T M E 12 E L I Q U I D 14 C Z O C 16 17 N G V A P O R I T N R N 18 19 I G D P H A S E O X O M E N P I S N 22 23 A N V S U B 25 N T O F A 28 29 L M O D E L T H E U A O I 30 M A O G A S 31 S M E L T I N G

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

2.6

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

Sci-words

Unit 2.1: The particle model Word model matter phase solid liquid gas bonds incompressible motion diffusion membrane

Clue Used to explain certain behaviour Anything that takes up space and has mass Another word for ‘state’ State of matter that has a fixed shape Bonds between particles in this are weak Will completely fill a container Hold particles together. Cannot be squashed into less space Brownian _______ How gases move through a room We detect smells when particles dissolve here

Unit 2.2: Changes of state Word melting point solidification freezing boiling vaporisation condensation sublimation

Clue Sold changing to liquid The melting _____ of ice is 0°C Another word for freezing Liquid changing to solid Bubbles escape the surface of a heated liquid Evaporation Gas changing to a liquid Gas changing directly to a solid

Unit 2.3: Expansion Word expand contract concrete bimetallic sag thermometer mercury ice pressure

Clue Get bigger Get smaller Has the same expansion rate as steel Type of strip that bends when heated Power lines ___ more on hot days Use expanding liquid to give a temperature reading Metal that is a liquid at room temperature Less dense than water at 4°C Gases in containers exert more ________ at higher temperatures

Unit 2.4: Density Word mass volume density cylinder grams kilograms cubic float salt water

Clue Often measured in grams or kilograms The amount of space something takes up Mass divided by volume A measuring ________ can be used to find the volume of an object Units of mass Units for large masses _____ centimetres are units of volume An object will _____ if it is less dense than the liquid it is in ____ water is more dense than fresh water Has a density of 1.0 Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

3.1

A N S W E R S

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Representing mixtures

Use the following key to draw diagrams representing the types of mixtures indicated. The first one has been done for you. Key Particle of a solid that dissolves to form a clear mixture Particle of a solid that dissolves to form an opaque mixture Particle of a solid within an emulsion Particle of a solid that settles out of a liquid Particle of a liquid solvent Particle of another liquid Particle of a gas

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Answers to worksheets Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.2 3.2

A N S W E R S A N S W E R S

Types of mixtures wordfind Types of mixtures wordfind

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Wordlist BLOOD COFFEE COLLOID CREAM DETERGENT DISINFECTANT EMULSION

SCI1 on CD

FOAM FOG INK JELLY LEMONADE MILK MIST

PAINT PETROL SMOKE SOL SOLUTION SUSPENSION YARRA

© Pearson Education Australia 2002. This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 63 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

3.3

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Application of filtering at home

  1 In the diagrams, the filtering devices have different-sized holes. Explain why the teabag has differentsized holes to the ones in the deep fry basket.



Chips are much larger than tea leaves, so a deep fry basket does not need such small holes.

  2 For each filtering device shown above, list what goes through the ‘filter’.



teabag – water and dissolved tea; sink plug hole – water; deep fry basket – fat/oil; flour sieve – flour; colander – water; slotted spoon – water or oil; fly screen – air

  3 For each filtering device shown above, list what is trapped or stopped by the ‘filter’.



teabag – tea leaves; sink plug hole – food scraps; deep fry basket – chips; flour sieve – lumps of flour; colander – vegetables; slotted spoon – pasta or vegetables; fly screen – flies, leaves and dirt

  4 Fly screen mesh could be used for other purposes. List three items that could be replaced with fly screen mesh.



flour sieve, colander, slotted spoon

  5 Order each filtering device by the size of the holes, from largest to smallest.



sink plug hole; slotted spoon, deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, tea bag

  6 Compare the shape of the holes used to filter materials and group as irregular or regular. In the regular group, what shapes do we find?



Irregular – sing plug hole, slotted spoon Regular – deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, teabag Square, rectangular and circles

  7 Sometimes you will find small dark specks in the bottom of your teacup after using a teabag. Describe a reason why this may occur.



The holes in the paper filter used for the tea bag are larger than the tea leaf dust. Therefore these can pass out of the teabag into the cup.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

3.4

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Using chromatography

  1 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used only one pure colour dye in their material.

Button up

  2 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of two colour dyes in their material.

Sleeveless

  3 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of four colour dyes in their material.

Big shirt and The shirt company

  4 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used the same colour dye in their material as was found at the crime scene.

Collars

  5 The scientists did not use water as a solvent when they carried out their tests. Explain why they did not use water.

The dye used is not soluble in water.

  6 The students at this school also wear blue shirts. Explain how you could prove that the material found at the scene was not from a student shirt.

Perform a chromatography test on a number of pieces from various brands of school shirts worn at the high school and compare with the sample from the crime scene. (More able students may point out that the suspect’s shirt could be made by the same maker as the school shirts.)

  7 If the police find a suspect who owns a blue shirt that has been repaired, describe what they could do to check whether they have caught the thief.

Remove a sample from the suspect’s shirt and test it against the sample from the crime scene. The chromatography results from the suspect should match the sample from the crime scene.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

Chapter 3: Mixtures

3.6

Mixtures crossword 1

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E F L U O R I D E E 10 C A T C H M E T 13 S R 14 15 O F I I E S N V T S 18 A C O N C E T L 21 M I X T U R E C B 25 S L U D G E

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

3.7

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Sci-words

Unit 3.1: Types of mixtures Word mixture solution solute solvent dilute concentrated soluble insoluble saturated suspension sediment colloid emulsion foam

Clue Not a pure substance Particles spread throughout a clear liquid Dissolves to form a solution Used to dissolve substances Weak Strong Will dissolve Won’t dissolve No more substance can be dissolved in a _____ solution Settles out if left Substance that settles out Won’t settle out, but not clear Milk is an example of one of these Type of colloid with gas mixed with liquid

Unit 3.2: Separating insoluble substances Word decanting sieving filter panning centrifuge magnetic electrostatic froth gangue liberation

Clue Tipping carefully to remove liquid without sediment Separates different-sized particles Only very small particles pass through this Type of gravity separation Spins rapidly to separate mixtures Type of separation method _____ precipitators are used in chimneys _____ flotation is used to separate minerals Waste product in mineral separation Early stage of mineral separation

Unit 3.3: Separating soluble substances Word evaporation distillation petrol crystals absorption silica medium chromatography

Clue May be used to separate salt from water Used to separate substances from crude oil May be obtained from crude oil Left after evaporation Gas masks use _____ to remove substances from a mixture Type of gel used to remove moisture Filter paper is a _____ used to separate colours Method of colour separation

Unit 3.4: Water supply and sewage Word reservoir chlorine fluoride

Clue Large body of water Chemical used to kill germs Helps fight tooth decay Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

lime soda electrolytes catchment service sewage sewerage activated aeration settling fertiliser

3.7

Chapter 3: Mixtures

Sci-words—page 2 Used to adjust acidity of water Used to adjust acidity of water Added to water to cause flocculation Area where rainfall is collected for water supplies Type of artificial reservoir Waste water produced by humans Network of pipes etc used to transfer waste water _____ sludge process Early stage of sewage treatment Sludge falls to bottom of the _____ tank Useful by-product of sewage treatment

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

4.1

Chapter 4: Cells

Cell diagrams

animal cell – see Figure 4.2.5 in Science Focus 6 plant cell – see Figure 4.2.7 in Science Focus 6

A N S W E R S

4.2

Chapter 4: Cells

Single-celled organisms

See Figure 4.3.9 in Science Focus 6

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

4.4

A N S W E R S

Chapter 4: Cells

The human skeleton iakbb

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

1

4.5

Chapter 4: Cells

Cells crossword

S C A N N I N G T O 7 8 9 10 M I C R O S C O P Y A A A T T P R 12 13 A C O H E A H P M 16 L L E D A A C I 17 18 C M A G N I S U E Y M E S M D L T O L 22 I S Y S T E M V O 25 E B R A I N A 27 P H O T O S Y N T H

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

4.6

Chapter 4: Cells

Sci-words

Unit 4.1: The microscope Word microscope compound Janssen Lippershey Hooke eyepiece focus stage objective lens clips mirror base magnification specimen image scanning

Clue Used to view tiny specimens Type of microscope Father and son inventors of the microscope One of the inventors of the microscope Designed a prototype of the modern microscope Top part of microscope Do this to obtain a clear image Where a specimen is placed Lens just above specimen Part of a microscope Hold slides on the stage Used to direct light through a hole in the stage Bottom of the microscope Describes how large an image can be What is placed on a slide on the stage of a microscope What you see through a microscope The S in SEM

Unit 4.2: Plant and animal cells Word Hooke cells organism bacteria cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole photosynthesis chloroplasts chlorophyll sap

Clue First used the term ‘cells’ to describe parts of cork Building blocks of life Living thing Simple type of cells with no nucleus Boundary of a plant cell Fluid inside a cell Control centre Storage area How plants make their own food Where photosynthesis occurs Green chemical Cell _____ is inside a vacuole

Unit 4.3: Specialised cells Word unicellular multicellular blood muscle nerve brain skin bone fat

Clue Organisms made of only one cell Organisms made of many cells _____ carries food and oxygen around the body Long cells that can stretch and contract Cells that carry messages Sends messages to muscles _____ cells cover our body _____ cells help support our body Cells that insulate Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

4.6

sperm egg protists ciliates flagellates sporozoans binary Chlamydomonas Euglena stomata guard root

Chapter 4: Cells

Sci-words—page 2 Male sex cell Female sex cell Single-celled organisms Have tiny hairs that beat to produce movement Have a long, whip-like tail Exist in other cells _____ fission Single-celled organism that can survive severe drought Single-celled organism Openings on lower side of leaf Cells used to control opening and closing of small holes in a leaf Water is absorbed by _____ hair cells

Unit 4.4: Groups of cells Word tissue organ heart skin brain intestines kidneys eyes system nervous circulatory digestive reproductive respiratory urinary

Clue Group of similar cells Tissue groups together to form an _____ Organ that pumps Organ that covers our body Organ that is part of the nervous system Organs involved in digestion Humans have two of these organs Humans have two of these sense organs Group of organs System that includes the brain Blood system System that includes the stomach System that produces sex cells System that includes the lungs Waste removal system

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A N S W E R S

5.1

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Energy changes

  1 Energy transformations: a A gas oven – chemical to heat b A computer – electrical to light and sound c A food blender – electrical to kinetic and sound d Opening a can of soft drink – potential to sound and kinetic e Jumping on a trampoline – elastic to kinetic to gravitational potential etc. f Dropping a ball – gravitational to kinetic to gravitational etc. g A match being lit – chemical to heat and light h A roller coaster going downhill – gravitational potential to kinetic i A roller coaster going uphill – kinetic to gravitational potential j A wind turbine – kinetic to electrical k Playing a CD player – chemical (to electrical and kinetic) to sound

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

5.2

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Other temperature scales

  1 What do you notice about the values in the Kelvin column compared to those in the Celsius and Fahrenheit columns? They are all positive.   2 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Fahrenheit for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100. Draw a straight line through the plotted points. °F 250 200 150 100 50

°C –100 –80

–60

–40

–20 –50

20

40

60

80

100

–100 –150 –200 –250

  3 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Kelvin for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100. Draw a straight line through the plotted points. K 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

°C –100 –80

–60

–40

–20

20

40

60

80

100

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A N S W E R S

 4

5.2

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Other temperature scales—page 2

°C

°F

15

59

288

21.1

70

294.1

573

1063.4

300

12.8

K

55

285.8

–150

–238

123

373

703.4

100

A N S W E R S

5.3

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Applications of laser light

  1 Identify three properties of a laser beam.

It is a narrow, intense and single-coloured beam of light.

  2 Explain how we can see a beam of light from a laser.

Some of the light from the beam bounces off the dust in the air.

  3 State what the letters of the word ‘laser’ stand for. (These types of words are called acronyms.)

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

  4 State when the first working lasers were constructed, and by whom.

Theodore Maiman in 1960

  5 Describe the features that make lasers very useful in medicine.

The pinpoint beam of a laser can be focused very accurately on a target and make fine cuts.

  6 Explain why lasers have been used successfully in eye surgery.

They are very accurate and can remove very small amounts of tissue.

  7 Identify three medical uses for lasers.

Fine cuts, cure common sight problems, and clean out blocked arteries

  8 Describe what stores use lasers for.

To instantly find the price and information of the purchase by scanning the barcode

  9 Every credit card contains a special photograph made by a laser. Identify what this photograph is called.

It is called a hologram.

10 Explain how a laser is used in a CD or DVD player.

The CD or DVD spins over the laser head, which ‘reads’ the tiny pits in the surface and converts them into digital code. This code is converted into music or pictures or both.

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5.5

A N S W E R S

  1

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

The sonic spectrum

Sound Frequency (Hz)

Intensity level (dB)

Category

100

 20

Inaudible

200

 40

Audible

1000

 60

Speech

2000

120

Pain

10 000

 50

Music

20 000

 30

Inaudible

500

 90

Music

4000

 50

Speech

  2 Various answers – some examples are: a Inaudible 50 Hz, 20 dB b Music 50 Hz, 70 dB c Speech 400 Hz, 70 dB d Painful 1000 Hz, 130 dB

A N S W E R S

5.6

20 Hz, 100 dB 10 000 Hz, 60 dB 5000 Hz, 50 dB 15 000 Hz, 140 dB

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Morse code

  1 a Morse code is named after its inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse. b Camels store fat in their humps not water. c A blue whale call may travel several thousand kilometres.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

1

5.7

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Heat, light and sound crossword

2

M 6 L I Q U I D 9 S P A S O N I C C R 16 17 C B A T 19 I F O C I N R L V 23 R E V E R B E S C P T I O N I 28 O S C I L L 29 N A I R 30 31 32 T S P G 34 35 36 I N S U L A T O R L O U S U A N N N N 38 E S H A D O W

B 5 R A Y T 11 12 U L T R A E 15 F H L E 21 W A V E C T T 25 I R 26 A B S O R N D I

3

7

S O L

8

I D N 13 E C H O I 18 D C 20 E I 22 N O N – L C C R A T E N 27 D T H E O S C O P E C 33 E L O N G I T U T G 37 H S T

4

U M B R A I 10 S M O K E 14 L P U E R O L U M N I I U M I N O U S E C 24 S C O C O P E U N D E R N D T U C T D I N A L O O N A R

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A N S W E R S

5.8

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Sci-words

Unit 5.1: Energy Word work potential kinetic joule Sun conserved destroyed chemical

Clue Energy has the ability to do _____ _____ energy is stored energy _____ energy is moving energy The unit of energy The source of all energy on Earth All energy is _____ Energy cannot be created or _____ Another form of energy

Unit 5.2: Heat Word heat conduction convection radiation particles solid liquid gas insulator glazed batt smoke breeze infra-red absorption reflection fire

Clue _____ may be transferred three ways Heat transfer involving vibrating particles Hot air rises due to _____ Heat from the Sun reaches us this way Small parts of a substance One of the states of matter A _____ conducts heat better than a gas Air is an example of a _____ A poor conductor Windows are sometimes double _____ Type of insulation used in some buildings Indicates convection currents Occurs at night due to differences in land and sea temperature Radiated heat Black objects are good at this Occurs at shiny surfaces A source of heat

Unit 5.3: Light Word light Sun sky luminous non-luminous incandescent bioluminescent shadow umbra penumbra diffuse

Clue _____ travels at 300 000 000 metres per second Source of heat and light for the Earth Scatters blue light more than other colours Gives out light without heat Not light-emitting Emits light with heat Describes a living thing that emits light Can be sharp or fuzzy Full shadow Partial shadow Irregular reflection

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A N S W E R S

regular incidence reflected normal ray mirror plane virtual periscope lateral inverted

5.8

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Sci-words—page 2 Type of reflection Angle of _____ Bounced back Line that meets mirror at right angles _____ of light Reflects light A _____ mirror has a flat surface Not real Device for seeing above eye level _____ inversion produces mirror writing Upside down or back to front

Unit 5.4: Sound Word sound vacuum eardrum vibration wave longitudinal thunder echo sonar ultrasonic ultrasound dolphin reverberation oscilloscope music column air string resonate decibels

Clue Caused by vibration No air (or anything else) Detects sound Back and forth movement Series of compressions and rarefactions Longways (type of wave) Heard after lightning Reflected sound Sound navigation and ranging Type of sound wave that cannot be heard by humans Used to check development of unborn babies Animal that uses echolocation A rapid echo Device for displaying graphs of pressure caused by sound Pleasant sound A clarinet produces sound using a vibrating _____ of air Speed of sound in _____ is about 330 metres per second Vibrates to produce sound in a guitar Vibrate at the same frequency as a nearby vibration Used to measure sound levels

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

6.1

Kingdom

Animal kingdom

Phylum

Chordata (includes vertebrates)

Class

Reptilia (reptiles)

Order

Squamata (scaly reptiles)

Suborder

Sauria (lizards)

Family

Skincidae (skinks)

Genus

Tiliqua (blue-tongued skinks)

Species

Tiliqua rugosa (stumpy tail lizard)

Chapter 6: Classification

Sifting and sorting

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

6.2

Chapter 6: Classification

Scientific naming

  1 Use the above names to find the meaning of Phascolarctos cinereus. Identify the unique Australian animal that has this scientific name.

Pouch, grey, bear. Koala.

  2 Describe what you think an eriovisus might be.

Woolly sheep

  3 You have just found an entomonisulcata in the garden. Explain what this is.

A digging insect

  4 Propose a scientific name for a lizard with a very pointed tongue.

Acoceglossusauros

  5 Propose a name for a new species of monkey that you have discovered, that only has three fingers on each hand.

Tridactylpithecus

  6 Would an Odormalusauros make a good pet? Explain your answer.

No. It is a bad-smelling lizard.

  7 Explain what you think the word ‘dinosaur’ means, using the above words.

Terrible lizard

  8 What would the following animal look like?

Malusodorusobesusdactylosaurus



Bad-smelling fat fingered lizard.

  9 You are the discoverer of five new animals. Give a description and scientific name for each of your animals.

Students to propose own answers.

10 Draw a diagram of one of your new animals on the following page.

Students to draw own diagram.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

6.3

Sorting animals

Segmented worms

Arachnids

Crustaceans

Anemones

Flatworms

Millipedes

Corals Jellyfish

Centipedes

Molluscs

Arthropods

Cnidarians

Bony

Placental

Vertebrates

Cartilaginous

Jawless

Monotremes

Worms Mammals

Birds

Reptiles

Amphibians

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

Fish

Invertebrates

Chapter 6: Classification

Insects

A N S W E R S

A N S W E R S

6.4

Chapter 6: Classification

Classification crossword 1

2

3

C H A R A C T E R I S L E 6 A S B 7 S P H O T O S Y N S I T 10 A I R M O N F A 11 T Y I E 13 I C C X 14 O A H C S N T O R T I R E R O D T U N A I C 18 A U T O T R O E N U 22 R S P E C I E S

T I C S

8

B I R D I S

4

V E R T E B R A T

5

9

P A R A S I T I

T H E S T A C X N O T R E M E O O 12 N T E O H X 15 E N D O T H E R M I C I R S S M K 17 I E F E R T I L C L 19 20 E P F P H 21 H E T E R O T R O P O L U 23 Y I A M P H I B I A N S 24 P T P L A C E N T A L

16

K E Y

H

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

6.5

Chapter 6: Classification

Sci-words

Unit 6.1: Being alive Word characteristics cellular respiration autotroph heterotroph photosynthesis endotherm ectotherm excretion

Clue Typical qualities of something Reaction that produces energy Produces its own food Feeds on other plants and animals Reaction of plants to produce food Warm-blooded animal Cold-blooded animal Removal of wastes

Unit 6.2: From kingdom to species Word classification taxonomist kingdom species sterile fertile key

Clue Process of putting similar things in groups Person who puts things into groups Largest group of organisms Small division of organisms Cannot reproduce Can reproduce Representation of a classification system

Unit 6.3: Animal classification Word structural chordates vertebrate amphibians birds placental mammal monotreme polyp exoskeleton parasitic

Clue Physical features Animals with backbones Animal with backbone of vertebrae Class that frogs belong to Animals with feathers Type of mammal Platypus is one Cnidarian attached to a rock External skeleton Feeds off other animals

Unit 6.4: Plants and other kingdoms Word botany vascular bundles fruit protists

Clue Study of plants Groups of conducting cells Part of flower that contains seeds Kingdom that includes seaweeds

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

7.2

Chapter 7: Forces

Skateboarding forces – the ollie

Questions   1 a List the four forces that are applied to the skateboard in normal riding. Include the direction of each.



Weight of the rider and board – DOWN Force of the ground on the skateboard wheels – UP The force moving the skateboard – FORWARD The force of friction on the wheels – BACK

b Label these forces on the diagram above.



See Figure 7.3.6 of Science Focus 6.

  2 The skateboard going at constant speed tells us something about these forces. What is it?

The forces are equal or balanced.

  3 When the rear foot pushes down on the skateboard there are two forces. Name the action and the reaction force.



Action force – back foot pushing down Reaction force – ground exerting an upward force on the board

  4 When the board starts to climb, are the forces balanced or unbalanced?

Unbalanced

  5 What force is used when the front foot drags the board higher?

The force of friction

  6 If both feet and the board are in contact when in the air, is there any force between them?

No – both are falling due to gravity.

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

7.5

Chapter 7: Forces

Magnets e Around a horseshoe-shaped magnet

S

  1 Draw the magnetic field lines for the following: a Around a bar magnet

N N

S

b When the north pole of a bar magnet comes near the south pole of another bar magnet

S

N

N

S

  2 One bar magnet is placed on the bench standing north end up. A second mar magnet is placed above the first magnet, north end down. Assume that the second magnet cannot fall off the first. Predict what will occur.

The top magnet will ‘float’ because the two are repelled.

  3 Student research activity, various answers.

c When the south poles of two bar magnets are placed near each other

N

S

S

N

d When the north poles of two bar magnets are placed near each other

S

N

N

S

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

7.6 1

Chapter 7: Forces

Forces crossword 2

C O M P A S S 3 F L 4 O E L A S T I C 7 P R G 8 9 B A L A N C E D C R E 11 12 M F R I C T I O N 14 A A H E 15 16 17 A D O L U B R I C A N T I E C E V B N C C E 19 R E L E C T R O M A G N E T A L L C 22 E E R T E N S I O N 23 I R R U N B A L O A A F 25 T T N O N – C O N T A C T I I 27 O O B U O Y A N N N

5

D O M A E 10 O N T A C O S H I E A T S Y I 18 I O 20 21 A L N N O E D L A N C E D S S T T 26 P O L I N C Y 28 N E W

6

I N S K I T D 13 B A L A N I C O E 24

M A S I S H T O N

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

7.7

Chapter 7: Forces

Sci-words

Unit 7.1: Forces – what are they? Word force acceleration deceleration contact non-contact newton calibration elastic inelastic

Clue It can push, pull or twist Speeding up Slowing down A force that actually touches the object A force that does not touch, e.g. gravity The unit for force, symbol N Using a table to mark a scale correctly A material that will bounce back to shape after the force is stopped A material that will be permanently distorted

Unit 7.2: Balanced and unbalanced forces Word balanced unbalanced Newton speed

Clue These forces give no overall force These forces will cause acceleration, deceleration, change in direction or shape Gave us three laws of motion Forces are balanced when a bike is going at constant _____.

Unit 7.3: Friction: slowing down and getting moving Word friction heat lubricant polish or wet ball bearings hovercraft traction slide & skid

Clue A force caused by one surface sliding over another Generated by friction Something that will reduce friction A method of smoothing a surface to reduce friction Useful in reducing friction on wheels and axles Uses a cushion of air to reduce friction Friction provides this ‘grip’ to allow movement Happens when there is no ‘grip’

Unit 7.4: Gravity Word gravity mass weight balance kilogram

Clue A non-contact force that attracts objects to each other The amount of matter in an object The pulling force of gravity Measures mass The metric unit for mass

Unit 7.5: Forces in water Word buoyancy cohesion surface tension density

Clue The upward force of water on a floating object The attraction of water particles to each other Cohesion at the surface of water A measure of the mass that fills a set volume

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A N S W E R S

7.7

Chapter 7: Forces

Sci-words—page 2

Unit 7.6: Magnetic forces Word magnetic force alloy poles like unlike lodestone domains aligned electromagnet permanent magnetic field compass

Clue A non-contact force due to magnets A mixture of fused metals, e.g. steel The ends of a magnet North/north or south/south North/south Another name for magnetite Small magnetic regions that may align and create magnetism in iron All in the same direction A magnet formed by an electrical current Unlikely to lose its magnetism Region around a magnet A small magnet used to find direction

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

8.3

A N S W E R S

Chapter 8: Earth and space

Sunrise, sunset

  1 Estimate current sunrise and sunset times for Cape Town.

Answers will vary depending on the time of year.

  2 When is the earliest Cape Town sunrise?

0715 (7.15 a.m.)

  3 When is the latest Cape Town sunset?

1930 (7.30 p.m.)

  4 At what time of the year are there: a most hours of daylight each day in Cape Town? December and January b least hours of daylight each day in Cape Town? June and July

8.4

A N S W E R S

1

A U U 8 N U C 13 F L E A 19 C R

Chapter 8: Earth and space

Earth and space crossword

2

R O R A O

3 7

M

E P T U N E A T T H 14 A R E D A S N 16 17 O E A T E R B 21 E Q U I N O T 24 25 26 H A A 29 Y P H A S E S O T D 31 L M E R C U R Y L R O 34 O O G R 35 E W I N D 37 D A N N

Y C 20

S O L U 9 N H 10 P A 15 R A T L I P A L 22 P

A X I 27 S O L

S T

4

I C E S E

I G H L A N D E 12 T S D I A T I O N D I 18 S E A R M S S L 23

5

6

L E A P H O S 11 S T O A T S U Y T R O N G T N H E A S S N T R I C S

Y T H A G O R E 28 H E L I O C E 30 C J E U 32 P R O M I N E N C E 33 T M I R A A V I T Y 36 E H E M I S P H E R E C S U L A R

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

8.5

Chapter 8: Earth and space

Earth and space revision

Note: Students are required to copy the correct explanation in full to column 3. Fact

Explanation

A It is light during the day and dark at night

because

the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.

B The Astronomical Unit is used to measure the distances between planets

because

the distances are very large and cannot be measured easily in other units.

C We have four seasons during the year

because

the Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5°.

D We call the current model of the solar system a heliocentric model

because

the Sun is at the centre of the solar system.

E We can see the Moon at night

because

it reflects the light from the Sun.

F Mercury is hotter than Earth

because

it is closer to the Sun than the Earth.

G Ancient civilisations only knew of six planets

because

those planets were visible with the naked eye.

H Galileo saw more than any other astronomer in the 1600s

because

he had built a telescope to look at the night sky.

because

the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun in the summer.

because

the Sun is a lot closer to Earth than any other star.

I

The Sun feels hotter in the summer months

J The Sun looks much brighter than the other stars

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A N S W E R S

8.6

Chapter 8: Earth and space

Sci-words

Unit 8.1: The solar system Word Pythagoras Aristarchus Galileo geocentric heliocentric six Mars Venus Saturn Earth Jupiter Neptune Uranus Mercury Pluto asteroid hydrogen methane

Clue Ancient Greek who thought the Sun orbited the Earth first to place the Sun at the centre of the solar system First to use a telescope to observe planets Earth-centred Sun-centred Number of planets known to the ancients The red planet Hottest planet Gas giant with an impressive ring system The water planet Largest planet The ‘twin’ of Uranus First of the ‘modern’ planets Planet closest to the Sun The planet found in 1930, now called a ‘dwarf planet’ The _____ belt is between Mars and Jupiter Gas found in the atmosphere of several planets Gas that can give a planet a blue appearance

Unit 8.2: The Sun Word sol AU radiation nuclear sunspot flare prominence solar wind aurora annular partial

Clue Another name for the Sun Astronomical unit Examples of this include UV, heat and light _____ fusion produces helium and energy Area not quite as hot as those around it Type of solar feature Larger type of solar eruption Stream of particles from the Sun Spectacular light display Type of solar eclipse Type of solar eclipse

Unit 8.3: Earth’s movement in space Word day night orbit leap seasons hemisphere solstice

Clue Light is received during the _____ Time of darkness Path of planet around the Sun Type of year that has 366 days Caused by the tilt of the Earth Half of the Earth Longest and shortest days occur then

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A N S W E R S

8.6

equinox axis rotates

Chapter 8: Earth and space

Sci-words—page 2 Day and night are of equal length then Earth spins on its _____ What the Earth does on its axis

Unit 8.4: The Moon Word celestial lunar Armstrong gravity maria highlands crater Apollo phases tides eclipse

Clue Body found in space To do with the Moon Astronaut who first walked on the Moon Weaker on the Moon than on Earth Plains on the Moon Type of landscape on the Moon Moon feature Name of series of lunar missions There are eight main _____ of the Moon Caused by the attraction of the Moon Occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth

A N S W E R S

9.1

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

Cut-away Earth

See Figure 9.1.1 in Science Focus 6.

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A N S W E R S

9.2

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

Identifying rocks

  1 Description of rock sample A

Long rectangular grains, squashed. Grains range in size from small to medium. Two different minerals.

  2 Description of rock sample B

Rounded grains, some semi-angular. Grains in two main sizes, large and small. All the same material.

  3 Description of rock sample C

Rounded grains, all the same size, medium. All the same material.

  4 Description of rock sample D

Interlocking grains of two different shapes. Grains in two main sizes, medium and large. Three different minerals.

  5 Which of the samples is granite and what rock type is it?

D, igneous

  6 Which of the samples is sandstone and what rock type is it?

C, sedimentary

  7 Which of the samples is conglomerate and what rock type is it?

B, sedimentary

  8 Which of the samples is marble and what rock type is it?

A, metamorphic

  9 Name and sketch the rock that didn’t appear on page 1.

Shale, diagrammatic answer required.

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9.3

A N S W E R S

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

The soil texture triangle 100

0

90

10

80

20

70

30

clay

tag en Pe rc

sandy clay

silty clay

50

t

50

sil

ec

ge

lay

ta en

40

rc Pe

60

40

60

clay foam

sandy clay foam

30

silty clay foam 70

foam

20

80

silt foam 10

sand 0 100

90

sandy foam

foamy sand 80

70

90

silt 60

50

40

30

20

10

Percentage sand

  2 Which type of soil is each of the following? a 60% sand, 10% silt, 30% clay – sandy clay loam b 20% sand, 60% silt, 20% clay – silt loam c 30% sand, 10% silt, 60% clay – clay d 45% sand, 10% silt, 45% clay – sandy clay

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0

100

A N S W E R S

9.4

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

Cloud types

8000

cirrus cirrostratus 7000

cirrocumulus

6000

altostratus

Height (m)

5000

cumulonimbus 4000

altocumulus

3000

cumulus

stratocumulus 2000

nimbostratus 1000

fog 0

stratus

Ground level

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Chapter review

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

9.5 Our planet Earth wordfind Skill: literacy, observation A N S W E R S

Find the words in the puzzle from the word list. J

R

L

T

T

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Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

9.6

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

Sci-words

Unit 9.1: Our Earth Word crust asthenosphere outer core inner core poles magnetic field cosmic shield cosmic rays plates convection currents theory of plate tectonics geologist

Clue The thin layer of the Earth that we live on A moving layer of molten rock on which the lithosphere shifts The layer that gives the Earth its magnetic field The layer at the centre of the Earth The magnetic ‘ends’ of Earth The magnetic region around the Earth Provided by the magnetic field of the Earth Dangerous rays from the Sun Slabs of the lithosphere floating on the molten mantle Moving currents of molten rock in the mantle The theory that the continents and sections of the lithosphere are moving Scientist who studies rocks and the structure of the Earth

Unit 9.2: Rocks and minerals Word petrologist mineralogy mineral native crystal streak lustre cleavage hardness rock ore

Clue A person who studies rocks The study of minerals Naturally occurring substance with particular chemical composition Mineral made from one metal element Once thought to be ‘unmeltable’ ice Colour of powder The way a mineral reflects light Crystals break more easily along _____ planes Measured using Mohs’ scale Made up of one or more minerals Elements may be profitably extracted from this

Unit 9.3: Types of rocks Word magma lava igneous intrusive extrusive sediment chalk metamorphic marble stalactite weathering cycle paleontologist

Clue Molten material below the Earth’s surface Molten material above the Earth’s surface Rock type made from molten material _____ rocks are below the Earth’s surface _____ rocks are above the Earth’s surface Forms of sedimentary rock Type of sedimentary rock Rock type formed by heat and/or pressure applied to other rocks Limestone may form this Formed on a cave roof by dripping, mineral-rich water Rock may be broken down by _____ The rock _____ is used to explain how rocks are continually changing Scientist who studies fossils in sedimentary rocks

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.

A N S W E R S

9.6

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

Sci-words—page 2

Unit 9.4: Weathering and erosion Word weathering erosion sediment physical weathering decomposition biological weathering acid rain

Clue The splitting of rocks into smaller pieces When material is carried away by wind or water The material that is carried away by erosion Mechanical weathering Chemical weathering Caused by animals or plants A type of rain caused by pollution

Unit 9.5: The atmosphere Word atmosphere troposphere stratosphere exosphere meteor oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen ozone forest depletion fossil fuels visible light infra-red ultraviolet chlorofluorocarbons

Clue The gases that surround the Earth The layer of gases that we live in A layer that contains the ozone layer and in which commercial aircraft fly The upper layer of the atmosphere Shooting star The gas our bodies consume The gas our bodies expel The most common gas in the atmosphere The layer that filters out most UV radiation Cutting down vegetation Coal, oil, gas and petrol, which, when burnt, produce CO2 The light we see The part of sunlight that is heat The part of radiation that causes sunburn and skin cancer Chemicals that deplete the ozone layer

Unit 9.6: Weather Word convection trade winds evaporates condenses cyclone meteorologist

Clue The movement of air due to heating and cooling The winds that circle the Earth due to its spin and the heating at the equator When water changes from liquid to gas When water changes from gas to liquid Hurricane or typhoon Scientist who studies the weather and atmosphere

Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008 This page may be photocopied for classroom use.